CN107166126B - Elbow with self-balancing sealing plug and heating furnace with same - Google Patents
Elbow with self-balancing sealing plug and heating furnace with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN107166126B CN107166126B CN201710465418.3A CN201710465418A CN107166126B CN 107166126 B CN107166126 B CN 107166126B CN 201710465418 A CN201710465418 A CN 201710465418A CN 107166126 B CN107166126 B CN 107166126B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L43/00—Bends; Siphons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Compared with the prior art, the elbow with the self-balancing sealing plugs and the heating furnace with the elbow can realize balance between the sealing fastening forces of the two conical through holes by the two plugs respectively, the balance is realized through a lever structure formed by the balance beam and the support component, when one plug is impacted by the pressure in the elbow or fluid, the acting force directly acts on the plug and is pushing-away force which is not beneficial to sealing, the pushing-away force is transmitted to the stud which is propped against the plug through the plug and then acts on the balance beam, the pushing-away force is transmitted to the other plug through the balance beam to form pressing force on the plug, the pushing-away force is larger, the pressing force transmitted to the other plug is also increased, and self-balancing sealing which is mutually restricted is formed, so the sealing reliability of the elbow can be effectively improved, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the structure is simpler as a whole, the manufacture is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of design and construction in mechanical engineering equipment, in particular to an elbow with a self-balancing sealing plug and a heating furnace with the elbow, which are particularly suitable for tubular heating furnaces for fluid media in petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, coal chemical industry and other chemical engineering processes.
Background
(1) Structural design and function of traditional heating furnace
The heating furnace is a heart in a chemical plant, and the function of the tubular heating furnace is to heat the medium (oil or gas) in the tube to the temperature required by the process.
As shown in fig. 1, each heating furnace is formed by stacking a plurality of modules on top of each other, and this structure can achieve sufficient balance and use of various heat sources. The four sides of the furnace body are enclosed by a tall furnace wall 1 to form a hearth, the furnace wall 1 is formed by paving and welding steel plates on a steel frame made of I-shaped steel and other section steels, heat-insulating nails are distributed and welded on the steel plates, and heat-insulating and wear-resisting materials are poured between the heat-insulating nails. The furnace wall is provided with a support for supporting the tube plates 3 and 5, the furnace tube 4 penetrates through the tube plates 3 and 5 with holes and is supported by the tube plates, the furnace tube 4 can be partially or completely a spiral finned tube, the furnace tube 4 is provided with an outlet or an inlet 2, two ends of the furnace tube 4 are communicated through a 180-degree U-shaped elbow 6, oil needing to be heated flows through the furnace tube 4, high-temperature flue gas or hot air flows through the outside of the furnace tube 4 from bottom to top vertically (or horizontally from left to right and from right to left) in a hearth, and heat is transferred to the oil in the tube through the tube wall.
(2) Construction technique of conventional heating furnace and problems thereof
With the long-term development of social economy, the energy demand is increased sharply, the deterioration of the produced crude oil is more and more serious, the oil refining process technology is deeply developed towards high temperature and high pressure, and a layer of hard matters similar to coke is easily formed on the inner wall of a furnace tube during use, so that the heat exchange effect of the furnace tube is influenced. The method has two treatment methods, namely, removing the burnt coke, and extending a mechanical tool into the furnace pipe from the opening on the elbow to remove the hard coke layer in the furnace pipe, so that the casting elbow with the opening and the heating furnace thereof are designed for the purpose, and of course, the quality of the inner wall of the furnace pipe can be detected by using an instrument through the opening, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the heating furnace.
The traditional furnace tube elbow is formed by bending a steel tube, the tube wall of the steel tube is thin due to process limitation, when holes are required to be formed on the elbow and then a plurality of sealing parts are assembled, the thin-wall elbow can be assembled and welded to deform, so that the strength is reduced, the sealing line is short and shallow, the thick-wall elbow is inconvenient to bend, and the steel tube elbow is only formed by casting. Such cast elbow structures present two major problems: firstly, sealing of the open pore; secondly, the casting material is loose and is not resistant to erosion corrosion. Such cast elbows have been used in the engineering industry, but each opening of the elbow is provided with a set of special sealing fittings to seal each opening, and the cast elbows are complex in structure, heavy in parts, easy to leak, often in need of unplanned shutdown and repair, and high in operation cost.
Therefore, the existing plug elbow seal is improved, the structure is simplified, the sealing reliability is improved, the heat efficiency and the economic benefit of the heating furnace can be improved, and the method has strong engineering and social and economic significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug and the heating furnace thereof, which have the advantages of simple structure, improved elbow sealing reliability and improved heat exchange efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a take elbow of sealed end cap of self-balancing, elbow body including the U-shaped, the circular cone through-hole has all been seted up to the both sides portion of elbow body, and these two circular cone through-hole punishment do not are equipped with the conical end cap that is used for sealed its circular cone through-hole that corresponds the side, the elbow body is equipped with supporting component, compensating beam and two double-screw bolts, and supporting component fixes on the elbow body, and the middle part of compensating beam articulate in supporting component, two double-screw bolts are installed respectively at the both ends of compensating beam, threaded connection between double-screw bolt and the compensating beam, and two double-screw bolts support the end cap that corresponds the side respectively so that the end cap seals its circular cone through-hole that corresponds the side.
The support assembly comprises a pair of hole lugs, a support shaft and a shaft pin, the hole lugs are fixed at the top of the elbow body, the support shaft is hinged to the two hole lugs, the middle of the balance beam is hinged to the support shaft, mounting holes are formed in two end portions of the support shaft, and the shaft pin is inserted into the mounting holes so as to limit the support shaft along the axial direction.
Wherein the fulcrum is circular in cross section.
And the thermal expansion coefficient of the plug is greater than that of the elbow body.
The cross section of the balance beam is rectangular, and the balance beam is arranged by bending two sections in a longitudinal direction and taking the middle as a symmetry center.
Wherein the conical through holes are aligned with the two end openings of the elbow body.
The screw thread between the stud and the balance beam is a trapezoidal screw thread with a self-locking function.
And a graphite coating is arranged between the plug and the conical through hole.
The plug is provided with a pit with a smooth surface, and the pit corresponds to the stud.
And a hard wear-resistant alloy layer is arranged on the inner end face of the plug, which blocks the conical through hole.
A heating furnace adopting the elbow comprises a plurality of modules which are stacked up and down, each module comprises a furnace wall, a support lug arranged on the furnace wall, a tube plate supported by the support lug and a furnace tube supported by the tube plate, and two end parts of the furnace tube are communicated through the elbow.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the elbow with the self-balancing sealing plugs and the heating furnace with the elbow can realize balance between the sealing fastening forces of the two conical through holes by the two plugs respectively, the balance is realized through a lever structure formed by the balance beam and the support component, when one plug is impacted by the pressure in the elbow or fluid, the acting force directly acts on the plug and is pushing-away force which is not beneficial to sealing, the pushing-away force is transmitted to the stud which is propped against the plug through the plug and then acts on the balance beam, the pushing-away force is transmitted to the other plug through the balance beam to form pressing force on the plug, the pushing-away force is larger, the pressing force transmitted to the other plug is also increased, and self-balancing sealing which is mutually restricted is formed, so the sealing reliability of the elbow can be effectively improved, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the structure is simpler as a whole, the manufacture is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a module of a heating furnace.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an elbow with a self-balancing sealing plug in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a simplified lever action diagram of the structure of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the plug in the embodiment.
Reference numerals:
a furnace wall 1;
a furnace tube 2, an outlet or inlet 4 of the furnace tube;
tube plates 3, 5;
the elbow comprises an elbow 6, an elbow body 7, a plug 8, a pit 81, a wear-resistant alloy layer 82, a stud 9, a balance beam 10, a hole lug 11, a fulcrum 12 and a shaft pin 13;
heated fluid enters the elbow from the left opening arrow a and then exits from the right opening arrow B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
In the heating furnace with the elbow in this embodiment, the elbow has a self-balancing sealing plug, as shown in fig. 1, the heating furnace includes a plurality of modules stacked up and down, each module includes a furnace wall 1, a support lug arranged on the furnace wall 1, tube plates 3 and 5 supported by the support lug, and a furnace tube 2 supported by the tube plates, and two end portions of the furnace tube 2 are communicated through an elbow 6.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the elbow 6 includes a 180 ° U-shaped elbow body 7, conical through holes are formed in both sides of the elbow body 7, the conical through holes are aligned with the openings of both ends of the elbow body 7, conical plugs 8 for sealing the conical through holes on the corresponding sides of the elbow body are respectively arranged at the two conical through holes, and as the contour of the conical through holes coincides with the inner sealing surfaces of the plugs 8, the conical through holes are not marked in the drawings, the conical sealing structure of the plugs 8 has a compensation function, and the sealing surface is damaged and can be continuously used after being repaired. The elbow body 7 is provided with a pair of hole lugs 11, a shaft pin 13, a support shaft 12 with a circular cross section, a balance beam 10 and two studs 9, the hole lugs 11 are fixed at the top of the elbow body 7, the support shaft 12 is hinged to the two hole lugs 11, the middle part of the balance beam 10 is hinged to the support shaft 12, mounting holes are formed in two end parts of the support shaft 12, the shaft pin 13 is inserted into the mounting holes so as to limit the support shaft 12 along the axial direction, the left and right mutual coordination and balance are very flexible and convenient, the shaft pins 13 are arranged at two ends of the support shaft 12 penetrating through the hole lugs 11, and the support shaft 12 is prevented from moving. The middle part of the balance beam 10 is hinged to the fulcrum shaft 12, the two studs 9 are respectively installed at two end parts of the balance beam 10, the studs 9 are in threaded connection with the balance beam 10, and the two studs 9 respectively abut against the plugs 8 on the corresponding sides so that the plugs 8 seal the conical through holes on the corresponding sides. Only one pair of hole lugs 11 are arranged on the 180-degree elbow body 7, and the hole lugs 11 and the elbow body 7 are cast together. The pair of lugs 11 seals the two conical through holes without the need for two pairs of lugs as is conventional. The two lugs of the pair of hole lugs 11 can be connected into a whole or not, and are determined by stress analysis according to the internal pressure applied to the elbow.
Compared with the prior art, the balance between the sealing fastening force of the two plugs 8 to the two conical through holes can be realized by the lever structure formed by the balance beam 10 and the fulcrum support component 12, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, when one plug 8 is impacted by the elbow internal pressure or fluid, the acting force directly acts on the plug 8, is a push-away force which is unfavorable for sealing, is transmitted to the stud 9 which is abutted against the plug 8 through the plug 8, then acts on the balance beam 10, the push-away force is transmitted to the other plug 8 through the balance beam 10 to form a pressing force on the plug 8, the pressing force transmitted to the other plug 8 is increased as the push-away force is larger, as shown in fig. 4, the balance beam 10 is a lever, the fulcrum 12 is a balance fulcrum of the lever, the larger the F2 is increased as the F1 is, but basically F1= F2 and F = F1+ F2, self-balance sealing which is mutually restricted is formed, so that the sealing reliability of the elbow can be effectively improved, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the structure is simple as a whole and convenient to manufacture.
In this embodiment, the thermal expansion coefficient of the plug 8 is greater than that of the elbow body 7, which is another meaning of the self-balancing seal of the present invention, and the expansion degree of the plug 8 after being heated is greater than the bulging of the conical through hole of the elbow body 7, so as to play a role of self-tightening. A graphite coating is arranged between the plug 8 and the conical through hole, the graphite coating is fine and uniform, and the graphite coated on the outer circle of the plug 8 and the sealing surface of the elbow conical through hole can expand when heated at high temperature and has a self-tightening effect.
The cross section of the balance beam 10 is rectangular, and the balance beam 10 is symmetrically bent in two sections by taking the middle as a symmetry center in the longitudinal direction, so that the elastic balance beam 10 is formed, high-temperature deformation is elastically buffered, and the influence of thermal expansion deformation is compensated.
In this embodiment, the screw thread between the stud 9 and the balance beam 10 is a trapezoidal screw thread having a self-locking function to prevent loosening during vibration.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the plug 8 is provided with a concave pit 81 with a smooth surface, and the concave pit 81 corresponds to the stud 9, so that not only can the round head at the lower end of the stud 9 be quickly and accurately positioned with respect to the plug 8, but also the friction between the plug 8 and the stud 9 can be reduced, and the purpose of light fastening can be achieved.
In this embodiment, a hard wear-resistant alloy layer 82 is disposed on the inner end surface of the plug 8 blocking the conical through hole. The wear-resistant alloy can be overlaid or embedded and resists the erosion of fluid impurities. From the perspective of professional technology, the casting structure is a very uneven, loose and segregated metallographic structure, the welding performance is poor, and the nearby unwelded casting structure can be pulled out of cracks when the welding meat is cooled and shrunk, so that the erosion corrosion resistance of the elbow body 7 without the opening is improved by rarely using a method of overlaying a wear-resistant layer, but the erosion corrosion resistance of the elbow with the opening can be improved by independently overlaying the inner end face of the plug 8. The space of the end face of the independent plug 8, which is narrower than the inner cavity of the elbow, is convenient for surfacing operation, and cracks can be prevented by preheating the plug 8 to a proper temperature and then surfacing, and then performing heat preservation and stress relief after welding. If the overlaying layer is found to be worn during the inspection, the abrasion-resistant layer can be overlaid again for continuous use. Alternatively, the plug 8 is made of other forging materials which are not cast. Therefore, the structure can also prolong the service life of the elbow. In a word, the novel structure is simple, the sealing performance is more reliable than that of the traditional structure, and the novel structure is more suitable for the requirements of various heating furnaces.
In actual production, firstly, a 180-degree elbow body 7 with a hole lug 11 but without a hole is cast;
secondly, the inner surface and the outer surface of the elbow body 7 are finished, and then the inner cavity of the elbow body is filled with water for pressure test and is qualified after inspection.
And thirdly, the elbow body 7 is provided with a conical through hole and a hole on the hole lug 11.
Fourth, the stud 9 is machined and the balance is balanced.
Fifthly, the inner end face of the surfacing plug 8 is about 5mm, the plug 8 needs to be preheated to a sufficient and proper temperature before welding, the stress is eliminated after surfacing, and the surfacing part is subjected to coloring inspection to see whether cracks or other defects exist.
And sixthly, performing finish machining on the plug 8 to enable the conical sealing surface of the plug to be matched with the conical surface of the conical through hole in the elbow body 7, and judging that the attachment degree of the plug reaches more than 95% through red lead grinding.
And seventhly, assembling the integral elbow, filling water into the inner cavity for pressure test once again, checking the sealing performance of the plug 8, and finishing if leakage exists until the elbow is qualified.
And eighthly, when the heating furnace is assembled, the furnace tube and the elbow are welded in a group fitting mode according to the strict pipe arrangement mode required by the design drawing, and the group of welded joints are subjected to ray detection for detecting the inside and coloring for detecting the outer surface, so that the defect of inadmissibility is determined to be avoided.
Finally, the other construction modes of the heating furnace are the same as the traditional process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a take elbow of sealed end cap of self-balancing, characterized by: the elbow comprises a U-shaped elbow body, wherein conical through holes are formed in two side parts of the elbow body, conical plugs for sealing the conical through holes on the corresponding sides of the elbow body are respectively arranged at the two conical through holes, the elbow body is provided with a supporting assembly, a balance beam and two studs, the supporting assembly is fixed at the top of the elbow body, the middle part of the balance beam is hinged to the supporting assembly, the two studs are respectively installed at two end parts of the balance beam, the studs are in threaded connection with the balance beam, and the two studs respectively abut against the plugs on the corresponding sides so that the plugs seal the conical through holes on the corresponding sides of the studs;
the conical through holes are aligned with two end openings of the elbow body;
when one of the plugs is impacted by the pressure in the elbow, the acting force directly acts on the plug, is transmitted to the stud abutted against the plug through the plug and then acts on the balance beam, and is transmitted to the other plug through the balance beam to form pressing force on the plug, so that self-balance sealing of mutual restriction is formed.
2. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the support assembly comprises a pair of hole lugs, a support shaft and a shaft pin, the hole lugs are fixed at the top of the elbow body, the support shaft is hinged to the two hole lugs, the middle of the balance beam is hinged to the support shaft, mounting holes are formed in two end portions of the support shaft, and the shaft pin is inserted into the mounting holes so as to limit the support shaft along the axial direction.
3. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thermal expansion coefficient of the plug is larger than that of the elbow body.
4. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the balance beam is rectangular.
5. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the screw thread between the stud and the balance beam is a trapezoidal screw thread with a self-locking function.
6. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a graphite coating is arranged between the plug and the conical through hole.
7. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the plug is provided with a pit with a smooth surface, and the pit corresponds to the stud.
8. The elbow with the self-balancing sealing plug as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a hard wear-resistant alloy layer is arranged on the inner end face of the plug, which blocks the conical through hole.
9. The utility model provides a heating furnace, includes the module of stack dress from top to bottom of a plurality of, every module all includes the brickwork, sets up journal stirrup on the brickwork, the tube sheet that the journal stirrup supported, the boiler tube that the tube sheet supported, the both ends of boiler tube communicate through the elbow, characterized by: the elbow of any one of claims 1 to 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710465418.3A CN107166126B (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2017-06-19 | Elbow with self-balancing sealing plug and heating furnace with same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710465418.3A CN107166126B (en) | 2017-06-19 | 2017-06-19 | Elbow with self-balancing sealing plug and heating furnace with same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107166126A CN107166126A (en) | 2017-09-15 |
| CN107166126B true CN107166126B (en) | 2022-08-16 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113351129B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-12-20 | 湖北君邦新材料科技有限公司 | Organic silicon thermal synthesis equipment |
| CN114110293B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2025-01-24 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Self-balancing sealing plug and sealing system |
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| GB1452232A (en) * | 1973-09-14 | 1976-10-13 | Sawyer W A | Pipeline plugging apparatus and method |
| CN1038493A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-01-03 | 西屋电气公司 | The balancing turbine rotor method and apparatus |
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| DE102008000049A1 (en) * | 2008-01-14 | 2009-07-23 | Funke Kunststoffe Gmbh | House connection device for connecting of sewage pipe with opening in thick-walled sewer pipe, has threaded ring connected with external thread of center part and/or connection lower part, where center part is guided by spacer ring |
| CN201277405Y (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2009-07-22 | 中国二十冶建设有限公司 | Flexible pipe elbow with thrust reverser |
| CN103174906A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-26 | 河北亚大汽车塑料制品有限公司 | Quick-changing plug of fuel pipe seal detection |
| CN206072625U (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-04-05 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Elbow and double-tube heat exchanger |
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