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CN107123812B - A positive electrode current collector, its preparation method and its application - Google Patents

A positive electrode current collector, its preparation method and its application Download PDF

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CN107123812B
CN107123812B CN201710243721.9A CN201710243721A CN107123812B CN 107123812 B CN107123812 B CN 107123812B CN 201710243721 A CN201710243721 A CN 201710243721A CN 107123812 B CN107123812 B CN 107123812B
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layer
current collector
positive electrode
electrode current
metal
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CN107123812A (en
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严佐毅
刘文卿
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Chongqing Jinmei New Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665Composites
    • H01M4/667Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive current collector, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises sequentially plating an adhesion enhancing layer, an aluminum metal coating and an anti-oxidation layer by evaporation coating; the application of the positive electrode current collector is mainly applied to lithium ion batteries. The positive current collector can realize the light weight of the battery and improve the energy density, and can ensure that the aluminum plating layer is not easy to fall off and oxidize.

Description

Positive current collector, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a positive current collector, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The current collector of the anode of the traditional lithium ion battery is aluminum foil. With the development of lithium battery technology, high energy density, light weight and flexibility of lithium ion batteries are pursued by people. And the aluminum foil is thinned, so that the light weight of the lithium ion battery can be realized, and the energy density is improved. However, due to the limitation of the preparation technology, the thickness of the aluminum foil is difficult to reduce (the current aluminum foil can be produced to 8 μm in mass); further, as the aluminum foil becomes thinner, the mechanical strength is lowered, and the workability is lowered, so that a new "thinning technique" is required.
In the prior art, aluminum is plated on plastic (such as PET) as a current collector to improve the energy density of the battery, reduce the cost and lighten the weight of the battery. But the maximum thickness of aluminizing is 2.0 μm (a certain thickness is needed to achieve satisfactory conductivity), which is much thicker than that of aluminizing coating of conventional packaging materials, and the thicker the coating, the easier the aluminizing coating is to be peeled off from the plastic.
In addition, the surface of the aluminum foil needs to be subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, because the aluminum foil is directly contacted with the anode material, and the aluminum foil can be corroded by the electrolyte after a long time, so that the service life of the lithium ion battery is shortened. We find that after the plastic is directly plated with aluminum, the aluminum plating layer is easy to fall off by adopting the traditional anti-oxidation method.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode current collector that can reduce the weight of a battery, increase the energy density, and reduce the cost, and can prevent an aluminum plating layer from falling off and oxidizing.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a positive electrode current collector.
A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a use of the positive electrode collector.
The invention provides a positive current collector which has a multilayer structure and comprises a plastic film, wherein an adhesive force enhancement layer, an aluminum metal coating and an anti-oxidation layer are sequentially plated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the plastic film.
Further, the plastic film is OPP, PI, PET, CPP or PVC.
Further, the thickness of the plastic film is 2-12 μm.
Further, the adhesion enhancing layer is a metal coating or a non-metal coating, and when the adhesion enhancing layer is a metal coating, the metal is Ni; when the coating is a non-metal coating, the non-metal is SiC or Si3N4Or Al2O3
Further, the thickness of the adhesion enhancement layer is 10-100 nm.
Further, the thickness of the aluminum metal plating layer is 100-2000 nm.
Further, the oxidation prevention layer is a dense metal layer or a non-metal layer, and when the oxidation prevention layer is a metal layer, the metal is Ni; when a non-metal layer, the non-metal is Al2O3、Si3N4Or SiC.
Further, the thickness of the anti-oxidation layer is 10-100 nm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a positive current collector, which comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, performing corona treatment on the surface of a plastic film to be coated, then placing a wound roll plastic film into a vacuum chamber of a double-sided reciprocating electron beam evaporation coating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and gradually vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3-6×10-3Pa, adopting an electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment collision to evaporate the raw material Al2O3Adjusting the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation capacity, and Al2O3Absorbing heat and gasifying to form Al layer on the surface of the moving film2O3A plating layer, i.e., an adhesion enhancing layer;
s2, Al plating obtained in S12O3Placing the film into a vacuum chamber of a double-sided reciprocating evaporation film plating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and gradually vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 4 multiplied by 10-2-6×10-2Pa, heating the evaporation mechanism to 1300-1400 ℃, then conveying the aluminum to the evaporation mechanism, adjusting the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation capacity, continuously melting and evaporating the aluminum in the evaporation mechanism, and forming an aluminum-plated layer, namely an aluminum metal plating layer, on the surface of the moving film;
s3, placing the aluminizer obtained in the step S2 into a vacuum chamber of a film plating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing step by step until the vacuum degree reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3-6×10-3Pa, adopting an electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment collision to evaporate the raw material Al2O3Adjusting the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation capacity, and Al2O3Absorbing heat and gasifying to form Al layer on the surface of the moving film2O3And the coating is an oxidation preventing layer.
The application of the positive electrode current collector provided by the invention is mainly in batteries, especially in lithium ion batteries.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
(1) the weight reduction is realized through the plastic film layer, wherein the weight reduction of the aluminized film current collector can be realized by 50%, the thickness is reduced by 30%, and the energy density of the battery is obviously improved;
(2) the plastic film as a substrate has stronger tensile strength, so that windows such as tension, pressure and the like in the preparation process can be larger, and thus, a material preparation section can realize larger compaction density by adopting higher pressure, and the manufacturing capacity of the process is improved;
(3) the adhesion enhancement layer is plated, so that the falling of the aluminum metal coating can be reduced, and the performance loss of the current collector caused by the easy falling of the aluminum metal coating can be effectively prevented;
(4) the anti-oxidation layer obtained by adopting the film coating mode can solve the problem that an aluminum coating on the plastic falls off and simultaneously achieves the aim of preventing oxidation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a multilayer structure of a positive electrode current collector of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the positive current collector has a multilayer structure, and includes a plastic film 1, wherein an adhesion enhancing layer 2, an aluminum metal plating layer 3 and an oxidation preventing layer 4 are sequentially plated on the upper and lower surfaces of the plastic film 1.
The weight reduction is realized through the plastic film layer, wherein the weight reduction of the aluminized film current collector can be realized by 50%, the thickness is reduced by 30%, and the energy density of the battery is obviously improved. The plastic film is preferably OPP, PI, PET, CPP or PVC. Wherein OPP is oriented polypropylene plastic; PI is polyimide plastic; PET is polyethylene terephthalate plastic, CPP is casting polypropylene plastic, and PVC is polyvinyl chloride plastic. Further preferably PET, PI, CPP; the thickness of the plastic film is preferably 2 to 12 μm, and more preferably 6 to 10 μm. The temperature resistance of the plastic film is 120-300 ℃.
The adhesion enhancement layer is plated, so that the falling of the aluminum metal coating can be reduced, and the performance loss of the current collector caused by the easy falling of the aluminum metal coating can be effectively prevented. The adhesion enhancement layer is preferably a metal coating or a non-metal coating, and when the adhesion enhancement layer is a metal coating, the metal is Ni; when the coating is a non-metal coating, the non-metal is SiC or Si3N4Or Al2O3More preferably, Al2O3。Al2O3The adhesive property with the plastic film layer and the aluminum metal coating is better, so that the aluminum coating is more difficult to fall off. The thickness of the adhesion enhancing layer is preferably 10 to 100nm, more preferably 10 to 50 nm.
The thickness of the aluminum metal plating layer may be 100 to 2000nm, and more preferably 500 to 1000 nm.
The oxidation preventing layer functions or aims to prevent the aluminum metal plating layer from being oxidized. The anti-oxidation layer can be a compact metal layer or a non-metal layer, and when the anti-oxidation layer is a metal layer, the metal is Ni; when a non-metal layer, the non-metal is Al2O3、Si3N4Or SiC, more preferably Al2O3. When the anti-oxidation layer is obtained by adopting a film coating mode, the problem that an aluminum coating on the plastic falls off can be solved, and the aim of preventing oxidation is fulfilled. The thickness of the oxidation preventing layer may be 10 to 100nm, and more preferably 10 to 50 nm.
This is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a positive current collector comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, performing corona treatment on the surface of a plastic film to be coated, then placing a wound roll plastic film into a vacuum chamber of a double-sided reciprocating electron beam evaporation coating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and gradually vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3-6×10-3Pa, adopting an electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment collision to evaporate the raw material Al2O3Adjust and place the medicine wellWinding speed, winding speed and evaporation amount, Al2O3Absorbing heat and gasifying to form Al layer on the surface of the moving film2O3A plating layer, i.e., an adhesion enhancing layer;
s2, Al plating obtained in S12O3Placing the film into a vacuum chamber of a double-sided reciprocating evaporation film plating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and gradually vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 4 multiplied by 10-2-6×10-2Pa, heating the evaporation mechanism to 1300-1400 ℃, then conveying the aluminum to the evaporation mechanism, adjusting the unreeling speed, the reeling speed and the evaporation amount, continuously melting and evaporating the aluminum in the evaporation mechanism, and forming a layer of aluminum on the surface of the moving film, namely an aluminum metal coating;
s3, placing the aluminizer obtained in the step S2 into a vacuum chamber of a film plating machine, sealing the vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing step by step until the vacuum degree reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3-6×10-3Pa, adopting an electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment collision to evaporate the raw material Al2O3Adjusting the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation capacity, and Al2O3Absorbing heat and gasifying to form Al layer on the surface of the moving film2O3And the coating is an oxidation preventing layer. The application of the positive electrode current collector provided by the invention is mainly in batteries, especially in lithium ion batteries.
Thereby obtaining a positive electrode current collector having a multi-layered structure.
The most basic function of the positive electrode current collector obtained in example 1 is to collect current and store the positive electrode material as a carrier, that is, collect current generated by the positive electrode material (battery active material) to form a large current to be output to the outside.
The positive electrode current collector obtained in example 1 was tested, and the test results can be concluded as follows:
(1) the weight reduction is realized through the plastic film layer, wherein the weight reduction of the aluminized film current collector can be realized by 50%, the thickness is reduced by 30%, and the energy density of the battery is obviously improved. (ii) a
(2) The plastic film as a substrate has stronger tensile strength, so that windows such as tension, pressure and the like in the preparation process can be larger, and thus, a material preparation section can realize larger compaction density by adopting higher pressure, and the manufacturing capacity of the process is improved;
(3) the adhesion enhancement layer is plated, so that the falling of the aluminum metal coating can be reduced, and the performance loss of the current collector caused by the easy falling of the aluminum metal coating can be effectively prevented;
(4) the anti-oxidation layer obtained by adopting the film coating mode can solve the problem that an aluminum coating on the plastic falls off and simultaneously achieves the aim of preventing oxidation.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种正极集流体,其特征在于,其具有多层结构,包括塑料薄膜,在所述塑料薄膜的上、下表面依次镀有粘接力增强层、铝金属镀层和防氧化层,所述粘接力增强层为非金属镀膜,所述非金属为Al2O31. a positive electrode current collector, is characterized in that, it has multi-layer structure, comprises plastic film, and is plated successively with adhesion enhancement layer, aluminum metal coating and anti-oxidation layer on the upper and lower surfaces of described plastic film, so The adhesion enhancement layer is a non-metallic plating film, and the non-metal is Al 2 O 3 . 2.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述塑料薄膜为OPP、PI、PET、CPP或PVC。2 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the plastic film is OPP, PI, PET, CPP or PVC. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述塑料薄膜的厚度为2-12μm。3 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the plastic film is 2-12 μm. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述粘接力增强层的厚度为10-100nm。4 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the adhesion enhancing layer is 10-100 nm. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述铝金属镀层的厚度为100-2000nm。5 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the aluminum metal plating layer is 100-2000 nm. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述防氧化层是致密的金属层或非金属层,当为金属层时,所述金属为Ni;当为非金属层时,所述非金属为Al2O3、Si3N4或SiC。6 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-oxidation layer is a dense metal layer or a non-metal layer, when it is a metal layer, the metal is Ni; when it is a non-metal layer , the non-metal is Al 2 O 3 , Si 3 N 4 or SiC. 7.根据权利要求1所述的正极集流体,其特征在于,所述防氧化层的厚度为10-100nm。7 . The positive electrode current collector according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-oxidation layer has a thickness of 10-100 nm. 8 . 8.一种权利要求1所述的正极集流体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:8. the preparation method of the positive electrode current collector of claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1.首先对需要镀膜的塑料薄膜表面进行电晕处理,然后将卷筒塑料薄膜置入双面往返电子束蒸发镀膜机真空室内,将真空室密封,逐级抽真空至真空度达到3×10-3-6×10- 3Pa,采用电子枪加速电子轰击碰撞蒸镀原料Al2O3,调整好放卷速度、收卷速度和蒸发量,Al2O3吸热气化,在移动的薄膜表面形成一层Al2O3镀层,即粘接力增强层;S1. First perform corona treatment on the surface of the plastic film to be coated, then put the roll of plastic film into the vacuum chamber of the double-sided reciprocating electron beam evaporation coating machine, seal the vacuum chamber, and pump the vacuum step by step until the vacuum degree reaches 3×10 -3 -6×10 - 3 Pa, use electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment and collide with Al 2 O 3 raw material for evaporation, adjust the unwinding speed, rewinding speed and evaporation amount, Al 2 O 3 absorbs heat and vaporizes, in the moving film A layer of Al 2 O 3 coating is formed on the surface, that is, the adhesion enhancement layer; S2.将S1得到的镀Al2O3膜置入双面往返蒸发镀膜机真空室内,将真空室密封,逐级抽真空至真空度达到4×10-2-6×10-2Pa,将蒸发机构升温至1300℃-1400℃,然后再把铝送至蒸发机构上,调整好放卷速度、收卷速度和蒸发量,铝在蒸发机构中持续熔化、蒸发,在移动的薄膜表面形成一层镀铝层,即铝金属镀层;S2. Put the Al 2 O 3 film obtained in S1 into the vacuum chamber of the double-sided reciprocating evaporation coating machine, seal the vacuum chamber, and gradually evacuate until the vacuum degree reaches 4 × 10 -2 -6 × 10 -2 Pa. The evaporation mechanism is heated to 1300℃-1400℃, and then the aluminum is sent to the evaporation mechanism, and the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation amount are adjusted. The aluminum continues to melt and evaporate in the evaporation mechanism. Aluminized layer, that is, aluminum metal coating; S3.将S2得到的镀铝膜置入镀膜机真空室内,将真空室密封,逐级抽真空至真空度达到3×10-3-6×10-3Pa,采用电子枪加速电子轰击碰撞蒸镀原料Al2O3,调整好放卷速度、收卷速度和蒸发量,Al2O3吸热气化,在移动的薄膜表面形成一层Al2O3镀层,即防氧化层。S3. Put the aluminized film obtained in S2 into the vacuum chamber of the coating machine, seal the vacuum chamber, and step-by-step vacuumize until the vacuum degree reaches 3×10 -3 -6×10 -3 Pa, and use an electron gun to accelerate electron bombardment collision evaporation The raw material Al 2 O 3 is adjusted to the unwinding speed, the winding speed and the evaporation amount, and the Al 2 O 3 absorbs heat and vaporizes, forming a layer of Al 2 O 3 coating on the surface of the moving film, that is, an anti-oxidation layer. 9.一种电池,其特征在于,包括根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的正极集流体。9. A battery, characterized by comprising the positive electrode current collector according to any one of claims 1-7.
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