CN107418930B - 一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,包括:(1)采用基于抗体的负向分选法收集间充质干细胞;(2)采用无血清培养基扩增间充质干细胞。本发明优于常规的分离方法,在安全性和扩增能力方面,本发明提供的无血清培养基明显好于常规的有血清培养基,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于细胞培养与制备领域,特别涉及一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法。
背景技术
间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal Stem Cells,MSCs)是干细胞的一个分支,是一类具有自我复制和多向分化能力的细胞,广泛存在于多种组织中,如骨髓、脐带血和脐带组织、胎盘组织和脂肪组织等。间充质干细胞有三个显著的特点:1.体外的培养的间充质干细胞是贴壁生长的;2.间充质干细胞高表达CD73、CD90和CD105,不表达CD31、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR、CD14、CD19和CD11b等标志物;3.在合适的刺激因素下,间充质干细胞能分化成成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和神经细胞等多种组织的细胞。
骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,BMMSCs)又称骨髓基质干细胞,是存在骨髓中的一类非造血干细胞。骨髓间充质干细胞具有间充质干细胞的普遍特性。骨髓间充质干细胞具有很强的增殖能力和多向分化能力,在合适的体内或者体外培养环境下可以分化成心肌细胞、脂肪细胞、肝脏细胞、神经细胞、软骨细胞和成骨细胞等多种类型的组织细胞。骨髓间充质干细胞来源广泛,取材容易,易于培养和扩增,而且多次传代后仍然保持其干细胞的特性。骨髓间充质干细胞低度表达MHC-Ⅰ分子,不表达MHC-Ⅱ分子和B7-1、B7-2等共刺激分子,具有很低的免疫原性,能逃脱宿主免疫系统的排除。除此之外,骨髓间充质干细胞还具有免疫调节和修复组织损伤的特殊功能。因此,骨髓间充质干细胞是一种具有巨大临床应用潜力的种子细胞;近年来国内外已经开展了利用骨髓间充质干细胞的多项临床试验,例如治疗心肌梗死、脊髓损伤、糖尿病、系统性红斑狼疮、肝硬化和膝骨关节炎等疾病。
常规获取骨髓间充质干细胞的方法主要有以下几种:①贴壁分离法:利用MSCs贴壁的性质将其分离;②密度梯度离心法:利用Ficoll或者Percoll分离液将MSCs和其他细胞分离;③免疫磁珠法(正向分选):利用能结合MSCs表面特有标志物的抗体分离MSCs。贴壁分离法和密度梯度离心法虽然操作简单,但是分离得到的间充质干细胞纯度不高,杂细胞会伴随着间充质干细胞一起增殖,从而逐渐降低间充质干细胞的纯度和生长速度。免疫磁珠法(正向分选)能得到纯度很高的间充质干细胞,但是抗体和磁珠会结合在间充质干细胞的表面,对细胞有损伤,也可能会非特异性激活目标细胞或者影响目标细胞在下游实验中的功能,而且正向分选的细胞也是不安全的。
骨髓间充质干细胞的常规扩增方法是用基础培养基(例如DMEM、DMEM-F12、alpha-MEM)和10%浓度的胎牛血清进行培养。MSCs在有胎牛血清的条件下能正常的生长和传代,然而血清的成分比较复杂,既含有促使细胞生长的营养物质,又含有低水平的抑制细胞生长的物质。血清还有潜在的病毒和支原体污染,不同批次的血清性能差异明显。也可以用自体血清代替胎牛血清,但是大量扩增MSCs需要很多的自体血清,从而限制了自体血清在MSCs培养中的应用。尽管有很多研究报导用无血清培养基,但是MSCs在无血清条件下增殖较慢,并且存在分化能力丧失的可能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,该方法优于常规的分离方法,在安全性和扩增能力方面,本发明提供的无血清培养基明显好于常规的有血清培养基,具有良好的应用前景。
本发明的一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,包括:
(1)采用基于抗体的负向分选法:在骨髓中加入抗体混合物使非目标细胞和红细胞交联,经密度梯度离心,从血浆层下层收集间充质干细胞;
(2)采用无血清培养基扩增间充质干细胞,其中,无血清培养基添加以下组分:
重组人胰岛素:1~10μg/ml;
重组人表皮生长因子:10~50ng/ml;
重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子:10~50ng/ml;
重组人转化生长因子-β:1~50ng/ml;
重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB:10~50ng/ml;
氢化可的松:0.5~10μg/ml;
维生素C:10~100μg/ml;
还原型谷胱甘肽:1~5mM;
重组人转铁蛋白:0.5~10μg/ml;
乙醇胺:1~10μg/mL;
L-谷氨酰胺:1~10mM;
辅酶A:1~50μg/ml;
重组人凝血酶:1~10U/ml;
庆大霉素:1~100μg/ml;
亚硒酸钠:1~100ng/ml。
在所述步骤(2)扩增间充质干细胞之前用1~10μg/mL的重组人纤连蛋白包被培养瓶。
所述培养瓶在4℃的条件下包被过夜。
所述步骤(2)中的无血清培养基为DMEM-F12。
在所述步骤(2)扩增间充质干细胞之后细胞传代过程中使用TrypLETM消化细胞。
本发明采用基于抗体的负向分选法(antibody-based negative isolation)从骨髓中分离间充质干细胞;这是一种高纯度分离骨髓间充质干细胞的方法,而且干细胞不会被任何抗体标记,保证了干细胞的天然性。本发明中用于培养干细胞的培养瓶需要用重组人纤连蛋白包被。在间充质干细胞扩增的过程中,用DMEM-F12作为基础培养基,在培养基中添加以下成分:重组人胰岛素、重组人表皮生长因子、重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、氢化可的松、维生素C、重组人转化生长因子-β、重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB、还原型谷胱甘肽、重组人转铁蛋白、乙醇胺、L-谷氨酰胺、辅酶A、重组人凝血酶、庆大霉素、亚硒酸钠。该培养基成分明确,能显著的提高间充质干细胞的贴壁能力和增殖能力,有利于间充质干细胞在体外扩增和保持其干性(stemness)。
本发明采用基于抗体的负向分选法(antibody-based negative isolation)从骨髓里面分离MSCs,其原理如下:使用一种抗体混合物(antibody cocktail)把骨髓中的MSCs和其他杂细胞分开。抗体混合物是一种四聚物抗体络合物,既能识别和结合红细胞表面的glycophorin A标志物,又能识别和结合不需要细胞表面的一些标志物(例如CD3,CD14,CD19,CD38,CD66b)。这样,骨髓中不需要的细胞(非目标细胞)和红细胞被结合在一起。当把被抗体标记的骨髓加在淋巴细胞分离液Ficoll上面并经过密度梯度离心后,不需要的细胞和红细胞聚集在离心管的底部形成沉淀,MSCs细胞被富集在血浆层和淋巴细胞分离液层之间,得到纯度很高的间充质干细胞。
本发明提供的骨髓间充质干细胞无血清培养基含有多种生长因子和营养物质,这能促使间充质干细胞在无血清培养条件下正常的生长和代谢:
纤连蛋白是一种细胞外基质蛋白,能介导细胞之间、细胞和细胞外基质的粘附。用纤连蛋白包被培养瓶能促使细胞更好的贴壁。本发明使用重组人纤连蛋白包被培养瓶。
重组人胰岛素可以提高细胞的合成代谢能力,刺激细胞的生长。
表皮生长因子是一种具有多种功能的生长因子,对细胞有强烈的促分裂作用。
碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、转化生长因子-β和血小板衍生生长因子-BB都是具有促进细胞增殖和分裂的生长因子,这三种因子的组合已被证明能够显著促进间充质干细胞的增殖和增强干细胞的分化能力。
氢化可的松是一种糖皮质激素,具有促进糖原异生和提高蛋白质分解代谢等作用。
维生素C是一种抗氧化剂,能保护细胞免受自由基的威胁,而且维生素C还参与细胞的代谢,可以显著的促进各种间充质干细胞的增殖。
还原型谷胱甘肽是含有巯基(SH)的三肽类化合物,在人体内具有活化氧化还原系统,激活SH酶、解毒作用等重要生理活性。还原型谷胱甘肽还参与三羧酸循环和糖代谢,起到辅酶的作用。
转铁蛋白是细胞中的主要铁传递蛋白,转铁蛋白能结合铁离子,减少其毒性并为细胞代谢提供铁元素。
乙醇胺参与磷脂类代谢,是细胞生长必须的营养物质。
L-谷氨酰胺是细胞生长的重要能量来源,参与蛋白质和脂类的合成与代谢,还能提高细胞的抗氧化能力。L-谷氨酰胺不够稳定,在配制培养基之前会补加L-谷氨酰胺。
辅酶A是机体乙酰化反应的辅酶,在糖、脂类和蛋白质代谢中起着非常重要的作用。
凝血酶能促使间充质干细胞分泌纤连蛋白,从而增强间充质干细胞贴壁和促进细胞增殖。
庆大霉素是一种广谱的抗生素。
亚硒酸钠是细胞生长中的必须微量元素,在细胞代谢中起着抗氧化的作用。
有益效果
(1)传统的免疫磁珠法是先用抗体结合间充质干细胞,然后再用磁珠和磁场分离得到纯化的间充质干细胞。在本发明提供的负向分选法中,抗体混合物使骨髓中的非目标细胞和红细胞交联,从而使非目标细胞的密度增加;在密度梯度离心结束后,非目标细胞和红细胞共同沉淀在离心管的底部,直接从血浆层下面收集间充质干细胞。在本发明中,抗体不会结合在间充质干细胞上面,细胞不会受到损伤,细胞的功能也不会受到任何影响,所以基于抗体的负向分选法是本发明的一大亮点。
(2)临床级别的干细胞培养首先避免使用动物血清,因为动物来源的血清存在有病原体污染的风险,而且成分复杂,批次之间会有很大的差异。本发明使用无血清培养基培养干细胞,在培养基中加入多种生长因子和营养元素,能有效的促进细胞贴壁和显著的提高细胞的增殖能力,有很好的临床应用价值和潜力。
(3)传统的培养方法使用胰酶消化间充质细胞。虽然胰酶消化细胞的效率很高,但是如果消化力度掌握不好会对细胞造成很大的损伤。而且胰酶一般是来源于猪或者牛组织,胰酶的活性要用胎牛血清中止,这样在细胞培养过程中还是引入了动物成分。TrypLETM是一种基因工程酶,不含动物来源的成分。TrypLETM可以有效和更加温和的解离贴壁细胞,这样细胞在消化中不容易损伤,很好的保证了细胞的活力。而且TrypLETM的活性不需要胎牛血清中止,只需用生理盐水或者培养基稀释即可。
附图说明
图1是本发明中使用基于抗体的负向分选法纯化骨髓间充质干细胞的示意图;
图2是骨髓间充质干细胞在本发明无血清培养基中和常规有血清培养基中的增殖曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)从骨髓中分离间充质干细胞
采用基于抗体的负向分选法(antibody-based negative isolation),其步骤如下:
1.以1ml:50μl的比例在10毫升骨髓中直接加入500μl抗体混合物,混匀,室温放置20分钟。
2.在50毫升的离心管中加入15毫升的淋巴细胞分离液。
3.用20毫升的分选缓冲液(含有2%人血清白蛋白和1mM EDTA的生理盐水)和骨髓混合,然后加入到淋巴细胞分裂液上面。
4.关掉离心机的减速阀,在300g的转速下离心25分钟。
5.收集血浆层下面的MSCs层,转移到一个新的离心管中;加入30毫升的分选缓冲液,在300g的转速下离心10分钟。
6.倒掉上清,加入30毫升的分选缓冲液,在300g的转速下离心10分钟,再次倒掉上清。
7.用培养基重悬MSCs,细胞计数;按照1.5×104个/cm2的密度把细胞接种到T75培养瓶,再把培养瓶放进培养箱。在随后的培养过程中根据细胞的实际生长情况换液或者传代。
为了比较纯化间充质干细胞的效果,实验中同时使用常规的密度梯度离心法分离骨髓间充质干细胞作为对照。其步骤如下:
1.用生理盐水把骨髓稀释一倍,再用100微米孔径的过滤膜过滤骨髓细胞。
2.把淋巴细胞分离液Ficoll加入到离心管里面,再把2倍体积的骨髓缓慢地加到分离液上面。
3.以400g的速度离心30分钟,关掉离心机的减速阀。
4.收集血浆层下面的细胞,用生理盐水洗细胞两次。
5.用培养基重悬细胞,细胞计数;按照5×105个/cm2的密度把细胞接种到T75培养瓶,再把培养瓶放进培养箱。
6.细胞培养48~72小时以后,换液,洗去没有贴壁的细胞。在随后的培养过程中根据细胞的实际生长情况换液或者传代。
(2)扩大培养间充质干细胞
在使用本实施例提供的无血清培养基的时候,每个培养瓶都要提前用重组人纤连蛋白包被。以T75培养瓶为例,描述包被的过程:在一个T75的培养瓶中加入5毫升用生理盐水稀释的浓度为5.0μg/ml的重组人纤连蛋白溶液,4℃包被过夜(大约12~16个小时)。在加入细胞之前,吸走纤连蛋白溶液。
本发明所提供的无血清培养中包含以下营养物质:10μg/ml重组人胰岛素、20ng/ml重组人表皮生长因子、20ng/ml重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、10ng/ml重组人转化生长因子-β、20ng/ml重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB、0.5μg/ml氢化可的松、50μg/ml维生素C、2mM还原型谷胱甘肽、5μg/ml重组人转铁蛋白、1μg/ml乙醇胺、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、50μg/ml辅酶A、5U/ml重组人凝血酶、10μg/ml庆大霉素和5ng/ml亚硒酸钠。当细胞的融合度达到70~80%的时候,用TrypLETM消化细胞传代,细胞的传代比例是1:3。
为了比较本实施例所使用的无血清培养方法和常规使用动物血清方法的效果,实验中同时使用有血清培养基作为对照。
有血清的培养基的组成:在DMEM-F12里面加入10%浓度的胎牛血清、2mM L-谷氨酰胺和10μg/ml庆大霉素。当细胞的融合度达到70~80%的时候,用TrypLETM消化细胞传代,细胞的传代比例是1:3。在使用有血清培养基的过程中,细胞培养瓶不需要细胞外基质蛋白包被。
(3)用流式细胞仪检测间充质干细胞表型:
为了比较负向分选法和密度梯度离心法制备的骨髓间充质干细胞的纯度,分别取两种制备方法来源的干细胞的P3代和P5代,分析其表面抗原标志物的表达水平。实验设计了用无血清培养基和有FBS的培养基同时培养这两种制备方法来源的间充质干细胞。表1和表2分别记录了用无血清培养基和有血清培养基同时培养两种制备方法来源的干细胞的实验数据。
用流式细胞仪分析干细胞表面标志物的操作步骤如下:
1.用TrypLETM消化P3和P5代的细胞,用PBS制成细胞悬液。
2.在FACS离心管里面加入一毫升细胞悬液(1×106个/ml),以1000转/分钟的速度离心5分钟,倒掉上清。加入4毫升PBS,以1000转/分钟的速度离心5分钟,倒掉上清。
3.用PBS重悬细胞,每管加入用荧光素标记的单克隆抗体或者同型对照抗体。混匀抗体和细胞,4℃下避光静置30分钟。
4.用4毫升的PBS洗细胞两次,倒掉上清。
5.每管用300微升的PBS重悬细胞,最后用流式细胞仪检测干细胞7种表面的标志物表达水平:CD73、CD90、CD105、CD34、CD45、CD31和HLA-DR。
根据国际细胞治疗协会(The International Society for Cellular Therapy)制定的标准,间充质干细胞的CD73、CD90和CD105的表达比例必须高于95%,CD34、CD45和HLA-DR的表达比例必须小于2%。如表1和表2所示:无论在有血清还是无血清的培养条件下,用基于抗体的负向分选法得到的间充质干细胞纯度很高,细胞在P5代的时候仍然保持了很好的干细胞生物学特性和很高的纯度。
表1.在无血清培养条件下骨髓间充质干细胞的抗原标志物检测结果
表2在有血清培养条件下骨髓间充质干细胞的抗原标志物检测结果
CD31是内皮细胞和一些免疫细胞表达的标志物;CD34是造血干细胞和造血前体细胞的标志物;CD45在所有的白细胞上都有表达;HLA-DR是单核细胞和巨噬细胞等细胞表达的标志物。在用密度梯度离心法所制得的间充质干细胞中,从P3到P5这些标志物的表达水平明显的升高,代表着随着细胞传代次数的增加,杂细胞的比例越来越高。
实验总结:在骨髓间充质干细胞的纯度方面,用本实施例提供的基于抗体的负向分选法明显优于常规的密度梯度离心法。
(4)比较间充质干细胞在不同培养条件下的增殖速度
实验设计了比较骨髓间充质干细胞在本实施例提供的无血清培养基中和常规的有血清培养基中的生长速度:用负向分选法纯化的间充质干细胞分别用两种培养方法培养。
用负向分选法纯化的骨髓间充质干细胞分别用两种培养方法培养:本实施例的无血清培养基和常规的有血清培养基。在P2代的时候,消化细胞,仍然分别用无血清培养基和有血清培养基把细胞制成悬液加到六孔板里面。每个六孔板的单孔里面有2毫升培养基,起始细胞数量都是2000;两组细胞都有6块平行接种的六孔板。把六孔板放回培养箱。每2天从培养箱里面取出一块六孔板,消化里面的细胞和细胞计数。在第7天的时候对剩下的细胞全部换液,细胞增殖实验会持续到第12天。
如图2所示,从第8天开始,两组细胞的增殖速度展示出明显的差异。干细胞在本实施例提供的无血清培养基中的增殖速度明显高于在常规有血清培养基中的增殖速度。
Claims (5)
1.一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,包括:
(1)采用基于抗体的负向分选法:在骨髓中加入抗体混合物使非目标细胞和红细胞交联,经密度梯度离心,从血浆层下层收集间充质干细胞;
(2)采用无血清培养基扩增间充质干细胞,其中,无血清培养基添加以下组分:10μg/ml重组人胰岛素、20ng/ml重组人表皮生长因子、20ng/ml重组人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、10ng/ml重组人转化生长因子-β、20ng/ml重组人血小板衍生生长因子-BB、0.5μg/ml氢化可的松、50μg/ml维生素C、2mM还原型谷胱甘肽、5μg/ml重组人转铁蛋白、1μg/ml乙醇胺、2mML-谷氨酰胺、50μg/ml辅酶A、5U/ml重组人凝血酶、10μg/ml庆大霉素和5ng/ml亚硒酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(2)扩增间充质干细胞之前用1~10μg/mL的重组人纤连蛋白包被培养瓶。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,其特征在于:所述培养瓶在4℃的条件下包被过夜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的无血清培养基为DMEM-F12。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纯化与扩增人骨髓间充质干细胞的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(2)扩增间充质干细胞之后细胞传代过程中使用TrypLETM消化细胞。
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