CN107138995A - Clamp system and turning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of clamp system and turning machine, it is related to machining apparatus technical field, the clamp system that the present invention is provided includes：Vavuum pump, the first vacuum meter, main shaft and clamp assembly, vavuum pump and the first vacuum meter are connected with main shaft, and main shaft is connected with clamp assembly；Clamp assembly includes clamping tool, and clamping tool is provided with locating surface, and locating surface is provided with multiple vacuum holes, and multiple vacuum holes are communicated with the inside of main shaft.The clamp system that the present invention is provided is applied to clamp in workpiece fabrication, to alleviate clamp system in the prior art thin-wall workpiece may be made to be deformed the technical problem low with location efficiency.

Description

Clamping mechanism and turning machine

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, in particular to a clamping mechanism and a turning machine tool.

Background technique

The clamping mechanism is a device used to fix the processing object in the process of mechanical manufacturing so that it occupies the correct position for construction or inspection. During turning, according to the content of turning and the shape and size of the workpiece, a three-jaw chuck or a four-jaw chuck is often used to clamp the workpiece.

The three-jaw automatic chuck mainly includes a chuck body, a small bevel gear on the chuck body, a large bevel gear meshing with the small bevel gear, and three claws on the large bevel gear. When the chuck wrench is inserted into the chuck When any small bevel gear on the disc rotates in the square hole, the small bevel gear drives the large bevel gear to rotate, and the plane thread on the back of the large bevel gear drives the three claws to move toward the center of the groove along the radial direction of the chuck body. Or centrifugal movement to clamp or loosen the workpiece.

There are four radial grooves on the chuck body of the four-jaw chuck, and the four claws are installed in the radial grooves one by one. The back of the claws is threaded to match the screw. When the chuck wrench turns a certain screw, the corresponding jaw can move to realize clamping or loosening of the workpiece. The four-jaw single-action chuck has a large clamping force and can clamp large and other irregularly shaped workpieces.

The clamping force generated by the three-jaw chuck and the four-jaw chuck on the workpiece is difficult to detect and control. For thin-walled workpieces, the clamping force may cause deformation of the workpiece. In addition, using the four-jaw chuck to clamp irregular-shaped workpieces , the alignment operation of the workpiece is more complicated, so that the positioning efficiency is low.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a clamping mechanism to alleviate the technical problems in the prior art that the clamping mechanism may cause deformation of thin-walled workpieces and low positioning efficiency.

The clamping mechanism provided by the present invention includes: a vacuum pump, a first vacuum gauge, a main shaft and a clamping assembly, both the vacuum pump and the first vacuum gauge communicate with the inside of the main shaft, and the main shaft is connected to the clamping assembly connect;

The clamping assembly includes a clamping tool, the clamping tool is provided with a positioning surface, and the positioning surface is provided with a plurality of vacuum holes, and the plurality of vacuum holes communicate with the inside of the main shaft.

Further, the clamping assembly also includes an adapter block, the adapter block is connected to the main shaft, the clamping tool is connected to an end of the adapter block away from the main shaft, and the adapter block is provided with a A through hole connecting the main shaft and the vacuum hole.

Further, connecting holes and positioning holes are correspondingly provided on the connecting block and the clamping tool.

Further, a plurality of dynamic balance adjustment holes are provided on the side of the connecting block, and the plurality of dynamic balance adjusting holes are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting block.

Further, a solenoid valve is provided between the vacuum pump and the spindle, and the solenoid valve is respectively connected to the automatic control mechanism of the machine tool and the external manual control mechanism in signal connection.

Further, a second vacuum gauge is provided between the vacuum pump and the electromagnetic valve.

Further, an alarm mechanism is also included, and the alarm mechanism is signal-connected with the first vacuum gauge.

Further, the positioning surface includes a blade positioning surface and three boss positioning surfaces, the blade positioning surface is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped blade positioning surface protrudes away from the center of the clamping tool, The three boss positioning surfaces are evenly distributed on the side of the blade positioning surface away from the center of the clamping tool.

Further, the blade positioning surface is higher than the boss positioning surface, and the distance between the boss positioning surface and the blade positioning surface is 1.082mm-1.087mm.

When using the clamping mechanism provided by the present invention to clamp the workpiece, the positioning surface of the workpiece is in contact with the positioning surface on the clamping tool, and the positioning surface on the clamping tool can quickly locate the workpiece, start the vacuum pump, and clamp The vacuum hole on the tooling communicates with the interior of the main shaft, and the interior of the main shaft communicates with the vacuum pump. The workpiece is fixed on the clamping tooling by pressure. The first vacuum gauge displays the vacuum pressure value of the workpiece in real time to prevent the vacuum pressure of the workpiece from exceeding the workpiece. The limit value of the workpiece is deformed.

Compared with the existing clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism provided by the invention utilizes the positioning surface on the clamping tool to realize rapid positioning of the workpiece, which improves the positioning efficiency; the vacuum pump cooperates with the first vacuum gauge to position the workpiece to While clamping the tooling, it prevents the deformation of the workpiece due to excessive force, and protects the workpiece.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a turning machine tool to alleviate the technical problems in the prior art that the clamping mechanism may cause deformation of the thin-walled workpiece and the positioning efficiency is low.

The turning machine tool provided by the present invention includes the clamping mechanism described in the above technical solution.

The turning machine tool and the above-mentioned clamping mechanism have the same advantages over the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a clamping mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the clamping tool in the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a front view of the connecting block in the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a right side view of the connecting block in the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Icons: 100-vacuum pump; 200-first vacuum gauge; 300-spindle; 400-clamping assembly; 410-clamping tooling; 411-vacuum hole; 412-blade positioning surface; 413-boss positioning surface; 420-connection block; 421-through hole; 422-dynamic balance adjustment hole; 430-connecting hole; 440-positioning hole; 500-electromagnetic valve; 600-the second vacuum gauge.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or in a specific orientation. construction and operation, therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

Embodiment one

Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a vacuum pump 100, a first vacuum gauge 200, a spindle 300 and a clamping assembly 400, and a vacuum pump 100 and the first vacuum gauge 200 are both connected to the main shaft 300, and the main shaft 300 is connected to the clamping assembly 400; the clamping assembly 400 includes a clamping tool 410, and the clamping tool 410 is provided with a positioning surface, and a plurality of vacuum gauges are arranged on the positioning surface. The hole 411 and the plurality of vacuum holes 411 communicate with the inside of the main shaft 300 .

As shown in Figure 1, the main shaft 300 is a hollow tube, one end of the main shaft 300 is connected to the vacuum pump 100 through a vent pipe, and the other end is connected to the clamping assembly 400, and one end of the main shaft 300 connected to the vacuum pump 100 is connected to the first vacuum pump through a vent pipe. The gauge 200 is connected such that the first vacuum gauge 200 detects the vacuum pressure inside the spindle 300 .

When using the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention to clamp the workpiece, the positioning surface of the workpiece is contacted with the positioning surface on the clamping tool 410, and the positioning surface on the clamping tool 410 plays a role in quickly locating the workpiece. The vacuum pump 100, the vacuum hole 411 on the clamping tool 410 communicates with the inside of the main shaft 300, and the inside of the main shaft 300 communicates with the vacuum pump 100. The workpiece is fixed on the clamping tool 410 by using pressure, and the first vacuum gauge 200 displays the vacuum pressure on the workpiece in real time. Value, to prevent the vacuum pressure of the workpiece from exceeding the limit value that the workpiece can withstand, which will cause the workpiece to deform.

Compared with the existing clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the positioning surface on the clamping tool 410 to realize rapid positioning of the workpiece, which improves the positioning efficiency; the first vacuum pump 100 and the first vacuum gauge 200 Cooperate, when the workpiece is positioned on the clamping tool 410, at the same time, it prevents the workpiece from being deformed due to excessive force, and protects the workpiece.

Further, the clamping assembly 400 also includes an adapter block 420, the adapter block 420 is connected with the main shaft 300, the clamping tool 410 is connected to the end of the adapter block 420 away from the main shaft 300, and the adapter block 420 is provided with a hole for communicating with the main shaft 300 and the vacuum hole. 411 through hole 421 .

As shown in Figure 1, the connecting block 420 is cylindrical, and the circumferential surface of the connecting block 420 is provided with a groove extending along the circumferential direction of the connecting block 420, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the middle part of the connecting block 420 is provided with A cylindrical through hole 421, the axis of the through hole 421 coincides with the axis of the connecting block 420; the right end of the connecting block 420 shown in Fig. At the right end shown, the vacuum hole 411 on the clamping tool 410 communicates with the through hole 421 on the connecting block 420 , so that the vacuum hole 411 communicates with the inside of the main shaft 300 . Different clamping devices 410 can be used to position different workpieces, so that the clamping devices 410 are connected to the main shaft 300 through the connecting block 420, and the clamping devices 410 on the connecting block 420 can be conveniently replaced according to the needs of workpieces to be processed.

Further, the connecting block 420 and the clamping tool 410 are correspondingly provided with a connection hole 430 and a positioning hole 440 .

The clamping tool 410 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the clamping tool 410 is equal to the diameter of the connecting block 420. A connecting shaft is arranged on the end face of the clamping tooling 410 that cooperates with the connecting block 420, and the axis of the connecting shaft and the axis of the clamping tool 410 Overlap; as shown in Figure 2, four positioning holes 440 are provided on the clamping tool 410, wherein, two positioning holes 440 are positioned at the upper side of the horizontal diameter line shown in Figure 2 of the clamping tool 410, and the two positioning holes 440 is opposite to the vertical diameter line of the clamping tool 410, and the other two positioning holes 440 are located on the lower side of the diameter line shown in Figure 2 of the clamping tool 410, and the two positioning holes are positioned relative to the vertical diameter of the clamping tool 410. The straight diameter lines are arranged oppositely, and the two positioning holes 440 on the upper side are arranged opposite to the two positioning holes 440 on the lower side; meanwhile, the clamping tool 410 is provided with four connecting holes 430, and the four connecting holes 430 They are all threaded holes, wherein, the two connecting holes 430 are located between the two positioning holes 440 on the upper side, and are set opposite to the vertical diameter line of the clamping tool 410, and the other two connecting holes 430 are located on the two lower sides. Between the two positioning holes 440, and relative to the vertical diameter line of the clamping tool 410, the two connecting holes 430 on the upper side are arranged opposite to the two connecting holes 430 on the lower side. As shown in Figure 3, four connection holes 430 and four positioning holes 440 are provided on the matching end surface of the connecting block 420 and the clamping tool 410, and the four connecting holes 430 on the connecting block 420 and the four positioning holes on the clamping tool 410 The connecting holes 430 are arranged opposite to each other, and the four positioning holes 440 on the connecting block 420 are arranged opposite to the four positioning holes 440 on the clamping tool 410 .

When connecting the clamping tool 410 to the connecting block 420, first use the pin shaft to make the axis of the positioning hole 440 on the clamping tool 410 coincide with the axis of the positioning hole 440 on the connecting block 420 one by one, and the clamping tool 410 The connecting shaft on the upper part matches the through hole 421 on the connecting block 420, and the pin shaft is fixed in the positioning hole 440 on the clamping tool 410 and the positioning hole 440 on the connecting block 420 to prevent the clamping tooling 410 from moving relative to the connecting block 420 , and then make the bolt cooperate with the connecting hole 430 on the clamping tool 410 and the connecting hole 430 on the connecting block 420 to realize the connection between the clamping tool 410 and the connecting block 420 .

Further, a plurality of dynamic balance adjustment holes 422 are provided on the side of the connecting block 420 , and the plurality of dynamic balance adjusting holes 422 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the connecting block 420 .

There are deviations in the process of manufacturing and installing the connecting block 420. At the same time, the workpiece is only adsorbed on one side of the end face of the clamping tool 410, which causes the weight of the clamping mechanism to be different on the divergent line centered on the center of the circle. In the process of high-speed rotation, it is easy to have different axis movements, which will cause the vibration of the machine tool and the poor product size; the setting of the dynamic balance adjustment hole 422 can increase the appropriate counterweight at the required position according to the test results, so that the clamping mechanism can The weight on the diverging line centered on the center of the circle is nearly the same, thereby improving the stability of the clamping mechanism during rotation.

Further, a solenoid valve 500 is provided between the vacuum pump 100 and the spindle 300, and the solenoid valve 500 is respectively connected to the automatic control mechanism of the machine tool and the external manual control mechanism for signal connection.

As shown in Figure 1, the electromagnetic valve 500 is arranged on the air pipe connecting the vacuum pump 100 and the main shaft 300, the opening on one side of the electromagnetic valve 500 is connected with the vacuum pump 100 through the air pipe, and the opening on the opposite side is through the air pipe It is connected with the main shaft 300; the control line of the electromagnetic valve 500 is connected with the programmable machine tool controller of the machine tool and the external manual control mechanism signal at the same time, which can realize the automatic and external manual control of the electromagnetic valve 500 of the machine tool at the same time. Through the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 500 , the connection and disconnection of the vacuum pump 100 and the main shaft 300 are controlled.

The solenoid valve 500 is also provided with an air pressure hole and an air release valve. The air pressure hole is used to feed air into the vacuum hole 411 to reduce the negative pressure in the vacuum hole 411 when the workpiece is unloaded, thereby reducing the force on the workpiece and facilitating the removal of the workpiece. Disassembled from the clamping tool 410; the air release valve is used to realize the movement of the solenoid valve 500, and the air release valve can eliminate positive air pressure, so that the reverse movement of the solenoid valve 500 is faster and more sensitive.

Further, a second vacuum gauge 600 is provided between the vacuum pump 100 and the solenoid valve 500 .

As shown in Figure 1, the second vacuum gauge 600 is set on the air pipe connecting the vacuum pump 100 and the solenoid valve 500, the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump 100 is first transmitted to the second vacuum gauge 600, and the second vacuum gauge 600 displays the output of the vacuum pump 100 The negative pressure can be determined according to the size of the partial pressure output by the vacuum pump 100 according to the display of the second vacuum gauge 600 .

Further, an alarm mechanism is also included, and the alarm mechanism is connected with the first vacuum gauge 200 in signal.

Specifically, the alarm mechanism includes a signal receiving assembly and an alarm assembly, the signal receiving assembly is connected with the first vacuum gauge 200 and the alarm assembly signal respectively, the signal receiving assembly and the alarm assembly are all arranged on the machine tool, and the signal receiving assembly is connected with the processing mechanism of the machine tool Signal connection, the alarm component can be an alarm or a buzzer, etc. During the processing, the first vacuum gauge 200 detects the vacuum pressure value at the positioning surface in real time. When the workpiece is not installed accurately, there is a gap between the end surface of the workpiece and the positioning surface, thereby reducing the vacuum pressure value at the positioning surface. When the vacuum pressure value at the positioning surface detected by a vacuum gauge 200 decreases, the output voltage decreases, and the signal receiving component receives the voltage signal delivered by the first vacuum gauge 200. When the voltage received by the signal receiving component is lower than the preset value, The signal receiving component controls the alarm component to alarm, and stops the processing mechanism in the machine tool to prevent the workpiece from flying out and causing damage to the tool or the machine tool; when the vacuum pressure at the positioning surface increases, the output voltage of the first vacuum gauge 200 increases, When the voltage signal output by the first vacuum gauge 200 received by the signal receiving component is higher than the preset value, the signal receiving component controls the alarm component to give an alarm, and stops the processing mechanism in the machine tool to prevent the workpiece from being generated due to excessive force. out of shape.

Further, the positioning surface includes a blade positioning surface 412 and three boss positioning surfaces 413, the blade positioning surface 412 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped blade positioning surface 412 protrudes away from the center of the clamping tool 410, three The boss positioning surface 413 is evenly distributed on the side of the blade positioning surface 412 away from the center of the clamping tool 410 .

As shown in Figure 2, the center of circle corresponding to the arc-shaped blade positioning surface 412 coincides with the center of the clamping tooling 410; There are a plurality of arc-shaped grooves on the top, which are used to reduce the contact area between the blade positioning surface 412 and the workpiece, thereby reducing the planes requiring high-precision machining and improving the efficiency of processing the clamping tool 410; The grooves are evenly distributed on the blade positioning surface 412, so that the plane that can play a positioning role is evenly distributed, and the vacuum holes 411 are evenly distributed along the two sides of the blade positioning surface 412, and the vacuum holes 411 between the two sides are located on adjacent The uniform distribution of the vacuum holes 411 between the grooves makes the adsorption force on the workpiece more uniform and prevents deformation of the workpiece due to uneven force. The boss positioning surfaces 413 are all located on the side of the blade positioning surface 412 away from the center of the clamping tool 410, wherein one boss positioning surface 413 is located on the left side of the blade positioning surface 412 as shown in FIG. The positioning surface 413 is located on the right side of the blade positioning surface 412 as shown in FIG. 2 , and the third boss positioning surface 413 is located on the upper side of the blade positioning surface 412 as shown in FIG. 2 . When positioning the workpiece, the three bosses on the workpiece match with the three boss positioning surfaces 413 one by one, and the rest cooperate with the blade positioning surface 412 to realize the positioning of the workpiece.

Further, the blade positioning surface 412 is higher than the boss positioning surface 413, and the distance between the boss positioning surface 413 and the blade positioning surface 412 is 1.082mm-1.087mm.

Specifically, the processed workpiece includes a blade and three bosses, the end faces of the three bosses are located on the same plane and higher than the end face of the blade, the end faces of the three bosses are all 1.092mm higher than the end face of the blade, and the boss positioning surface 413 The distance difference from the blade positioning surface 412 is 1.082mm-1.087mm. , when the blade is positioned on the blade positioning surface 412, the interference ratio between the boss and the boss positioning surface 413 ranges from 0.005 mm to 0.01 mm. When the interference between the boss and the boss positioning surface 413 is less than 0.005mm, the end surface of the boss is suspended relative to the boss positioning surface 413, and during the processing, the workpiece vibrates to cause the end surface of the boss to produce vibration lines; When the interference between the boss and the boss positioning surface 413 is greater than 0.01 mm, the workpiece may be inclined after being clamped, so that different parts of the same workpiece have different thicknesses. The distance between the boss positioning surface 413 and the blade positioning surface 412 ranges from 1.082mm to 1.087mm, so that the interference ratio between the boss and the boss positioning surface 413 ranges from 0.005mm to 0.01mm, preventing the end surface of the boss from being generated. Vibration lines or the thickness of the workpiece being machined are different.

Further, the positioning surface 413 of the boss adopts an insert type positioning. When processing the positioning surface 413 of the boss, a groove is cut on the end face of the clamping tool 410 by wire cutting, and the processed positioning block is embedded in the groove. The end face of the positioning block facing the opening of the groove is convex. Table positioning surface 413. The boss positioning surface 413 adopts an insert type positioning, and the distance between the boss positioning surface 413 and the blade positioning surface 412 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the insert in the groove, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the boss and the boss positioning surface 413. The amount of interference.

Embodiment two

The purpose of the second embodiment is to provide a turning machine tool to alleviate the technical problems in the prior art that the clamping mechanism may deform the thin-walled workpiece and the positioning efficiency is low.

The turning machine tool provided in the second embodiment includes the clamping mechanism provided in the first embodiment.

The turning machine tool provided in Embodiment 2 has the same advantages as the clamping mechanism provided in Embodiment 1 over the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of clamp system, it is characterised in that including：Vavuum pump, the first vacuum meter, main shaft and clamp assembly, the vacuum Pump and first vacuum meter are connected with the main shaft, and the main shaft is connected with the clamp assembly；

The clamp assembly includes clamping tool, and the clamping tool is provided with locating surface, and the locating surface is provided with multiple true Emptying aperture, inside of multiple vacuum holes with the main shaft is communicated.

2. clamp system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the clamp assembly also includes linking block, the rank Connect block to be connected with the main shaft, the clamping tool is connected to one end of the remote main shaft of the linking block, the linking Block is provided with the through hole for being used for connecting the main shaft and the vacuum hole.

3. clamp system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that on the linking block and the clamping tool accordingly Provided with connecting hole and positioning hole.

4. clamp system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the side of the linking block is provided with multiple dynamic balancing Adjusting hole, circumference of multiple dynamic balancing adjustment holes along the linking block is uniformly distributed.

5. clamp system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that electromagnetism is provided between the vavuum pump and the main shaft Valve, the magnetic valve is connected with the automatic controls of lathe and external manual control mechanism signal respectively.

6. clamp system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that provided with the between the vavuum pump and the magnetic valve Two vacuum meters.

7. clamp system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including alarm mechanism, the alarm mechanism and institute State the connection of the first vacuum meter signal.

8. the clamp system according to claim any one of 1-7, it is characterised in that the locating surface is positioned including blade Face and three boss locating surfaces, the blade locating surface are curved, and curved blade positioning is clamped away from described The direction protrusion at the center of frock, three boss locating surfaces are uniformly distributed in the remote clamping of the blade locating surface The side at the center of frock.

9. clamp system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the blade locating surface is positioned higher than the boss The distance between face, the boss locating surface and blade locating surface scope is 1.082mm-1.087mm.

10. a kind of turning machine, it is characterised in that including the clamp system as described in claim any one of 1-9.