CN107544004A - A kind of detection means of building body interior insulation electric wire broken skin damage - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置，包括依序连接的热刺激电流传感器、信号检测及放大电路、单片机和报警电路。热刺激电流传感器探测建筑体内破皮电线裸露处的热辐射能量并转换成相应的模拟电信号，经信号检测及放大电路将模拟电信号放大及滤波处理后转换成数字信号，进入单片机中对数字信号进行数值计算并与预设阈值比较，且在判定数字信号数值计算后所得值大于预设阈值时，输出报警信号给报警电路发出报警信息。实施本发明，省时省力，且能精准测出墙内输电导线破皮损伤的位置。
The invention provides a detection device for skin damage of insulated wires in a building, which comprises a thermal stimulation current sensor, a signal detection and amplification circuit, a single chip microcomputer and an alarm circuit connected in sequence. The thermal stimulation current sensor detects the thermal radiation energy of the exposed part of the broken wire in the building and converts it into a corresponding analog electrical signal. After the signal detection and amplification circuit, the analog electrical signal is amplified and filtered and converted into a digital signal, which enters the single-chip microcomputer for digital processing. The signal is numerically calculated and compared with the preset threshold, and when it is judged that the calculated value of the digital signal is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm signal is output to the alarm circuit to send an alarm message. The implementation of the present invention saves time and labor, and can accurately measure the position of the broken skin of the power transmission wire in the wall.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及建筑检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置。The invention relates to the technical field of building detection, in particular to a detection device for skin damage of insulated wires inside a building.
背景技术Background technique
人们为了美观，通常在各种建筑体内把塑料绝缘电线埋在墙内用于电器设备电能的传输。然而，塑料绝缘电线长时间使用后，塑料会老化龟裂，绝缘水平大大降低，当线路过载或短路时，更易加速绝缘的损坏。如果有破皮裸露的电线在建筑体内，在墙体受潮和各种腐蚀的作用下，裸露部分逐渐损伤，最后断裂。并且破皮裸露的电线会引起大面积漏电，危及人身安全，大电流时还可能会引起火灾，造成巨大的经济损失。因此，设计一个简便的输电导线破皮损伤检测装置对提高建筑物的安全性和可靠性具有重要的意义。For the sake of appearance, people usually bury plastic insulated wires in walls for the transmission of electric energy of electrical equipment in various buildings. However, after long-term use of plastic insulated wires, the plastic will age and crack, and the insulation level will be greatly reduced. When the line is overloaded or short-circuited, it is easier to accelerate the damage of the insulation. If there are broken and exposed wires in the building, the exposed parts will be gradually damaged and finally broken under the action of damp and various corrosion on the wall. Moreover, the broken and exposed wires will cause large-scale leakage, endangering personal safety, and may cause fires when the current is high, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a simple and convenient transmission wire skin damage detection device to improve the safety and reliability of buildings.
目前，常用的检测方法就是断电，并断开所有负载，再用兆欧表测量线芯和墙之间的绝缘电阻来判断输电导线破皮损伤，但该方法费时费力，而且无法测出墙内输电导线破皮损伤的位置。At present, the commonly used detection method is to cut off the power and disconnect all loads, and then use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between the wire core and the wall to judge the damage of the transmission wire. However, this method is time-consuming and laborious, and it cannot be detected The position where the internal transmission wire is broken and damaged.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺点与不足，提供一种建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置，省时省力，且能精准测出墙内输电导线破皮损伤的位置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a detection device for skin damage of insulated wires in buildings, which saves time and effort, and can accurately detect the location of damage to the wires in the wall.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供了一种建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置，包括依序连接的热刺激电流传感器、信号检测及放大电路、单片机和报警电路；其中，In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a detection device for skin damage of insulated wires in a building, including a thermal stimulation current sensor, a signal detection and amplification circuit, a single-chip microcomputer and an alarm circuit connected in sequence; wherein,
所述热刺激电流传感器，用于探测建筑体内破皮电线裸露处的热辐射能量并转换成相应的模拟电信号；The thermal stimulation current sensor is used to detect the thermal radiation energy at the exposed part of the broken wire in the building and convert it into a corresponding analog electrical signal;
所述信号检测及放大电路，用于将所述模拟电信号放大及滤波处理后转换成数字信号；The signal detection and amplification circuit is used to amplify and filter the analog electrical signal and convert it into a digital signal;
所述单片机，用于对所述数字信号进行数值计算并与预设阈值比较，且在判定所述数字信号数值计算后所得值大于所述预设阈值时，输出报警信号；The single-chip microcomputer is used to perform numerical calculation on the digital signal and compare it with a preset threshold, and output an alarm signal when it is determined that the calculated value of the digital signal is greater than the preset threshold;
所述报警电路，用于接收所述报警信号并发出报警信息。The alarm circuit is used for receiving the alarm signal and sending out alarm information.
其中，所述信号检测及放大电路包括前置放大电路、二级放大电路、三级放大电路、高通滤波器、低通滤波器和匹配阻抗电路；其中，Wherein, the signal detection and amplifying circuit includes a preamplifying circuit, a secondary amplifying circuit, a tertiary amplifying circuit, a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter and a matching impedance circuit; wherein,
所述前置放大电路的输入端与所述热刺激电流传感器相连，输出端与所述高通滤波器的输入端相连，其由用于一级放大并提高输入阻抗的两个同相并联输入的模拟运算放大器和一个用于差动放大的模拟运算放大器组成；所述前置放大电路用于对所述模拟电信号进行放大并实现共模抑制；The input end of the preamplifier circuit is connected with the thermal stimulation current sensor, and the output end is connected with the input end of the high-pass filter, which is used for one-stage amplification and improves the analog input impedance of two in-phase parallel inputs. The operational amplifier is composed of an analog operational amplifier for differential amplification; the preamplifier circuit is used to amplify the analog electrical signal and realize common mode rejection;
所述高通滤波器的输出端与所述二级放大电路的输入端相连，其包括滤波电容和两个串接的模拟运算放大器组成；所述高通滤波器用于隔离随所述模拟电信号进入的来自外界热辐射产生的电压信号；The output end of the high-pass filter is connected to the input end of the secondary amplifying circuit, which comprises a filter capacitor and two analog operational amplifiers connected in series; the high-pass filter is used to isolate the Voltage signal from external heat radiation;
所述二级放大电路的输出端与所述低通滤波器的输入端相连，其由一个同相输入的模拟运算放大器组成；所述二级放大电路用于对所述滤波隔离后的模拟电信号进行二次放大；The output end of the secondary amplifying circuit is connected to the input end of the low-pass filter, which is composed of an analog operational amplifier with non-inverting input; the secondary amplifying circuit is used for filtering and isolating the analog electrical signal Carry out secondary amplification;
所述低通滤波器的输出端与所述三级放大电路的输入端相连，其由二阶滤波电容和两个串接的模拟运算放大器组成；所述低通滤波器用于对所述二次放大的模拟电信号进行高频噪声消除；The output end of the low-pass filter is connected to the input end of the three-stage amplifying circuit, which is composed of a second-order filter capacitor and two series-connected analog operational amplifiers; the low-pass filter is used for the secondary Amplified analog electrical signal for high-frequency noise elimination;
所述三级放大电路的输出端与所述匹配阻抗电路的输入端相连，其由模数转换运算放大器组成；所述三级放大电路用于对所述消除高频噪声的模拟电信号进行放大并转换成相应的数字信号；The output end of the three-stage amplifying circuit is connected to the input end of the matching impedance circuit, which is composed of an analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier; the three-stage amplifying circuit is used to amplify the analog electrical signal for eliminating high-frequency noise and converted into corresponding digital signals;
所述匹配阻抗电路的输出端与所述单片机相连，其由差分运算放大器和晶体管组成；所述匹配阻抗电路用于对所述数字信号的输入和输出时电压大小和相位保持一致。The output end of the matching impedance circuit is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, which is composed of a differential operational amplifier and a transistor; the matching impedance circuit is used to keep the voltage and phase of the input and output of the digital signal consistent.
其中，所述三级放大电路中的模数转换运算放大器采用的型号为AD620。Wherein, the model of the analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier in the three-stage amplifying circuit is AD620.
其中，所述匹配阻抗电路中的差分运算放大器采用的型号为LM324，且所述匹配阻抗电路中的晶体管采用的型号为C9014。Wherein, the model of the differential operational amplifier in the matching impedance circuit is LM324, and the model of the transistor in the matching impedance circuit is C9014.
其中，所述热刺激电流传感器通过Stefan-Boltzmann定律得到建筑体内破皮电线裸露处的热辐射能量，其由光学滤镜、两个热敏电阻、场效应管、偏置电阻和EMI滤波电容形成。Wherein, the thermal stimulation current sensor obtains the thermal radiation energy of the exposed part of the broken skin wire in the building through the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which is formed by an optical filter, two thermistors, a field effect tube, a bias resistor and an EMI filter capacitor .
其中，所述热刺激电流传感器的型号为RD-624。Wherein, the model of the thermal stimulation current sensor is RD-624.
其中，所述单片机采用的型号为STM32F。Wherein, the model adopted by the single-chip microcomputer is STM32F.
其中，所述报警电路为由晶体管和蜂鸣器组成的声音报警电路和/或由LED灯组成的发光报警电路。Wherein, the alarm circuit is a sound alarm circuit composed of a transistor and a buzzer and/or a light alarm circuit composed of LED lights.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点与有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
本发明基于Stefan-Boltzmann定律(斯蒂芬—波尔茨曼定律)，通过探测建筑体内绝缘电线的热辐射信号，并经过信号检测及放大电路的检测、放大、过滤及模数转换后，输入到单片机中进行控制和处理，去驱动报警电路发出报警信息(如蜂鸣器发声和LED灯发光)，从而快速、准确地检测出绝缘电线的破皮损伤位置，且省时省力。The present invention is based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law (Stephen-Boltzmann law), by detecting the heat radiation signal of the insulated wire in the building, and after the detection, amplification, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion of the signal detection and amplification circuit, it is input to the single chip microcomputer Control and process in the center, to drive the alarm circuit to send out alarm information (such as the sound of the buzzer and the light of the LED light), so as to quickly and accurately detect the location of the broken skin of the insulated wire, and save time and effort.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例中提供的建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置的系统结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the detection device for the broken skin of the insulated wire in the building provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为图1中热刺激电流传感器的电路图；Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of thermal stimulation current sensor in Fig. 1;
图3为图1中信号检测及放大电路的系统结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the signal detection and amplification circuit in Fig. 1;
图4为图3中信号检测及放大电路的电路图；Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of signal detection and amplifying circuit in Fig. 3;
图5为图1中单片机的结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the single-chip microcomputer in FIG. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，为本发明实施例中，提出的一种建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测装置，包括依序连接的热刺激电流传感器1、信号检测及放大电路2、单片机3和报警电路4；其中，As shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of detection device of the broken skin damage of the insulated wire in the building that proposes, comprises the thermal stimulation current sensor 1 that connects in sequence, signal detection and amplifying circuit 2, single-chip microcomputer 3 and alarm Circuit 4; where,
热刺激电流传感器1，用于探测建筑体内破皮电线裸露处的热辐射能量并转换成相应的模拟电信号；The thermal stimulation current sensor 1 is used to detect the thermal radiation energy at the exposed part of the broken wire in the building and convert it into a corresponding analog electrical signal;
信号检测及放大电路2，用于将模拟电信号放大及滤波处理后转换成数字信号；The signal detection and amplification circuit 2 is used for amplifying and filtering the analog electrical signal and converting it into a digital signal;
单片机3，用于对数字信号进行数值计算并与预设阈值比较，且在判定数字信号数值计算后所得值大于预设阈值时，输出报警信号；The single-chip microcomputer 3 is used to perform numerical calculation on the digital signal and compare it with a preset threshold, and output an alarm signal when it is determined that the value obtained after the numerical calculation of the digital signal is greater than the preset threshold;
报警电路4，用于接收报警信号并发出报警信息；其中，报警电路4可以为由晶体管和蜂鸣器组成的声音报警电路和/或由LED灯组成的发光报警电路。The alarm circuit 4 is used to receive an alarm signal and send out an alarm message; wherein, the alarm circuit 4 can be a sound alarm circuit composed of a transistor and a buzzer and/or a luminous alarm circuit composed of LED lights.
本发明实施例中，当建筑体内破皮裸露的绝缘电线腐蚀损伤后，其导电金属的截面面积和电阻率将发生变化，引起局部的电阻大幅度地增加(当长度很短时，正常金属导线的电阻约为0)，在电流的作用下产生热辐射，发明通过探测热辐射来检测建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤及位置。设破皮裸露的电线电阻值增量为R，则裸露处消耗的功率为：In the embodiment of the present invention, when the exposed insulated wire in the building is corroded, the cross-sectional area and resistivity of its conductive metal will change, causing a large increase in local resistance (when the length is very short, the normal metal wire The resistance is about 0), and heat radiation is generated under the action of current. The invention detects the damage and position of the insulated wire in the building by detecting the heat radiation. Assuming that the resistance value increment of the exposed wire is R, the power consumed by the exposed area is:
W＝I2·RW=I 2 ·R
式中，W为破皮电线裸露处消耗的功率，I为电线内的电流。则破皮电线裸露处温度T：In the formula, W is the power consumed by the bare wire, and I is the current in the wire. Then the temperature T of the exposed part of the broken wire is:
T＝ξ·WT=ξ·W
式中，ξ为温度系数。根据Stefan-Boltzmann定律，能得出热辐射的能量E：In the formula, ξ is the temperature coefficient. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energy E of thermal radiation can be obtained:
E＝δ·ε·T4 E＝δ·ε·T 4
式中，δ＝5.67051×10-8W/(m2K4)为Stefan-Boltzmann常数；ε为比辐射率，它是物体表面的辐射本领与黑体辐射本领的比值，取ε＝0.06-0.07。In the formula, δ=5.67051×10 -8 W/(m 2 K 4 ) is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant; ε is the specific emissivity, which is the ratio of the radiation power of the object surface to the radiation power of a black body, and ε=0.06-0.07 .
因此，本发明实施例中利用型号为RD-624的热刺激电流传感器1来探测建筑体内破皮电线裸露处的热辐射能量E。该热刺激电流传感器1通过目标与背景的温差来探测目标，其工作原理是利用热释电效应，即在钛酸钡晶体的上、下表面设置电极，在上表面覆以黑色膜，若有热辐射，热辐射的能量E会使其表面温度上升△T，其晶体内部的原子排列将产生变化，引起自发极化电荷，在上下电极之间产生电压信号△U。其中，Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal stimulation current sensor 1 of the model RD-624 is used to detect the thermal radiation energy E at the exposed part of the broken wire in the building. The thermal stimulation current sensor 1 detects the target through the temperature difference between the target and the background. Its working principle is to use the pyroelectric effect, that is, electrodes are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the barium titanate crystal, and the upper surface is covered with a black film. If there is Thermal radiation, the energy E of thermal radiation will increase its surface temperature by △T, and the atomic arrangement inside the crystal will change, causing spontaneous polarization charges, and generating a voltage signal △U between the upper and lower electrodes. in,
RD-624热刺激电流传感器1的相关参数具体如下：The relevant parameters of RD-624 Thermal Stimulation Current Sensor 1 are as follows:
热刺激电流传感器1通常由光学滤镜、两个热敏电阻、场效应管、偏置电阻和EMI滤波电容形成。在一个实施例中，如图2所示，热刺激电流传感器1中的光学滤镜RS1、两个热敏电阻Y1和Y2、场效应管Q1、偏置电阻R9和EMI滤波电容C1。The thermal stimulation current sensor 1 is usually formed by an optical filter, two thermistors, a field effect transistor, a bias resistor and an EMI filter capacitor. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , an optical filter RS1 , two thermistors Y1 and Y2 , a field effect transistor Q1 , a bias resistor R9 and an EMI filter capacitor C1 in the thermal stimulation current sensor 1 .
如图3所示，由于探测到的热辐射产生的电信号比较微弱并且有严重的干扰信号，为了提高采集电信的性能，采用三级放大、二级滤波和一级阻抗匹配电路来设计信号检测及放大电路2，该信号检测及放大电路2包括前置放大电路21、二级放大电路22、三级放大电路23、高通滤波器24、低通滤波器25和匹配阻抗电路26；其中，As shown in Figure 3, since the electrical signal generated by the detected thermal radiation is relatively weak and has serious interference signals, in order to improve the performance of collecting telecommunications, a three-stage amplification, two-stage filter and one-stage impedance matching circuit are used to design signal detection And amplifying circuit 2, this signal detection and amplifying circuit 2 comprise preamplifying circuit 21, secondary amplifying circuit 22, tertiary amplifying circuit 23, high-pass filter 24, low-pass filter 25 and matching impedance circuit 26; Wherein,
前置放大电路21的输入端与热刺激电流传感器1相连，输出端与高通滤波器24的输入端相连，其由用于一级放大并提高输入阻抗的两个同相并联输入的模拟运算放大器和一个用于差动放大的模拟运算放大器组成；前置放大电路21用于对模拟电信号进行放大并实现共模抑制；The input end of the preamplifier circuit 21 is connected with the thermal stimulation current sensor 1, and the output end is connected with the input end of the high-pass filter 24, which is composed of two parallel input analog operational amplifiers and An analog operational amplifier for differential amplification; the preamplifier circuit 21 is used to amplify the analog electrical signal and realize common-mode rejection;
高通滤波器24的输出端与二级放大电路22的输入端相连，其包括滤波电容和两个串接的模拟运算放大器组成；高通滤波器22用于隔离随模拟电信号进入的来自外界热辐射产生的电压信号；The output end of the high-pass filter 24 is connected with the input end of the secondary amplifying circuit 22, which comprises a filter capacitor and two analog operational amplifiers connected in series; the high-pass filter 22 is used to isolate heat radiation from the outside with the analog electrical signal entering Generated voltage signal;
二级放大电路22的输出端与低通滤波器25的输入端相连，其由一个同相输入的模拟运算放大器组成；二级放大电路22用于对滤波隔离后的模拟电信号进行二次放大；The output terminal of the secondary amplifying circuit 22 is connected with the input terminal of the low-pass filter 25, and it is made up of an analog operational amplifier with in-phase input; the secondary amplifying circuit 22 is used for secondary amplification of the analog electrical signal after filtering and isolation;
低通滤波器25的输出端与三级放大电路23的输入端相连，其由二阶滤波电容和两个串接的模拟运算放大器组成；低通滤波器25用于对所述二次放大的模拟电信号进行高频噪声消除；The output end of low-pass filter 25 is connected with the input end of three-stage amplifying circuit 23, and it is made up of second-order filter capacitor and two analog operation amplifiers connected in series; Low-pass filter 25 is used for described secondary amplification Analog electrical signal for high frequency noise elimination;
三级放大电路23的输出端与匹配阻抗电路26的输入端相连，其由模数转换运算放大器组成；三级放大电路23用于对消除高频噪声的模拟电信号进行放大并转换成相应的数字信号；The output end of the three-stage amplifying circuit 23 is connected with the input end of the matching impedance circuit 26, and it is made up of analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier; The three-stage amplifying circuit 23 is used for amplifying and converting the analog electrical signal that eliminates high-frequency noise into a corresponding Digital signal;
匹配阻抗电路26的输出端与单片机3相连，其由差分运算放大器和晶体管组成；匹配阻抗电路26用于对数字信号的输入和输出时电压大小和相位保持一致。The output terminal of the matching impedance circuit 26 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 3, which is composed of a differential operational amplifier and a transistor; the matching impedance circuit 26 is used to keep the voltage and phase consistent when inputting and outputting digital signals.
在本发明实施例中，三级放大电路25中的模数转换运算放大器采用的型号为AD620；匹配阻抗电路26中的差分运算放大器采用的型号为LM324，且匹配阻抗电路26中的晶体管采用的型号为C9014。In the embodiment of the present invention, the model adopted by the analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier in the three-stage amplifying circuit 25 is AD620; the model adopted by the differential operational amplifier in the matching impedance circuit 26 is LM324, and the transistor in the matching impedance circuit 26 adopts The model number is C9014.
在一个实施例中，如图4所示，三级放大、二级滤波和一级阻抗匹配具体如下：In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , three stages of amplification, two stages of filtering and one stage of impedance matching are specifically as follows:
(1)前置放大：由于建筑体内采集的热辐射产生的模拟电信号具有不稳定性和非线性特征，并属于微弱电信号，幅值范围为40uV到400uV，共模干扰会对该模拟电信号的检测造成严重的影响，因此前置放大电路21采用3个模拟运算放大器构成，形成较高的共模抑制比(一般应在100dB以上)；其中两个个模拟运算放大器组成同相并联输入第一级放大，以提高放大器的输入阻抗；而另一个模拟运算放大器为差动放大，作为第二级放大，其共模抑制比取决于前两个模拟运算放大器共模抑制比的对称程度、差动放大器的闭环增益以及电阻的匹配精度等；(1) Pre-amplification: The analog electrical signal generated by the thermal radiation collected in the building has instability and nonlinear characteristics, and is a weak electrical signal with an amplitude range of 40uV to 400uV. Common-mode interference will affect the analog electrical signal. The detection of signal causes serious influence, so preamplifier circuit 21 adopts 3 analog operation amplifiers to form, forms higher common-mode rejection ratio (generally should be more than 100dB); One-stage amplification to increase the input impedance of the amplifier; while the other analog operational amplifier is a differential amplifier, as the second-stage amplification, its common-mode rejection ratio depends on the symmetry and difference of the common-mode rejection ratio of the first two analog operational amplifiers. The closed-loop gain of the dynamic amplifier and the matching accuracy of the resistance, etc.;
(2)二级放大：为了获得与输入电信号相同极性的输出，满足高输入阻抗的要求，使用同相输入的模拟运算放大器作为第二级放大器，根据公式Avf＝1+Rf/R1，取Rl＝1KΩ，R2＝51KΩ，R3＝3.5MΩ；(2) Two-stage amplification: In order to obtain an output with the same polarity as the input electrical signal and meet the requirements of high input impedance, an analog operational amplifier with non-inverting input is used as the second-stage amplifier. According to the formula A vf = 1+R f /R 1 , take R l =1KΩ, R 2 =51KΩ, R 3 =3.5MΩ;
(3)三级放大：三级放大电路23中的模数转换运算放大器U9采用型号为AD620对信号进行放大。由于AD620其输入级采用Superβeta处理，因此可以实现最大1.0nA的低输入偏置电流。AD620在1kHz时具有9nV/Hz的低输入电压噪声，在0.1Hz至10Hz频带内的噪声为0.28μV峰峰值，输入电流噪声为0.1pA/Hz，因而作为放大器使用效果很好。同时，AD620的0.01％建立时间为15μs，而且成本低、低功耗；(3) Three-stage amplification: the analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier U9 in the three-stage amplifying circuit 23 uses a model of AD620 to amplify the signal. Because its input stage of AD620 adopts Superβeta processing, it can realize the low input bias current of maximum 1.0nA. AD620 has a low input voltage noise of 9nV/Hz at 1kHz, a noise of 0.28μV peak-to-peak in the frequency band of 0.1Hz to 10Hz, and an input current noise of 0.1pA/Hz, so it works well as an amplifier. At the same time, the 0.01% settling time of AD620 is 15μs, and it has low cost and low power consumption;
(4)一级滤波：为了消除外界热辐射信号产生的干扰，设计了高通滤波器24，将无源RC高通滤波作为高通滤波器，放在前置放大电路21与二级放大电路22之间，用于隔离来自外界热辐射产生的电压信号，消除其干扰，截止频率为20HZ；(4) Primary filter: In order to eliminate the interference produced by external thermal radiation signals, a high-pass filter 24 is designed, and the passive RC high-pass filter is used as a high-pass filter, which is placed between the preamplifier circuit 21 and the secondary amplifier circuit 22 , used to isolate the voltage signal generated by external heat radiation and eliminate its interference, the cut-off frequency is 20HZ;
(5)二级滤波：由于热辐射产生的电信号频率的范围基本上都在100HZ以内，所以设计了BUTTERWORTH低通滤波器。将BUTTERWORTH低通滤波器放在第二级放大电路之后，消除高频噪声。根据设计的需要，滤波器的截止频率为100Hz左右，在160Hz频率处的放大系数小于等于148dB，根据滤波阶数公式得出n＝4，需要两阶滤波器级联来生成转移函数；(5) Secondary filtering: Since the frequency range of electrical signals generated by thermal radiation is basically within 100HZ, a BUTTERWORTH low-pass filter is designed. Place the BUTTERWORTH low-pass filter after the second-stage amplifier circuit to eliminate high-frequency noise. According to the needs of the design, the cutoff frequency of the filter is about 100Hz, and the amplification factor at the frequency of 160Hz is less than or equal to 148dB. According to the filter order formula, n=4, and two-order filter cascading is required to generate the transfer function;
(6)一级阻抗匹配：由于将三级放大电路23中的模数转换运算放大器AD620放大后的数字信号输出具有高阻特性，为了达到阻抗匹配，在单片机3的I/O口的前级电路采用型号为LM324的差分运算放大器U10A和型号为C9014的晶体管Q2形成一个缓冲隔离电路，它具有输入高阻抗，输出低阻抗的特性，使电路前后级阻抗匹配，同时使输入电压与输出电压大小和相位保持一致。(6) One-stage impedance matching: due to the digital signal output after the amplified analog-to-digital conversion operational amplifier AD620 in the three-stage amplifying circuit 23 has a high-impedance characteristic, in order to achieve impedance matching, in the front stage of the I/O port of the single-chip microcomputer 3 The circuit adopts the differential operational amplifier U10A of model LM324 and the transistor Q2 of model C9014 to form a buffer isolation circuit, which has the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance, so that the impedance of the front and rear stages of the circuit can be matched, and the input voltage and output voltage can be adjusted simultaneously. consistent with the phase.
如图5所示，本发明实施例中的单片机3采用的型号为STM32F，该STM32F作为检测的控制核心，实现建筑体内绝缘电线破皮损伤的检测，控制电路的功能包括：对由热刺激电流传感器采集到的热辐射电信号进行处理和实现检测结果的报警或显示，控制蜂鸣器电路和LED显示电路。As shown in Fig. 5, the model that the single-chip microcomputer 3 in the embodiment of the present invention adopts is STM32F, and this STM32F is as the control core of detection, realizes the detection of the broken skin damage of insulated wires in the building, and the function of control circuit includes: The thermal radiation electrical signal collected by the sensor is processed and the alarm or display of the detection result is realized, and the buzzer circuit and the LED display circuit are controlled.
例如STM32F PB口中的PB10，PB11，PB12分别用于探测热辐射信号的接收端口，PB13用于控制蜂鸣器，PB9和PC13用于控制LED灯。For example, PB10, PB11, and PB12 in the STM32F PB port are used to detect the receiving port of the thermal radiation signal, PB13 is used to control the buzzer, and PB9 and PC13 are used to control the LED lights.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点与有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
本发明基于Stefan-Boltzmann定律，通过探测建筑体内绝缘电线的热辐射信号，并经过信号检测及放大电路的检测、放大、过滤及模数转换后，输入到单片机中进行控制和处理，去驱动报警电路发出报警信息(如蜂鸣器发声和LED灯发光)，从而快速、准确地检测出绝缘电线的破皮损伤位置，且省时省力。The present invention is based on the Stefan-Boltzmann law, by detecting the thermal radiation signal of the insulated wire in the building, and after signal detection and amplification circuit detection, amplification, filtering and analog-to-digital conversion, it is input into the single-chip microcomputer for control and processing to drive the alarm The circuit sends out an alarm message (such as a buzzer sound and an LED light), so as to quickly and accurately detect the location of the broken skin of the insulated wire, and save time and effort.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，所述的存储介质，如ROM/RAM、磁盘、光盘等。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage Media such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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Application publication date: 20180105 Assignee: HUIZHI INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2021330000824 Denomination of invention: A detection device for skin damage of insulated wires in buildings Granted publication date: 20190628 License type: Common License Record date: 20211220 |