CN1075015A - 铁电液晶显示器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种提高了其两种开关状态对比
度的,表面或电场稳定的铁电液晶(SSFLC)装置。
该装置包括夹持在两玻璃壁(2,3)之间的,通常为1
至5μm厚的层列液晶材料,例如层列C相的薄层
(7)所形成的液晶单元,玻璃壁的内表面有电极(5,
6)。偏振器(8,9)装在夹壁(2,3)的两侧面。通过施
加单一方向的电压脉冲,可同时施加或不加αc偏置
电压使装置在两种双稳状态之间转换。为了获得最
佳对比度CR,使偏振片光轴转动偏离正交(直角位
置),例如转+/-20°,而液晶单元在偏振片(8,9)之
间转动;准确的最佳转动与材料及αc偏置电压有
关。
Description
本发明涉及铁电液晶显示器,特别是一种提高了反差比率的显示器。
液晶显示器是人们所熟知的。它们一般包含一个由夹持在两块玻璃夹壁之间的液晶材料薄层而形成的液晶单元。这些夹壁装有透明电极,用来施加通过液晶层的电场以使得液晶材料的分子转动。在许多显示器中,液晶分子取两种排列状态之一,其中一种是开压状态而另一种是加压状态。通过处在一种状态的液晶材料的区域相对于另一状态区域的反差来显示出信息。人们熟知的显示就是一种产生在一夹壁上的列电极与另一夹壁上的行电极交点上的象素或显示单元的阵列。这种显示方式是通过对逐个的行和列电极施加电压以多路传输方式寻址的。另一种显示类型是一种以直接驱动方式寻址的光闸。
液晶材料有三种基本类型,即向列型的,胆甾型的,和层列型的,它们各有不同的分子排列。
本发明涉及铁电层列液晶材料。采用这种材料的器件形成了表面稳定的铁电液晶(FLC)装置。这种装置能呈现出双稳性,即是说,这种液晶分子,更准确地说是分子定向元,由正和负的电压脉冲而开关后取两种排列状态之一,而消除电压之后仍保持该开关状态的取向。这种特点与表面排列性能有关。某些形式的表面排列将形成一种装置,在这种装置中,电压消除之后仍保持该开关状态。而另一种表面排列状态将形成一种装置,其中,电压消除后其状态可能发生随机衰变。开关状态可以通过加αc偏压来稳定。所得到的实际状态可能随所呈现的αc偏压的幅度而变。αc偏压可以由一多路装置中的数据(列)电压提供。这种性能,与快速开关速度结合起来,使FLC装置适于作为有大量象素或显示基元的大型显示器。这样的铁电显示器被描述在,例如,NA Clark和ST Lagerwall的文章,(Applied Physics Letters V.36,No.11,pp889-961,6月,1980);GB-2,166,256-A;US-4,367,924;US-4,563,059;GB-2,209,610[Bradshaw和Raynes];R B Meyer等的文章,(J.Phys Lett36,L69,1975)。
通过将液晶管装在两块正交的偏振片之间而使两种开关状态成为可见的。偏振片之一与开关方向之一近似平行。这可从GB2,209,610中看到。
为了提高装置的可读性和装置的实用性,所有的装置设计师都力图使两种开关状态之间有最大的对比度。本发明改善了现有FLC装置的对比度。
按照本发明,铁电液晶装置的两种开关状态之间的对比度是通过将偏振片从正交状态转动以获得最高的对比而加以改善的。
按照本发明的铁电液晶显示器包含一个在两片管壁之间安装有铁电液晶材料层的液晶单元,管壁上带有电极结构而表面处理成使液晶材料定向排列,并包括两块装在管壁的两侧面上的偏振片,其特征是两偏振片偏离正交(90°)安装,而液晶单元在两偏振片之间转动以获得最佳对比度,这样的安排使得显示器的两种开关状态之间的对比度比率达到最佳状态。
两片偏振片可以偏离正交状态达45°,最好达20°。偏振片可以是无色的,也可以是有色的。
可以转动液晶单元以便使其两种开关状态在偏振片光轴之间成对称。
可将一全反射或部分反射器安装在显示器后面以便可通过反射观察到显示内容。
该液晶材料可以是一种非手性或手性层列相的,例如SC *或SI *。材料的开关特性,即相对于电压曲线的脉冲宽度时间可为最小值,例如,像在WO-89/05025所指出的那样,或如传统材料那样,相对于电压曲线的脉冲宽度近似为线性。
电极结构最好排列成在一管壁上为X行,而在另一管壁上为Y列以形成一可寻址单元的X、Y矩阵。
该X、Y显示器由驱动电路所施加的电压波形定址。显示器工作期间,可对电极旋加一定量的αc偏压以进一步提高对比度比率。另外,还可以改变αc偏压的频率来提高对比度(CR)。
现在参照附图,仅以实施例方式,对本发明的一种形式进行说明。其中:
图1,2是液晶显示器的平面和断面图;
图3是表示微层排列的山形形式的液晶材料的透视示意图;
图4是图3放大的部分断面示意图,表示具有山形结构的数种可能的定向分布之一;
图5说明在已有技术的装置中在两种开关状态中液晶定向元的排列和偏振片排列之间的关系;
图6是相对于图5的偏振器的排列及定向元的排列的透过曲线;
图7、8、9是三种不同材料在不同的AC偏压时相对于偏振角的对比度曲线。
以下对最佳实施例进行说明:
图1,2所示的液晶单元1包含二块玻璃夹壁2,3,它们由隔离环4和/或分布垫片分开约1至6μm的距离。在两块夹壁内表面上形成透明的氧化锡电极5,6。这些电极可以成传统的行和列形状,成七段,或一种r-o显示器。液晶材料层7包含在夹壁2,3和隔离环4之间。偏振片8,9装在液晶单元1的前面和后面。各偏振片的光轴排列在后面讨论。一个d.c.电压源10通过控制逻辑电路11对与电极结构5,6用导线14,15连接起来的驱动电路12,13供电。
该装置可以在透射或反射的形式下工作。在前一种形式中,由钨丝泡16发出的光通过该装置而有选择地透过或被挡住以形成所要求的显示图案。在反射形式中,反射镜17放在第二偏振片9后面以将背景光反射回来通过单元1和两片偏振片。使反射镜17为部分反射,则装置既可工作在透射形式也可以反射形式工作。
在装配前,夹壁2,3表面以离心涂镀方法涂上一层聚合物,例如聚酰氨或聚酰亚氨薄层,干燥并进行适当固化。然后用一软布(例如人造丝)沿单一方向R1,R2摩擦。这种已知的处理方法为液晶分子提供了一个排列的表面。这些分子(如在层列相中测量那样)沿着摩擦方向R1,R2排列成行并按照所用聚合物及随后的处理方法而与表面约成0至15°角;这可见S Kuniyasu等人在Japanese J of Applied Physics V.27.NO.5,5月,1988,pp827-829的文章。另外,表面排列可以通过已知的方法将一氧化硅倾斜蒸镀在管壁上来得到。
表面排列处理对邻近的液晶材料分子提供了一个紧固力。管壁之间,分子受到所用材料的弹性力约束。材料本身形成了如图3和4所示的互相平行的宏观薄层20,图3和4所示的是许多可能结构的具体例子。Sc相成倾斜状态,其中定向元与薄层垂线成一定角度,因此,各个分子定向元21可以假想为沿着一个锥面放置,锥体位置随着液层厚度而改变,因此各个厚层20呈山形状态。
考虑到靠近层心的材料,分子定向元21近似地处在该层的平面中。施加一适当极性的dc电压脉冲就会使定向元沿锥面移动到锥体的相反侧面。该锥体表面上的两个位置D1,D2代表3液晶定向元的两个稳定状态,就是说,在所施加的电压撤离时材料就保持在这两种位置D1,D2之一上。
在实际显示器中定向元可能背离这些理想位置。通常的作法是当信息显示时始终对材料施加一αc偏压。这种αc偏压有移动定向元的作用并能够改善显示外观。αc偏压的作用在诸如Proc 4th IDRC 1984pp217-220中有说明。采用αc偏压显示器的寻址方案被描述在,例如GB No 87,26996专利申请,PCT/GB88,01004。WO89/05025(JR Hughes),GB专利申请No 90,17316.2,PCT/GB91/01263,WO92/02925(JR Hughes和EP Raynes)中。αc偏压的电位可以和偏振片及液晶管转动结合起来而改变以进一步增加CR值。
为了获得最大的对比度,希望使表观锥角加倍,或是两种开关状态中定向元之间的角度约为45°左右。这将参照附图5、6进行说明。如在图5中看到的,偏振片之一与两个定向元位置之一D1平行对准,即沿着X轴。另一定向元位置为D2。第二偏振片与第一偏振片垂直排列,即沿着Y轴。如图6所示的,当定向元D2与D1成45°时产生最大的透射。已有技术显示器采用正交的偏振片,即两偏振片的光轴彼此成90°。
本发明采用了一种不同的偏振片的安排方式,如图7所示。对比度(CR),即在两种不同状态中的光透射之间的比率,相对于沿X轴所描绘的两偏振片8,9之间的角度位置描绘在Y轴上。使偏振器8,9处在60°至120°范围内的不同角度而转动液晶单元以获得最大对比度。在0.5和10伏的αc偏压值上对不同偏振角划出最大CR值。可以看出,CR值随偏振片角位置有较大的变化。在图7中,当偏振片约成85°时对各个αc偏压值产生不同的最大CR。转动液晶单元1使得两种开关方向D1,D2近似等于偏振片8,9光轴之间分开的角度,即R将偏振方向之间角度二等分。图7的装置有产品号为Merck 5014-000的材料,成2μm厚层,用聚酰亚氨作表面定向处理。用叠加有25KHz的αc方波的有交替极性和100∶1占空系数的单极脉冲在两种光学状态之间对液晶单元作反复开关以进行测量。这种测量模拟着多路条件下的情况。在垂直入射情况下采用白光和一块视觉响应滤光片来测量对比度。结果,在宽的波长范围上获得了CR的改善。
表1
材料E Merck ZLI5014-000成2μm厚层,聚酰亚胺表面排列:
例:
ac偏压 带90°偏振 CR 偏振角(°) CR增益
伏rms 片的CR
0 46 62 83 1.3
10 86 115 85 1.3
15 135 170 85 1.2
图8表示采用与图7相同的驱动条件,不同材料,在三种不同αc偏压值情况下,对比度随偏振角的变化。精确的角度最大值随αc偏压而变。当αc偏压较小时最佳偏振角约为110°,而对于10伏的αc偏压则约为102°。
图9表示材料BDH-SCE9的CR随偏振角的变化。更详细说明示于表3中。
表2
材料E Merck BDH 835,成2μm厚层,聚酰亚胺表面排列:
ac偏压 CR CR 偏振角(°) CR增益
伏rms (90°)
0 14.5 27 110 1.8
5 16.5 33.5 110 2.0
10 60 92 102.5 1.5
表3
材料E Merck BDH SCE9,成1.9μm厚层,具有聚酰亚胺表面排列:
ac偏压 CR CR 偏振角(°) CR增益
伏rms (90°)
0 5.2 8.9 120° 1.7
10 3.3 5.6 120° 1.7
材料Merck ZLI5014-000在20℃时有-2.9nc/cm2的自发极化。
材料Merck Ltd BDH835在30℃时有约为5nc/cm2的自发极化。
材料Merck Ltd BDHSCE9在30℃时有28nc/cm2的自发极化。
上面提到的液晶单元的D1和D2之夹角是:一材料5014-000为36°;材料BDH835为40.3°;它们是在50Hz的+/-5伏电压下进行测量的。
另一种合适的材料是BDH-SCE8。
上述例子是铁电层列C相液晶材料,其它铁电液晶材料,例如层列I相也可采用。
Claims (9)
1、一种能够由电转换成两种对比显示状态的铁电液晶显示器,包括一个液晶单元和装在该单元两侧面的两块偏振片(8,9),该液晶单元由在两管壁(2,3)之间装上一种铁电液晶材料层(7)构成,而两管壁上都带有电极结构(5,6),且表面经处理以使液晶分子排列,其特征在于:两偏振片(8,9)偏离正交(90°)状态安装,而液晶单元在偏振片(8,9)之间转动以获得最佳对比度,这样的安排使得显示器的两种开关状态之间的对比度达最佳状态。
2、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于电极(5,6)按X列电极(5)装在一夹壁(2)上而按Y行电极(6)装在另一夹壁(3)上以构成可寻址基元的X、Y阵列。
3、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于还包括有驱动电路(12,13),用来对电极结构(5,6)施加寻址电压波。
4、按权利要求3的显示器,其特征在于还包括有用来施加可变的αc偏压以进一步提高对比度的装置(10,11,12,13)。
5、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于偏振片(8、9)的光轴间夹角大于45°而小于135°。
6、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于偏振片(8,9)光轴之间夹角大于70°而小于110°。
7、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于转动液晶单元(1)以便得它的两种开关状态的分子朝向(D1,D2)在偏振片(8,9)光轴之间呈对称。
8、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于液晶管壁(2,3)表面用一种聚酰亚胺材料进行摩擦处理。
9、按权利要求1的显示器,其特征在于其中的液晶材料是一种层列C相材料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919127316A GB9127316D0 (en) | 1991-12-23 | 1991-12-23 | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display device(improved contrast) |
| GB9127316.9 | 1991-12-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1075015A true CN1075015A (zh) | 1993-08-04 |
| CN1039365C CN1039365C (zh) | 1998-07-29 |
Family
ID=10706767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92115385A Expired - Fee Related CN1039365C (zh) | 1991-12-23 | 1992-12-22 | 铁电液晶显示器 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5638143A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0619030A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH07502605A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100258535B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1039365C (zh) |
| GB (2) | GB9127316D0 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW352164U (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1993013450A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0739498A1 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-10-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device and display panel |
| WO1997037270A1 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-09 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
| EP0844293B1 (de) * | 1996-11-21 | 2002-01-16 | Rolic AG | Bistabile ferroelektrische Flüssigkristallzelle |
| GB0319269D0 (en) * | 2003-08-16 | 2003-09-17 | Davey Anthony B | Bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal devices using siloxane oligomers |
| USD566746S1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-15 | Jay-Y Enterprise Co., Inc. | Eyeglasses |
| USD584334S1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-01-06 | Jay-Y Enterprise Co., Inc. | Eyeglasses |
| USD548769S1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-08-14 | Jay-Y Enterprises, Inc. | Eyeglasses |
| USD545350S1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-06-26 | Jay-Y Enterprises, Inc. | Eyeglasses |
| USD584333S1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-01-06 | Jay-Y Enterprise Co., Inc. | Eyeglasses |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2511798A1 (fr) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-02-25 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif de visualisation a cristal liquide smectique |
| US4655561A (en) * | 1983-04-19 | 1987-04-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of driving optical modulation device using ferroelectric liquid crystal |
| US4715688A (en) * | 1984-07-04 | 1987-12-29 | Seiko Instruments Inc. | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display device having an A.C. holding voltage |
| JPS6167832A (ja) * | 1984-09-12 | 1986-04-08 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子 |
| GB8608116D0 (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1986-05-08 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal devices |
| US5082352A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1992-01-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal apparatus |
| US5168381A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1992-12-01 | University Research Corporation | Smectic liquid crystal devices using SSFLC and electroclinic effect based cells |
-
1991
- 1991-12-23 GB GB919127316A patent/GB9127316D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-12-21 GB GB9410897A patent/GB2278457B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-21 US US08/244,935 patent/US5638143A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-21 WO PCT/GB1992/002368 patent/WO1993013450A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-12-21 JP JP5511268A patent/JPH07502605A/ja active Pending
- 1992-12-21 KR KR1019940702168A patent/KR100258535B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-21 EP EP93900319A patent/EP0619030A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-12-22 CN CN92115385A patent/CN1039365C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-08 TW TW085215985U patent/TW352164U/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW352164U (en) | 1999-02-01 |
| KR100258535B1 (ko) | 2000-06-15 |
| GB2278457A (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| CN1039365C (zh) | 1998-07-29 |
| GB9410897D0 (en) | 1994-07-20 |
| WO1993013450A1 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
| JPH07502605A (ja) | 1995-03-16 |
| US5638143A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
| EP0619030A1 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
| GB9127316D0 (en) | 1992-02-19 |
| KR940704011A (ko) | 1994-12-12 |
| GB2278457B (en) | 1995-10-25 |
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