CN1074240C - Corn harvester, its front harvesting bench and its machine set for joint job of harvest and cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a corn harvester and its front-mounted header and harvesting and farming combined operation unit, belonging to harvesting machinery. The rear throat of the harvester is equipped with a vertical shaft reel and a horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism. The main machine of the corn harvester is hung with a horizontal vertical grain-collecting header in front, and a lateral vertical conveying and lifting mechanism on the side, and ear and straw processing devices are installed on the frame behind it. It can be installed in the state of whole stalk laying or straw crushing and returning to the field or recycling or silage corn processing. To adapt to the change of row spacing, a set of ear picking mechanism handles multiple rows, which can reduce losses and improve reliability. It has a simple structure, light weight, reduces power consumption, and solves the balance problem without clearing the way.

Description

A corn harvester and its front-mounted header and harvesting and farming combined operation unit

The invention relates to a corn harvesting device, in particular to a front-mounted header, a corn harvester and a combined harvesting and farming operation unit thereof, belonging to harvesting machinery.

my country's maize planting area is very large, second only to wheat, ranking second in the world. With the acceleration of agricultural mechanization, the problem of corn harvest is becoming more and more urgent. Because corn harvesting has the characteristics of the three-dimensional space state that tall crops enter the machine longitudinally along the advancing direction, it brings many difficulties to the general arrangement of machine design. Almost all the prototypes at home and abroad adopt the principle of picking ear first and then conveying, and each row is equipped with a set of ear picking device and transmission gearbox, resulting in complex machine structure, heavy weight, forward center of gravity and difficult to solve unit balance problems. Picking ears first and then concentrating, conveying, and lifting result in long running distance and complex state of ears, and mechanical collision, shearing, extrusion and friction are inevitable, which are the root causes of mechanical losses. And therefore contain the raising of machine operating speed. Most of the structure of the whole corn harvester revolves around how to handle the plucked ears. Therefore, it is also the reason for the long transmission chain of the whole machine, many failures and poor reliability. Secondly, in recent years, the demand for returning straw to the field has become increasingly urgent. Some domestic prototypes have also added straw returning devices. However, many prototypes, especially multi-row machines, are solved by adding additional straw returning machines. Like this, increased the weight of unit and power consumption. Originally, a large tractor alone drives more than two rows of corn harvesters or straw returning machines to work at close to full load. It seems insufficient power to add straw to the field at the same time as harvesting. Due to differences in natural conditions, climate, soil moisture, and planting habits, the row spacing is different between the north and the south, between provinces, in different regions within the province, and even in adjacent plots. In some areas, intercropping and interplanting are practiced, so-called dense and sparse, large and small ridges, and the row spacing between rows is different. Facing this reality, existing corn harvesters are all helpless and unable to work, which is called "fatal obstacle" by people. Have again, crop stubble root is the perennial difficult problem that influences cultivation quality always, also should preferably be solved while crops are harvested. In addition, there are different requirements for the treatment of straw in use. In addition to chopping straw and returning it to the field, some straw must be recycled as feed after chopping, or the straw does not need to be chopped, but should be laid on the spot, and Pick ears, chop the whole plant for silage, etc. Existing prototypes cannot be made from one machine to meet different requirements by replacing parts.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of front type header of the corn harvester that shortens the longitudinal length of the machine, simplifies the structure, and does not need to clear the way for the deficiencies in the prior art.

The object of the present invention is also to provide a front-mounted header of a corn harvester that adapts to row spacing changes on the basis of the above-mentioned structure of the component.

The object of the present invention is also to provide the front header of the corn harvester that can remove stubble on the basis of the above-mentioned structure of the part.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn harvester product that adopts a front-mounted header, cuts the stalks first and then transports them at the same time, and completes multi-row corn harvesting operations by a set of ear processing device and straw processing device.

The purpose of the present invention also provides on the basis of the above-mentioned structure of the machine the harvesting of corn in the state of dumping into the ear box after picking ears or picking ears, peeling and entering the ear box tipping buckets or picking ears, threshing and cleaning and entering the warehouse. machine.

The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a corn harvester product in the state of keeping the straw and laying it on the spot or crushing the straw and returning it to the field or collecting and utilizing the chopped straw or burying the chopped straw.

The object of the present invention is also to provide a corn harvester product suitable for silage corn harvesting and processing on the basis of the above-mentioned structure of the machine.

The object of the present invention is to provide a combination operation unit for harvesting and cultivating land.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following measures:

Corn harvester front-mounted header, including main beam, grain divider, cutting device, vertical shaft reel and horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism, the rear of two adjacent grain dividers is a cutting device and is equipped with a dial or The vertical shaft reel with teeth is followed by a horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism. The horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism includes the upper grain conveying chain and the corresponding grain retaining parts or segmented chains on the front side, and the lower grain conveying chain. And the baffle plate corresponding to the front side corresponding grain retaining piece or segmented chain and the lower part which is flush with the cutting device, the said reeling conveyor chain can be equipped with a supporting plate and a spring for applying a clamping force at the back. The cutting device can be disc, double disc, scissors, reciprocating, band saw or chain saw. Grain divider, cutting device, vertical shaft reel and horizontal vertical grain collecting conveying mechanism are installed on the main beam.

In order to adapt to the change of row spacing, the width of two adjacent grain dividers at the cutting place is greater than 15 cm, and the row spacing is less than 40 cm, so the number of rows should be increased accordingly. The vertical shaft reel can also be fixed on the main beam by clips, and its fixed position can be adjusted step by step or steplessly, or a row spacing adjustment mechanism can be installed between the rows, and the row spacing adjustment mechanism can be a hydraulic cylinder or a rack and pinion or a wire. Bar nut.

In order to solve the problem of stubble removal, a vertical milling stubble removal part is installed on the extension shaft at the lower end of the vertical shaft reel. The stubble removal part includes a stubble removal knife holder and a stubble removal knife.

The corn harvester that cuts the stalk first and then conveys the multi-row corn harvesting is completed by a set of ear processing and straw processing mechanism, including the main machine, the front header, the lateral vertical conveying and lifting device, the ear processing device, the straw processing device and the frame , the front side of the host hangs a front-mounted header including a horizontal vertical grain-collecting conveying mechanism. The front-mounted header can be directly connected with the ear processing device and the straw processing device, and the lateral vertical conveying and lifting device can be very short, that is, The ear processing device and straw processing device are installed on the side or back of the front-mounted harvesting platform, and the front of the lateral vertical conveying and lifting device is connected with the horizontal and vertical grain-collecting conveying mechanism of the header or the horizontal vertical grain-collecting conveying mechanism. Continuing, passing through the side of the main machine, it is connected with the ear processing device and the straw processing device fixed on the frame suspended at the back of the main machine. The lateral vertical conveying and lifting device is low in the front and high in the rear, including the side down reel chain, the side up reel chain, and the lateral grain retaining parts, springs and slide plates opposite to the side up and down reel chains. The back of at least one of the grain chain and the grain retaining piece is provided with a spring for exerting a clamping force or a slide plate is provided at the bottom. The supporting host can be various tractors or self-propelled grain combine harvester chassis, and can also be designed as a self-propelled corn combine harvester.

The ear processing device of several corn harvesters with different ear handling methods is the ear picking mechanism fixed on the frame, and the ear box or the ear picking mechanism is connected to the peeling mechanism and the ear box below, or the ear picking mechanism is connected to the threshing mechanism. Cleaning agencies and barns. The ear box is equipped with a tipping device. The tipping device includes a guide rail, an ear box attachment frame, and a hydraulic cylinder. The guide rail is fixed on the frame. The ear box attachment frame is equipped with rollers. The rollers roll in the groove of the guide rail. There is a rotating shaft on the outer edge of the ear box It is hinged with the attached frame of the ear box, and there is an eccentric hinge point on the ear box, and the end of the curved arm of the attached frame of the ear box is hinged with one end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the eccentric hinge point of the ear box.

The straw processing device of the corn harvester suitable for laying the whole stalks is to install the straw laying mechanism at the bottom and rear of the ear picking mechanism. There is a controllable limit pin with a slope, one end of the grain retaining plate, the rotating shaft, the limit pin and the return spring is installed on the extension of the frame, the grain retaining plate is installed on the rear side of the laying trough, and the end of the return spring The other end acts on the laying groove, and the limit pin can stop the downward movement of the laying groove, and when the limit pin is controlled, the block is released.

The straw processing device of the corn harvester suitable for straw returning to the field and recycling is equipped with a straw crushing mechanism under the ear picking mechanism. The straw crushing mechanism includes a fixed knife and a drum cutter fixed on the frame extension or adopts Wheel-type or hob-type cutters can also be installed behind the straw crushing mechanism to crush the straw bin.

The straw processing device of the corn harvester, which is suitable for burying and returning to the field after straw crushing, is equipped with a straw burying device under the straw crushing mechanism. Install a ditch opener, a fertilizer discharger, and a resoiler. The outlets of the straw evenly distributed slides and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharger face the open upper opening of the ditch opener, and a resoiler is installed behind the ditch opener.

The corn harvester suitable for silage corn harvesting and processing is equipped with a feeding mechanism at the position of the ear picking mechanism of the frame, and a silage chopping mechanism and a silo are installed under the mechanism.

The corn harvester of the present invention is hung in front of the host machine for harvesting, plowing and land preparation combined operation unit, and the plowing land preparation machine is hung under the corn harvester frame behind the main machine, and the plowing land preparation machine can be a rotary tiller or a plow.

The front-mounted header of the corn harvester of the present invention adopts a horizontal vertical grain-collecting header, the header changes from a three-dimensional space structure to a facade structure, shortens the longitudinal length of the header, and the front suspension part only has the main beam, the grain divider, Knife, reel, horizontal grain collection conveying and transmission system, crops directly enter the vertical horizontal grain harvesting table after cutting, and the bulky ear picking roller and transmission gearbox are moved to the back, eliminating the need for longitudinal grain guide chains and clamping The chain and its sprocket, the chain support plate and the three-dimensional frame shorten the longitudinal length, reduce the weight, and move the center of gravity backward, so that the balance of the unit is no longer a problem. The configuration of the unit tends to be reasonable, the operation does not need to clear the way, and the operation is flexible. For the line spacing problem known as "fatal obstacle", change the thinking method of the existing technology that the line spacing and number of lines of the machine itself correspond to the line spacing and number of lines of the field operation object, and reduce the line spacing of the machine itself by a large proportion. Correspondingly increase the number of rows and increase the effective cutting width of each row to cover several main planting forms at present. Wherein the so-called interplanting corn of so-called " two dense one thin " that occupies sizable area in North China, original machinery has no way, and the small row spacing header of the present invention is just suitable. It can also be solved by mechanical adjustment mechanism. The stubble roots left after the harvest of corn fix the surrounding soil into "keba", which will not rot in two or three years, affecting the next season's sowing and intertillage, which has become a long-standing problem. The invention installs a stubble removal device at the end of the extended shaft of the reel, and utilizes the principle of vertical milling to destroy the main root system of the stubble root to achieve the purpose of stubble removal.

The front-mounted header of the facade structure in front of the corn harvester that cuts the stalk first and then transports it continues to be a lateral vertical conveying and lifting device that is also a facade structure. The cut plants go around to the back of the power to complete ear picking, laying or returning straw to the field. After the plants complete the horizontal grain collection, the ears that have not been picked during the lateral conveying and lifting process are still wrapped in the stems and leaves, and basically will not be subject to mechanical collision, shearing, extrusion and friction. Factors causing damage and failure are thus reduced. Theoretically, the ear-picking ability of the ear-picking roller is very large. The maximum torque of the ear picking roller is at the moment of ear picking, multiple rows of corn are lined up, the arrangement gap is reduced, the time interval of the maximum torque is shortened, and the maximum torque value does not increase. The necessary tests have also proved that there is no problem with the ear picking ability of a set of ear picking mechanism when picking three rows of corn, and its power consumption is not increased compared with single row picking, and the picking roller torque tends to be balanced and stable. Since the gap between the corn arrangement is reduced when the ear is picked, the corn leaves play a protective role, which can reduce the ear from being bitten. Power consumption is greatly reduced due to saving a large proportion of ear picking mechanism and transmission device.

The present invention utilizes the feature that the fringe-picking roller is a feeding roller relative to the straw crushing mechanism, and forces the straw to enter the straw crushing mechanism with a fixed knife drum. In this way, the stalks are cut thoroughly and neatly, and there will be no strands. Simultaneously, the width and volume of the straw crushing mechanism are reduced. Compared with unsupported cutting or hammering and chopping with soft soil as support, the power consumption of fixed knife cutting should be greatly reduced. In addition to the saving of power due to the fact that a set of ear picking mechanism handles multiple rows, the goal of three rows of corn harvesting and straw returning operations can be completed by one host.

Regarding the different requirements for straw treatment, in addition to chopping straw and returning it to the field, there are some straws that need to be recycled as feed after being chopped. Etc., all can meet different requirements by one machine by replacing parts. Generalization, standardization and multi-purpose design principles suitable for mechanical design.

Several embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a front-mounted header, showing a horizontal vertical grain collecting conveying mechanism and a stubble removal mechanism;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the front suspension corn harvester model, that is, the embodiment without lateral conveying device;

Fig. 3 is the front view of the fully suspended corn harvester embodiment of installing the front vertical header;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the full suspension corn harvester embodiment of installing front type vertical header;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lateral vertical conveying and lifting device;

Fig. 6 shows the top view adjusted to the state of small row spacing header;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the line spacing adjustment mechanism;

Fig. 8 shows that the corn harvester is equipped with a peeling mechanism or a threshing, cleaning mechanism and a barn, and the operating state of the laying mechanism is installed at the back;

Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show two sectional views of the laying mechanism of Fig. 2 and Fig. 8 . Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a-a, and Fig. 10 is a sectional view of b-b;

Fig. 11 shows the structure diagram of the tipping device of the ear box;

Fig. 12 shows the stalk crushing and stalk burying mechanism of stalk processing device;

Figure 13 shows the component structure of the machine for silage processing;

Figure 14 shows the equipment configuration of the corn harvesting and land preparation combined operation unit;

Fig. 15 shows the clamping device of the reel conveying chain, that is, the partial enlargement of A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 1 shows the horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism of the front-mounted header, and the corn plant is cut off by the cutter 23 at the rear end throat of the grain divider 22 . Install 2 to 3 vertical shaft reeders 25 with dials or teeth at different positions on the upper, middle and lower sides of the same vertical shaft. When the corn plants are cut off, they are moved to the horizontal channel by the reeders 25, that is, horizontal vertical grain collection and transportation. mechanism. Fig. 15 is the chain 243 of the subsection that can hold supporting plate 247 and spring 245 and the lower reeling grain conveying chain 242 clamping the bottom of stalk with the rear side of synchronous movement with it, works together with last reeling grains conveying chain 241 lateral movement. The back 244 of the grain divider plays the effect of blocking grain. It can also be other forms of retaining pieces. The channel should be equipped with a guard plate, and the channel guard plate should be smooth without reverse gaps to prevent straw and weeds from being caught. Spring 245 also can be contained in the back of reel conveying chain 242 under rear side. The clamping function of down chain also can be replaced by establishing baffle plate 246 below the reeling conveying chain. The stubble removal mechanism can also be installed below the vertical shaft, and the stubble removal mechanism is coaxial with the grain reel 25, and the stubble removal tool holder 261 is installed at the shaft end, and the stubble removal cutter 262 is installed on the stubble removal cutter holder. The stubble cutter is close to the main root system of the corn, and the depth of penetration depends on the power of the main machine.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a front-mounted corn harvester model without a lateral conveying device, which has a simple structure and is suitable for matching the chassis of a crawler tractor or a grain combine harvester.

Fig. 3 Fig. 4 is the full suspension corn harvester that installs front vertical header, which is a typical embodiment of the corn harvester of the present invention. "Clearing the way" is a headache in the operation of corn harvesters. Generally, side-traction or side-suspension models need to clear 2 to 3 lines to enter the ground, which is very troublesome, especially in the case of small plots, which affects operating efficiency. This is also one of the reasons why some manufacturers do not hesitate to develop and promote self-propelled models at several times the cost. The present invention bypasses the main machine 1 through the lateral conveying lifting device, and is transported to the ear processing device 4 and the straw processing device 5 behind the main machine, that is, "front suspension, post-processing" is formed, and the problem of "clearing the road" is better solved . The starting point of the design of the present invention is "cutting first, then concentrated conveying, and fringe picking treatment", which is different from the design principle of "first fringe picking, then conveying and lifting" in the prior art. During the whole process of collecting, conveying and lifting after cutting, the ears will hardly be impacted, sheared, squeezed and rubbed in the package of stems and leaves, which can effectively reduce and prevent the loss of grains. The size of the ear is relatively large. As long as the height of the guard plate is adapted to the position of the ear, it is easy to prevent the loss of the ear and ear loss during the transportation process. Therefore, the transmission relationship is simplified and the reliability is improved.

The corn with ears in each row completes the horizontal grain collection, and after turning, it enters the lateral vertical conveying and lifting mechanism. See Fig. 5, the bottom of corn plant is clamped by the side downward reel chain 31 that has pressure spring 34 effect and the lateral grain retaining member 33 opposite to it, and the slide plate 35 that prevents plant from falling can be established at the bottom, and the stem bar The upper lateral reel chain 32 and the lateral grain retaining member 33 jointly constrain the movement and are simultaneously lifted to create necessary height and space for the setting of the ear picking mechanism, peeling mechanism, fruit ear box and straw processing device in the back. Lateral vertical conveying and lifting mechanism 3 is positioned at the side of main engine 1, and its front end is connected with header 2, and the rear end is connected with frame 6 of installation working device. The lateral vertical conveying and lifting mechanism is a facade structure, which saves design space and is easy to arrange.

For the small row spacing header in Figure 6, replace the two large grain dividers in the middle with three small grain dividers, add a set of cutting and reeling devices, and adjust the row spacing of the machine to 40 cm, four rows. Use three lines. At this moment, the effective cutting width is 20 centimeters. The so-called effective cutting width refers to the cutting width that the stalk remains upright when cutting, and the maximum deflection of the stalk is 10 centimeters during the limit state. That is, assuming that the corn planting is completely disordered, the maximum possible deviation of the operation is 10 cm. This situation does not exceed the deflection amount of the normal operation of the existing machine, no blockage will occur, and the line spacing problem can be completely solved. The driver also has a "line-to-line" operation when working, and various line distances can basically be covered and adapted. Especially the interplanting corn in North China, the so-called "big and small ridges" planting form, the large row is 80 cm, and the small row is 40 cm. At present, all prototypes cannot adapt. This small row spacing header is just right. Fig. 7 is the adjustment mechanism, the fixed position of the vertical shaft reel 25 on the main beam 21 can be adjusted by the clip 27, or adjusted by the hydraulic mechanism or the rack and pinion or the lead screw nut, so as to adapt to the main line distance in a certain place .

See Fig. 8, the whole plant corn that each row cuts off in the cutting width is sent to ear processing device 4 and is forced to enter ear picking mechanism 41 after collecting grain, conveying, promoting. Ear picking mechanism 41 can be vertical or horizontal ear picking roller and also can be picking ear plate and pulling stem roll. The fruit ear that plucks falls into fruit ear case 42. Fig. 11 is the tipping device of the ear box. When the ear box is full and needs to be loaded, the ear box 42 can be promoted, and the roller 424 on the attached frame 422 of the ear box rolls to the outer edge of the track on the track 421, and the hydraulic cylinder 423 starts working, and one end of it is connected with the attached frame curved arm The end 427 of the ear box is hinged, and the eccentric hinge point 426 of the ear box is pushed as a fulcrum, so that the ear box rotates around the rotating shaft 425 on the outer edge of the ear box, so that the ear box is turned over and the ears are poured on the side. In the compartment, complete the unloading task.

If peeling is required, as shown in Figure 8, after the ears are picked by the fringe mechanism 41, the ears fall into the ear box 42 through the peeling mechanism 43 under the side. It can also enter the barn 46 after passing through the threshing mechanism 44 and the cleaning mechanism 45 . The number of work lines and the work to be completed, that is, whether to cut stubble, whether to peel, whether to directly thresh, should be determined according to the local operating habits and the size of the supporting power. The treatment of ears should consider the water content of corn kernels when harvesting. If the water content is high, peeling or threshing will not be possible due to high breakage rate and unsuitable drying equipment.

Straw treatment should consider the different methods and requirements of different regions. Straws can be laid on the spot for the needs of areas where straws are still used as living fuels. See Fig. 8, install laying mechanism 51 below fringe mechanism 41. The stalk is projected and runs into the baffle plate 513 after the fringe is plucked by the fringe-picking roller, and falls in the laying groove 512. With reference to Fig. 9, 10 again, when the stalk reaches a certain amount, by controlling and installing the limit pin 515 on the extension of the frame 6, the limit pin loses the position-limiting effect on the laying groove 512, and the laying groove is placed around the front The rotating shaft 511 rotates and tilts, and the straw paving slides to the ground and falls to the ground under the action of the friction force between it and the ground. After laying the groove and losing the weight of the stalk, it resets under the effect of the return spring 514, runs into the slope of the stop pin 515, and is blocked by the stop pin after the stop pin is retracted. Limit pin 515 can be controlled by electromagnetic, oil pressure, intermittent mechanism or manually. Laying mechanism 51 also can be designed as turnover plate type or side rake type.

Fig. 12 is a straw crushing device suitable for crushing straw while harvesting corn. The stalk crushing mechanism 52 is installed below the fringe picking mechanism 41, which includes a fixed knife 521 and a drum type 522 cutter fixed on the extension of the frame 6 or a wheel cutter or a hob cutter. . Since the multi-row plants are sent to the ear-picking mechanism and have been arranged in a row, conditions have been created for designing a straw crushing mechanism with a fixed knife. The ear picking roller is the feeding roller for the straw grinder. At this time, the power consumed by the fixed knife cutting is small, and the cutting quality is good. The chopped straw can be sprinkled directly into the field, or can be directly buried in the gap of the soil plowed by the plowing mechanical parts mounted behind the main machine. In order to bury the shredded straw, the shredded straw passes through the evenly distributed sliding plate 541, and the fertilizer discharge device 543 provides necessary nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by the re-soiler 544 to re-soil. Nitrogen in the soil should be absorbed during the straw rotting process, and applying nitrogen fertilizer can accelerate the straw decay and prevent nitrogen contention with the wheat seedlings. The gap of the ditching parts 542 that the outlet of the evenly distributed slide plate and the fertilizer discharge device are aligned with the frame below the plowed up soil is directly buried. This way of treating straw can rapidly increase soil organic matter, and the ground is neat and clean, which is conducive to eliminating pests and diseases and creating good conditions for sowing. If the chopped stalks need to be collected, as shown in FIG. 3 , a crushed stalk bin 53 can be installed behind the stalk crushing mechanism 52 .

Figure 13 is an embodiment of a silage corn harvester. As long as the feeding mechanism 41A that enlarges the gap is replaced at the position where the ear picking rollers are installed, the silage crushing device 52A is installed below it, and the feed bin 53A is behind it.

Fig. 14 is an embodiment of the combined operation unit for corn harvesting and land preparation. The main machine hangs the original corn harvester, and the tillage machinery is hung under the frame to form a working unit. North China can be hung with a rotary tiller or a shallow plow and harrow. Northeast China can hang the ridge plow 32 to create good conditions for spring sowing in the second year.

Claims (16)

1. A kind of corn harvester front type header is characterized in that comprising main girder (21), grain divider (22), cutting device (23), vertical shaft grain reel (25) and horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism ( 24), the rear portion of the adjacent two grain dividers is a cutting device (23) and a vertical shaft grain reel (25) equipped with a dial or dial, followed by a horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism, and a horizontal vertical grain collection The conveying mechanism includes an upper reeling conveying chain (241) and a corresponding grain retaining piece (244) or segmented chain (243) on the front side, a lower reeling conveying chain (242) and a corresponding grain retaining member (244) or Segment chain (243) and the lower baffle plate (246) flush with the cutting device, said reeling conveying chain (241, 242) can place supporting plate (247) and the spring (247) that applies clamping force at the back 245), grain divider (22), cutting device (23), vertical shaft reel (25) and horizontal vertical grain collecting conveying mechanism (24) are installed on the main beam (21). 2. The front type header of corn harvester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the width of two adjacent grain dividers (22) at the cutting place is greater than 15 centimeters, and the row spacing of itself is below 40 centimeters, and the row spacing of the machine itself is correspondingly increased. number. 3. The front-mounted harvester of corn harvester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the vertical shaft reel (25) is fixed on the main beam (21) by clips (27), and its fixed position can be graded or stepless. Regulate, or be equipped with row spacing adjusting mechanism (28) between row, and row spacing adjusting mechanism is hydraulic cylinder or rack and pinion or leading screw nut. 4. The corn harvester front header as claimed in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that an end milling type stubble removing part (26) is installed on the lower extension shaft of the vertical shaft reel (25), and the stubble removing part (26) It comprises a stubble removal knife seat (261) and a stubble removal knife (262), the stubble removal knife seat (261) is installed at the shaft end, and the stubble removal knife seat is installed on the stubble removal knife seat. 5. A corn harvester equipped with a front-mounted header, characterized in that it includes a main machine (1), a front-mounted header (2), a lateral vertical conveying and lifting device (3), an ear processing device (4), an orange Rod handling device (5) and frame (6), the front suspension of the main machine (1) includes the front header (2) of the horizontal vertical grain collection conveying mechanism (24), and the front header can be directly processed with the ear The device (4) is connected with the dry stalk processing device (5), and the lateral vertical conveying and lifting device (3) can be very short, that is, the fruit ear processing device (4) and the orange stalk processing device (5) are placed on the front-mounted mower. The side or back of the table, the front of the lateral vertical conveying lifting device is connected with the horizontal vertical grain collecting conveying mechanism (24) of the header or the continuation of the horizontal vertical grain collecting conveying mechanism, passing through the side of the main machine (1) , It is connected with the fruit ear processing device (4) fixed on the frame (6) and the orange stalk processing device (5) suspended on the back of the main frame. 6. The corn harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that the lateral vertical conveying and lifting device (3) is low in the front and high in the rear, including a side-down reel chain (31) and a side-up reel chain (32) And the lateral grain retaining member (33), spring (34) and slide plate (35) relative to the upper and lower grain reel chains on the side, the back side of at least one of the above-mentioned grain reel chain and the grain retainer is equipped with a clamping force The spring (34) or slide plate (35) is housed in the bottom. 7. The corn harvester according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the ear processing device (4) is provided with an ear box (42) or an ear picking mechanism below the ear picking mechanism (41) fixed on the frame (6) (41) connects peeling mechanism (43) and ear box (42) below, or plucks fringe mechanism (41) and connects threshing mechanism (44) cleaning mechanism (45) and barn (46) below. 8. The corn harvester according to claim 7, wherein a tipping device is installed on the ear box (42), and the tipping device includes a guide rail (421), an ear box (42), an ear box attached frame (422), a hydraulic cylinder (423 ), the guide rail (421) is fixed on the frame (6), and the ear box attached frame (422) is equipped with a roller (424), and the roller rolls in the groove of the guide rail, and the outer edge of the ear box has a rotating shaft (425) and the ear box The attached frame is hinged, and the ear box (42) has an eccentric hinge point (426), and the end (427) of the curved arm of the ear box (422) is hinged with an end of the hydraulic cylinder (423), and the hydraulic cylinder The other end is hinged with the eccentric hinge point (426) of the ear box. 9. The corn harvester according to claim 5, 6 or 8, characterized in that the stalk processing device (5) is a stalk laying mechanism (51) installed behind the ear picking mechanism (41), and the stalk laying mechanism includes The front end is equipped with the laying groove (512) of the rotating shaft (511), the grain retaining plate (513), the return spring (514) and the controllable limit pin (515) with an inclined plane, the grain retaining plate (513), the rotating shaft One end of (511), spacer pin (515) and return spring (514) is contained on the extension of frame (6), and grain retaining plate (513) is contained in the rear side of laying groove, and return spring ( The other end of 514) acts on the laying groove (512), and the stop pin (515) can stop the downward movement of the laying groove, and when the stop pin is controlled, the block is lifted. 10. The corn harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that the straw processing device (5) is a straw laying mechanism (51) installed behind the ear picking mechanism (41), and the straw laying mechanism includes a front end equipped with a rotating shaft (511) puts laying groove (512), retains grain plate (513), return spring (514) and has the controllable limit pin (515) of inclined-plane, retains grain plate (513), rotating shaft (511), One end of limit pin (515) and return spring (514) is contained on the extension of frame (6), and baffle plate is contained in the rear side of laying groove, and the other end of return spring (514) acts on the extension of putting. On the paving groove (512), the stop pin (515) can stop the downward movement of the paving groove, and when the stop pin is controlled, the block is released. 11. The corn harvester according to claim 5, 6 or 8, characterized in that the stalk processing device (5) is equipped with a stalk crushing mechanism (52) under the ear picking mechanism (41), and the stalk crushing mechanism includes The fixed knife (521) and the drum cutter (522) on the extension of the frame (6) or adopt the wheel cutter formula or the hob cutter formula cutter, also can install the pulverized straw bin ( 53). 12. The corn harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that the stalk processing device (5) is equipped with a stalk crushing mechanism (52) under the ear picking mechanism (41), and the stalk crushing mechanism includes a stalk crushing mechanism fixed on the frame (6 ) fixed knife (521) and drum cutter (522) on the extension or adopt wheel cutter formula or hob cutter formula cutter, also can install crushing straw bin (53) under the straw crushing mechanism (52) rear. 13. The corn harvester according to claim 11, characterized in that the straw processing device (5) is equipped with a straw burying device under the straw crushing mechanism (52), and the device includes a crushed straw evenly distributed slide plate (541) , a small frame (545) is installed on the frame (6), and a ditch opener (542), a fertilizer discharge device (543), a reapplying device (544), and each of the straw uniform distribution slides (541) are installed on the small frame. The fertilizer outlet of outlet and fertilizer discharger (543) is opposite to the upper opening that ditch opener (542) opens, and the back of ditch opener is equipped with compound soil device (544). 14. The corn harvester according to claim 12, characterized in that the straw processing device (5) is equipped with a straw burying device under the straw crushing mechanism (52), and the device includes a crushed straw evenly distributed slide plate (541) , a small frame (545) is installed on the frame (6), and a ditch opener (542), a fertilizer discharger (543), a re-soiling device (544), and the outlets of the straw uniform distribution slide (541) are installed on the small frame With the opening of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer discharger (543) facing the open upper mouth of the ditch opener (542), the back of the ditch opener is equipped with a compound soil device (544). 15. The corn harvester as claimed in claim 5 or 6, is characterized in that the feeding mechanism (41A) that two roller spacings are increased is installed on the position of the frame (6) where the ear picking mechanism (41) is installed. The silage chopping mechanism (52A) and feed bin (53A) are installed below. 16. The combined operation unit for corn harvesting and land preparation is characterized in that a corn harvester with a front-mounted header is suspended from the main machine (1), and a land preparation machine (7) is suspended behind the main machine (1) under the frame of the corn harvester. The tillage and land preparation machine can be a rotary tiller or a plow.

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