CN107569203B - an endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an endoscope, comprising: an insertion part; an observation window; and an illumination window. The front end of the protruding part is disposed between them, and the front end of the protruding part is the head top of the nozzle that ejects fluid toward the observation window. The nozzle can extend along the length direction of the insertion part, and its extension range is between the front end of the observation window and the front end of the lighting window. between. The present invention improves the observation performance of the endoscope: even if the observation window is in contact with the body cavity for a long time, it will not cause thermal influence on the observation site and can fully observe.

Description

an endoscope

technical field

The present invention relates to an endoscope capable of switching between observation in a contact state and observation in a non-contact state for an object to be observed.

Background technique

In recent years, endoscopes that switch the focal point of the objective optical system to freely switch between observation in a contact state and observation in a non-contact state with respect to an object to be observed have been put into practical use. For example, an endoscope is equipped with an observation window for observing the object in contact with or close to the observation part of the observation part and an observation field toward the observation part on the plane of the protruding step part at the front end of the insertion part for insertion into the subject. The illumination window of the illumination system that emits illumination light can be freely switched between observation in the contact state and observation in the non-contact state.

However, when the observation window is in contact with the observation site such as the body cavity for long-term observation, the lighting window fluid is also in contact with the observation site, and the living mucous membrane at the observation site may be affected by the light and heat of the illumination.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the observation performance of the endoscope. Even if the observation window is in contact with the body cavity for a long time, sufficient observation can be performed without thermal influence on the observation site.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope aiming at the above-mentioned present situation.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention: an endoscope, comprising:

an insertion portion formed to extend in the length direction to be inserted into the subject;

an observation window, which is arranged at the front end of the insertion part, and at least enables observation in a state of contact with the observation object; and

an illumination window that radiates illumination light toward the observation field of the observation section,

The illumination window is disposed at a position on the base end side in the longitudinal direction of the observation window, and the front end of the protruding portion is disposed between the observation window and the illuminating window in the longitudinal direction, and the protruding portion The front end is the top of the nozzle that ejects fluid toward the observation window, and the nozzle can extend along the length direction of the insertion part, and its extension range is between the top front end of the observation window and the front end of the lighting window.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that even if the observation window of the observation part is in contact with the observation site such as the body cavity for long-term observation, the observation site will not be affected by heat, and the observation can be performed sufficiently, and the observation property can be improved.

Description of drawings

Briefly introduce the drawings involved in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, so as to provide a clearer and more complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. The following drawings are only for some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit In the present invention, on the premise of not performing other creative work, other drawings can obviously be obtained based on these drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an entire endoscope system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the front end surface of the endoscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the main part of III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of main parts of IV-IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a partial structural schematic view of the nozzle in Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of main parts taken along line V-V in Fig. 3 .

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In FIG. 1 , reference numeral 1 denotes an endoscope system including an endoscope 2 , a light source device 3 of an illumination system for supplying illumination light to the endoscope 2 , and a signal processing system for the endoscope 2 . A processor 4 as a signal processing device, a monitor 5 connected to the processor 4, an air and water supply device 6 for cleaning the lens of the endoscope 2, and a water supply device 7 for cleaning the observation site.

The endoscope 2 has an elongated insertion portion 11 inserted into a subject, an operation portion 12 connected to the proximal end of the insertion portion 11 , and a universal cable 13 extending from the side of the operation portion 12 . The connector 14 provided at the proximal end of the universal cable 13 is detachably connected to the light source device 3 . And the connector 14 is connected to the processor 4 via the scope cable 8 .

And the insertion portion 11 of the endoscope 2 is formed elongated along the longitudinal direction, has a hard distal end portion 15 formed at the distal end, a curved portion 16 formed at the proximal end of the distal end portion 15, and a curved portion 16 formed from the proximal end of the curved portion 16. to the flexible flexible crown 17 of the operating part 12 .

In the bending portion 16 of the endoscope 2 , a plurality of circular bending pieces (not shown) are continuously provided rotatably along the axial direction of the insertion portion 11 . Each bending block is provided with four tubular wire seats by welding on its inner peripheral surface. One of the four wire seats is fixed on the inner peripheral surface of the bending block at approximately 90° positions around the insertion axis.

In addition, a non-illustrated braided layer, which is obtained by braiding thin wires into a cylindrical shape, is wrapped around the plurality of bending blocks so as to cover the outer circumference of the limit bending blocks. Furthermore, an outer skin 21 is covered on the outside of the play-unwoven layer so as to maintain watertightness (refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ).

And the insertion part 11 which consists of the front-end|tip part 15, the bending part 16, and the flexible part 17 is covered with the outer skin 21 so that it may become integral over the whole length. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the front end outer peripheral portion of the sheath 21 is fixed to the front end portion 15 by, for example, a winding adhesive portion 22 that is bonded after winding.

In addition, four bending operation wires (not shown) are inserted through the insertion part 11 to operate the bending part 16. The front ends of the four bending operation wires are respectively fixed by four fixing rings provided in the front end part 15. portion, offset approximately 90° about the axis of insertion. The four bending operation wires are respectively connected to an unillustrated bending operation mechanism whose base end portion is provided in the operation portion 12 . An operation button (illustrated) is disposed on the operation unit 12 for pulling the above-mentioned bending operation wire to drive the bending operation mechanism. And the bending part 16 is controlled to bend in four directions through the operation button, and the four directions are equivalent to the four directions of the image displayed on the monitor 5 up, down, left, and right.

2 shows a front view of the end surface 23 of the distal end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 of the endoscope 2 , and the distal end surface 23 of the distal end portion 15 is a surface substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 11 .

Furthermore, in this front end surface 23, the 1st front end surface 23a, the 2nd front end surface 23b, and the 3rd front end surface 23c are formed adjacent to each other. Adjacent portions of the adjacent front end surfaces 23a to 23c are connected by inclined surfaces.

An objective lens 118 serving as an observation window in an observation optical system 115 of an observation unit 28 to be described later is provided on the first front end surface 23 a, which can freely switch between observation in contact with the observation object and observation in a non-contact state.

In addition, the second distal end surface 23b is provided with an air and water supply nozzle 34 that opens toward the objective lens 118 from a discharge port 34a and discharges liquid from the proximal end side of the insertion portion 11 of the endoscope 2 toward the distal end.

Furthermore, on both sides of the objective lens 118 in the third front end surface 23c, the first lighting window 29b of the first lighting unit 29 and the second lighting window of the second lighting unit 30 that irradiate the illumination light from the observation field of view of the abstract observation unit are provided. 30b.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the front end opening 33a of the treatment instrument insertion channel 33 and the pipe opening of the front water feeding pipe 31 for supplying fluids such as washing water are disposed on the front end surface 23 of the front end portion 15. part 31a (see FIG. 6).

The above-mentioned front end surfaces 23a to 23c form different positions with respect to the longitudinal direction of the insertion part 11, and the positional relationship of the first front end surface 23a, the second front end surface 23b, and the third front end surface 23c will be described below.

The two-point chemical fiber in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shows the position in the direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the above-mentioned insertion hole 11. The position of the first section 23a where the objective lens 118 is provided is represented as H1, the position of the second front end surface 23b where the air and water supply nozzle 34 is provided is represented as H2, and the position where the first lighting window 29b and the second lighting window 30b are provided is represented as H1. The position of the third front end surface 23c is denoted as H3. The position of the front end of the top part 34b of the air-supply-water-supply nozzle 34 is shown as H4. As can be seen from Figures 3 and 4, the first front end surface 23a is formed at the most protruding position (H1) on the front end side along the longitudinal direction, and the top of the head of the air-supply and water-supply nozzle 34 is formed at a position (H4) closer to the proximal end side. 34b. The third front end surface 23c is formed at a position (H3) closer to the proximal side, and the second front end surface 23b is provided at a position (H2) on the most proximal side.

As shown in Figure 5, the base end of the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 is connected with a transmission device 340, and the other end of the transmission device 340 is connected to the air supply and water supply device 6, and controls the rotation of the air supply and water supply nozzle 34, and when the transmission device 340 is connected to the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 After the rotational moment reaches a certain level, the air-supply and water-supply nozzle 34 shrinks toward the base of the insertion portion 11, and after receiving a certain torque, the air-supply and water-supply nozzle 34 pops out to the front end of the insertion portion 11.

When the air and water nozzle 34 does not shrink toward the base, H4 is closer to the base of the insertion portion 11 than H1; when the air and water nozzle 34 rotates, H1 is closer to the base of the insertion portion 11 than H4.

The transmission device 340 includes a transmission rod 3401 . The end of the transmission rod 3401 close to the air and water supply nozzle 34 is provided with a first gear in the circumferential direction. The base end of the air and water supply nozzle 34 is provided with a first transmission sleeve 342 and a second transmission sleeve 343 . The outer ring of the first transmission sleeve 342 is provided with a second tooth portion matched with the first tooth portion, and the second transmission sleeve 343 is sleeved in the inside of the first transmission sleeve 342 in a sealing manner, so that the transmission rod 3401 simultaneously drives the first tooth portion. The transmission sleeve 342 and the second transmission sleeve 343 rotate.

The inner wall ring near the front end of the first drive sleeve 341 is provided with a first baffle plate 3411 perpendicular to its axis, the inner wall of the rear end of the first baffle plate 3411 is inwardly recessed to form a bowl-shaped groove 3412, and the outer wall of the second drive sleeve 343 is provided with There is a protruding part 3431 matching with the bowl-shaped groove 3412, and the outer wall of the second drive sleeve 343 is also provided with a second baffle 3432, and between the second baffle 3432 and the first baffle 3411 is a Compressed spring.

The first gear dial 3411 is in close contact with the second transmission sleeve 342 , and the second baffle plate 3432 is in close contact with the first transmission sleeve 341 .

When the torque is within a certain range, the transmission rod 3401 drives the first transmission sleeve 342 and the second transmission sleeve 343 to rotate simultaneously, and the gas and water ejected from the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 can directly clean the surface of the objective lens 118, and clean the entire surface of the objective lens 118 rotatably. The surface of the objective lens 118 is even the front end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 . When the torque exceeds a certain range, the protruding part 3431 is disengaged from the bowl-shaped groove 3412, and the second transmission sleeve 343 is moved backward by the action of the spring. At this time, the air supply nozzle 34 shrinks to the base without affecting the observation of the objective lens 118. .

Further, a guide groove and a protrusion (not shown in the figure) cooperating with each other are also provided between the first transmission sleeve 342 and the second transmission sleeve 343, so that the transmission rod 3401 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction again, and the second transmission sleeve 343 moves along the The guide groove 3413 moves, and the protrusion 3431 returns to the groove 3412 .

And, objective lens 119 is easy to be in good contact with the observed object, and even under the situation of oblique contact with respect to the observation surface of the observed object, also can place the parietal surface (H4) of the top of the head 34b of the air-feeding and water-feeding nozzle 34 and the observed object. In contact, the third front end surface 23c provided with the first lighting window 39b and the second lighting window 30b is in contact with the observation object. Therefore, even if the observation window of the observation unit 28 is in contact with an observation site such as the inside of a body cavity for long-term observation, sufficient observation can be performed without thermal influence on the observation site, and observation performance can be improved.

Continuing to refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 4, in the front end portion 15 of insertion part 11, be provided with the cylinder part (front end rigid part) 15a that is made of hard metal and be embedded on the base end side peripheral portion of this cylinder part 15a The ring-shaped reinforcing ring 15b. A plurality of, in this embodiment, six holes parallel to the axial direction of the insertion portion 11, that is, first through holes 15a1 to sixth through holes 15a6, are formed on the cylindrical member 15a (only the first through holes 15a1 to 15a6 are shown in FIG. through hole 15a1 and sixth through hole 15a6). The base end portion of the reinforcement ring 15b is connected to the frontmost bending piece.

In addition, the first through hole 15a1 to the third through hole 15a3 are formed at positions corresponding to the observation unit 28, the first illumination unit 29, and the second illumination unit 30, respectively, and the observation unit 28, the first illumination unit 29, and the second illumination unit 30 are respectively incorporated. Two structural elements of the lighting unit 30.

Furthermore, the fourth through hole 15a4 to the sixth through hole 15a6 are formed at positions corresponding to the front end opening 33a of the treatment instrument insertion channel 33, the air and water supply nozzle 34, and the opening 30a of the fluid supply pipeline 30, respectively. The structural elements of the pipeline through which the treatment instrument penetrates the insertion channel 33 , the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 , and the pipeline 30 for water supply in the front are assembled.

In addition, a front end cover 24 is attached to the front end surface of the cylindrical member 15a and the outer peripheral portion of the front end side of the cylindrical member 15a in a state of external fitting.

The air and water supply nozzle 34 provided at the tip of the fifth through hole 15a5 is a tubular member bent into a substantially L-shape. The tip portion of the air and water feeding nozzle 34 is arranged facing the objective lens 118 in the observation optical system 115 of the observation unit 28 . Specifically, the ejection port 34a of the front end opening of the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 is provided with the first front end surface 23a provided with the objective lens 118 and the second front end surface 23b provided with the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 adjacent to the first front end surface 23a. The inclined surfaces therebetween are arranged to face each other as a surface for guiding the fluid to the first front end surface 23a.

In addition, as shown in Figure 1, the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 is connected to the air supply and water supply pipeline 106. Gas pipeline 106a and water pipeline 106b. Then, the air and water supply line 106 is inserted into the connector 14 via the insertion part 11 , the operation part 12 of the endoscope 2 and the universal cable 13 , and is connected to the air and water supply device 6 . In addition, in FIG. 1 , reference numeral 109 described on the operation unit 12 of the endoscope 2 denotes an air supply and water supply switch for performing air supply and water supply.

Next, the observation unit 28 will be described.

An observation optical system 115 of a contact-separation type is provided in the observation unit 28 . The observation optical system 115 of the contact-separation type has a lens unit 116 capable of changing the focus position from a standard position to an approach position, and an electrical component unit 117 disposed behind the lens unit 116 .

The frontmost part of the lens unit 116 becomes the objective lens 118 . Furthermore, a movable lens frame 119 and a movable lens 120 supported by the movable lens frame 119 are provided inside the lens unit 116 as a movable optical unit capable of advancing and retreating with respect to the imaging optical axis.

Inside the lens unit 116 is provided a guide space 121 for holding the movable lens frame 119 so as to be able to advance and retreat along the imaging optical axis. A not-shown lens is also disposed behind the guide space 121 .

With respect to the observation optical system 115 configured as described above, the distal end portion of an operation wire 126 for moving the movable lens frame 119 a forward and backward along the imaging optical axis is fixed to the movable lens frame 119 .

The operation wire 126 extends from the proximal end side of the insertion portion 11 and is connected to the observation portion 28 , and is formed of a linear member that advances and retreats in the longitudinal direction of the insertion portion 11 to switch the focus position of the observation portion 28 .

Furthermore, when the user operates a lever (not shown) provided in the operation unit 12 of the endoscope 2 , the operation wire 126 is driven forward and backward with respect to the direction of the imaging optical axis.

At this time, the moving lens frame 119 moves forward (in the direction of the standard position) along with the operation of pushing out the operation wire 126 in the distal direction. Conversely, the moving lens frame 119 moves toward the near side (approximate position direction) in accordance with the operation of pulling the operation wire 126 toward the near side.

That is, the state where the moving lens frame 119 is moved to a position other than the rearmost position of the guide space 121 is set as a range in which the observation object is observed in a non-contact state (normal observation mode). Moreover, the state where the moving lens frame 119 moves to the rearmost position of the guide space 121 is set as an observation position where the observation object is observed in a contact state (object contact observation mode of about 200 times to 1000 times the monitor observation magnification). ). Accordingly, by operating a lever not shown, the movable lens frame 119 can be switched between an observation position (normal observation mode) where the observation object is observed in a non-contact state and an observation position (normal observation mode) where the observation object is observed in a contact state ( object contact observation mode).

As described above, the electrical component unit 117 is continuously provided at the rear end portion of the lens unit 116 . The electrical component unit 117 has an imaging element 122 such as a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor, and a circuit board 123 . Furthermore, a cover glass 124 is provided on the light-receiving surface side of the front surface of the imaging element 122 .

A glass cover 124 is fixed to the rear end of the lens unit 116 . In this way, the observation optical system 115 of the contact-separation type in which the lens unit 116 and the electrical component unit 117 are integrated is formed.

The circuit board 123 has electrical components and a wiring pattern on the side of the rear end portion, and the tips of the plurality of signal lines in the signal cable 125 are connected to the wiring pattern by means such as soldering. Furthermore, the respective outer peripheral portions of the cover glass 124 , the imaging element 122 , the circuit board 123 , and the tip portion of the signal cable 125 are integrally covered with an insulating sealing resin or the like.

Then, the optical image formed by the lens unit 116 on the imaging element 122 is photoelectrically converted into an electrical image signal by the imaging element 122 , and the image signal is output to the circuit board 123 . Furthermore, the electric signal of the optical image output from the circuit board 123 is transmitted to the processor 4 which is a subsequent electric device via the signal cable 125 .

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 , the signal cable 125 of the imaging device 122 extends into the connector 14 via the inside of the insertion part 11 , the operation part 12 , and the inside of the universal cable 13 in this order. A relay substrate 86 is built in the connector 14 . The base end portion of the signal cable 125 is connected to the relay substrate 86 . Furthermore, the signal cable 125 is connected to the signal cable 87 via the relay board 86 inside the connector 14 .

Furthermore, the relay board 86 of the connector 14 is connected to the drive circuit 110, the signal processing circuit 111, the control circuit 89, etc., and the drive circuit 110 is connected via the signal cable 87 in the connector 14 and the signal line in the scope cable 8. 88 drives the imaging element 122 of the observation optical system 115 in the processor 4, the signal processing circuit 111 performs signal processing on the imaging signal output from the imaging element 122 via the relay substrate 86, and the control circuit 89 controls the signal processing circuit 111 and so on to control the action state.

Next, the first lighting unit 29 and the second lighting unit 30 constituting the lighting system will be described based on FIG. 4 .

The first lighting unit 29 and the second lighting unit 30 have substantially the same configuration. Front ends of a first light guide 31a and a second light guide 31b that transmit illumination light to the rear ends of the first illumination lens group 29a and the second illumination lens group 30a are arranged in the first illumination section 29 and the second illumination section 30, respectively. part. The first light guide 31a and the second light guide 31b are covered with a cylindrical member (not shown) at the front end, and are covered with a sheath obtained by bundling a plurality of fibers and, for example, a protective tube as a splicing material.

In the present embodiment, the first light guide 31 a and the second light guide 31 b are branched from one light guide bundle 31 in the operation unit 12 of the endoscope 2 , and inserted into the insertion unit 11 in a state of being divided into two. The front end parts of the first light guide 31a and the second light guide 31b divided into two are arranged opposite to each other on the first light window 29b and the second light window 30b including the two light windows provided on the front cover 24. The vicinity of the rear surface of the illumination lens group 29a and the second illumination lens group 30a is fixed to the rear end portions of the second through hole 15a2 and the third through hole 15a3 of the cylindrical member 15a by screwing, for example.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the light guide bundle 31 extends into the connector 14 via the insertion portion 11 , the operation portion 12 of the endoscope 2 , and the interior of the universal cable 13 in this order. The base end side of the light guide 31 is connected to the incident end 96 of the light guide connector protruding from the connector 14 . Furthermore, the incident end portion 96 of the light guide connector is detachably connected to the light source device 3 .

Then, the illumination light from the illuminating lamp 97 of the light source device 3 is irradiated to the incident end portion 96 of the light guide bundle connector, and the illumination light guided through the light guide bundle 31 passes through the first illumination lens group 29a and the second illumination lens group 30a inwardly. The front of the speculum 2 shoots out.

In addition, in this embodiment, an example in which illumination light is irradiated to the observation target field of view by the first illuminating unit 29 and the second illuminating unit 30 has been described. lighting light.

On the other hand, in the fourth through hole 15a4 formed in the cylindrical member 15a of the distal end portion 15, a distal end portion of a communication tube communicating with the treatment instrument insertion channel 33 is inserted from the proximal end side. The base end portion of the communication tube protrudes rearward of the cylindrical member 15a, and the front end portion of the treatment instrument insertion channel 33 is connected to the base end portion of the communication tube. The distal end of the treatment instrument insertion channel 33 communicates with the distal opening 33 a of the distal cover 24 via a communication tube.

The treatment instrument insertion channel 33 branches near the proximal end of the insertion portion 11 , and one of them is inserted into a treatment instrument insertion port (not shown) provided on the operation portion 12 of the endoscope 2 . In addition, the other end passes through the insertion portion 11 and the universal cable 13 to communicate with the suction channel, and the proximal end thereof is connected to a suction unit (not shown) via the connector 14 .

In addition, in the sixth through hole 15a6 formed in the cylindrical member 15a of the front end portion 15, the front end portion of a substantially cylindrical pipe member (not shown) is inserted from the rear end side. The base end portion of the pipe member protrudes rearward of the cylindrical member 15a, and the front end portion of the forward water supply pipe 32 is connected to the base end portion of the pipe member. In addition, the front end portion of the front water supply pipe 32 covers the base end portion of the pipe member, and the front end portion is connected and fixed by winding.

The front water supply pipe 32 is inserted into the connector 14 through the insertion part 11 , the operation part 12 of the endoscope 2 , and the universal cable 13 , and is connected to the front water supply device 7 . A forward water supply button (not shown) is inserted into the operation unit 12 of the endoscope 2 in the middle of the forward water supply conduit 32 .

Then, when the front water supply button is operated, liquid such as sterilized water is ejected from the opening 30a of the front end cover 24 of the insertion unit 11 toward the insertion direction into the body cavity. Thereby, it is possible to wash away bodily fluid and the like adhering to the test site in the body cavity. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 , a foot switch 7 a is connected to a cable extending from the front water supply device 7 . By operating the foot switch 7 a, the user can also move toward the front end cover 24 from the opening 30 a of the insertion part 11 . Liquid such as sterilized water is sprayed in the insertion direction of the body cavity.

According to the above configuration of the endoscope 2, the control switches 112a, 112b connected to the relay board 86 in the connector 14 via the signal lines 113a, 113b, and the air and water supply buttons are provided on the operation part 12 of the endoscope 2. 109. Unillustrated bending operation knob, unillustrated lever for changing focus position of observation optical system 115, unillustrated front water supply button, and unillustrated treatment instrument insertion port.

Further, as described above, the observation unit 28, the operation wire 126 for switching the focus of the observation unit 28, the first lighting window 29b, and the second lighting window are disposed on the distal end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 of the endoscope 2. 30b, the air and water supply nozzle 34 connected with the air and water supply pipeline 106 .

And, by arranging these components as described above, as shown in FIG. The center of the first illumination window 29b and the second illumination window 30b (point Pa1, point Pa2 among Fig. 6), this straight line Lb connects the center of objective lens 118 (point Pb1 among Fig. The center is point Pb2).

That is, the observation unit 28 provided on the front end 15 of the insertion unit 11 is provided with a mechanism for switching the focus of the observation unit 28 (a mechanism for advancing and retreating the operation wire 126 ) and has a protruding shape on one side. When the front end portion 15 is formed in this shape, dead spaces may be generated on both sides of the protruding portion. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to effectively utilize this dead space, as described above, the objective lens 118, the operating wire 126, and two illumination windows located on both sides of the objective lens 118, that is, the first illumination window 29b and the second illumination window 29b, are provided. window 30b. In this way, the space at the distal end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 is effectively utilized without generating a dead space, and the diameter reduction of the distal end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 can be achieved.

And, the front end of the operation wire 126 is arranged between the air supply and water supply pipeline 106 and the signal cable 125 , and is arranged between the air supply and water supply nozzle 34 and the observation part 28 . The base end side of the signal cable 125 extends from the base end side of the insertion part 11 and is connected to the observation part 28 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the front end of the operation wire 126 is arranged between two tangent lines Ld1 and Ld2 parallel to the straight line Lc of the outer diameter of the observation part, wherein the straight line Lc connects the center of the objective lens 118 (FIG. 6 The center is the point Pb1) and the center of the inlet of the air and water supply nozzle 34 (point Pc in FIG. 6). Therefore, the outer diameter can be reduced in a more space-saving manner.

In this way, according to the embodiment of the present invention, with respect to the front end portion 15 of the insertion portion 11 in the endoscope 2, the first front end surface 23a provided with the objective lens 118 is formed at the most protruding position in the front end direction, and then the air and water supply The position of the head top surface of the head top 34b of the nozzle 34 is formed to exceed or retract the position parallel to the front end direction, and then, the position of the third front end surface 23c on which the first lighting window 29b and the second lighting window 30b are provided A position protruding in the front end direction is formed. Therefore, the objective lens 118 of the first front end surface 23 a that protrudes most in the front end direction is easily brought into good contact with the object to be observed. Simultaneously set retractable air-supply water-supply nozzle 34, even under the situation of oblique contact with respect to the observation surface of observation object, also can place the head top surface (H4) of the head top 34b of air-supply water-supply nozzle 34 to contact with observation object, be provided with the second The first lighting window 39b and the third front end surface 23c of the second lighting window 30b are in contact with the observation object. Therefore, even if the observation window of the observation unit 28 is in contact with the observation site such as the inside of the body cavity for long-term observation, the observation site can be fully observed without being affected by heat, and the observation performance of the endoscope can be improved.

As described above, even when the observation window of the observation unit is brought into contact with the observation site such as the inside of the body cavity for long-term observation, sufficient observation can be performed without thermal influence on the observation site, and observation performance can be improved.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention Inside.

Claims (7)

1. An endoscope, characterized in that, comprising: an insertion portion formed to extend in the length direction to be inserted into the subject; an observation window, which is arranged at the front end of the insertion part, and at least enables observation in a state of contact with the observation object; and an illumination window that radiates illumination light toward the observation field of the observation section, The illumination window is arranged at a position on the base end side in the longitudinal direction of the observation window, and the front end of a protrusion is arranged between the observation window and the illumination window in the longitudinal direction, and the protrusion The front end of the part is the head top of the nozzle that ejects fluid toward the observation window, and the nozzle can extend along the length direction of the insertion part, and its extension range is between the front end of the observation window and the front end of the lighting window ; Wherein, the base end of the nozzle is connected with a transmission device to control its circumferential rotation, and the other end of the transmission device is connected to the air supply and water supply device, and when the rotational torque of the transmission device to the nozzle reaches a certain level, The nozzle tapers toward the base of the insertion portion. 2. A kind of endoscope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transmission device comprises transmission rod, and the end of described transmission rod near described nozzle is circumferentially provided with first tooth portion, and the base end of described nozzle A first transmission sleeve and a second transmission sleeve sleeved in the first transmission sleeve are provided, and the outer ring of the first transmission sleeve is provided with a second tooth portion matched with the first tooth portion. 3. A kind of endoscope according to claim 2, characterized in that, the inner wall ring near the front end of the first drive sleeve is provided with a first baffle perpendicular to its axis, and the inner wall of the first drive sleeve is The rear end of the first baffle is inwardly recessed to form a bowl-shaped groove, the outer wall of the second transmission sleeve is provided with a protrusion matching the bowl-shaped groove, and the outer wall of the second transmission sleeve The ring is provided with a second baffle, and a spring in a compressed state is provided between the second baffle and the first baffle. 4. A kind of endoscope according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, between said first drive sleeve and the second drive sleeve, there are also guide grooves and protrusions that cooperate with each other, so that the rotation in the opposite direction The transmission rod, the second transmission sleeve moves along the guide groove, and at the same time, the protrusion returns to the groove. 5. A kind of endoscope according to claim 4, is characterized in that, is provided with the illumination window of a plurality of described illumination systems, the switching of contact observation and non-contact observation of the described observation object of described observation part is The operation line is operated, and the straight line connecting the centers of the two illumination windows located on both sides of the observation window of the observation part and the straight line connecting the center of the observation window of the observation part and the center of the operation line cross. 6. The endoscope according to claim 5, wherein the operating wire is formed of a linear member, extends from the base end side of the insertion portion, and is connected to the observation portion, The operation wire advances and retreats in the longitudinal direction of the insertion part to switch the focus of the observation part. 7. A kind of endoscope according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the front end of described linear component is arranged between the air supply and water supply pipeline and the signal line, wherein, this air supply and water supply pipeline is connected from the The base end side of the insertion part is extended to be connected to the base end part of the nozzle, and the signal line is extended from the base end side of the insertion part to be connected to the observation part.