CN107125062A - A kind of novel degradable mulch film and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of novel degradable mulch film, is made of non-woven fabrics material.Degradable, when plant strain growth goes out and needs to take off film, it is voluntarily degraded, and eliminates the cost of manual recovery, available for crops, such as corn, strawberry, cotton, peanut, the plantation of tobacco.It is made of non-woven fabrics material, non-woven fabrics material, which has, does not produce electrostatic, will not adsorb with user, simultaneously, non-woven fabrics will not heat build-up, so when being planted under film, after plant strain growth, touch the part of the novel degradable mulch film and will not be formed and burnt, further, since non-woven fabrics has certain space, the root system of plant can grow downwards, the normal growth of plant root is not interfered with, root system is not easy to aging.

Description

A new type of degradable mulch film and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a novel degradable plastic film and its application method.

Background technique

In the process of planting many crops, especially tobacco plants, in order to obtain a better growth environment, mulch is used, while the traditional mulch is a plastic (polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride) film. Although it can play the role of heat preservation, water retention and fertilizer preservation, but at the same time, it has many negative effects.

For example, after the mulch film is placed, it needs to be recycled, but the recycling is done manually, which makes it difficult to recycle and causes high recycling costs; at the same time, the mulch film that has not been recycled is not easy to degrade. According to current research, it takes about 300 years for the polyethylene mulch film to completely decompose. time, which caused serious white pollution.

In addition, in addition to the high labor cost and environmental pollution caused, there are also many defects in use.

For example, because the plastic is not breathable, it is easy to cause water vapor to accumulate to form mist, which reduces the light transmittance of the mulch, which in turn affects the growth of plants under the mulch; and because the traditional polyethylene (polyvinyl chloride) mulch does not have gaps, The product is airtight, which will easily lead to the lack of oxygen under the film. The root system of the plant will grow sideways or even upward due to lack of oxygen, and the root system is easy to age, which will affect the nutrient absorption of the root system. The root system is the main source of nutrients for the plant. This effect will lead to Defects in plant growth.

In addition, due to the light-absorbing characteristics of the plastic film itself, in the case of planting under the film, when the plant grows, it is easy to cause burns on the part of the plant that touches the film due to strong light absorption.

In addition, since plastic mulch is prone to static electricity, it is also easy to be adsorbed on the person who lays the mulch or other objects that come into contact with it during use, causing certain inconvenience.

Therefore, based on the above-mentioned defects and inconveniences, it is necessary to improve the traditional mulch film, while retaining the thermal insulation and water retention properties of the mulch film, while improving the performance of other aspects.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a novel degradable plastic film, which solves the problems mentioned above.

The technical solution of the present invention is realized in the following way: a new type of degradable mulch is made of non-woven material, which has the property of not generating static electricity and will not be adsorbed on the user, and at the same time, the non-woven fabric will not gather heat , so when the film is planted, after the plant grows, the part that touches the new degradable film will not cause burns. In addition, because the non-woven fabric has certain gaps, air can pass through, ensuring sufficient oxygen under the film , the root system of the plant can grow downward normally, and the root system is not easy to age.

Preferably, the non-woven fabric is made of polypropylene, because the non-woven material, especially the non-woven material of polypropylene, has a certain air permeability and prevents the generation of water mist. At the same time, polyethylene has Degradable performance, after use, the degradation time is about 3 months, after degradation, there is no need for recycling, which reduces the cost of recycling, although there is a certain increase in the production cost of the new degradable film, but Combined with the reduction of recycling costs, the overall cost of use is basically the same.

Furthermore, the polypropylene used per square meter is 9-15g. On the one hand, the thickness of the film is guaranteed, and at the same time, the porosity of the film is also controlled, which can play the role of heat preservation and water retention. At the same time, it can prevent the root system from growing laterally. Ensure the nutrient supply of plants.

In addition, the thickness of polypropylene also determines the size of its porosity, which is suitable for different covering environments. When the temperature is low in winter, it can be covered with thicker products to improve the effect of heat preservation and water retention.

Preferably, calcium carbonate is also added therein to adjust the degradation time, stretching, toughness and other properties of the novel degradable film. Adding calcium carbonate will directly affect the degradation time of the product, so that it can be used according to the needs of use. Adjust to achieve product degradation times consistent with the time plants need to be covered.

More preferably, the addition of calcium carbonate is 0-6g per square meter, the addition of calcium carbonate can adjust the degradation time of the product, so as to adapt to the different requirements of the covering time when different plants grow, and at the same time , the addition of calcium carbonate in a certain proportion can also improve the tensile properties of the product. The change of tensile properties, according to the proportion of calcium carbonate added, shows a trend of rising first and then decreasing. When the addition of calcium carbonate and polypropylene is 2 :8, its tensile properties are better, in addition, the addition of calcium carbonate also affects the impact strength of the product, generally showing a trend of first falling and then rising, generally lower at 1:9, and then began to rise, 2: 8 o'clock is generally good.

The use method of the new degradable plastic film is to directly cover the plastic film on the ground surface without recycling. If all polypropylene materials are used, it will be completely degraded after about 90 days. If calcium carbonate is added, it can be shortened accordingly. Degradation time.

In addition, when this product is used, it will not generate static electricity, and it is more convenient to lay.

The novel degradable plastic film of the present invention has the following advantages:

1. It can effectively improve the effect of heat preservation, water retention, and nutrient retention. After covering, it can increase the ground temperature by 3-6°, and the surface water storage capacity has also been improved;

2. Due to the use of non-woven fabric materials, especially polypropylene non-woven fabric materials, it has certain air permeability and prevents the generation of water mist;

3. It can be degraded at the same time. When the plant grows and needs to be peeled off, it has been degraded by itself, eliminating the cost of manual recycling;

4. The air permeability is enhanced, the roots of the plant are not easy to age, and can grow downward;

5. Non-woven material, not easy to absorb heat, will not cause burns to plants;

6. The non-woven material is easy to fold, so that it can be folded through the growth area of the tobacco plant, leaving room for growth;

7. No static electricity will be generated when covering, which is more convenient for laying.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the product physical picture of an embodiment of the mulch film that chemical fiber and natural fiber crosslinking of the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention proposes a novel degradable plastic film, which is made of non-woven material.

Preferably, the non-woven fabric is made of polypropylene. The polypropylene used per square meter is 9-15g. On the one hand, it ensures the thickness of the film, and at the same time, it also controls the porosity of the film, which can play the role of heat preservation and water retention. At the same time, it can allow the root system to pass through and prevent the root system. Lateral growth ensures the nutrient supply of the plant.

In addition, the thickness of polypropylene also determines the size of its porosity, which is suitable for different covering environments. When the temperature is low in winter, it can be covered with thicker products to improve the effect of heat preservation and water retention.

Preferably, calcium carbonate is also added therein to adjust the degradation time, stretching, toughness and other properties of the novel degradable film. Adding calcium carbonate will directly affect the degradation time of the product, so that it can be used according to the needs of use. Adjust to achieve product degradation times consistent with the time plants need to be covered.

In addition, the product obtained by the above method is transparent and white. According to needs, carbon black can be added to the mulch to make it black (opaque), or a combination of the two, as shown in Figure 1, so as to be used for different covering needs.

The use method of the novel degradable plastic film directly covers the plastic film on the ground surface without recycling and avoids the cost of manual recycling. When covering, part of the plastic film is folded at the growth point of the plant to reserve space for the future growth of the plant. When the plants grow to a suitable period, the mulch has degraded by itself and no other treatment is required.

The novel degradable mulching film of the present invention can be used as a covering device for heat preservation, water retention, and fertilizer retention when growing crops, such as strawberries, peanuts, cotton, potatoes, tobacco, and the like.

Use effect test

Example 1:

For the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, wherein, the polypropylene used per square meter is 9g, calcium carbonate 2g.

Steps: (1) raising seedlings; (2) transplanting; transplanting into soil, planting on a single ridge with a ridge height of 25 cm; (3) fertilizing and watering; (4) pest control; (5) topping and wiping; (6) Ripe picking;

Transplanting under the film is adopted, in which, the white shell degradable plastic film is covered on the growth area of the tobacco plant, and the black new degradable plastic film is covered on both sides of the growth area to prevent the growth of weeds.

The steps of raising seedlings, transplanting, fertilizing and watering, controlling diseases and insect pests, topping and wiping branches, and mature picking are carried out according to the general agricultural work.

The heat preservation and water retention effects are tested in the following table:

After the product is covered, the tobacco plant has been broken down into pieces for a long time, and it can be crushed by hand.

After the seedling stage is covered, the temperature is raised to 13°C, which is 9°C higher than the outside world, thereby preventing frostbite or stagnation of the tobacco plants and ensuring the normal growth of the tobacco plants.

From the above comparison, it can be seen that after covering this product, the heat preservation effect can be improved by 3-6°C, and the water retention capacity can also be increased by 5-10%.

In addition, the biomass of the tobacco plants with the new biodegradable mulch increased by about 10-20% compared with the comparative tobacco plants without the use, and the tobacco leaves were more luxuriant.

Example 2

For the planting of corn, wherein, the polypropylene used per square meter is 13g, calcium carbonate 4g.

Choose plots with deep soil layers and strong water and fertilizer retention capabilities. Medium and mild saline-alkali soils are also acceptable, and avoid low-lying lands, lands that are prone to waterlogging, and lands with serious soil erosion. Deeply apply the base fertilizer, rake and press the ridges or make the furrows continuously, so that the ground is finely broken and flat.

Sowing is 5-10 days earlier than local bare-field cultivation. Sow seeds before the late frost in the first season, and the seedlings will emerge after the late frost. The planting density should be increased appropriately, about 10% higher than that of bare-field cultivation. The soil moisture content before sowing should be kept above 18%. If it is less than 3cm, the suppression intensity is appropriate to ensure the emergence of full seedlings.

After mulching, the water content of the soil surface layer increased, as shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1:

soil depth content increased compared to uncoated 0cm～5cm 11.5% 5cm～10cm 1.3% 10cm～12cm 1.7%

In addition to the above covering methods, it can also be used for tiling, flat furrow covering, etc.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (6)

1. A novel degradable mulch film, characterized in that: it is made of non-woven material. 2. The novel degradable mulch film according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-woven fabric is made of polypropylene. 3. The novel degradable mulch film as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the polypropylene used per square meter is 9-15g. 4. The novel degradable mulch film as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: calcium carbonate is also added therein. 5. The novel degradable plastic film as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the calcium carbonate is added in an amount of 0-6g per square meter. 6. The method of using the novel degradable plastic film according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the plastic film is directly covered on the ground surface.