CN107092243A - Power supply intelligent safety monitoring system based on Internet of Things - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses an intelligent security monitoring system for power supply control based on the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things power control intelligent security monitoring system is a supervision platform specially used in the monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control. The IoT power control intelligent safety monitoring system divides all elements in the safety monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control into four types of elements: "people, equipment, environment, and management", and integrates these four types of elements through the Internet of Things system to make them Become a unified whole, realize the mutual communication between things and things, people and things in the field of safety monitoring, so as to realize the functions of emergency command, data collection, tracking and positioning, statistical analysis, intelligent management, mobile terminal applications and other functions in the field of safety monitoring.

Description

Intelligent security monitoring system for power control based on Internet of Things

technical field

The invention relates to the field of safety monitoring, in particular to an intelligent safety monitoring system for power supply control based on the Internet of Things.

Background technique

Generally, a modern accelerator is a complex accelerator device composed of many subsystems and a large number of components such as magnets, power supplies, and high-frequency vacuum equipment. There are various types of components, equipment and cables, which are scattered and far away from each other. These components will generate tens of thousands of data during accelerator design, construction, and debugging. The collection, storage, and management of so much data and information are especially important for a large accelerator system. The magnet is used as a power load to provide a magnetic field for the particles to run in the vacuum pipeline, so it needs to be connected to the power supply through a long-distance cable during the installation process in the tunnel. In the central control room, the operator switches on and off each magnet power supply, and operates the current up and down through the man-machine interface device and the control system. The control system connects the controller and the interface equipment including the connection cable with the power supply to realize the operation of switching on and off the power supply and raising and lowering the current.

At present, the vast majority of accelerator controls at home and abroad are based on Ethernet distributed control. It mainly stays in the control and monitoring of accelerator equipment (magnet power supply, high frequency, vacuum, etc.). Intelligent monitoring has not yet been realized for the massive data generated during accelerator design, construction, installation, commissioning, and operation. With the development of my country's particle accelerators and the increasing size of accelerator devices, this issue has become more and more important. Having a good information management system for each part of the accelerator and managing its static and dynamic parameters is crucial for A large accelerator system is especially important.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides an intelligent security monitoring system for power supply control based on the Internet of Things, which is used to overcome at least one problem existing in the prior art.

The present invention provides an intelligent security monitoring system for power supply control based on the Internet of Things, including: a power supply control system, an Internet of Things interface layer, an IOT application server, an intelligent monitoring application layer, a node router, and an RFID receiving and transmitting terminal, wherein:

The power control system includes a chassis, a cabinet, a power controller, and a power control interface, the power controller is arranged in the chassis, and in the cabinet in the configuration of the chassis, each power control interface is correspondingly arranged in A power supply is directly connected to the power supply through cables, and several power control interfaces are connected to a power controller through optical fibers;

RFID tags are set between each of the power control interfaces and corresponding power controllers, each of the power controllers is connected to a front-end control computer, and the front-end control computer is connected to the IOT through the Internet of Things interface layer. The application server is connected, and the status information of the power controller is sent to the IOT application server;

The IOT application server is connected to the application program of the user terminal through the intelligent monitoring application layer, and the intelligent monitoring application layer compares each parameter in the status information of each of the power controllers with the corresponding setting range value, and determines Whether the power controller is faulty, and push the faulty power controller and the corresponding RFID electronic tag to the user terminal;

The node router, the RFID receiving and transmitting terminal and the IOT application server form an Internet of Things network through a network protocol. When maintenance personnel join the Internet of Things network with a user terminal capable of reading RFID electronic tags, according to the The received faulty power supply controller locates the RFID electronic tag corresponding to the RFID electronic tag information, so as to realize the positioning of the faulty power supply controller.

Preferably, the front-end control computer and the IOT application server communicate using the TCP/IP protocol and socket interface. The data is sent in batches, and one data file is sent in each batch; the data file is preferably in a text file format; each data Files consist of single or multiple data records.

Preferably, the first record of the data file should be a data header, and the data header is composed of a database (or folder) name and a data table (or data file) name.

Preferably, the name of the database (or folder) and the name of the data table (database file) are separated by ";". The data header ends with "|". The name of the database (or folder) is represented by 2 letters: KJ means coal mine For monitoring, the name of the data table (or data file) is represented by 4 letters. ⑤ Each data record ends with "~"; the fields in each data record are separated by ";". ⑦ Each batch of data ends with "‖".

Preferably, the database of the IOT application server includes at least one of the following safety monitoring information: AQMT—safety monitoring, statistical value of analog quantity; AQBJ—safety monitoring, alarm of analog quantity and switch quantity, power failure, abnormal power supply, system Abnormal work; AQKD—safety monitoring, switching value action; AQMC—safety monitoring, analog value initialization; AQKC—safety monitoring, switching value initialization. Quantity alarm, analog statistical value, switch value feed abnormality, switch value alarm (power failure), switch value action, system operation abnormality, initialization and other information.

Preferably, the statistical value of the analog quantity is uploaded at least once every set time, including: power supply, time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, average value, maximum value, Moment of maximum value, moment of minimum value, moment of minimum value.

Preferably, analog and switch alarms, power failures, and feed status changes are uploaded immediately, and the contents include: power supply, time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), category (analog quantity, switch quantity, working status , treatment measures, etc.), monitoring location, measured name, status (alarm, release alarm; power failure, power recovery; abnormal power supply, normal power supply; abnormal work, normal work; power outage evacuation, etc.; no more than 10 Chinese characters length).

Preferably, the state change of the switching value may not be uploaded. If uploaded, the content includes: power supply, state change time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, name of the measured object, and state (open, stop).

Preferably, the change of the analog quantity initialization parameter is uploaded immediately, and the content includes: power supply, initialization, generation time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, unit, alarm value, power-off value, Recovery value, power-off area.

Preferably, the change of the initialization parameter of the switching value is uploaded immediately, and the content includes: power supply, initialization, generation time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, alarm (power-off) status, power-off area.

Preferably, after the monitoring center correctly receives the uploaded data from the central station, it should feed back confirmation information; the central station only terminates this data transmission after receiving the confirmation information from the monitoring center, otherwise repeats this data transmission; If the statistical value of the analog quantity of the central station is not received every second set time within a set time, it will actively request to send to the central station, if there is no response for 3 consecutive times, it will be determined that the communication is faulty, an alarm signal will be sent and the record will be stored; When the communication returns to normal, the central station should reissue the analog statistical value, alarm, power failure, feed state change, analog initialization parameter change, and switch initialization parameter during the communication interruption period without affecting normal data transmission. Variety.

Preferably, the user terminal includes a PC and/or an intelligent mobile terminal.

Preferably, the alarm includes at least one of the following:

Alarm switch, alarm shielding, alarm filtering, sound and light alarm, alarm SMS, alarm email.

Preferably, according to the layout of the control equipment of the local station of the power supply, the distribution of the cabinet, the control cabinet, the power controller PSC and the power control interface PSI and the optical cables between them are visualized, the query page of the cabinet is displayed on one side, and the cabinet, The visual diagram of the cabinet where the PSC and the optical cable are located, and the other side shows the name of the power supply in each VME chassis, the number of the related chassis, the PSI number of the power control interface, the PSC number of the power supply controller, and the communication status of the connected optical cable. One color indicates normal PSC, the second color indicates abnormal PSC, and related PSI and power information are also displayed on the other side.

Preferably, the system detects abnormal events in the system in real time, and provides timely intelligent warnings. When an abnormal event occurs, the operating data and audio and video information in the emergency are recorded, and the accident data can be reproduced, which is convenient for accident analysis. In addition, the system can also provide early warning feedback information for possible abnormal events.

Preferably, the system uses a distributed real-time database to realize massive data access in a distributed environment. The data is stored in the MySQL database, and the status of the power control system includes on/off, local/remote control, normal/alarm, and is directly sent to the IoT server through the IoT data interface.

Preferably, the system also includes GARDS data processing centers deployed in multiple places for processing and analyzing data; finally, through application systems such as PC/APP/big screen, equipment management, maintenance work order management, remote fault diagnosis, Big data analysis capabilities.

The present invention is composed of a power supply control system, an Internet of Things interface layer, an Internet of Things application server, and an intelligent monitoring application layer. The maintenance personnel and control equipment include a control cabinet, a control cabinet, a power supply controller PSC, a power supply control interface PSI, and the connections between them. Fiber optic cable for seamless connection. The data of these control devices is stored in the MySQL database, and the status of the power control system includes on/off, local/remote control, normal/alarm, and is directly sent to the IoT server through the IoT data interface. The IoT server is responsible for monitoring the state of the control equipment, including the control cabinet, the control chassis, the power controller PSC, the power control interface PSI and the optical cables between them. When a device in the power control system fails, the IoT server is responsible for notifying the maintenance personnel to go to the site for maintenance. When the maintenance personnel arrive at the local power control station, they first scan the QR code of the IoT application APP, enter the user name and password, perform authentication and log in as shown in Figure 5, and then start repairing the fault. According to the alarm information of the control equipment, it can automatically locate which equipment includes the relevant PSC/PSI and the fault of the controlled power supply, and then carry out relevant maintenance. When the maintenance is over, the maintenance personnel are responsible for writing the maintenance records and pushing the information to the IoT server. In addition, maintenance personnel can check the operating status of control equipment and power supplies at any time through the IoT application APP.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the BEPCII magnet power supply control system structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a large power supply local station layout diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a small power supply local station layout diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the system functional structure of the Internet of Things application of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a screenshot of the software system of the Internet of Things application according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a visual screenshot of a power supply local station control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a screenshot of the visualization of the power cabinet and the control interface PSI according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention.

The invention provides an intelligent safety monitoring system based on Internet of Things power control. The Internet of Things power control intelligent security monitoring system is a supervision platform specially used in the monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control. The IoT power control intelligent safety monitoring system divides all elements in the safety monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control into four types of elements: "people, equipment, environment, and management", and integrates these four types of elements through the Internet of Things system to make them Become a unified whole, realize the mutual communication between things and things, people and things in the field of safety monitoring, so as to realize the functions of emergency command, data collection, tracking and positioning, statistical analysis, intelligent management, mobile terminal applications and other functions in the field of safety monitoring.

The system is mainly composed of three parts: the adapter is connected to the power controller to collect equipment data to realize remote monitoring and intelligent control; the GARDS data processing center deployed in multiple places processes and analyzes the data; and finally through PC/APP/big screen and other applications The system realizes equipment management, maintenance work order management, remote fault diagnosis, big data analysis and other functions. Beneficial effects of the present invention: the completion of the system design effectively compensates for the lag and one-way defects of traditional monitoring equipment, makes full use of the advantage of the popularization of mobile phone networks, and satisfies the needs of the rapidly developing Internet of Things to a certain extent. The design is simple and functional.

The invention relates to a safety monitoring system, and more specifically relates to the research on the performance and algorithm of the system.

Preferably, the method for obtaining safety monitoring: safety monitoring system networking method: 1. central station (or master station) and monitoring center should adopt TCP/IP protocol and socket (Socket) interface communication. 2. data should be sent in batches, Send 1 data file per batch. ③ Data files should be in text file (TXT) format. Each file includes single or multiple data records. ④ The first record of the data file should be the data header. The data header is determined by the database (or Folder) name and data table (or data file) name. Database (or folder) name and data table (database file) name are separated by ";". The data header ends with "|". Database (or file) The name of folder) is represented by 2 letters: KJ means coal mine monitoring. The name of the data table (or data file) is represented by 4 letters. ⑤ Each data record ends with "~". ⑥ The fields in each data record are represented by "; "Separated. ⑦Each batch of data ends with "‖".

Safety monitoring information data table name: ①AQMT——safety monitoring, analog statistics; ②AQBJ——safety monitoring, analog and switch alarms, power failure, abnormal power supply, and system operation abnormality; ③AQKD——safety Monitoring, switch action; ④AQMC———

Safety monitoring, analog quantity initialization; ⑤ AQKC——safety monitoring, switch quantity initialization. The central station should automatically transmit analog quantity feed abnormality, analog quantity power failure, analog quantity alarm, analog quantity statistical value, and switch quantity feed to the monitoring center Abnormal, switch value alarm (power failure), switch value action, abnormal system operation, initialization and other information. Specifically include:

(1) The statistical value of the analog quantity is uploaded at least once every 5 minutes, including: power supply, time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, average value, maximum value, and maximum value moment , minimum value, minimum value moment, etc.;

(2) Immediate upload of alarms, power failures, and feed status changes such as analog and switch quantities, including: power supply, time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), category (analog quantity, switch quantity, work Status, treatment measures, etc.), monitoring location, measured name, status (alarm, release alarm; power failure, power recovery; abnormal power supply, normal power supply; abnormal work, normal work; power outage evacuation, etc.; no more than 10 Chinese character length), etc.;

(3) The status change of the switching value may not be uploaded. If it is uploaded, the content includes: power supply, status change time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, status (on, stop), etc.;

(4) Immediately upload the change of analog initialization parameters, including: power supply, initialization, generation time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, unit, alarm value, power-off value, Recovery value, power-off area, etc.;

(5) Changes in the initialization parameters of the switching value are uploaded immediately, including: power supply, initialization, generation time (year-month-day/hour:minute:second), monitoring location, measured name, alarm (power-off) status, power-off area, etc.;

After the monitoring center correctly receives the uploaded data from the central station, it should feed back confirmation information; the central station only terminates this data transmission after receiving the confirmation information from the monitoring center, otherwise repeat this data transmission. The monitoring center does not receive within 10 minutes The statistical value of the analog quantity to the central station will be actively requested to be sent to the central station every 5 minutes. If there is no response for 3 consecutive times, it will be determined that the communication is faulty, an alarm signal will be sent and the record will be stored. When the communication returns to normal, the central station should not affect the normal In the case of data transmission, the statistical value of analog quantity, alarm, power failure, feed state change, analog quantity initialization parameter change, and switch quantity initialization parameter change during communication interruption period are reissued.

The following will be described in detail in conjunction with an embodiment of accelerator power control and monitoring.

Generally, a modern accelerator is a complex accelerator device composed of many subsystems and a large number of components such as magnets, power supplies, and high-frequency vacuum equipment. There are various types of components, equipment and cables, which are scattered and far away from each other. These components will generate tens of thousands of data during accelerator design, construction, and debugging. The collection, storage, and management of so much data and information are especially important for a large accelerator system. The magnet is used as a power load to provide a magnetic field for the particles to run in the vacuum pipeline, so it needs to be connected to the power supply through a long-distance cable during the installation process in the tunnel. In the central control room, the operator switches on and off each magnet power supply, and operates the current up and down through the man-machine interface device and the control system. The control system connects the controller and the interface equipment including the connection cable with the power supply to realize the operation of switching on and off the power supply and raising and lowering the current. At present, the vast majority of accelerator controls at home and abroad are based on Ethernet distributed control. It mainly stays in the control and monitoring of accelerator equipment (magnet power supply, high frequency, vacuum, etc.). Intelligent monitoring has not yet been realized for the massive data generated during accelerator design, construction, installation, commissioning, and operation. With the development of my country's particle accelerators and the increasing size of accelerator devices, this issue has become more and more important. Having a good information management system for each part of the accelerator and managing its static and dynamic parameters is crucial for A large accelerator system is especially important.

With the advent of the Internet of Things era, these problems will be well resolved. This project is committed to adopting the Internet of Things technology, introducing the concept of connecting things and people, using RFID technology to build a general information platform for the interconnection of accelerator components and equipment, and automatically tracking and positioning accelerator components, equipment and lines through the monitored signals. Information such as the location, assembly and maintenance of the cable will open up an intelligent information channel for the design, construction, installation, commissioning and operation of future accelerators. Therefore, this project has very important research significance, and the application prospect is very promising.

Taking the magnet power control system of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) as an example, the Internet of Things technology is applied to the existing power control. There are many types of magnet power control system equipment, and there are thousands of cables and optical cables. It is not easy to maintain. Even if you do it yourself, you will forget it after a long time. Therefore, all equipment (cabinets, cabinets, etc.) The electronic information and automatic identification of chassis, plug-ins, cables, etc.) are very important, which will greatly improve the intelligence of the control system, and facilitate maintenance by operators, fault location, automatic record maintenance and generation of electronic maintenance logs. Beijing Electron Positron Collider currently has more than 400 magnet power supplies, all of which are controlled by power supply controllers and interfaces PSC/PSI (power supply controller/power supply interface). As shown in Figure 1, the power supply controller PSC is installed In VME enclosures, the control interface PSI is installed in the power supply. PSC and PSI are connected by optical fiber, and 1 PSC can control 6 PSIs.

As shown in Figure 1, the VME control computer MVME5100 runs the real-time operating system VxWorks, is responsible for accepting the operation commands and parameters of the central console through Ethernet, and after confirming the validity of the command parameters, outputs the effective value to the magnet through PSC/PSI power, the violation operation is refused to execute. At the same time, the front-end control computer MVME5100 is responsible for sending on-site measurement data and operating status to the central console, and implementing interlock protection for alarm signals.

The magnet power control system of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) is divided into two local control stations: a large power source and a small power source local station. The layout of the large power local station is shown in Figure 2, which consists of five 2-meter-high VME machine cabinets and nine 9U-high VME standard chassis. Each VME chassis is inserted with several 6U VME standard size power controller PSCs. Each PSC has 6 optical fiber interfaces connected to the PSI installed in the power cabinet through optical fibers. One PSC can control 6 PSIs, and one PSI can control 6 PSIs through two One cable connects to one power supply. All local stations of large power sources can control about 200 large power sources.

The layout of the local station of the small power supply is shown in Figure 3, which consists of two 2-meter-high VME machine cabinets and three 9U-high VME standard chassis. Each VME chassis is inserted with 8 pieces of 6U VME standard size power controller PSC, and each PSC has 6 optical fiber interfaces to connect with the PSI installed in the power cabinet through optical fiber, one PSC can control 6 PSI, and one PSI can control 6 PSI through two One cable connects to one power supply. All small power supply local stations can control about 140 small power supplies.

According to the layout of each power control local station, RFID electronic tags are installed between the control cabinet, control chassis, power controller PSC and power control interface, and IoT node routers and receiving and sending terminals are laid to build an IoT network. The system function structure of the Internet of Things application is shown in Figure 4. It is composed of the power control system, the Internet of Things interface layer, the Internet of Things application server and the intelligent monitoring application layer. PSC and power control interface PSI and the optical cable between them are seamlessly connected. The data of these control devices is stored in the MySQL database, and the status of the power control system includes on/off, local/remote control, normal/alarm, and is directly sent to the IoT server through the IoT data interface. The IoT server is responsible for monitoring the state of the control equipment, including the control cabinet, the control chassis, the power controller PSC, the power control interface PSI and the optical cables between them. When a device in the power control system fails, the IoT server is responsible for notifying the maintenance personnel to go to the site for maintenance. When the maintenance personnel arrive at the local power control station, they first scan the QR code of the IoT application APP, enter the user name and password, perform authentication and log in as shown in Figure 5, and then start repairing the fault. According to the alarm information of the control equipment, it can automatically locate which equipment includes the relevant PSC/PSI and the fault of the controlled power supply, and then carry out relevant maintenance. When the maintenance is over, the maintenance personnel are responsible for writing the maintenance records and pushing the information to the IoT server. In addition, maintenance personnel can check the operating status of control equipment and power supplies at any time through the IoT application APP.

In order to intuitively display the equipment of the control system and the controlled power supply, according to the layout of the control equipment of the local station of the power supply, the distribution of the cabinet, the control chassis, the power supply controller PSC, the power supply control interface PSI and the optical cables between them are visualized as shown in the figure As shown in 6, the query page of the chassis is displayed on the left, the visualization of the cabinet where the chassis, PSC and optical cables are located in the middle, and the name of the power supply in each VME chassis, the number of the related chassis, the PSI number of the power control interface and the power supply are displayed on the right The PSC number of the controller and the communication status of the connected optical cable. Among them, green indicates that the PSC is normal, and red indicates that the PSC is abnormal, and the relevant PSI and power information will also be displayed on the right.

Similarly, the visualization of the power supply cabinet and control interface PSI is shown in Figure 7. The right side displays detailed information including the name of the power supply in each VME chassis and the number of the related chassis. The left side displays the query page of the power supply cabinet, and the middle is A visual diagram of the cabinet where the power supply cabinet, PSI and optical cable are located. The right side displays detailed information including the name of the power supply, the PSI number of the power control interface, the PSC number of the power controller, and the communication status of the connected optical cable.

To sum up, the present invention provides an intelligent security monitoring system based on Internet of Things power control. The Internet of Things power control intelligent security monitoring system is a supervision platform specially used in the monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control. The IoT power control intelligent safety monitoring system divides all elements in the safety monitoring field of industrial or accelerator power control into four types of elements: "people, equipment, environment, and management", and integrates these four types of elements through the Internet of Things system to make them Become a unified whole, realize the mutual communication between things and things, people and things in the field of safety monitoring, so as to realize the functions of emergency command, data collection, tracking and positioning, statistical analysis, intelligent management, mobile terminal applications and other functions in the field of safety monitoring.

The system is mainly composed of three parts: the adapter is connected to the power controller to collect equipment data to realize remote monitoring and intelligent control; the GARDS data processing center deployed in multiple places processes and analyzes the data; and finally through PC/APP/big screen and other applications The system realizes equipment management, maintenance work order management, remote fault diagnosis, big data analysis and other functions. Beneficial effects of the present invention: the completion of the system design effectively compensates for the lag and one-way defects of traditional monitoring equipment, makes full use of the advantage of the popularization of mobile phone networks, and satisfies the needs of the rapidly developing Internet of Things to a certain extent. The design is simple and functional.

Preferably, the Internet of Things network is formed using the ZigBee protocol. ZigBee is a short-distance wireless communication technology with a unified technical standard. Its PHY layer and MAC layer are IEEE802.15A protocol standards. The network layer is specified by the Zigbee Technology Alliance. The application layer Development and application According to the user's own application needs, it is developed and utilized, so this technology can provide users with a flexible and flexible networking method.

In terms of networking performance, Zigbee devices can be structured into star networks, cluster networks, and mesh networks. In each wireless network composed of Zigbee, the connection address code is divided into 16bit short address or 64bit long address, which has a large network capacity.

Node router: contains all network messages, and is the most complex of the three device types, with the largest storage capacity and the strongest computing power. Send web beacons. Establish a network, manage network nodes, and store network node information. Look for routing messages between a pair of nodes, constantly receiving messages.

Network Coordinator (FFD): It can act as a network coordinator to form a network and connect other FFDs or Reduced Function Devices (RFDs). FFD has the function of a controller and can provide two-way transmission of information.

Comes with all 802.15.4 functions and all features specified by the standard

· More memory and computing power can make it function as a network router when it is idle.

Can also be used as a terminal device

Terminal Transceiver (RFD): The RFD can only transmit information to or receive information from the FFD.

Comes with limited functionality to keep cost and complexity in check

·Usually used as terminal equipment in the network.

The relatively simple implementation of ZigBee naturally saves costs. RFD reduces the cost of ZigBee components because it saves memory and other circuits, and the simple 8-bit processor and small protocol stack also help to reduce costs.

In terms of the physical layer (PhysicalLayer; PHY), the operating frequency of 802.15.4 is divided into three types: 2.4GHz, 915MHz and 868MHz, which provide transmission rates of 250Kbps, 40Kbps and 20Kbps respectively, and the transmission range is between 10 and 100 meters. , generally 30 meters. Since ZigBee uses 2.4GHz, 915MHz and 868MHz frequency bands, these frequency bands are free and open to use, so there are many wireless communication technologies used. Therefore, ZigBee uses direct sequence spread spectrum (DSS) in each frequency band to avoid interference. DSSS) technology. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), (Directseqcuencespreadspectrdm) is to directly use the spread spectrum code series with high code rate to use various modulation methods to spread the spectrum of the signal at the transmitting end, and at the receiving end, use the same spreading code sequence to perform Decoding restores the extended wide spread spectrum signal to the original information. The main technical characteristics of direct sequence spread spectrum communication are: strong anti-interference, good concealment, easy to implement code division multiple access (DMA), anti-multipath interference and high direct spread communication rate.

In terms of the data link layer (MediaAccessControlLayer; MAC), the CSMA/CA method of the 802.11 series standard in WLAN is mainly used to improve system compatibility. The so-called CSMA/C people will check whether the channel is There is data transmission, if there is no data transmission in the channel, the data transmission operation will start, if there is a collision, it will be retransmitted later.

The ZigBee protocol stack adopts a layered model, mainly composed of a physical layer (PHY), a media access layer (MAC), a network/security layer, and an application framework layer. In ZigBee technology, the PHY layer and the MAC layer adopt the IEEE802.15.4 protocol standard, among which, the PHY provides two types of services: that is, providing services for PHY layer data and PHY layer management through the Physical Layer Management Entity Interface (PLME). The PHY layer data service can be realized by sending and receiving the physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) through the wireless physical channel.

The network/security layer of ZigBee technology is mainly used for the networking connection, data management and network security of ZigBee LR-WPAN network; the application framework layer mainly provides some application framework models for the actual application of ZigBee technology, so as to implement Development and application, in different application occasions, the development and application framework is different. From the current point of view, the application frameworks provided by different manufacturers are different, and the application framework should be comprehensively considered according to the specific application situation and the selected product.

1) Physical Layer (Physical Layer, PHY)

The physical layer (PHY) is the lowest layer defined in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It includes two physical sub-layers, which work in different frequency ranges of 869/915MHz and 2.4GHz respectively. The responsibilities of the physical layer include: ZigBee activation and passivation; current channel energy detection; receiving link service quality information; ZigBee channel access methods; channel frequency selection and data transmission and reception, etc.

2) Data Link Layer (Medium Access Control Layer, MAC)

The data link layer (MAC) is defined by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The responsibilities of the MAC layer include: the network coordinator generates network beacons; synchronizes with the beacons; supports the establishment and disconnection of personal area network (PAN) links; provides support for device security; the channel access method adopts collision-free carrier detection Multiple access (CSMA/CA) mechanism; handling and maintaining guard time slot (GTS) mechanism; providing a reliable communication link between two peer MAC entities, etc.

3) Network Layer (Network Layer, NWK)

The network layer (NWK) is defined by the ZigBee Alliance, and mainly completes receiving data from the application layer and sending data to it. The responsibilities of the network layer include: the mechanism used when the device connects and disconnects from the network; the security mechanism adopted during the transmission of frame information; route discovery and route maintenance and transfer between devices; complete the discovery of one-hop neighbor devices and storage of related node information. The main function of the network layer is to provide the correct operation of the IEEE 802.15.4-2003MAC sublayer, and to provide an appropriate service interface to the application layer through the SAP (Service Access Point). In order to interface with the application layer, the network layer conceptually contains There are two service entities with the required functions: the data entity (NLDE) mainly provides data transmission services through its corresponding SAP (ie NLDE-SAP); the management entity (NLME) mainly provides access to internal layer parameters, A mechanism for configuring and managing data.

4) Application layer (ApplicationLayer, APL)

The application layer (APL) is the highest layer of the ZigBee protocol stack. The application layer is mainly responsible for mapping different applications to the ZigBee network. Specifically, the application layer includes the following functions: use the application to maintain the functional attributes of the device; use the application layer to discover the work of other devices in the device workspace; the application layer Communication between multiple devices is made according to services and requirements; the application layer is mainly developed by users according to specific applications. It includes the application support layer (ApplicationSupportLayer, APS). ZigBee device object (ZigBeeDeviceObject, ZDO) and application object (ApplicationObject),

①Application Support Layer (ApplicationSupportLayer, APS) provides two interfaces: Application Support Layer Management Entity Service Access Point (APSManagementEntityServiceAccessPoint, APSME-SAP) and Application Support Layer Data Entity Service Access Point (APSDataEntityServiceAccessPoint, APSDE-SAP). The former is used to implement security and receive application layer information through the coordinator's ZDO, and the latter sends data through the application object and ZDO.

② ZigBee device object ((ZigBeeDeviceObject, ZDO) provides an interface for application objects to discover other devices and services. In addition, ZDO also responds to other devices' requests for their own information. ZDO uses APSDE-SAP and NLME-SAP to support these functions.

③Application Object (ApplicationObject) is a manufacturer's application that actually runs on the ZigBee protocol stack.

ZIGBEE has three networking methods: star network, tree network, and mesh network. The nodes of the star network can only communicate with each other through the coordinator. The tree-like network strings each communication node into a line, and each node can only communicate along this line by way of transmission. The first two communication methods can only be used for some simple applications, which will not be discussed here. The mesh network has powerful functions, and the nodes of the network can communicate with each other flexibly, and the network can communicate through "multi-level hops"; the topology can also form an extremely complex network; the network also has self-organization, self-healing function. Give full play to the advantages of wireless network communication. The following uses the ZIGBEE protocol to establish the work flow of the mesh network to illustrate the specific realization of its communication.

The ZIGBEE protocol stack is more complicated, but the ZIBEE Alliance encapsulates some programming interfaces for our specific applications. Such as APS layer, ZDO layer, AF layer, OSAL operating system layer. Most of the functions of our specific applications can be realized through these high-level interfaces, which encapsulate the implementation details of the network layer and the physical layer. These complex tasks become transparent and convenient for program development.

ZIGBEE2006 protocol stack provides a program framework for application development, just like using VC++, we only need to care about the establishment of applications. First let us get to know the ZIGBEE2006 protocol stack, open the protocol stack, and you can see the structure of the entire protocol stack in the Workspace on the left side of the project file.

APP: Application layer directory, which is the area where users create various projects. This directory contains the content of the application layer and the main content of this project. In the protocol stack, it is generally implemented by the tasks of the operating system.

HAL: The hardware layer directory, which contains hardware-related configurations, drivers, and operating functions.

MAC: MAC layer directory, including the parameter configuration file of the MAC layer and the function interface file of the LIB library of the MAC.

MT: Realize the controllability of each layer through the serial port, and conduct direct interaction at each layer.

NWK: network layer directory, including network layer configuration parameter files and function interface files of network layer library, function interface of APS layer library

OSAL: The operating system of the protocol stack.

Profile: AF layer directory, including AF layer processing function files.

Security: security layer directory, security layer processing functions, such as encryption functions, etc.

Services: address processing function directory, including the definition of address mode and address processing functions.

Tools: project configuration directory, including space division and ZStack related configuration information.

ZDO: ZDO Directory

ZMac: MAC layer directory, including MAC layer parameter configuration and MAC layer LIB library function callback processing function.

ZMain: Main function directory, including entry functions and hardware configuration files.

Output: Output file directory, which is automatically generated by the EW8051IDE.

It can be seen from the above description that in the entire protocol stack, the functions of Zigbee have been fully reflected, and the method of building a project on this basis is mainly to change the application layer. The program first takes the first step of establishing a network from the main function MAIN of the entrance. Hardware devices are initialized in the main function, including clocks, interrupts, interfaces, external devices, etc.

The entire protocol stack runs through an operating system. If we want to add our own application, we need to add a task. In the OSAL.c file in the protocol stack, the function of the byte osal_init_system(void) function is to initialize the operating system. In the function osal_start_system(), adding tasks to the operating system task table is implemented. In this function, the tasks required by the project are customized by calling the osalAddTasks() function. This function belongs to the interface function between the application layer and the operating system layer. Generally, the establishment of a project needs to be modified according to the needs of the system. functions in the application layer. The osalAddTasks() function completes task addition through the osalTaskAdd() function. First, load the tasks needed to support the protocol stack function into this function. The osalTaskAdd() function needs three parameters. The first parameter is the pointer to the initialization function of each task, and the second parameter is the pointer to the event function of each task. . Note that each task, including the ones written by ourselves, must have two functions: an initialization function and an event function, and the third parameter is the priority level of the task.

Using the sending function, we can concoct various application sending, including unicast sending, group sending, and broadcast sending. The combination of these three information transmission methods realizes all data transmission between network nodes.

In adding tasks, the osalTaskAdd(nwk_init, nwk_event_loop, OSAL_TASK_PRIORITY_MED) function has made great contributions to the establishment of the network. It calls the nwk_init and nwk_event_loop functions to complete the entire establishment process of the network layer, including network initialization (coordinator, router, terminal establishment),

These two functions call a large number of network layer functions. Such as: NLME_JoinRequest, NLME_NetWorkFormation, NLME_NetworkDiscoveryRequest, etc., it is best not to use these functions, unless you fully understand the establishment process of the network, but use ZDO_StartDevice() to initialize, establish and join the network, and one function can realize all functions.

A ZIGBEE network may contain dozens or hundreds of nodes, and ZIGBEE can make these nodes share a network, that is, there is only one coordinator in the network (there can only be one coordinator in a network, that is, a network identifier ). The transmission distance of a node is only about 100 meters in an open area. In the range far greater than 100 meters, nodes join the network or communicate with each other through routing. ZIGBEE adopts the on-demand routing algorithm AODV, which has great advantages in energy saving and network performance. AODV routing protocol is an on-demand routing algorithm based on distance vector, which only maintains the required routes, and does not require nodes to maintain routes that do not reach the destination nodes during the communication process. Nodes only remember the next hop, not the entire route like source node routing. It can dynamically and automatically establish hop-by-hop routes between mobile nodes in the network. When the link is broken, AODV will notify the affected nodes, so that these nodes can be identified as invalid routes. AODV allows mobile nodes to respond to link breakages and update the network topology in a timely manner.

The data transmission device is characterized in that a wireless signal of a specific form is used to establish wireless communication between devices, the wireless signal is composed of a logic signal part and a time slot part, and the logic signal part is used to transmit various commands or Information, the time slot part is used for the device to perform backscatter modulation to transmit a binary response signal to the device; based on wireless communication, the device sends corresponding commands/or information to make the device in the initial state, general query state, The general search state, waiting state, and confirmation state are correspondingly converted and search and/or query actions are performed, thereby completing the identification between devices. The invention solves the synchronization problem of the previous binary search method and improves the anti-jamming performance.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the accompanying drawing is only a schematic diagram of an embodiment, and the modules or processes in the accompanying drawing are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that: the modules in the device in the embodiment can be distributed in the device in the embodiment according to the description in the embodiment, and can also be changed and located in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules in the above embodiments can be combined into one module, and can also be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of power supply intelligent safety monitoring system based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that including：Power control system, Interface of internet of things layer, IOT application servers, intelligent monitoring application layer, node router and RFID reception hair terminal organ, wherein：

The power control system includes cabinet, rack, power-supply controller of electric, power supply interface, and the power-supply controller of electric is set In the cabinet, described in the cabinet setting in rack, each power supply interface is correspondingly arranged at a power supply Place, is directly connected, several power supply interfaces are connected by optical fiber with a power-supply controller of electric by cable with the power supply；

RFID each is set between the power supply interface and corresponding power-supply controller of electric, each power supply control Device processed is connected with front-end control computer, and the front-end control computer should with the IOT by interface of internet of things layer It is connected with server, the status information of power-supply controller of electric is sent to the IOT application servers；

The IOT application servers are connected by intelligent monitoring application layer and the application program of user terminal, the intelligent monitoring Application layer is compared to parameters in the status information of each power-supply controller of electric with corresponding setting range value, it is determined that Whether power-supply controller of electric is broken down, and the power-supply controller of electric broken down and corresponding RFID are pushed into user Terminal；

The node router, RFID reception hair terminal organ and the IOT application servers pass through Internet protocol construct Intranet network, when attendant is hand-held, and there is the user terminal for reading RFID to add the Internet of Things network, root According to the trouble power controller correspondence RFID Information locating RFID received, realize to trouble power control The positioning of device processed.

2. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that：It is described Front-end control computer and the IOT application servers are sent in batches using ICP/IP protocol and sockets interface communication data, 1 data file is sent per wholesale；Data file is preferably text file format；Each data file includes wall scroll or many datas Record.

3. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 2 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that：Data 1st article of record of file should be data head, and data head is by database (or file) title and tables of data (or data file) name Claim composition.

4. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 2 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that：Data Used between storehouse (or file) title and tables of data (database file) title "；" separate data heads " | " end databases (or file) title is represented with 2 letters：KJ represents mine supervision, and tables of data (or data file) title is with 4 alphabets Show that 5. record is terminated with "~" per data；Per data record in field with "；" separate 7. per batch data with " ‖ " knot Beam.

5. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that described The database of IOT application servers includes following at least one security monitoring information：AQMT-security monitoring, analog quantity statistics Value；The alarm such as AQBJ-security monitoring, analog quantity and switching value, power-off, feed exception, system operation irregularity；AQKD-safety Monitoring, switching value action；AQMC-security monitoring, analog quantity initialization；AQKC-security monitoring, switching value initialization center Standing should be from trend Surveillance center transmission analog quantity feed exception, analog quantity power-off, analog quantity alarm, analog quantity statistical value, switch The information such as amount feed is abnormal, switching value alarm (power-off), switching value action, system operation irregularity, initialization.

6. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that simulation Amount statistical value is at least uploaded 1 time every setting time, and content includes：Power supply, the time (year-month-day/when：Point：Second), monitoring Place, measured title, average value, maximum, maximum moment, minimum value, minimum value moment.

7. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that simulation Amount and switching value are alarmed, powered off, feed condition change is uploaded immediately, and content includes：Power supply, the time (year-month-day/when：Point： Second), classification (analog quantity, switching value, working condition, treatment measures etc.), monitoring place, measured title, state (alarm, solution Except alarm；Power-off, telegram in reply；Feed is abnormal, feed is normal；It is operation irregularity, working properly；People etc. is removed in power failure；No more than 10 Chinese Word length).

8. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that switch Amount state change can not be uploaded, if uploading, content includes：Power supply, the state change moment (year-month-day/when：Point：Second), prison Geodetic point, measured title, state (open, stop).

9. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that simulation Amount initiation parameter change is uploaded immediately, and content includes：Power supply, initialization, generation the time (year-month-day/when：Point：Second), Monitor place, measured title, unit, alarming value, power-down value, telegram in reply value, outage area.

10. the power supply intelligent safety monitoring system according to claim 5 based on Internet of Things, it is characterised in that open Pass amount initiation parameter change is uploaded immediately, and content includes：Power supply, initialization, generation the time (year-month-day/when：Point： Second), monitoring place, measured title, alarm (power-off) state, outage area.