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CN107196507A - 开关调节器 - Google Patents

开关调节器 Download PDF

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CN107196507A
CN107196507A CN201710149590.8A CN201710149590A CN107196507A CN 107196507 A CN107196507 A CN 107196507A CN 201710149590 A CN201710149590 A CN 201710149590A CN 107196507 A CN107196507 A CN 107196507A
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signal
output
control circuit
circuit
switch
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CN107196507B (zh
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河野明大
后藤克也
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Seiko Instruments Inc
Ablic Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

课题在于提供具备耗电少的导通时间控制电路的开关调节器。解决方案在于设为导通时间控制电路具备根据控制开关元件的导通截止的信号进行导通截止的开关，在开关元件的截止时间设为截止的结构。

Description

开关调节器
技术领域
本发明关于开关调节器。
背景技术
开关调节器的控制方法之一有COT（恒定导通时间：Constant On Time）控制。
图3是现有的COT控制的开关调节器的电路图。
关于开关调节器300，根据比较基于输出电压VOUT的反馈电压VFB和基准电压VREF的误差比较器10输出的信号、和导通时间控制电路31输出的信号，R－S触发器13输出控制开关元件的信号。导通时间控制电路31在COT控制中是必需的电路。
图4是现有的导通时间控制电路的电路图。
导通时间控制电路31由电流源33流出的与输入电源电压VIN成比例的电流对电容器2进行充电，由电流源34流出的电流驱动的比较器35将电容器32的电压与输出电压VOUT进行比较而决定导通时间。因而，导通时间控制电路31决定与输入电源电压VIN成反比并与输出电压VOUT成比例的导通时间（例如，参照专利文献1）。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
【专利文献1】日本特开2015－188300号公报。
发明内容
【发明要解决的课题】
然而，在最近的要求低耗电、效率改善的电池驱动的便携设备、可穿戴设备中，除了开关元件的低导通电阻之外，模拟电路块的低耗电化是当务之急。
导通时间控制电路31因电流源33或电流源34流出的电流而即便在开关元件的截止时间中也消耗电力，特别是在轻负载时存在不必要的电力消耗这一课题。
本发明鉴于上述课题而成，目的在于提供具备耗电少的导通时间控制电路的开关调节器。
【用于解决课题的方案】
为了解决上述问题，本发明的具备导通时间控制电路的开关调节器设为如下结构。
一种开关调节器，通过开关元件从电源电压向输出端子输出期望的输出电压，其特征在于，具备：误差比较器，监视所述输出电压并输出置位信号；导通时间控制电路，输出控制所述开关元件的导通时间的复位信号；R－S触发器，基于所述置位信号和所述复位信号，输出决定使所述开关元件导通的期间的导通信号；以及输出控制电路，基于所述R－S触发器的导通信号向所述开关元件输出控制信号，所述导通时间控制电路具备输入所述R－S触发器输出的导通信号的第一输入端子、和输入所述输出控制电路输出的控制信号的第二输入端子，基于输入所述第二输入端子的所述控制信号进行间歇动作。
【发明效果】
依据本发明的具备导通时间控制电路的开关调节器，设为使导通时间控制电路在开关元件的截止时间设为截止的结构，因此具有能够降低耗电这一效果。特别是，在轻负载时，耗电的降低效果变大。
附图说明
【图1】是示出本发明的COT控制的开关调节器的一个例子的电路图。
【图2】是示出本实施方式的导通时间控制电路的一个例子的电路图。
【图3】是现有的COT控制的开关调节器的电路图。
【图4】是示出现有的导通时间控制电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图，对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1是示出本发明的COT控制的开关调节器的一个例子的电路图。
开关调节器100具备：误差比较器10、导通时间控制电路11、基准电压电路12、R－S触发器13、输出控制电路14、驱动器15及16、高压侧（High-Side）开关元件即PMOS晶体管17、低压侧开关元件即NMOS晶体管18、电感器19、电容器20、分压电路21、被输入电源电压VIN的电源端子、以及输出输出电压VOUT的输出端子。
COT控制的开关调节器100为一般的结构，因此省略连接关系的说明。
图2是示出本实施方式的导通时间控制电路11的一个例子的电路图。
导通时间控制电路11具备：反相器1、电容器2、电流源3及4、比较器5、NMOS晶体管6、开关7及8、第一输入端子IN1、第二输入端子IN2、以及输出端子OUT。
第一输入端子IN1连接有R－S触发器13的输出端子Q。第二输入端子IN2连接有输出控制电路14的第一输出端子。反相器1的输入端子与第一输入端子IN1连接，输出端子与NMOS晶体管6的栅极连接。电流源3的一端与电源端子连接，另一端与开关7的一端连接。开关7的另一端与NMOS晶体管6的漏极和电容器2的一端连接，控制端子与第二输入端子IN2连接。NMOS晶体管6的栅极和电容器2的另一端与GND连接。比较器5的同相输入端子与电容器2的一端连接，反相输入端子被输入输出电压VOUT。电流源4的一端与电源端子连接，另一端与开关8的一端连接。开关8的另一端与比较器5的被供给动作电流的端子连接，控制端子与第二输入端子IN2连接。
分压电路21基于输出电压VOUT输出反馈电压VFB。基准电压电路12输出基准电压VREF。误差比较器10比较反馈电压VFB和基准电压VREF，在反馈电压VFB成为基准电压VREF以下的情况下，误差比较器10输出H信号。若该H信号输入置位（set）端子S，则R－S触发器13从输出端子Q输出H信号。该H信号输入导通时间控制电路11的第一输入端子IN1和输出控制电路14的输入端子。
接受该H信号，输出控制电路14从第一输出端子输出使PMOS晶体管17导通的L信号。导通时间控制电路11接受来自输出端子Q的H信号和来自输出控制电路14的第一输出端子的L信号而开始动作，若经过既定时间则向R－S触发器13的复位端子R输出H信号。而且，R－S触发器13从输出端子Q向导通时间控制电路11的第一输入端子IN1和输出控制电路14的输入端子输出L信号。接受该L信号，输出控制电路14从第一输出端子输出使PMOS晶体管17截止的H信号。
这样，开关调节器100进行开关动作而向输出端子输出期望的输出电压VOUT。
导通时间控制电路11如下进行动作而实现低耗电化。
若向第一输入端子IN1输入从R－S触发器13的输出端子Q输出的H信号，则NMOS晶体管6截止。若向第二输入端子IN2输入从输出控制电路14的第一输出端子输出的、使PMOS晶体管17导通的L信号，则开关7及8导通。比较器5被供给电流源4的电流，因此开始动作，从输出端子OUT输出L信号。电容器2由电流源3的电流进行充电。若电容器2的电压成为输出电压VOUT以上，则比较器5从输出端子OUT输出H信号。
导通时间控制电路11的输出端子OUT与R－S触发器13的复位端子R连接。因而，若导通时间控制电路11输出H信号，则R－S触发器13复位，因此输出控制电路14从第一输出端子输出使PMOS晶体管17截止的H信号。而且，关于导通时间控制电路11，第一输入端子IN1被输入L信号、第二输入端子IN2被输入H信号，因此电容器2放电，开关7及8截止而停止动作。
如以上说明的那样，本实施方式的导通时间控制电路11，具备根据从输出控制电路14的第一输出端子输入第二输入端子IN2的信号进行导通截止控制的开关7及8，构成为仅在PMOS晶体管17导通时动作、即间歇动作，因此能够削减开关调节器的耗电。特别是，在开关调节器的轻负载时耗电的削减效果大。
此外，利用图1及图2的电路图来说明了本发明的实施方式，但是本发明并不限于该电路，在不脱离发明的主旨的范围内可进行各种各样的变更。例如，停止电流供给的开关7、8的截止的定时，也可以基于NMOS晶体管18导通的信号。
标号说明
1 反相器；5 比较器；10 误差比较器；11 导通时间控制电路；12 基准电压电路；13R－S触发器；14 输出控制电路。

Claims (2)

1.一种开关调节器，通过开关元件从电源电压向输出端子输出期望的输出电压，其特征在于，具备：
误差比较器，监视所述输出电压并输出置位信号；
导通时间控制电路，输出控制所述开关元件的导通时间的复位信号；
R－S触发器，基于所述置位信号和所述复位信号，输出决定使所述开关元件导通的期间的导通信号；以及
输出控制电路，基于所述R－S触发器的导通信号向所述开关元件输出控制信号，
所述导通时间控制电路具备输入所述R－S触发器输出的导通信号的第一输入端子、和输入所述输出控制电路输出的控制信号的第二输入端子，基于输入所述第二输入端子的所述控制信号进行间歇动作。
2.如权利要求1所述的开关调节器，其特征在于，
所述导通时间控制电路具备基于向所述第二输入端子输入的所述控制信号被控制导通截止的开关、和与所述开关连接的电流源，
所述开关在使所述开关元件截止的期间截止，并截断从所述电流源向电路的电流供给。
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