CN107035811A - Load self-adapting type stroke correlation mutative damp shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a load-adaptive stroke-related variable damping shock absorber. In order to overcome the problem that the existing stroke-related damping shock absorber cannot give full play to the advantages of the shock absorber and even reduce the driving comfort of the vehicle when the vehicle load changes. The variable damping shock absorber includes a shock absorber, an air spring (4), a pneumatic adjustment device and a pneumatic actuator; the air spring (4) is installed on the top of the shock absorber and is set on the piston rod (3). The airway valve body (7) is installed on the inner cylinder (23) of the shock absorber, the plunger (17) is installed in the inner cylinder (23), and the upper end of the plunger (17) slides with the airway valve body (7) Cooperate, the lower end of the plunger (17) is slidingly matched with the bottom end of the inner cylinder (23); the air spring (4) is connected with the air pipe (31) of the pneumatic actuator through the air outlet on the upper top cover (2) of the shock absorber , the trachea (31) is connected with the horizontal airway on the airway valve body (7) through the electromagnetic valve (30).

Description

Load Adaptive Stroke Dependent Variable Damping Shock Absorber

technical field

The invention relates to a device in the technical field of automobile chassis, more precisely, the invention relates to a load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber suitable for various vehicle suspension systems.

Background technique

The suspension system is one of the main components in the vehicle chassis, which has an important impact on the ride comfort, driving maneuverability and passenger comfort of the vehicle during driving. Among the shock absorbers commonly used in vehicle suspensions on the market, barrel shock absorbers are mostly used. The piston assembly of this type of shock absorber has a piston compression check valve, a piston stretching check valve and a piston flow valve, and a bottom valve assembly has a bottom valve compression check valve, a bottom valve stretching check valve and a bottom valve. Through the circulation valve, the piston moves up and down during the compression and expansion process of the shock absorber, so that the damping fluid flows in the above-mentioned valve parts and generates a damping force to prevent the piston from moving, and converts the vibration energy of the vehicle into the flow heat energy of the damping oil, and then Realize the vibration reduction effect. Since the damping characteristics of the above-mentioned shock absorber are related to the performance of the shock absorber and the relevant parameters of each valve plate, once the above-mentioned valve assemblies are installed, the damping characteristics of the shock absorber cannot be adjusted. In order to meet the adjustment requirements of the damping coefficient of the shock absorber under different road surfaces and working conditions, the stroke-dependent shock absorber developed on the basis of the traditional shock absorber in recent years can provide a smaller The damping force; under the large stroke of the piston, it provides a large damping force. This type of shock absorber is sensitive to the vibration of the suspension, can be adjusted quickly, can adapt to the vibration reduction requirements of various road surfaces, and significantly improves the driving comfort of the vehicle. However, the position of the bypass groove in the stroke-related shock absorber cannot be changed, so the height of the suspension is different under the condition of no-load and full-load of the vehicle, and the balance position of the piston in the shock absorber will change, so that under the condition of full load, the The equilibrium position of the piston in a stroke-dependent shock absorber relative to the position of the bypass groove will deviate from the ideal value of the design under no-load conditions, and then the advantages of the shock absorber cannot be fully utilized under load-changing conditions, and the vehicle will even drive smoothly reduced sex.

In view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the existing stroke-dependent damping shock absorber cannot give full play to the advantages of the shock absorber and even reduce the driving comfort of the vehicle when the vehicle load changes, and provides a load adaptive Type stroke dependent variable damping shock absorber.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions: the load adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber includes a shock absorber, an air spring, a pneumatic adjustment device and a pneumatic actuator;

The shock absorber includes an upper top cover, a piston rod, a sealing plate, a top cover, a limit block, an outer cylinder, a piston assembly, an inner cylinder and a bottom valve assembly;

The pneumatic adjustment device includes an airway valve body and a plunger;

The pneumatic actuator includes a solenoid valve and a gas pipe;

The inner cylinder is installed in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder, the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is equal, the bottom end surface of the inner cylinder is in contact with the inner surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder and connected by welding, and the airway valve body is installed At the gap at the upper end of the inner cylinder, the airway boss on the airway valve body is inserted into the through hole of the boss on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and the through hole of the outer boss, and the sealing plate is installed on the top of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, limiting The position block and the top cover are installed in the inner cylinder to be threaded, and the limit block and the top cover are connected by contact. The limit block is under the top cover, the piston rod is inserted into the top cover and the limit block, and the piston assembly is fixed. Installed at the lower end of the piston rod, the bottom valve assembly is fixedly installed at the lower end of the inner cavity of the inner cylinder, the air spring is fixedly installed on the top cover and sleeved on the piston rod, and the upper end of the air spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the piston rod through the upper top cover , the lower end of the air spring is fixedly connected with the upper end of the top cover, the plunger is installed in the inner cylinder, the upper end of the plunger is slidingly connected with the airway valve body, and the lower end of the plunger is slidingly connected with the bottom end of the inner cylinder; the air spring passes through the upper The air spring air outlet on the cover is connected with the air pipe, and the air pipe is connected with the horizontal air passage on the air passage valve body through the electromagnetic valve.

The shock absorber described in the technical solution also includes an upper nut, a No. 4 sealing ring, a nut, a No. 1 sealing pressure ring and a No. 2 sealing pressure ring; the upper nut is installed on the upper end of the piston rod, and the bottom end surface of the upper nut It is connected with the top surface of the upper top cover, the nut is installed at the lower end of the piston rod, the top surface of the nut is connected with the bottom surface of the piston in the piston assembly, and the No. 4 sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring groove on the limit block , the No. 1 sealing pressure ring is set on the upper end of the air spring and the lower end of the upper top cover, and the air spring and the upper top cover are fixedly connected, and the No. 2 sealing pressure ring is set on the lower end of the air spring and the upper end of the top cover. There is a fixed connection between the air spring and the top cover.

The pneumatic adjustment device described in the technical solution also includes No. 1 sealing ring, No. 2 sealing ring, No. 3 sealing ring, No. 5 sealing ring and spring; the No. 1 sealing ring is installed in the through hole of the outer boss on the outer cylinder The No. 1 seal ring groove on the inner wall, the No. 2 seal ring is installed in the No. 2 seal ring groove on the inner wall of the boss through hole on the inner cylinder, and the No. 1 seal ring and No. 2 seal ring are set in the pneumatic adjustment device at the same time The airway boss on the airway valve body is a contact connection, the No. 3 sealing ring is set in the upper sealing ring groove at the upper end of the plunger, the No. 5 sealing ring is set in the lower sealing ring groove at the lower end of the plunger, and the spring is installed in the Between the bottom of the channel deep blind hole at the bottom of the inner cylinder and the end surface of the plunger bottom.

The air spring described in the technical solution is replaced by a coil spring, the coil spring is installed between the top cover and the top cover, and the top end surface and the bottom end surface of the coil spring are respectively connected with the bottom end surface of the top cover and the top end surface of the top cover , the upper top cover, the coil spring and the top cover are set on the piston rod and fixed by the upper nut, and the bottom end surface of the upper nut is in contact with the top surface of the upper top cover;

The pneumatic actuator also includes a control valve and a high-pressure air source; the inlet and outlet of the high-pressure air source are connected to one interface of the normally closed solenoid valve through the air pipe, and the other interface of the normally closed electromagnetic valve is connected to the air pipe through the air pipe. The horizontal airway on the airway valve body in the pneumatic regulating device is connected, and one end of the control valve is connected with the high-pressure air source through the air pipe.

The inner cylinder described in the technical proposal is a cylindrical structural member with open upper and lower ends. The inner cylinder is composed of a main cylinder and a small ring with a central angle of less than or equal to 180 degrees. The small ring is connected to the main cylinder. Through, the axis of rotation of the small ring body and the main cylinder is parallel to each other, the height of the small ring body and the main cylinder is equal, only a gap is set at the top of the small ring body where the airway valve body is installed, that is The height of the small ring body in the inner cylinder is smaller than that of the small outer ring body in the outer cylinder, and the height difference between the two is the thickness of the upper end flange of the airway valve body.

The inner cavity of the small torus communicates with the inner cavity of the main cylinder, the lower end of the small torus is a solid body and is integrated with the wall of the lower end of the main cylinder to form a complex, and the center of the complex is connected A channel deep blind hole with equal cross-section is arranged along the axis of rotation of the small circular body. Shaped boss, the axis of rotation of the circular boss and the small ring body are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the main cylinder, and the center of the circular boss is provided with a small ring body and the inner cavity of the main cylinder along its axis. The through hole of the boss is connected, the inner wall of the through hole of the boss is provided with the No. 2 seal ring groove for installing the No. 2 seal ring, and the inner wall of the inner hole at the upper end of the main cylinder body of the inner cylinder is provided with a limit block, a top For the inner thread of the cover, there is a hole in the radial direction on the bottom wall of the inner cylinder, the hole is located below the position where the bottom valve assembly is installed in the inner cylinder, and the upper end of the inner cylinder is radially provided on the cylinder wall below the internal thread. The No. 1 and No. 2 holes have the same structure.

The outer cylinder described in the technical proposal is a cylindrical structure with a bottom at the bottom, and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are similar in structure and shape, except that the structural size of the outer cylinder is larger than that of the inner cylinder, and the outer cylinder is composed of the outer main cylinder It is composed of a small outer torus with a central angle of less than or equal to 180 degrees. The small outer torus intersects with the outer main cylinder. The axes of rotation of the small outer torus and the outer main cylinder are parallel to each other. The small outer torus The height of the body and the outer main cylinder is equal, and the inner cavity of the small outer torus communicates with the inner cavity of the outer main cylinder; the upper end of the small outer torus is provided with an outer circular boss, and the outer circular convex The axis of rotation of the table and the small outer ring body are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the outer main cylinder, and the center of the outer circular boss is provided along its axis with the small outer ring body and the inner cavity of the outer main cylinder. The through hole of the outer boss, the inner wall of the through hole of the outer boss is provided with a No. 1 seal ring groove for installing the No. 1 seal ring, and the inner side of the small outer ring body in the outer cylinder is provided with a small ring body installed in the inner cylinder. The outer ring groove of the circular boss, the rotation axis of the outer ring groove and the rotation axis of the through hole of the outer boss are collinear, the rotation axis of the outer main cylinder of the outer cylinder and the main cylinder of the inner cylinder The axis of rotation of the body is collinear, the axis of rotation of the small outer ring body of the outer cylinder is collinear with the axis of rotation of the small ring body of the inner cylinder, and the gap between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder is equal to form an oil storage chamber.

The airway valve body described in the technical solution is composed of a vertically placed valve body body, a horizontally placed airway boss and a horizontally placed valve body flange; the valve body body is surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces The straight rod structure with equal cross-section, the radius of the left cylindrical surface is equal to the radius of the small ring body of the inner cylinder, the radius of the right cylindrical surface is equal to the radius of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder, and the radius of the main body of the valve body The center is axially provided with a long strip deep hole with equal cross-section and the upper section rod in the plunger, that is, a vertical channel.

The cylindrical airway boss is installed horizontally on the left side of the valve body body, the airway boss and the valve body body are integrated, the rotation axis of the airway boss and the rotation axis of the valve body body are vertically intersected, The center of the airway boss is provided with a cylindrical central hole, namely the horizontal airway, along the horizontal direction. The central hole on the airway boss, that is, the horizontal airway, communicates with the elongated hole on the valve body body, that is, the vertical passage.

The valve body flange is a flat plate structure surrounded by two arc-shaped surfaces and two planes. The valve body flange is aligned with the top of the valve body body and connected into one body. The radii of the outer arc surface of the valve body and the outer cylindrical surface of the small torus of the inner cylinder are equal and coplanar, and the inner arc surface of the valve body flange and the main cylinder in the inner cylinder are equal in radius and coplanar. The two arc-shaped surfaces are relatively positive, and the centers of rotation of the two arc-shaped surfaces are on the same side. A plane is set on both sides of the two oppositely positive arc-shaped surfaces, and the two planes are parallel to each other and the center line of the two arc-shaped surfaces. Symmetrically parallel.

The plunger described in the technical proposal is composed of an upper rod, a middle rod and a lower rod; A strip section composed of parallel straight lines and two symmetrically arranged arcs with equal structures; the strip section and the cross section of the vertical channel on the airway valve body and the cross section of the channel deep blind hole on the composite body in the inner cylinder Sections are the same.

The middle rod is a straight rod with equal cross-section, and the structural size of the middle rod is greater than that of the upper rod and the lower rod, that is, the upper rod, the lower rod and the two ends of the middle rod form a stepped end face, and the equal cross-section of the middle rod The structural shape is the same as the shape of the inner cavity cross section of the small torus in the inner cylinder, that is, the middle rod is a straight rod structure with equal cross section surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces, and the left cylindrical surface is the radius and the middle of the inner cylinder. The inner cylindrical surface of the small torus is a cylindrical surface with the same radius, and the right cylindrical surface is a cylindrical surface facing the inner cavity of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder and equal in radius to the inner cavity of the main cylinder, and the right cylindrical surface is the main cylindrical surface in the inner cylinder. A part of the cylindrical surface of the inner cavity of the cylinder; the upper and lower ends of the middle rod are provided with sealing ring grooves for installing the No. 3 sealing ring and the No. 5 sealing ring; A bypass groove with a depth of 1-1.5mm and a length of 30-60mm, the upper and lower ends of the bypass groove are connected by a gentle transition of a cylindrical surface.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The air spring or common helical spring in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention is coaxially and integrally arranged with the shock absorber, which has a compact structure and reduces the installation space of the suspension system. Springs and shock absorbers can also be arranged separately if necessary;

2. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention provides a small damping force under the small-amplitude stroke of the piston, and provides a relatively large damping force under the large-amplitude stroke of the piston, and is responsive and reduces The vibration effect is good, which can effectively improve the driving comfort of the vehicle;

3. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention can use the pressure change of the air spring or high-pressure air source through the airway valve body and the plunger device to make the pressure of the plunger in the airway valve body According to the different load states of the vehicle, the position of the bypass groove of the shock absorber can be adjusted adaptively according to the random change of the vehicle load state, so that the shock absorber can have a good vibration reduction effect under different vehicle load states.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

Fig. 1 is a full sectional view on the front view of the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber with an air spring according to the present invention;

Figure 1-a is a partially enlarged view of the structure of the airway valve body at A in Figure 1;

Figure 1-b is a partial enlarged view of the structure of the plunger bypass groove at B in Figure 1;

Figure 1-c is a partially enlarged view of the structure at the lower end of the plunger at position C in Figure 1;

Figure 1-d is an axonometric projection view of the plunger structure in Figure 1;

Figure 1-e is a front view of the structure of the airway valve body used in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Fig. 1-f is a right view of the structure of the airway valve body in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Figure 1-g is a top view of the structure of the airway valve body in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Figure 1-h is a full cross-sectional view of the top view of the shock absorber at the bypass groove at F-F in Figure 1;

Figure 1-i is a full cross-sectional view of the top view of the shock absorber at the airway valve body at G-G in Figure 1;

Fig. 1-j is a full cross-sectional view on the front view of the structure of the piston assembly in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Figure 1-k is a full cross-sectional view of the front view of the structure of the bottom valve assembly of the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an axonometric projection view of the composition of the airway valve body structure in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an axonometric projection view of the structure of the bypass groove on the plunger in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is an axonometric projection view of the structure of the lower end of the plunger in the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural principle diagram of the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber with an air spring according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a control flow diagram of the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber with an air spring according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural principle diagram of a load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber with a coil spring according to the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Upper nut, 2. Upper top cover, 3. Piston rod, 4. Air spring, 5. Air spring inner cavity, 6. Sealing plate, 7. Airway valve body, No. 8.1 sealing ring, No. 9.2 Sealing ring, 10. Top cover, No. 11.3 sealing ring, No. 12.4 sealing ring, 13. Limit block, No. 14.1 small hole, 15. Outer cylinder, No. 16.2 small hole, 17. Plunger; 18. Upper chamber, 19 .Piston assembly, 20. Bypass groove, 21. Nut, 22. Lower chamber, 23. Inner cylinder, 24. No. 5 sealing ring, 25. Spring, 26. Bottom valve assembly, 27. Oil storage chamber, 28. Hole , 29. Air spring outlet, 30. Solenoid valve, 31. Trachea, 32. Coil spring, 33. Control valve, 34. High pressure air source, 35.1 No. sealing pressure ring, 36.2 No. sealing pressure ring, 37. Piston ring valve Sheet, 38. Piston compression one-way valve, 39. Piston stretching one-way valve, 40. Piston circulation one-way valve, 41. Bottom valve ring valve, 42. Bottom valve compression one-way valve, 43. Bottom valve stretching One-way valve, 44. bottom valve flow valve, 45. valve plate fixing bolt, 46. valve plate fixing nut.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Referring to Fig. 1, the load adaptive stroke-related variable damping shock absorber of the present invention includes a shock absorber, an air spring 4 (or coil spring 32), a pneumatic adjustment device and a pneumatic actuator; wherein:

The shock absorber is a two-tube structure, and the shock absorber includes an upper nut 1, an upper top cover 2, a piston rod 3, a sealing plate 6, a top cover 10, a No. 4 sealing ring 12, a limit block 13, an outer Cylinder 15, piston assembly 19, nut 21, inner cylinder 23, bottom valve assembly 26, No. 1 sealing pressure ring 35 and No. 2 sealing pressure ring 36.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1-a, Fig. 1-c, Fig. 1-h and Fig. 1-i, the inner cylinder 23 is a cylindrical structure with upper and lower ends open, and the main cylinder body and the central angle It is composed of small torus less than or equal to 180 degrees, the small torus intersects with the main cylinder, the rotation axes of the small torus and the main cylinder are parallel to each other, and the height of the small torus and the main cylinder are equal , the inner cavity of the small torus communicates with the inner cavity of the main cylinder, the lower end of the small torus is a solid body and is integrated with the wall of the lower end of the main cylinder to form a complex, and the center of the complex A deep blind hole of equal cross-section is provided along the axis of rotation of the small circular body. The cross-sectional shape of the channel deep blind hole is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the lower end of the plunger 17 installed therein, and the two are slidingly fitted. To realize the plunger 17 in the inner cylinder 23 (the small ring body) and move up and down along the axial direction of the inner cylinder 23; the upper end of the small ring body is provided with a circular boss, the axis of rotation of the circular boss and the small The torus and the axis of rotation of the main cylinder are vertically intersected, and the center of the circular boss is provided with a boss through hole communicating with the small torus and the inner cavity of the main cylinder along its axis, and the inner wall of the boss through hole is The No. 2 seal ring groove for installing the No. 2 seal ring 9 is arranged on the top, and the No. 2 seal ring 9 installed in the No. 2 seal ring groove realizes the sealing between the oil storage chamber 27 and the airway valve body 7; The inner wall of the inner hole is provided with an internal thread for installing the stopper 13 and the top cover 10, so as to realize the installation of the stopper 13 and the top cover 10; It is located below the position where the bottom valve assembly 26 is installed in the inner cylinder 23 to realize the flow of damping fluid between the oil storage chamber 27 and the lower chamber 22 of the working chamber. The upper part of the inner cylinder 23 is the cylinder wall below the internal thread A No. 1 small hole 14 and a No. 2 small hole 16 with the same structure are arranged radially to realize the flow of damping fluid between the oil storage chamber 27 and the upper chamber 18 of the working chamber.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1-a, Fig. 1-c, Fig. 1-h and Fig. 1-i, the outer cylinder 15 is a cylindrical structure with a bottom at the bottom, and the outer cylinder 15 and the inner cylinder 23 The structural shapes are similar, except that the structural size of the outer cylinder 15 is greater than that of the inner cylinder 23. The outer cylinder 15 is composed of an outer main cylinder and a small outer ring with a central angle of less than or equal to 180 degrees. The small outer ring is connected to the outer ring. The main cylinders intersect, the axes of rotation of the small outer torus and the outer main cylinder are parallel to each other, the heights of the small outer torus and the outer main cylinder are equal, and the inner cavity of the small outer torus is in line with the outer main cylinder. The inner cavity of the cylindrical body is connected; the upper end of the small outer ring body is provided with an outer circular boss, and the rotation axis of the outer circular boss and the rotation axis of the small outer ring body and the outer main cylinder are perpendicularly intersected. The center of the outer circular boss is provided with an outer boss through hole communicating with the small outer ring body and the inner cavity of the outer main cylinder along its axis, and the inner wall of the outer boss through hole is provided with a No. 1 sealing ring 8 No. 1 sealing ring groove, the No. 1 sealing ring 8 installed in the No. 1 sealing ring groove realizes the sealing between the oil storage chamber 27 and the airway valve body 7; the inner side of the small outer ring body in the outer cylinder 15 is provided with Install the outer ring groove of the circular boss on the small ring body in the inner cylinder 23, the axis of revolution of the outer ring groove is collinear with the axis of rotation of the through hole of the outer boss, and the inner cylinder 23 is installed on the outer cylinder 15 In the inner cavity, the bottom end surface of the inner cylinder 23 is in contact with the inner surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder 15, and the two are connected by welding. The axis of rotation of cylinder body is collinear, the axis of revolution of the small ring body of inner tube 23 is collinear with the axis of rotation of the small outer ring body of outer tube 15, and the gap between inner tube 23 and outer tube 15 is equal and forms storage space. The height of the oil chamber 27 and the inner cylinder 23 is equal to the inner cavity height of the outer cylinder 15, but a gap is set at the place where the airway valve body 7 is installed, that is, the height of the small ring body in the inner cylinder 23 is smaller than that of the outer cylinder 15. The height of the small outer ring body, the height difference between the two is the thickness of the upper flange of the airway valve body 7 .

Referring to Fig. 1, the described upper top cover 2 is a disc-like structure, and the upper top cover 2 is composed of a top cover plate and a flange. There is a through hole in the center of the cover plate for installing the piston rod 3. The flange is a circular structure with a rectangular cross-section. The flange is installed on one side of the top cover plate, and the two are integrated. The top cover The through hole in the center of the plate and the cover plate is collinear with the center line of rotation of the flange.

When the shock absorber adopts the air spring 4, an air spring air outlet 29 is processed on the upper top cover 2, and the air spring air outlet 29 is connected with other parts through the air pipe 31, and the air spring 4 is installed on the upper top cover 2 and the top cover 10. Between them, the top of the air spring 4 is connected to the flange in the top cover 2 by the No. 1 sealing pressure ring 35, and the bottom end of the air spring 4 is connected to the top of the top cover 10 by the No. 2 sealing pressure ring 36, which is the flange. peripheral connections. When the shock absorber adopts the helical spring 32, one end of the helical spring 32 is installed in the cavity formed by the top cover 2, that is, the top cover plate and the flange, and the other end of the helical spring 32 is in contact with the top surface of the top cover 10. Then use the upper nut 1 and the nut 21 to install the coil spring 32 between the upper top cover 2 and the top cover 10, and make the upper top cover 2 and the coil spring 32 set in the insertion top cover 10, the limit block 13 and the piston assembly The upper end of the piston rod 3 of 19.

The top cover 10 is composed of a cylindrical top cover main body and a circular flange, the top cover main body and the flange are integrated, the rotation axis of the top cover main body and the flange is collinear, and the center of the top cover 10 is A central through hole for installing the piston rod 3 is provided in the axial direction, and an external thread connected with the inner cylinder 23 is provided around the main body of the top cover.

The sealing plate 6 is an annular structure made of rubber, and one side of the sealing plate 6 is provided with an annular boss with a rectangular cross-section. The shape of the cross-section after the cylinders intersect, the radial width of the annular boss is the radial difference between the outer cylinder 15 and the inner cylinder 23, the inner cavity size of the annular boss is the same as the outer dimension of the top of the inner cylinder 23, and the sealing plate 6 Set on the top cover main body in the top cover 10, the top surface of the sealing plate 6 is in contact with the bottom end surface of the flange in the top cover 10, and the ring boss in the sealing plate 6 is installed on the outer cylinder 15 and the airway valve Between the top of the body 7, other parts of the sealing plate 6 and the outer cylinder 15 are in contact with the top surface of the airway valve body 7.

Referring to FIG. 1-j, the piston assembly 19 includes a piston, a piston compression check valve 38 , a piston extension check valve 39 , a piston flow valve 40 and a piston annular valve plate 37 . Multiple sets of piston annular valve plates 37 are fixed on both sides of the piston through the stepped surface of the end surface of the piston rod 3 and the nut 21 to form a piston compression check valve 38 and a piston extension check valve 39 .

The piston assembly 19 is fixed on the lower end of the partially threaded piston rod 3 through a nut 21 .

Referring to Fig. 1-k, the bottom valve assembly 26 includes a bottom valve main body, a bottom valve compression check valve 42, a bottom valve stretching check valve 43, a bottom valve flow valve 44 and a bottom valve annular valve plate 41. . Multiple sets of bottom valve annular valve plates are fixed on both sides of the bottom valve main body by valve plate fixing bolts 45 and valve plate fixing nuts 46 to form a bottom valve compression check valve 42 and a bottom valve tension check valve 43 .

The bottom valve assembly 26 is fixed on the bottom of the inner cylinder 23 by welding, and is located above the hole 28 .

The limiting block 13 is a cylindrical structural member, the center of the limiting block 13 is provided with a limiting through hole for installing the piston rod 3 in the axial direction, and the upper end of the limiting through hole is provided with a No. 4 seal. The sealing ring groove of the ring 12, the No. 4 sealing ring 12 realizes the dynamic sealing of the piston rod; the periphery of the limit block 13 is provided with an external thread connected with the inner cylinder 23, that is, the limit block 13 is fixedly connected to the inside of the inner cylinder 23 through threads, In order to realize the limit position of the upper limit position of the piston assembly 19 , and the upper surface of the limit block 13 is in contact with the bottom surface of the top cover 10 .

The space surrounded by the inner cylinder 23 of the shock absorber, the limit block 13 and the bottom valve assembly 26 is a working chamber, which is divided into an upper chamber 18 and a lower chamber 22 by the piston assembly 19 . The space between the inner cylinder 23 and the outer cylinder 15 of the shock absorber is called an oil storage chamber 27 . The piston assembly 19 is provided with a piston compression check valve 38 , a piston extension check valve 39 and a piston flow valve 40 . The bottom valve assembly 26 at the bottom of the shock absorber is fixed on the inner cylinder 23 by welding, and the bottom valve assembly 26 is provided with a bottom valve compression check valve 42, a bottom valve tension check valve 43, and a bottom valve flow valve 44. . The inner tube 23 one (left) side of the shock absorber is provided with a raised part, that is, a small ring body, and a plunger 17 is installed in the raised part, that is, a small ring body. The raised part in 23 moves up and down in the small ring body, and the inner surface of the plunger 17 is a part of the inner surface of the inner cylinder 23, that is, the inner surface of the plunger 17 and the inner surface of the main cylinder of the inner cylinder 23 Together form a complete cylindrical hole surface, the complete cylindrical hole surface formed by the two is in contact with the piston of the shock absorber piston assembly 19, and the two are connected by sliding fit. On the inner cylinder 23 of the shock absorber at the upper end of the upper chamber 18, the No. 1 small hole 14 and the No. 2 small hole 16 with the same structure are uniformly arranged on the wall of the inner cylinder 23 at the bottom of the lower chamber 22. The same structure is provided with holes 28, the holes 28 are located below the bottom valve assembly 26, and the oil in the working chamber and the oil storage chamber 27 communicates with each other through these holes 28. The top of the inner cylinder 23 is equipped with a sealing plate 6 and a top cover 10, and the stop block 13 is installed on the bottom of the top cover 10, and the two are connected by contact. Between the stop block 13 and the top cover 10, the stop block No. 4 sealing ring 12 for piston rod 3 dynamic sealing is installed in the sealing ring groove on 13, guarantees that the limit position of piston rod 3 is sealed with oil.

The air spring 4 adopts a membrane type air spring or a composite air spring, is installed between the top cover 2 and the top cover 10, and is respectively fixed on the top cover 35 and the No. 2 sealing press ring 36. Cover 2 and top cover 10. The air spring 4 realizes air pressure adjustment through the air spring air outlet 29 on the upper top cover 2 .

The coil spring 32 is an ordinary cylindrical coil spring, which is installed between the top cover 2 and the top cover 10 to be fixed on the shock absorber.

The pneumatic regulating device includes an airway valve body 7 , a No. 1 sealing ring 8 , a No. 2 sealing ring 9 , a No. 3 sealing ring 11 , a plunger 17 , a No. 5 sealing ring 24 and a spring 25 .

Referring to Figure 1-e, Figure 1-f, and Figure 1-g, the airway valve body 7 is composed of a vertically placed valve body body, a horizontally placed airway boss and a horizontally placed valve body flange;

The main body of the valve body is installed in the small ring body of the inner cylinder 23, and the two are connected in contact, so the main body of the valve body is a straight rod-type structural member with equal cross-section surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces. The radius of the side cylindrical surface is equal to the radius of the small ring body of the inner cylinder 23, the radius of the right cylindrical surface is equal to the radius of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23, and the center of the valve body body is provided with an equal cross-section along the axial direction. The strip deep hole matched with the upper end of the plunger 17 is a vertical channel, and the plunger 17 installed therein can move up and down in the vertical channel on the valve body body in the airway valve body 7 .

The cylindrical airway boss is installed horizontally on the left side of the valve body body, the airway boss and the valve body body are integrated, the rotation axis of the airway boss and the rotation axis of the valve body body are vertically intersected, The center of the airway boss is provided with a cylindrical central hole, namely the horizontal airway, along the horizontal direction. The central hole on the airway boss, that is, the horizontal airway, communicates with the elongated hole on the valve body body, that is, the vertical passage.

The valve body flange is a flat plate structure surrounded by two arc-shaped surfaces and two planes. The valve body flange and the top of the valve body body are aligned and integrated. The radii of the outer arc surface and the outer cylindrical surface of the small torus of the inner cylinder 23 are equal and coplanar, and the inner arc surface of the valve body flange and the radius of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23 are equal and coplanar , the two arc-shaped surfaces face each other, and a plane is respectively set on both sides of the two opposite arc-shaped surfaces, and the two planes are parallel to each other and symmetrically parallel to the center line of rotation of the two arc-shaped surfaces.

The airway valve body 7 is installed between the inner cylinder 23 and the top cover 10, specifically, the airway valve body 7 is installed at the gap at the top of the small ring body in the inner cylinder 23, and the installed airway valve body 7 The top end surface of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23 is coplanar with the top end surface of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23, and the top end surface of the airway valve body 7 is in the same plane as the top end surface of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23 and the sealing plate 6 (the inner side of the annular boss). The bottom surface of the airway valve body 7 is connected to the bottom end surface, the cylindrical horizontal airway on the airway valve body 7 is connected to one end of the air pipe 31, and the other end of the air pipe 31 is connected to the high-pressure air source 34 or the air spring 4, so that the high-pressure air source 34 or air The gas in the spring 4 can enter the airway valve body 7 .

Referring to Figure 1-a, Figure 1-b, Figure 1-c, and Figure 1-d, the plunger 17 is composed of an upper rod, a middle rod and a lower rod; The straight bar of section, described equal cross-section is the elongated section that is made up of two parallel straight lines equal in length and two oppositely arranged arcs that are equal in structure; The cross-section of the vertical passage is the same as that of the passage deep blind hole on the composite body in the inner cylinder 23;

The middle rod is a straight rod with equal cross-section, and the structural size of the middle rod is larger than that of the upper rod and the lower rod, that is, the upper rod, the lower rod and the two ends of the middle rod form a stepped end face to meet the needs of the plunger 17. Limit requirements for movement limit positions. The shape of the equal cross-section structure of the middle rod is equal to the shape of the inner chamber cross-section of the small ring body in the inner cylinder 23, that is, the middle rod is a straight rod-type structural member with equal cross-section surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces. The radius of the side cylindrical surface is equal to the inner cylindrical surface radius of the small torus in the inner cylinder 23, and the right cylindrical surface faces the inner cavity of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23 and is equal to the radius of the inner cavity of the main cylinder The right cylindrical surface is a part of the cylindrical surface of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder 23 to meet the inner cavity formed by the main cylinder of the inner cylinder 23 of the piston assembly 19 and the right cylindrical surface of the plunger 17. Move up and down in the middle; the upper and lower ends of the middle rod in the plunger 17 are provided with sealing ring grooves to install the irregularly shaped No. 3 sealing ring 11 and No. 5 sealing ring 24. When the plunger 17 is at the lower limit position The height of the No. 3 sealing ring 11 does not exceed the lower end surface of the limit block 13 to prevent the damping fluid from entering the airway valve body 7. When the plunger 17 is at the upper limit position, the height of the No. 5 sealing ring 24 is not lower than the bottom valve body. 26 bottom end faces, to prevent oil from entering the channel blind hole at the bottom of the inner cylinder 23 where the spring 25 is located.

Referring to Fig. 1-b, Fig. 1-d and Fig. 3, the working chamber side of the middle rod in the plunger 17 (that is, the right cylindrical surface) is provided with a strip with a width of 1-3 mm, a depth of 1-1.5 mm, and a length of 30-60mm bypass groove 20, the bypass groove 20 is located in the movement area of the piston assembly 19, and the upper and lower ends of the bypass groove 20 are connected with a smooth transition by a cylindrical surface or an arc surface. The size of the bypass groove 20 varies according to the vehicle type to which the shock absorber is applied, and each parameter changes to some extent.

The spring 25 is an ordinary cylindrical helical spring, which is installed between the channel hole at the bottom of the inner cylinder 23 and the bottom end surface of the plunger 17 to provide a return force for the upward movement of the plunger 17;

The No. 3 seal rings 11 and No. 5 seal rings are rubber seal rings whose shape is the same as that of the seal ring grooves at the upper and lower ends of the plunger 17;

Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 , the pneumatic actuator includes a solenoid valve 30 , an air pipe 31 , a control valve 33 and a high-pressure air source 34 .

Referring to Fig. 5, when the air spring 4 adopted in the technical solution of the load-adaptive stroke-related variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention, the air spring air outlet 29 provided at the top of the air spring 4 passes through the air pipe 31 and the normal One port of the closed solenoid valve 30 is connected, and the other port of the normally closed solenoid valve 30 is connected with the air inlet of the airway valve body 7 through the air pipe 31 .

Referring to Fig. 7, if the technical scheme of the load adaptive type stroke-related variable damping shock absorber according to the present invention adopts a coil spring 32, the inlet and outlet of the high-pressure gas source 34 pass through the air pipe 31 and the normally closed solenoid valve 30. One port is connected, the other port of the normally closed electromagnetic valve 30 is connected with the air inlet of the airway valve body 7 of the shock absorber through the air pipe 31 , and one end of the control valve 33 is connected with the high-pressure gas source 34 through the air pipe 31 .

The working principle of the load adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber described in the present invention:

Referring to FIG. 5 , by controlling the switching on of the solenoid valve 30 , the internal air pressure of the air spring 4 and the airway valve body 7 are balanced through the air pipe 31 , thereby controlling the position of the plunger 17 . When the vehicle load increases, the height of the equilibrium position of the piston assembly 19 in the shock absorber decreases, while the internal air pressure of the air spring 4 increases, and the gas in the airway valve body 7 increases, pushing the plunger 17 to move downward, thereby changing the pressure of the plunger 17. The position of the bypass groove 20 on the top makes the bypass groove 20 descend with the equilibrium position of the piston assembly 19, and keeps the relative position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17 and the piston assembly 19 from changing with the load. When the vehicle load decreases, the height of the equilibrium position of the piston assembly 19 in the shock absorber rises, while the internal air pressure of the air spring 4 decreases, the gas in the airway valve body 7 decreases, and the plunger 17 moves upward under the return action of the spring 25. Move, and then change the position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17, so that it rises with the equilibrium position of the piston assembly 19, and then keep the relative position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17 and the piston assembly 19 not changing with the load Changes and changes, to achieve load adaptive adjustment.

Referring to Fig. 6, firstly, the ECU receives the air pressure signal from the air spring inner cavity 5, and judges the change of the air pressure in the air spring inner cavity 5 within a time period of t. If the air pressure change value of the air spring inner chamber 5 is less than △P, the system judges that the vehicle is currently in a stationary state or an approximately stationary state, then updates the vehicle load state at this time, opens the solenoid valve 30, and uses the gas pressure inside the air spring to control and adjust The position of plunger 17. For example, when the vehicle changes from unloaded to fully loaded, the suspension is compressed, the piston assembly 19 moves downward, and the air spring air pressure remains unchanged after the increase. At this time, the system judges that the vehicle load has increased, and opens the solenoid valve 30 to make the air spring The gas in 4 enters the air passage valve body 7, presses the plunger 17 to make it move downward, and then adjusts the positions of the piston assembly 19 and the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17 to maximize the performance of the shock absorber. Good vibration reduction effect.

If the change in air pressure in the inner chamber 5 of the air spring is greater than △P, the system judges that the vehicle at this time belongs to the vehicle load change caused by the dynamic state, such as steering, braking, acceleration or obstacle passing, and the solenoid valve 30 is in the closed state at this time , keep the position of the plunger 17 inside the shock absorber, so that the change of the internal pressure of the air spring 4 due to the dynamic driving of the vehicle will not cause the change of the position of the plunger 17 inside the shock absorber, and the best effect of the shock absorber can be exerted as much as possible .

It should be noted that the specific values of the system judgment time t and other change thresholds △P need to be calibrated through experiments.

Referring to Fig. 7, if the technical scheme of the present invention adopts the shock absorber of coil spring 32, high-pressure gas source 34 is connected with an interface of air pipe 31 and normally closed electromagnetic valve 30, the other of normally closed electromagnetic valve 30 The interface is connected with the air inlet of the airway valve body 7 of the shock absorber through the air pipe 31 . The static displacement of the suspension is used to determine the position of the piston assembly 19 of the shock absorber in a static state, that is, the change of the vehicle load. When the vehicle load increases, the height of the suspension under the static load state decreases, and the height of the balance position of the piston assembly 19 decreases. At this time, the control valve 33 is opened to increase the air pressure of the high-pressure air source 34 to a certain pressure, the solenoid valve 30 is connected, and the high-pressure air source The gas in 34 enters the airway valve body 7 through the air pipe 31, pushes the plunger 17 to move downward, and then changes the position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17, so that it descends with the equilibrium position of the piston assembly 19, keeping the column The position of the bypass groove 20 on the plug 17 and the relative position of the piston assembly 19 do not change as the load increases. When the vehicle load decreases, the height of the suspension under static load increases, and the height of the balance position of the piston assembly 19 increases. At this time, the control valve 33 is opened to adjust the high-pressure air source 34. The air pressure is reduced to a certain pressure, the solenoid valve 30 is turned on, and the gas valve Part of the gas in the body enters the high-pressure gas source 34 through the air passage 31, and the plunger 17 moves upward under the return action of the spring 25, so that the position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17 follows the balance position of the piston assembly 19. Ascent, and then keep the position of the bypass groove 20 on the plunger 17 and the relative position of the piston assembly 19 not changing as the load decreases, so that the shock absorber has a good damping effect under different vehicle static load states.

Claims (8)

1. A load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber, characterized in that, the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber comprises a shock absorber, an air spring (4), a pneumatic adjustment device and a pneumatic executive body; The shock absorber includes an upper top cover (2), a piston rod (3), a sealing plate (6), a top cover (10), a limit block (13), an outer cylinder (15), a piston assembly (19 ), inner cylinder (23) and bottom valve assembly (26); The pneumatic regulating device includes an airway valve body (7) and a plunger (17); The pneumatic actuator includes a solenoid valve (30) and a gas pipe (31); The inner cylinder (23) is installed in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder (15), the gap between the inner cylinder (23) and the outer cylinder (15) is equal, and the bottom surface of the inner cylinder (23) and the outer cylinder (15) The inner surface of the bottom of the cylinder is in contact with and connected by welding, the airway valve body (7) is installed at the gap at the upper end of the inner cylinder (23), and the airway boss on the airway valve body (7) is inserted into the inner cylinder (23 ) and the through hole of the boss on the outer cylinder (15) and the through hole of the outer boss, the sealing plate (6) is installed on the top of the inner cylinder (23) and the outer cylinder (15), the limit block (13) and the top cover (10) Installed in the inner cylinder (23) for threaded connection, contact connection between the limit block (13) and the top cover (10), the limit block (13) is under the top cover (10), the piston rod (3) Insert the top cover (10) and the limit block (13), the piston assembly (19) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the piston rod (3), and the bottom valve assembly (26) is fixedly installed in the inner cylinder (23) At the lower end of the inner cavity, the air spring (4) is fixedly installed on the top cover (10) and is set on the piston rod (3), and the upper end of the air spring (4) passes through the upper top cover (2) and the upper end of the piston rod (3). Fixed connection, the lower end of the air spring (4) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the top cover (10), the plunger (17) is installed in the inner cylinder (23), the upper end of the plunger (17) is connected with the airway valve body (7) Slidingly connected, the lower end of the plunger (17) is slidably connected with the bottom end of the inner cylinder (23); the air spring (4) is connected with the air pipe (31) through the air spring outlet (29) on the upper top cover (2), The air pipe (31) is connected with the horizontal air passage on the air passage valve body (7) through the solenoid valve (30). 2. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the shock absorber also includes an upper nut (1), No. 4 sealing ring (12), nut (21 ), No. 1 sealing pressure ring (35) and No. 2 sealing pressure ring (36); The upper nut (1) is installed on the upper end of the piston rod (3), the bottom surface of the upper nut (1) is in contact with the top surface of the upper top cover (2), and the nut (21) is installed on the piston rod (3) the lower end of the nut (21), the top surface of the nut (21) is in contact with the bottom surface of the piston in the piston assembly (19), the No. 4 seal ring (12) is installed in the seal ring groove on the limit block (13), and the No. 1 The sealing pressure ring (35) is set on the upper end of the air spring (4) and the lower end of the upper top cover (2), the air spring (4) and the upper top cover (2) are fixedly connected, and the No. 2 sealing pressure ring ( 36) It is sleeved at the lower end of the air spring (4) and the upper end of the top cover (10), and is fixedly connected between the air spring (4) and the top cover (10). 3. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the pneumatic adjustment device also includes No. 1 sealing ring (8), No. 2 sealing ring (9), 3 No. sealing ring (11), No. 5 sealing ring (24) and spring (25); The No. 1 seal ring (8) is installed in the No. 1 seal ring groove on the inner wall of the through hole of the outer boss on the outer cylinder (15), and the No. 2 seal ring (9) is installed in the boss on the inner cylinder (23). In the No. 2 sealing ring groove on the inner wall of the platform through hole, the No. 1 sealing ring (8) and the No. 2 sealing ring (9) are simultaneously set on the air channel boss on the air channel valve body (7) in the pneumatic adjustment device. Contact connection, the No. 3 sealing ring (11) is set in the upper sealing ring groove at the upper end of the plunger (17), the No. 5 sealing ring (24) is set in the lower sealing ring groove at the lower end of the plunger (17), and the spring (25 ) is installed between the bottom of the channel deep blind hole at the bottom of the inner cylinder (23) and the end face of the plunger (17). 4. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the air spring (4) is replaced by a coil spring (32), and the coil spring (32) is installed on the top Between the cover (2) and the top cover (10), the top end surface and the bottom end surface of the coil spring (32) are respectively connected with the bottom end surface of the upper top cover (2) and the top end surface of the top cover (10), and the upper top cover (2), the coil spring (32) and the top cover (10) are set on the piston rod (3) and fixed by the upper nut (1), the bottom surface of the upper nut (1) and the top surface of the upper top cover (2) contact connection; The pneumatic actuator also includes a control valve (33) and a high-pressure air source (34); The inlet and outlet of the high-pressure gas source (34) are connected with an interface of the normally closed electromagnetic valve (30) through the air pipe (31), and the other interface of the normally closed electromagnetic valve (30) is connected with the air pipe (31) through the air pipe (31). The horizontal airway on the airway valve body (7) in the pneumatic regulating device is connected, and one end of the control valve (33) is connected with the high-pressure air source (34) through the air pipe (31). 5. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner cylinder (23) is a cylindrical structure with upper and lower ends open, and the inner cylinder (23) is composed of The main cylinder is composed of a small torus with a central angle less than or equal to 180 degrees. The small torus intersects with the main cylinder. The axes of rotation of the small torus and the main cylinder are parallel to each other. The heights of the main cylinders are equal, only a gap is set at the top of the airway valve body (7) of the small ring body, that is, the height of the small ring body in the inner cylinder (23) is less than that of the outer cylinder (15) The height of the small outer ring in the middle, the height difference between the two is the thickness of the upper end flange of the airway valve body (7); The inner cavity of the small torus communicates with the inner cavity of the main cylinder, the lower end of the small torus is a solid body and is integrated with the wall of the lower end of the main cylinder to form a complex, and the center of the complex is connected A channel deep blind hole of equal cross-section is provided along the axis of rotation of the small ring body. A circular boss is provided, the rotation axis of the circular boss and the small ring body are perpendicular to the rotation axis of the main cylinder, and the center of the circular boss is provided with the small ring body and the main circle along its axis. The through hole of the boss connected to the inner cavity of the cylinder, the inner wall of the through hole of the boss is provided with the No. 2 seal ring groove for installing the No. 2 seal ring (9), and the inner hole wall at the upper end of the main cylinder body of the inner cylinder (23) The inner thread for installing the limit block (13) and the top cover (10) is arranged on the top, and the bottom wall of the inner cylinder (23) is provided with a hole (28) in the radial direction, and the hole (28) is located at the inner cylinder (23). Below the position of the bottom valve assembly (26), the upper end of the inner cylinder (23), that is, the cylinder wall below the internal thread, is radially provided with a No. 1 small hole (14) and a No. 2 small hole (16 ). 6. According to the load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the outer cylinder (15) is a cylindrical structure with a bottom at the bottom, and the outer cylinder (15) and The structural shapes of the inner cylinder (23) are similar, but the structural dimension of the outer cylinder (15) is greater than the structural dimension of the inner cylinder (23), and the outer cylinder (15) is composed of an outer main cylinder body and a small outer cylinder with a central angle of less than or equal to 180 degrees. Composed of torus, the small outer torus intersects with the outer main cylinder, the rotation axes of the small outer torus and the outer main cylinder are parallel to each other, and the heights of the small outer torus and the outer main cylinder are equal , the inner cavity of the small outer torus communicates with the inner cavity of the outer main cylinder; the upper end of the small outer torus is provided with an outer circular boss, the axis of rotation of the outer circular boss and the small outer torus Vertically intersecting with the axis of rotation of the outer main cylinder, the center of the outer circular boss is provided with an outer boss through hole communicating with the small outer ring body and the inner cavity of the outer main cylinder along its axis, and the outer boss through The inner wall of the hole is provided with a No. 1 seal ring groove for installing the No. 1 seal ring (8), and the inner side of the small outer ring body in the outer cylinder (15) is provided with a small ring body for installation in the inner cylinder (23). The outer ring groove of the circular boss on the top, the axis of rotation of the outer ring groove and the axis of rotation of the through hole of the outer boss are collinear, and the axis of rotation of the outer main cylinder of the outer cylinder (15) and the inner cylinder The axis of revolution of the main cylinder of (23) is collinear, the axis of revolution of the small outer torus of urceolus (15) and the axis of revolution of the small torus of interior cylinder (23) are collinear, and urceolus (15) It is equal to the gap between the inner cylinder (23) and forms an oil storage cavity (27). 7. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, the airway valve body (7) consists of a vertically placed valve body main body, a horizontally placed airway convex The platform is composed of a valve body flange placed horizontally; The main body of the valve body is a straight-rod structure of equal cross-section surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces. The radius of the left cylindrical surface is equal to the inner radius of the small ring of the inner cylinder (23), and the radius of the right cylindrical surface The radius is equal to the radius of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder (23), and the center of the valve body body is provided with a long deep hole with an equal cross-section and the upper rod in the plunger (17) in the axial direction, that is, a vertical aisle; The cylindrical airway boss is installed horizontally on the left side of the valve body body, the airway boss and the valve body body are integrated, the rotation axis of the airway boss and the rotation axis of the valve body body are vertically intersected, At the center of the airway boss and along the horizontal direction, a cylindrical central hole, that is, a horizontal airway, is provided. The central hole on the airway boss, that is, a horizontal airway, communicates with the elongated hole on the main body of the valve body, that is, a vertical passageway; The valve body flange is a flat plate structure surrounded by two arc-shaped surfaces and two planes. The valve body flange is aligned with the top of the valve body body and connected into one body. The radius of the outer cylindrical surface of the outer arc surface and the small torus of the inner cylinder (23) is equal and coplanar, and the inner arc surface of the valve body flange and the main cylinder in the inner cylinder (23) are equal and coplanar. The radii are equal and co-planar, the two arc-shaped surfaces are opposite to each other, the centers of rotation of the two arc-shaped surfaces are on the same side, and a plane is set on both sides of the two opposite arc-shaped surfaces, and the two planes are parallel to each other and the two The center line of revolution of the arc surface is symmetrical and parallel. 8. The load-adaptive stroke-dependent variable damping shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the plunger (17) is composed of an upper rod, a middle rod and a lower rod; the structure of the upper rod and the lower rod Same, all are straight rods of equal cross-section, said equal cross-section is a strip section made up of two parallel straight lines with equal length and two symmetrically arranged arcs with equal structure; The cross-section of the vertical channel on the valve body (7) is identical to the cross-section of the channel deep blind hole on the composite body in the inner cylinder (23); The middle rod is a straight rod with equal cross-section, and the structural size of the middle rod is greater than that of the upper rod and the lower rod, that is, the upper rod, the lower rod and the two ends of the middle rod form a stepped end face, and the equal cross-section of the middle rod The shape of the structure is the same as the shape of the inner cavity cross section of the small torus in the inner cylinder (23), that is, the middle section rod is a straight rod structure of equal cross section surrounded by two cylindrical surfaces, and the left cylindrical surface is Radius and the cylindrical surface of the inner cylindrical surface radius of the small torus in the inner cylinder (23) are equal to the cylindrical surface, and the right cylindrical surface is facing the inner cavity of the main cylinder in the inner cylinder (23) and equal to the radius of the inner cavity of the main cylinder The cylindrical surface, the right cylindrical surface is a part of the cylindrical surface of the main cylinder body cavity in the inner cylinder (23); the upper and lower ends of the middle section rod are provided with No. 3 sealing rings (11) and No. 5 sealing rings (24 ) of the sealing ring groove; the right cylindrical surface of the middle rod is provided with a bypass groove (20) with a width of 1-3mm, a depth of 1-1.5mm and a length of 30-60mm, and the upper and lower sides of the bypass groove (20) The two ends are connected by a smooth transition of a cylindrical surface.