CN107562466A - The method and apparatus of computer operating system installation - Google Patents

Abstract

This solution provides a method and device for installing a computer operating system: the computer receives the network boot program sent by the management server and stores it in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk of the computer, and updates the first boot loader as the first boot item The boot address is the second boot loader of the first address; restart the computer, the computer starts the second boot loader from the hard disk, runs the network boot program, downloads the operating system from the operating system server and installs it in the hard disk pointed to by the second address In the storage space, the second bootloader is updated to a third bootloader whose startup address of the first startup item is the second address. During the implementation of this solution, the computer boot mode is always boot from the hard disk, and there is no need to manually change the computer boot mode, which can automatically install the operating system on a large number of computers.

Description

Method and device for installing computer operating system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of information technology, in particular to a method and equipment for installing a computer operating system.

Background technique

Installing an operating system for a computer, especially in a cloud computing scenario, installing an operating system for a large number of computers is usually done manually in batches through the network. In a typical installation scenario, the computer needs to be booted from the network first, and then the operating system is installed. To set boot from the hard disk and complete the installation of the operating system, it is necessary to manually set the boot mode frequently on each computer in turn, and it is impossible to automatically install the operating system in large batches.

Contents of the invention

On the one hand, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for installing a computer operating system, wherein the computer includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores a first boot loader of the computer; the computer is started by starting from the hard disk; The computer communicates with an operating system server; the operating system server stores an operating system; the method includes:

The computer receives the network boot program sent by the management server, and stores the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address of the hard disk; the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server;

The computer updates the first boot loader to a second boot loader, and the start address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address. The computer is restarted, and the computer boots the second loader from the hard disk. In the specific implementation method, according to the startup method of the computer from the hard disk, when the computer is restarted, the basic input and output system (Basic Input/Output System, BIOS) of the computer first reads the second boot loader from the hard disk. . The computer starts the network boot program from the first address according to the second boot loader.

The computer acquires the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server in the network boot program, and installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk.

The computer updates the second boot loader to a third boot loader, wherein the boot address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address. At this time, the computer reads the third bootloader from the hard disk according to the booting mode of booting from the hard disk, and runs the first boot item of the third bootloader, that is, the operating system.

During the implementation of the method of this embodiment, the starting mode of the computer is always from the hard disk, and there is no need to change the starting mode. Therefore, the management server distributes network boot programs corresponding to the operating systems to multiple computers to be installed with the operating systems in batches, and the computers to be installed with the operating systems can implement the installation of the corresponding operating systems through the method in this embodiment.

Optionally, the BIOS of the computer reads out the first boot loader stored on the hard disk, and runs the first boot loader.

Optionally, the first boot loader may be a multi-operating system boot manager (GRand Unified Bootloader, GRUB) or a Linux loader (Lnux Loader, LILO).

Optionally, the computer updates the first boot loader to the second boot loader. One implementation is that the second boot loader is a new boot loader relative to the first boot loader, and the second boot loader The boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader is the first address. Another implementation manner is to update the startup address of the first startup item of the first bootloader to the first address to obtain the second bootloader.

Optionally, the computer updates the second boot loader to the third boot loader. One implementation is that the third boot loader is a new boot loader relative to the second boot loader, and the third boot loader The boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader is the second address. Another implementation manner is to update the startup address of the first startup item of the second bootloader to the second address to obtain the third bootloader.

With reference to the first aspect, in the first implementation method of the first aspect, when the computer installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and updates the second boot loader to the third boot loader After the loader is loaded, the computer restarts and performs the steps to run the operating system. Restarting the computer can detect whether the installation of the operating system is successful, and is also a necessary step for subsequent operation of the operating system.

With reference to the first aspect, in the second implementation method of the first aspect, after the computer detects that the operating system fails to be installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk, the computer is restarted. After the computer is restarted, read the second boot loader from the hard disk again, and execute the method of the first aspect to start the network boot program and subsequent steps to reinstall the operating system.

In the embodiment of the present invention, restarting the computer may be restarting the computer according to preset rules, or restarting after receiving an instruction from the management server. Wherein, the computer is restarted when the computer needs to be restarted according to the preset rule, and the preset rule can be configured in the BIOS.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer operating system installation system, the system includes the computer, a management server and an operating system server; the computer includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores a first boot loader; The first computer is started by starting from the hard disk; the computer, the management server and the operating system server are used to implement various solutions in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer, the computer includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores the first boot loader of the computer; the computer is started in the form of starting from the hard disk; the computer communicates with the operating system server The operating system server stores an operating system; wherein, in an implementation manner, the computer device includes various units, which are respectively used to execute various solutions in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention. In another implementation manner, the computer includes an interface and a processor, which are respectively used to execute various solutions in the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product and a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program product and the non-volatile computer-readable storage medium contain computer instructions, and the non-volatile computer instructions contain A permanent storage medium and a computer program product, the computer executes computer instructions to implement various solutions in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.

In the fifth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a management server. The management server device can be used to manage the computer to install an operating system, wherein the computer device includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores the first boot loader of the computer; the The starting method of the computer is to start from the hard disk; the computer communicates with the operating system server; the operating system server stores the operating system; the management server includes a processor and an interface; Send a network boot program, and confirm that the network boot program is stored in the storage space pointed to by the first address of the hard disk, and the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server;

The processor is further configured to send a first instruction to the computer through the interface, the first instruction is used to instruct the computer to update the first boot loader to a second boot loader, and the first boot loader of the second boot loader The startup address of a startup item is the first address, confirming that the computer has successfully updated the first boot loader to the second boot loader, sending a second instruction to the computer, and the second instruction is used to restart the computer, When the computer receives the second instruction, it restarts according to the way of starting from the hard disk, the computer reads the second boot loader from the hard disk, and starts the network boot program according to the first address, from the operating system server After obtaining the operating system and installing it in the storage space pointed to by the second address in the hard disk, the processor is further configured to send a third instruction to the computer through the interface, and the third instruction is used to instruct the computer to The second boot loader is updated to be the third boot loader; wherein, the start address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address.

With reference to the fifth aspect, in the first implementation method of the first aspect, further comprising: when the management server detects that the operating system installation fails, the processor is further configured to send a fourth instruction to the computer through the interface , the fourth instruction is used to instruct the computer to restart. After the computer is restarted, the second boot loader is reread from the hard disk, and the management server executes the method of the fifth aspect to start the network boot program and subsequent steps to reinstall the operating system.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of computer management system;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the management server;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the network boot program and the operating system server;

Fig. 4 is the flowchart of computer installation operating system;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a computer in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a computer in an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The computer management system shown in FIG. 1 includes a computer 100 , a management server 101 and an operating system server 320 , and the computer 100 communicates with the management server 101 and the operating system server 320 . A network boot program 310 is stored on the management server 101 . The operating system server 320 stores the operating system 103, and the operating system 103 may be Windows or Linux or other operating systems, which is not limited in this embodiment. The computer 100 includes a hard disk 110 on which a boot loader 111 is stored. When the computer 100 is started from the hard disk 110 , the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) 120 of the computer 100 reads the boot loader 111 stored on the hard disk 110 and runs the boot loader 111 . Here, the boot loader 111 may be a multi-operating system boot manager (GRand Unified Bootloader, GRUB) or a Linux loader (Linux Loader, LILO) or others, which is not limited in this embodiment. The structure of the management server 101 is shown in FIG. 2 , including a processor 201 and an interface 202 . Wherein, the processor 201 may include a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) and a memory, where there may be one or more CPUs. The processor 201 may also be a Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), or a combination of FPGA and CPU. The interface 202 may be a network interface card (Network Interface Card, NIC), etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. The management server 101 may also include a storage device for storing the network boot program 310 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , an operating system server address 311 is stored on the network boot program 310 , and the operating system server address 311 points to the operating system server 320 . The computer 100 communicates with the operating system server 320 according to the operating system server address 311 stored in the network boot program 310 to acquire the operating system 103 .

This embodiment provides a method for installing an operating system, as shown in FIG. 4 . The specific process is as follows:

401. The computer 100 receives the network boot program 310 sent by the management server 101, and stores the network boot program 310 in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk 110. The network boot program 310 is compiled into a program that can be recognized by the boot loader in this embodiment.

In one implementation, the processor 201 of the management server 101 sends the network boot program 310 to the computer 100 through the interface 202, and confirms that the network boot program 310 is stored in the storage space pointed to by the first address of the hard disk 110, and the network boot program includes The address of the operating system server 320 .

402. The computer 100 updates the boot loader 111 to the boot loader 112, and the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 112 is the first address. The first startup item is the network boot program 310 . In the embodiment of the present invention, the boot loader 111 is updated to the boot loader 112. One implementation is that the boot loader 112 is a new boot loader relative to the boot loader 111, and the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 112 as the first address. Another implementation manner is to update the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 111 to the first address to obtain the boot loader 112 .

In one implementation, the processor 201 of the management server 101 sends a first instruction to the computer 100 through the interface 202, the first instruction is used to instruct the computer 100 to update the boot loader 111 to the boot loader 112, and confirm that the computer 100 successfully boots The loader 111 is updated to the boot loader 112 , and sends a second instruction to the computer 100 , where the second instruction is used to restart the computer 100 .

403 , the computer 100 is restarted, and the boot loader 112 is started from the hard disk 110 . When the computer 100 is restarted, according to its starting mode, that is, starting from the hard disk 110 , the BIOS 120 reads the hard disk 110 and starts the loader 112 .

404. The computer 100 starts the network boot program 310 from the storage space pointed to by the first address according to the boot loader 112. After the boot loader 112 is started, the BIOS 120 executes the first boot item according to the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 112, that is, starts the network boot program 310 stored in the storage space pointed to by the first address according to the first address.

405 , the computer 100 obtains the operating system 103 from the operating system server 320 according to the address 311 of the operating system server 320 in the network boot program 310 , and installs the operating system 103 into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk 110 . During the installation of the operating system 103 , the computer 100 updates the boot loader 112 to the boot loader 113 , wherein the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 113 is the second address. At this time, the first boot item of the boot loader 113 stored in the hard disk 110 is the installed operating system 103. When the computer 100 starts from the hard disk, the BIOS 120 reads and runs the boot loader 113, and the boot loader 113 runs the operating system. 103. In the embodiment of the present invention, the boot loader 112 is updated to the boot loader 113. One implementation is that the boot loader 113 is a new boot loader relative to the boot loader 112, and the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 113 for the second address. Another implementation is to update the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 112 to the second address to obtain the boot loader 113 .

In one implementation, the processor 201 of the management server 101 sends a third instruction to the computer 100 through the interface 202 , where the third instruction is used to instruct the computer 100 to update the boot loader 112 to the boot loader 113 .

The computer 100 detects whether the operating system system 103 is installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk 100 . If the installation of the operating system 103 fails, the computer 100 is restarted, and according to the mode of booting from the hard disk 110, the process of 403-405 is executed to reinstall the operating system 103.

After the computer 100 detects that the operating system 103 is successfully installed to the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk 110, and the bootloader 112 is updated to the bootloader 113, the computer 100 restarts, and starts and runs according to the mode of booting from the hard disk 110. operating system 103 .

During the implementation of the method of this embodiment, the starting mode of the computer is always from the hard disk, and there is no need to change the starting mode. Therefore, the management server can distribute the network boot program corresponding to the operating system to multiple computers to be installed with the operating system in batches, and the computers to be installed with the operating system can implement the installation of the corresponding operating system through the method in this embodiment.

In the embodiment of the present invention, restarting the computer may be restarting the computer according to preset rules, or restarting after receiving an instruction from the management server. Wherein, the restart of the computer is when the computer requires the preset rule to restart, and the preset rule can be configured in the BIOS 120 .

Corresponding to the method in the embodiment of the present invention, the specific structure of the computer 100 is shown in FIG. Wherein, the receiving unit 510 is used to receive the network boot program 310 sent by the management server 101; the storage unit 520 is used to store the network boot program 310 in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk 110; The loader 111 is updated to the boot loader 112, and the boot address of the first boot item of the boot loader 112 is the first address; the boot unit 540 is used for restarting the computer 110, including starting the loader 112 from the hard disk 110, according to the boot loader. The device 112 starts the network boot program 210 from the storage space pointed to by the first address; the obtaining unit 550 is used to obtain the operating system 103 from the operating system server 320 according to the address 311 of the operating system server 320 in the network boot program 310; the installation unit 560, For installing the operating system 103 to the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk 110; the update unit 530 is also used for updating the boot loader 112 to the boot loader 113 when the installation unit 560 installs the operating system 103, and the boot loader 112 The startup address of the first startup item of is the second address.

The boot unit 540 is also used for installing the operating system 103 and updating the boot loader 112 to the boot loader 113 , restarting the computer 100 , and booting the operating system 230 from the storage space pointed to by the second address according to the boot loader 113 .

The startup unit 540 is also used to restart the computer 100 after the installation of the operating system 103 fails, and start the network boot program 310 from the storage space pointed to by the second address according to the bootloader 112, so as to reinstall the operating system 103.

The specific implementation of the computer 100 shown in FIG. 5 can refer to the description in the previous embodiments, wherein each unit can be realized by a corresponding hardware chip, such as the receiving unit 510 corresponding to the interface card chip, the storage unit 520 corresponding to the storage chip, and the updating unit 530 Corresponding to the update chip, the startup unit 540 corresponds to the startup chip, the acquisition unit 550 corresponds to the acquisition chip, and the installation unit 560 corresponds to the installation chip. In another implementation, one or more units may be integrated on one hardware chip. Correspondingly, embodiments of the present invention provide a non-volatile storage medium containing computer instructions and a computer program product, and a processor of a computer executes the computer instructions to implement the solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention.

Another implementation of the structure of the computer 100 in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6 , which includes a processor 601 and an interface 602, wherein the processor 601 may include a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) and a memory, wherein the CPU Can be one or more. The processor 601 may also be a Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), or a combination of FPGA and CPU, or a combination of CPU and BIOS. The interface 602 may be a network interface card (Network Interface Card, NIC), etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. The interface 602 is used to receive the network boot program 310 sent by the management server 101, obtain the operating system 103 from the operating system server 320 according to the address 311 of the operating system server 320 in the network boot program 310, and the processor 601 is used to execute other programs shown in FIG. 4 process. This embodiment of the present invention will not describe it in detail.

The hardware architecture of the computer in the embodiment of the present invention can be Intel Co., Ltd. RISC Processor x86 (Intel x86, x86), Arm Co., Ltd. RISC Machines (advanced RISC Machines, ARM), MIPS Co., Ltd. RISC A processor (million instructions per second, MIPS) and an optimized reduced instruction set processor (performance optimization with enhanced RISC, PowerPC), which are not limited in this embodiment. For computers with different hardware architectures, when installing the operating system, only the network boot program corresponding to the hardware architecture needs to be delivered to them. The operating systems to be installed include but are not limited to Windows and Linux, which are not limited in this embodiment. The hard disk in this embodiment of the present invention may be a physical hard disk, such as a mechanical hard disk or a solid state hard disk, or may be a logical unit (Logical Unit, LU) or a volume. Wherein, LU is also called a logical unit number. In a virtualization scenario, the computer in the embodiment of the present invention can also be a virtual machine (Virtual Machine, VM). According to the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the operating system can be installed in batches for the virtual machine without frequent manual modification and startup. Settings, so as to implement batch installation of operating systems for virtual machines.

In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of the units described in the above-described device embodiments is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or Some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

Claims (15)

1. A computer operating system installation method, characterized in that, the computer includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores the first boot loader of the computer; the starting mode of the computer is to start from the hard disk; the computer communicating with an operating system server; the operating system server stores an operating system; the method includes: The computer receives the network boot program sent by the management server, and stores the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk; the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server; The computer updates the first boot loader to a second boot loader, and the boot address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address; the computer is restarted, and the second boot loader is started from the hard disk; The computer starts the network boot program from the first storage address according to the second boot loader; The computer obtains the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server in the network boot program, and installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk; The computer updates the second boot loader to a third boot loader, and the boot address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: After the computer installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and updates the second bootloader to the third bootloader, the computer restarts. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: The computer restarts after detecting that the operating system fails to be installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk. 4. A computer management system, characterized in that, the computer management system includes a computer, a management server and an operating system server; the computer comprises a hard disk; the hard disk stores the first boot loader; the startup mode of the computer is boot from said hard disk; Wherein, the management server is configured to send a network boot program to the computer; wherein, the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server; The computer is configured to receive the network boot program, and store the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address of the hard disk; the computer is also used to update the first boot loader to the second boot loader. Boot loader, the boot address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address; the computer restarts and obtains the address of the operating system server according to the network boot program; The operating system server is used to provide the operating system to the computer; The computer is further configured to obtain the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server, install the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk, and install the second The second boot loader is updated to be the third boot loader, and the start address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein: The computer is further configured to, when the computer installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and updates the second boot loader to the third boot loader, the The computer restarts. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein: The computer is further configured to restart after detecting that the operating system fails to be installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk. 7. A kind of computer, it is characterized in that, described computer comprises hard disk; Described hard disk stores the first boot loader; The starting mode of described computer is to start from described hard disk; Described computer communicates with operating system server; The operating system server stores an operating system; the computer also includes a receiving unit, a storage unit, an updating unit, a starting unit, an acquiring unit and an installing unit; Wherein, the receiving unit is configured to receive the network boot program sent by the management server; The storage unit is configured to store the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk; the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server; The updating unit is configured to update the first boot loader to a second boot loader, and the boot address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address; The startup unit is configured to restart, start the second boot loader from the hard disk, and start the network boot program from the storage space pointed to by the first address according to the second boot loader; The obtaining unit is configured to obtain the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server in the network boot program; The installation unit is configured to install the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk; The updating unit is further configured to update the second boot loader to a third boot loader; wherein the boot address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address. 8. The computer according to claim 7, wherein the startup unit is further configured to, when the installation unit installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and the update The unit restarts after updating the second boot loader to the third boot loader. 9. The computer according to claim 7, wherein the startup unit is further configured to detect that the installation unit fails to install the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk, Restart. 10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the following steps: receiving the network boot program sent by the management server, and storing the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk of the computer; the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server; wherein the operating system The server stores an operating system, and the hard disk stores the first boot loader of the computer to which it belongs, and the computer is started by starting from the hard disk; Updating the first boot loader to a second boot loader, where the start address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address; restarting, starting the second boot loader from the hard disk; starting the network boot program from the first storage address according to the second boot loader; obtaining the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server in the network boot program, and installing the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk; The second boot loader is updated to a third boot loader, and the start address of the first boot item of the third boot loader is the second address. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions and is also used to cause the computer to execute: After the computer installs the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and updates the second boot loader to the third boot loader, it is restarted. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the computer-readable storage medium according to claim 10, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions and is also used to cause the computer to execute: Restart after detecting that the operating system fails to be installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk. 13. A computer, characterized in that, the computer includes a hard disk; the hard disk stores a first boot loader; the computer is started in a manner of starting from the hard disk; the computer communicates with an operating system server; The operating system server stores an operating system; the computer also includes a processor and an interface; wherein, The interface is used to receive the network boot program sent by the management server; The processor is configured to store the network boot program in the storage space pointed to by the first address in the hard disk; the network boot program includes the address of the operating system server, and updates the first boot loader to the first Two boot loaders, the start address of the first boot item of the second boot loader is the first address, restart, start the second boot loader from the hard disk, and load according to the second boot loader The device starts the network boot program from the first storage address; The interface is also used to obtain the operating system from the operating system server according to the address of the operating system server in the network boot program; The processor is further configured to install the operating system into the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk, update the second boot loader to a third boot loader, and the third boot loader The startup address of the first startup item of the device is the second address. 14. The computer according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to install the operating system to the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk and install the second boot loader After updating to the third boot loader, reboot. 15. The computer according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to restart after detecting that the operating system fails to be installed in the storage space pointed to by the second address of the hard disk.