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CN107107903A - 用于运行混合动力车辆的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法 Download PDF

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CN107107903A
CN107107903A CN201680003544.0A CN201680003544A CN107107903A CN 107107903 A CN107107903 A CN 107107903A CN 201680003544 A CN201680003544 A CN 201680003544A CN 107107903 A CN107107903 A CN 107107903A
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combustion engine
internal combustion
hybrid vehicle
driven
motor
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C·兰德尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192—Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

用于在混合动力车辆停车后运行混合动力车辆的方法，该混合动力车辆包括电机和具有机油循环润滑系统的内燃机，所述电机和内燃机能相互独立地运行并且所述电机和内燃机的从动轴能通过离合器和/或传动装置相互作用连接以便分开或共同进行驱动，包括下述方法步骤：启动电机并且借助纯电驱动装置起动混合动力车辆；在电驱动期间连接各从动轴并且在无燃料输入的情况下拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压；脱开从动轴；混合动力车辆借助纯电驱动装置继续行驶，直至内燃机启动。通过按照本发明的方法在启动时以机油润湿内燃机的所有构件并且显著提高内燃机的使用寿命。

Description

用于运行混合动力车辆的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分特征的、用于运行混合动力车辆的方法。
背景技术
关于技术环境例如参见德国公开文本DE 199 41 705 A1。该文献公开了一种尤其是用于机动车的动力传动系，该动力传动系包括驱动单元、如内燃机、带有驱动轴以及至少一个与驱动轴作用连接的电机，所述电机至少用作电动机和发电机。该动力传动系的特征在于，电机和驱动轴之间的作用连接包括至少两个与电机的至少被分为启动阶段和运行阶段的运行模式有关的、自动呈现的传动级。
这一公开的现有技术的缺点在于，在电起动机动车并且接入内燃机后立即在冷启动后该内燃机的高转速以及可能的额定功率，这引起内燃机摩擦构件明显磨损。
此外，德国专利文献DE 195 48 120 C1公开了用于混合动力车辆的发动机预热。该混合动力车辆包括用于行驶运行的电动机和具有发电机和蓄电池的内燃机，该发电机设置用于产生电流，在热运转阶段中内燃机在不点火的情况下被发电机拖曳并且通过设置在内燃机进气管中的加热装置加热的气体被供应至内燃机的燃烧室。
该现有技术的缺点在于使用发电机来拖曳内燃机，该发电机的功率不足以使内燃机产生更高转速。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种措施，借助该措施可实现尤其是用于PHEV车辆(插电式混合动力车辆)的内燃机的珍惜的且低磨损的冷启动。
所述任务借助权利要求1特征部分的方法特征来解决。
插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV车辆)结合了电池车辆和传统驱动的车辆的优势：在较短的路程上和城市交通中车辆借助电驱动装置安静地、本地零排放地并且节能地以来自蓄电池的电流行驶，该蓄电池也可通过家庭电力网络充电，而当蓄电池耗尽时车辆仍可通过第二驱动装置(如汽油发动机亦或燃气发动机)行驶并且因此可实现明显更高的续驶里程。
通过根据本发明的方法步骤：
－启动电机并且借助纯电驱动装置起动混合动力车辆；
－在电驱动期间连接各从动轴并且在无燃料输入的情况下拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压；
－脱开各从动轴；
－混合动力车辆借助纯电驱动装置继续行驶，直至内燃机启动，以有利的方式用机油填充了机油管路并且用机油润湿了内燃机的所有摩擦构件。因此，在内燃机启动时立即存在油压并且在润滑位置上或中已经存在足够的机油用于润滑。内燃机的内部摩擦因此从内燃机启动开始就被最小化并且抵抗了增大摩擦构件磨损。
因此，在电起动混合动力车辆后在不喷射燃料并且不点火(因此与排放无关)的情况下实现内燃机的旋转(借助电机的拖曳)。
本发明的有利扩展方案在从属权利要求中被描述。
当混合动力车辆在借助纯电驱动装置起动后较长时间地行驶时，为了维持内燃机中的油压，根据权利要求2进一步提出，在电驱动期间周期地连接各从动轴并且拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压。
这表示，在电动行驶期间周期地拖曳内燃机，以便确保对摩擦构件永久或间歇的润滑。
在内燃机启动后，根据权利要求3提出，混合动力车辆仅借助内燃机或借助电机和内燃机继续行驶。根据驾驶员对混合动力车辆要求的功率进行相应的运行。
下面参考一种实施例详细说明本发明。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力车辆、尤其是PHEV车辆(插电式混合动力车辆，定义在上文已说明)的方法。尤其是涉及一种用于在停车至少几分钟后运行混合动力车辆的方法。混合动力车辆包括至少一个电机和具有机油循环润滑系统的内燃机。电机和内燃机可相互独立地运行，电机的从动轴和内燃机的从动轴可通过离合器和/或传动装置相互作用连接以便分开或共同地驱动混合动力车辆。
用于在停车后运行混合动力车辆的方法包括下述方法步骤：
－启动电机并且借助纯电驱动装置起动混合动力车辆；
－在电驱动期间连接各从动轴并且在无燃料输入和无点火的情况下拖曳内燃机到100至1000[1/min]的转速范围上，直至在内燃机的机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的在1至5[bar]之间的压力范围内的油压；
－脱开各驱动轴；
－混合动力车辆借助纯电驱动装置继续行驶，直至内燃机启动。
通过根据本发明的用于在停车后运行混合动力车辆的方法，在电起动后使内燃机在不喷射且不点火(因此与排放无关)的情况下旋转。因此以有利的方式用机油填充机油管路并且用机油润湿内燃机的所有摩擦构件。因此，在内燃机启动时立即存在油压并且在润滑位置上或中已经存在足够的机油用于润滑。内燃机的内部摩擦因此从内燃机启动开始就被最小化并且抵抗了增大摩擦构件的磨损。
对于例如混合动力车辆在启动后较长时间地在纯电动运行中行驶的情况，进一步提出，在纯电驱动期间周期地连接各从动轴并且在0.5至10[s]的时间范围内拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压。如刚才所述，拖曳过程可介于十分之几秒和数秒的时间范围内。因此，在纯电动运行时防止油压随时间逐渐地在内燃机中下降并且内燃机无油压地启动，这可导致磨损问题。
此外，在通过电机拖曳内燃机时可进行拖曳力矩补偿，由此混合动力车辆的驾驶员感觉不到拖曳周期并且驾驶舒适性不会降低。
在下一步骤中，在启动内燃机后混合动力车辆可仅借助内燃机或借助电机和内燃机继续行驶。这根据混合动力车辆的驾驶员所要求的功率进行。

Claims (3)

1.用于在混合动力车辆停车后运行混合动力车辆的方法，该混合动力车辆包括电机和具有机油循环润滑系统的内燃机，所述电机和内燃机能相互独立地运行并且所述电机和内燃机的从动轴能通过离合器和/或变速器相互作用连接以便分开或共同地进行驱动，其特征在于下述方法步骤：
启动电机并且借助纯电驱动装置起动混合动力车辆；
在电驱动期间连接各从动轴并且在无燃料输入的情况下拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压；
脱开各从动轴；
混合动力车辆借助纯电驱动装置继续行驶，直至内燃机启动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于下述方法步骤：
当混合动力车辆在借助纯电驱动装置起动后较长时间地行驶时
在电驱动期间周期地连接各从动轴并且拖曳内燃机，直至在机油循环润滑系统中建立起定义的油压。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于下述方法步骤：
在内燃机启动后混合动力车辆仅借助内燃机或借助电机和内燃机继续行驶。
CN201680003544.0A 2015-03-18 2016-01-27 用于运行混合动力车辆的方法 Pending CN107107903A (zh)

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