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CN107107115B - 用于超声波加工的表面结构加工元件 - Google Patents

用于超声波加工的表面结构加工元件 Download PDF

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CN107107115B
CN107107115B CN201580057750.5A CN201580057750A CN107107115B CN 107107115 B CN107107115 B CN 107107115B CN 201580057750 A CN201580057750 A CN 201580057750A CN 107107115 B CN107107115 B CN 107107115B
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CN107107115A (zh
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U·沃格勒
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Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
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    • B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/087—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B29C66/81435—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/962—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process using proportional controllers, e.g. PID controllers [proportional–integral–derivative controllers]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于加工材料的加工元件，比如超声焊极或砧座，包括基本上圆筒形或圆筒部段形并且设计成在加工期间与材料接触的承载面，其中加工元件设计成在加工期间绕其纵向轴线旋转，使得承载面在待加工材料上滚动，其中在承载面上布置至少一个沿径向伸出承载面的结构元件，其中结构元件具有设计成与待加工材料接触的顶侧。根据本发明，为了提供当材料与承载面进入接触和/或脱离接触时减少超声焊极的突然挠曲的加工元件，顶侧至少在一些部分中沿周向以小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的曲率半径凸出弯曲或包括至少两个包括<180°的角度的表面部分。

Description

用于超声波加工的表面结构加工元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于加工材料的加工元件，包括基本上呈圆筒形式或圆筒的部段形式的承载面。在加工期间加工元件绕其纵向轴线旋转使得承载面对着待加工材料滚动。在这方面已知具有圆筒形承载面的和在待加工材料上滚动的以及产生例如连续的纵向接缝的加工元件和也具有仅一个(或多个)呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面的加工元件，使得当加工元件旋转时，呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面与待加工材料每转只接触一次从而例如产生横向的密封接缝。
特别是当这样的加工元件用于材料的超声波加工时，如果其承受超声波振动则一般被称作超声焊极，或者如果其相对于超声焊极布置则被称作砧座。
背景技术
比如，超声波加工设备可以既有呈辊状的超声焊极也有呈辊状的砧座，呈网状的材料通过两者间并且当材料被超声焊极朝着砧座方向加压时被加工。
砧座的承载面经常被构造，也就是说其具有至少一个结构元件但通常是多个沿径向伸出承载面的结构元件。在有些情况下取而代之的或是附加地超声焊极的承载面被相应地构造。结构元件用于在加工操作期间焊接材料并且可能在材料上凸印相应的图案或者标识(如果结构元件呈标识的形式的话)。
在现有技术中，结构元件具有用于接触待加工材料的平的顶面，和周向延伸的将顶面连接到承载面的侧表面。在用加工元件加工后，已加工材料具有相应的表面压花。结构元件的顶面共同形成了所谓的密封表面。
原则上加工元件不仅可以用于材料的超声波加工而且可以用于例如产生热密封接缝。
然而在下文中参照用于超声波加工的加工元件描述本发明，特别是参照具有相应的结构元件的砧座。然而应当理解所有在下文中描述的特征也可以用于超声焊极并且此外也可以用于相对于其它加工方法。
有用于生产横向密封接缝的超声波加工机器。在这种情况下超声焊极和/或砧座的承载面包括呈圆筒的部段形式的元件。每当呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面与材料进入接合时，实施材料加工。因为承载面不持续与待加工材料接触，很难调节超声焊极压靠砧座的合适的焊接力。通常此处会使用调节机构，其比如测量相应的力并将其与参考值相比较。
每当要产生相应的横向密封接缝时，呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面或设置在承载面上的结构元件与材料进入接合。由于将超声焊极或砧座固定到机座的保持装置中不能完全消除的弹性，由超声焊极和砧座要施加的反作用力导致一方面在超声焊极和配对工具之间、另一方面在超声焊极和机座之间的相对位移。然而由于加工元件的旋转，结构元件会与材料突然进入接合使得结构元件必须承受突然的冲击力。此时，力调节装置难以设置合适的力。由于突然的接合，超声焊极发生另外的振动，并且配对工具也可能由于其在机座上的固定发生振动。也就是说，由于砧座的结构元件通过待加工材料施加在超声焊极上的突然的冲击，超声焊极相对机座发生相对位移。
随之而来是超声焊极绕静止位置减小振动，在这种情况下超声焊极施加在配对工具上的力以及因此的焊接结果随振动而改变。
按同样的方式，如果呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面与材料进入接合，会涉及相对于超声焊极的突然的放松，这也是不理想的。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供一种当材料与承载面进入接合并且/或者脱离接合时，减少超声焊极突然的挠曲的加工元件。
根据本发明该目的通过如下方式实现：顶侧至少部分地沿周向以小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的曲率半径凸出弯曲或包括至少两个包括<180°的角度的表面部分。
沿周向的曲率或顶侧的有角度的配置导致超声焊极由于材料与结构元件的顶侧接合的压力载荷逐渐地或在多个步骤中产生从而减小了传递到超声焊极的冲击力。
在较佳的实施例中规定沿周向的曲率具有大于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的50％、较佳地大于75％、最好大于90％的半径。选定的曲率半径越小，顶侧实际与待加工材料接触的区域相应地越小。因此，根据相应的使用情况，曲率半径尽可能大但小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距可能是有利的。
这保证了使用加工元件时结构元件和超声焊极之间的间距持续变小，直到已经实现超声焊极与配套工具之间的最小间距。
在较佳的实施例中，设置结构元件的顶侧有基本是平的或有与主体部分和圆筒轴线之间的间距相对应的曲率半径的凸曲率的主体部分，和沿周向与主体部分相邻的倾斜部分，倾斜部分相对于主体部分呈角度使得主体部分与倾斜部分包括小于180°的角度。在这种情况下，一直是在结构元件的材料内部测量角度。
这导致这样的结果——如果主体部分是弯曲的——倾斜部分位于由主体部分限定的包络线内。基本上顶侧的梯度或曲率在主体部分和倾斜部分之间的过渡处改变。
在较佳的实施例中设定倾斜部分沿周向是凸出弯曲的，并且更具体地较佳地以小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距并且大于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的一半的曲率半径凸出弯曲。
在还有一个较佳的实施例中规定顶侧具有两个沿周向在相对两侧与主体部分邻接的倾斜部分，并且倾斜部分分别相对于主体部分呈角度使得主体部分与倾斜部分分别包括<180°的角度。因此在加工操作中结构元件的顶侧不仅有输入的倾斜部分还有输出的倾斜部分，使得配套工具施加给超声焊极的力也由结构元件在加工结束时仅仅逐渐地减小。
较佳地，在横截面视图中主体部分和倾斜部分包括的角度大于170°并且优选地在185°到189.5°之间。根据本发明的方法关于倾斜部分的配置保证在加工材料时材料被首先导引到倾斜部分和超声焊极之间，使得配套工具和超声焊极之间的间距逐渐变小直至材料被主体部分加工。只有主体部分加工材料时最佳焊接力的情况才发生，使得实际的加工基本上只发生在主体部分的区域。
此外，可以设定倾斜部分具有在周向上沿主体部分的方向变大的宽度。也就是说，主体部分与逐渐变窄直到一点的倾斜部分邻接，由此保证配套工具施加在超声焊极上的力逐渐变大。
在还有一个较佳的实施例中设定侧表面相对于承载面的法线倾斜，其中较佳地倾斜的角度小于25°并且特别优选地在5°到20°之间。
有利地，结构元件是细长的形状，长边沿周向布置。在这种情况下，对在承载面上沿轴向以相互间隔的关系布置的多于两个的结构元件可能是有利的。此处也可以设想多个相似的结构元件。
本发明还涉及一种包括超声焊极和砧座的超声波加工机器，其中超声焊极和/或砧座具有与所述加工元件相对应的设计配置。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点、特征和可能的用途将在下文对于较佳实施例的说明中显而易见。在附图中：
图1示出超声波加工设备的示意图，
图2至5示出本发明的第一实施例的结构元件的各个视图，
图6至9示出本发明的第二实施例的结构元件的各个视图，并且
图10至13示出本发明的第三实施例的结构元件的各个视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出超声波加工设备的示意图。其具有振动系统10，该振动系统包括转换器12、幅值变换器14、超声焊极16和配对工具18。待处理的材料20(比如材料网)布置在超声焊极16和配对工具18之间。转换器12通过超声波发生器(未示出)提供交流电压。
在示出的实施例中，信号(U)取自振动系统10并通过反馈部分22馈送到闭环控制装置24。该控制装置24具有PID控制器26。控制装置24产生馈送到振动系统10并且特别是转换器12的调整值(S)。振动系统10和控制装置24形成受控的电气和机械振荡电路28。控制单元24能够集成在超声波发生器中。参考30表示加工过程，特别是焊接过程，其在振荡电路28之外，因为其不直接受电气和机械参数的影响。该加工过程30与检测焊接力的图线的力传感器32相连。力传感器32确定馈送到缩放单元34的过程参数(p)。该缩放单元34提供馈送到连接位置36的缩放后的过程参数(p')。该连接位置36位于控制装置和振动系统10之间，使得不仅缩放后的过程参数(p’)而且调整值(S)被馈送到连接位置36。关联在一起的参数(p’)和(S)被馈送到振动系统10并且特别是超声波发生器。
将看到呈辊状的配对工具18的承载面具有两个相对设置的结构元件45。它们可以是例如沿轴向布置的细长肋。在加工材料网20时，配对工具18绕其轴线旋转，使得两个结构元件45相继与材料网20接触并且当材料网夹在超声焊极16和结构元件45之间时提供产生横向密封接缝。结构元件的数量原则上可以是任何数量。
每当两个结构元件45中的一个通过材料网20被压向超声焊极16时，这会导致由力传感器32测量的力突然改变。然而，如果焊接力增大，超声焊极必须提供相应的反作用力，也就是说所述情形引起超声焊极保持座不可否认的轻微但可察觉的弹性形变。结构元件45一旦不再向超声焊极16施加压力，超声焊极就会又移回到其原始位置。
然而，由于超声焊极保持座的弹性特性，这会导致振动超调(overshoot)，使得焊接力的时间图线呈阻尼振动的形式。然而由于焊接力由传感器32连续测量而通常改变了的焊接力也由连接位置36不间断地馈送，使得即使在凸起部分45不与材料网20接触时，阻尼振动也会作为缩放后的过程参数(p’)馈送到连接位置36并影响控制。
为了提高控制性能，也已经建议了设置触发装置44，其借助位置传感器43确定结构元件45的位置并且根据确定操作致动开关46，使得连接位置36与缩放后的过程参数(p’)或与恒定的参考值ref相连接。
不可否认可以通过此方法提高控制性能，但是对于超声焊极的突然的振动移动没有任何改变。
因此，根据本发明建议使结构元件45具有特别的形状。
图2是从呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面47的顶侧上方观察到的视图。因此承载面47具有以与承载面和旋转轴线的之间的间距相对应的曲率半径。承载面上设置有包括多个结构元件48的两行。
承载面的左手侧没有任何结构元件。
图3是图2中结构元件48的俯视图。
图4示出沿线A-A的剖视图，也就是说垂直于旋转轴线的剖视图。
图5示出沿线B-B的剖视图，也就是说截面与旋转轴线相平行。
将看到结构元件48有主体部分49、两个倾斜部分50以及侧部51。主体部分49具有弯曲配置并且更具体地具有与主体部分和配对工具的旋转轴线之间的间距相对应的曲率半径。沿周向邻接于其两侧有可能观察到两个相对于主体部分49成角度的倾斜部分50，使得在图4所示视图中它们位于主体部分49的切线的下方。在本视图中主体部分和倾斜部分包括的角度大于170°并且较佳地介于185°到189.5°之间。根据本发明的关于倾斜部分50的配置的测量，在加工材料时，保证了材料首先被引导至倾斜部分50和超声焊极之间，使得配对工具和超声焊极之间的间距逐渐变小直至主体部分49对材料进行加工。只有当主体部分49加工材料时最佳的焊接力情况才发生，使得实际的加工基本上只发生在主体部分的区域中。这一情形发生后，输出倾斜50负责超声焊极和配对工具之间的间距逐渐增加。
在示出的实施例中侧表面51相对于承载面47的法线倾斜。在示出的实施例中，倾斜的角度是15°。
图6至9示出结构元件的一个可替代的实施例。由同样示出了呈圆筒的部段形式的承载面的平面图的图6中可以看到的，现在在其整个长度上具有包括多个结构元件52的两列。在图7中它们被以放大的比例示出。图8示出沿线A-A的剖视图，而图9示出沿线B-B的剖视图。可以发现，与图2至5中示出的实施例不同，主体部分53相较于倾斜部分54明显较大。这里侧部55也连接结构元件52的顶侧到承载面47。根据本发明的倾斜部分54对于实际的材料加工操作没有或具有次要重要性。它们只是用于分别逐渐增加和逐渐减少配对工具与超声焊极之间的间距并进而地由配对工具施加到超声焊极上的力，以便阻止或至少减少由于保持座的弹性而引起的超声焊头在机座的振动。如果，如所示出的例子，包括多个结构元件52的两列相继沿加工方向设置，相继的结构元件的主体部分53之间必须保持有至少是倾斜部分长度的两倍的最小间距。在实践中发现，沿周向或加工方向相继设置的两个主体部分之间的间距是倾斜部分长度的2.5倍到3.5倍之间。
倾斜部分越长，根据本发明的效果相应的越显著，并且相对于接着的结构元件的必需间隔相应地越大。因此，在实践中已经证明倾斜部分的长度是主体部分的长度的10％到400％之间，并且较佳地是主体部分的长度的30％到200％之间是适宜的。
最后图10至13示出了根据本发明的结构元件的第三实施例。这里图10也示出了呈圆筒的部段形式的载体表面的平面图，其上设置具有多个结构元件56的两列。图11中再次以放大比例示出了结构元件56，图12和13分别示出沿线A-A和线B-B的剖面图。从图11的平面图中看出，这里倾斜部分58具有逐渐变细到点的配置。除此以外此实施例基本上与前述的两个实施例相对应。
附图标记列表
10 振动系统
12 转换器
14 幅值变换器
16 超声焊极
18 配对工具
20 材料
22 反馈部分
24 控制装置
26 PID控制器
28 振荡电路
30 处理过程
32 力传感器
34 缩放单元
36 连接位置
43 位置传感器
44 触发装置
45,48,52,56 结构元件
46 开关
47 承载面
49,53,57 主体部分
50,54,58 倾斜部分
51,55 侧部

Claims (13)

1.一种呈超声焊极或砧座形式的加工元件，包括基本上呈圆筒形式或呈圆筒的部段形式并且用于在加工期间与材料接触的承载面，其中加工元件用于在加工期间绕其纵向轴线旋转使得所述承载面在待加工材料上滚动，其中在承载面上布置至少一个沿径向伸出所述承载面的结构元件，其中所述结构元件具有设置成与待加工材料接触的顶侧，其特征在于，所述顶侧至少部分地沿周向以大于所述顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的50％并且小于所述顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的曲率半径凸出弯曲或者包括至少两个沿圆筒轴线方向包括小于180°且大于170°的角度的表面部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述结构元件具有顶侧和至少一个周向延伸的将所述顶侧和所述承载面连接在一起的侧表面。
3.如权利要求2所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述顶侧具有：主体部分，所述主体部分基本上是平的或具有与所述主体部分和圆筒轴线之间的间距相对应的曲率半径的凸曲率；和倾斜部分，所述倾斜部分沿周向与所述主体部分相邻接并且相对于所述主体部分呈角度，使得所述主体部分与所述倾斜部分沿圆筒轴线方向包括<180°的角度。
4.如权利要求3所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述顶侧具有两个沿周向在相对两侧与所述主体部分相邻接并且分别相对于所述主体部分呈角度的倾斜部分，使得所述主体部分与所述倾斜部分分别沿圆筒轴线方向包括<180°的角度。
5.如权利要求3所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述倾斜部分的沿周向的长度在所述主体部分沿周向的长度的10％到400％之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述倾斜部分的沿周向的长度在所述主体部分沿周向的长度的30％到200％之间。
7.如权利要求3所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述倾斜部分具有在周向上沿所述主体部分的方向增加的宽度。
8.如权利要求1所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述结构元件是细长的形状，长边沿周向布置。
9.如权利要求1所述的加工元件，其特征在于，超过两个结构元件以互相间隔的关系沿轴向布置在承载面上。
10.如权利要求1所述的加工元件，其特征在于，两个结构元件相继地但以互相间隔的关系沿周向布置在所述承载面上。
11.如权利要求3所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述倾斜部分至少部分地沿周向以小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距并且大于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的一半的曲率半径凸出弯曲。
12.如权利要求1所述的加工元件，其特征在于，所述顶侧至少部分地沿周向以小于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距并大于顶侧与圆筒轴线之间的最大间距的一半的曲率半径凸出弯曲。
13.一种超声波加工机器，包括超声焊极和砧座，其特征在于，所述超声焊极和/或所述砧座是如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的加工元件。
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