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CN107002784A - 用于商用车的盘式制动器 - Google Patents

用于商用车的盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN107002784A
CN107002784A CN201580063458.4A CN201580063458A CN107002784A CN 107002784 A CN107002784 A CN 107002784A CN 201580063458 A CN201580063458 A CN 201580063458A CN 107002784 A CN107002784 A CN 107002784A
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brake
sleeve
disc brake
disc
brake according
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CN107002784B (zh
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R·菲舍尔
R·基尔巴萨
P·巴林特
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/22655—Constructional details of guide pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/005—Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0068—Brake calipers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于商用车的盘式制动器，其具有抱持制动盘的制动钳(2)，该制动钳在位置固定的制动器支架(1)上能够相对所述制动盘轴向移动地保持在两个与制动器支架(1)连接的导杆(6)上，其中，所述导杆(6)分别在一个滑动轴承(8)内得到导引，所述滑动轴承不可移动地保持在制动钳(2)的孔(12)中；该盘式制动器构造为，使得其中至少一个滑动轴承(8)包括至少两个沿轴向方向彼此间隔开设置的且贴靠在导杆(6)上的金属套(9，10)和至少一个定位于金属套之间的定距套(11)。

Description

用于商用车的盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述的用于商用车的盘式制动器。
背景技术
在这种也以“滑动钳-盘式制动器”之术语概念为人所知的盘式制动器中，制动钳通过紧固元件连接在车辆侧的制动器支架上。
为此，导杆例如通过螺接与制动器支架相连接，所述导杆另一方面在制动钳的滑动轴承内得到导引，以使得针对于抗扭地保持在车轴上的制动盘而言，制动钳可以相对于位置固定的制动器支架沿轴向移动。
滑动轴承之一构造为具有小的滑动间隙的固定轴承，并且主要用于对制动钳轴向导引，其中轴承间隙保持尽可能地小。
另一滑动轴承则构成一个浮动轴承，并且由于功能条件之故而具有较大的轴承间隙，因为除了轴向导引之外还必须考虑公差补偿以及在受热条件下的膨胀。
使用金属套作为所述固定轴承的滑动轴承，该金属套不可移动地以摩擦锁合方式保持在制动钳的孔内。
在此，所述金属套由有色金属例如黄铜或青铜构成，或者由复合材料构成，其具有由钢板制成的外壳和由对于滑动轴承来说典型的有色金属制成的内壳(有色金属例如通过烧结与外壳相连接)，该内壳构成用于导杆的导引面。
为了实现持久的功能能力，此外还在滑动轴承的内面亦即导引面中加工出大量的小窝坑用以容纳润滑剂。
总而言之，滑动轴承只有通过很大的材料消耗和制造花费、伴随由此产生的高成本才可实现，这与不断追寻成本最小化的要求背道而驰。
发明内容
本发明的目的是进一步发展这种类型的盘式制动器，使其在功能可靠性未受限制的同时能够更加经济地制造。
此目的通过具有权利要求1特征的盘式制动器得以实现。
通过本发明，显著减少了滑动轴承的承担着相对于导杆的导引功能的材料份额，由此实现可观的费用节省，因为：如针对现有技术所说明的那样，为导引所备的材料的购置成本相当高。
根据本发明，所述至少两个金属套的宽度与制动钳的移动行程(即使在制动衬片磨损的情况下)这样地相匹配，即：甚至在制动钳相对于导杆最大移动的位置中也保证对导杆的充足导引。
为此，在同时优化材料使用的情况下，根据本发明的另一构思，规定：朝向制动器支架的金属套短于对置的、界定滑动轴承端部区域的金属套。
该金属套的尺寸按下述方式确定：如所述及的那样，制动钳即使在最大移动的情况下，也就是说在制动衬片发生完全的容许磨损时，依然保证制动钳在导杆上的充足导引。
保持两个金属套之间间距的定距套可以由一种比金属套价格更加便宜的材料制成。例如塑料适合于此，该塑料具备如此程度的固有刚性，而免于在轴向方向上的压缩。
因为定距套只须满足保持间距的任务，所以基本上不需要遵循任何直径公差，其中，定距套也可以相对于导杆有间隙地定位。
当然也存在着取代由合适的塑料而由金属制作定距套的可能性，例如，定距套由价格便宜的钢板或者作为管段制作。
在本发明的一种发展设计中，制动钳的接纳滑动轴承的孔构造为阶梯孔，其具有在朝向制动器支架的区域上较小的直径，其中，该区域在其深度方面大致与装入的较短金属套的长度相符，该较短金属套在其外径方面与孔的直径较小区域的净直径按下述方式相匹配，即产生压配合。
因此，对置的金属套在其外径方面更大，并且是大出这么多，而杜绝往直径较小的区域中插进。
借此保证滑动轴承在装配时总是正确地(也就是说在正确的一侧)被置入孔中，从而通过将较短金属套布置于即使在制动钳相对导杆的最大移动位置中也应确保导引的区域内，杜绝了功能故障。
总体上按照下述方式进行滑动轴承的装配，即：将两个金属套和定位于它们之间的定距套插套到一个导入工具(例如芯棒)上，然后借助该导入工具将滑动轴承插进孔中，较短金属套在最前面。
较短金属套在插进的终端位置中贴靠在所述孔的一个收窄部上，该收窄部总体上用作滑动轴承的止挡，其中，该金属套在其背离定距套的端侧上在外壳区域内具有环绕的入口斜面，优选其形式上为倒棱，从而可以顺畅地插进直径较小的孔中。
替代在较短金属套上作为导入辅助措施的所述倒棱，当然，也可以在台阶区域内相应地构造直径较小的孔。
不言而喻，参照固定轴承所说明的本发明也可以应用在其他的滑动轴承、浮动轴承当中，必要时对金属套和/或定距套作出相应的修改，以考虑那些相对于固定轴承来说不同的功能。
在从属权利要求中说明了本发明其他一些有益设计的特征。
附图说明
下文将参照附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
其示出：
图1为根据现有技术的盘式制动器的示意性俯视图；
图2和3分别为盘式制动器在不同运行位置中的按照图1中线II-II剖切的局部纵剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了根据现有技术的一种用于商用车的盘式制动器，该盘式制动器按基本结构具有制动钳2，该制动钳抱持制动盘3，该制动盘抗扭地紧固在商用车的一个未示出的轴上。
制动钳2相对制动盘3可轴向移动地设置在制动器支架1上。为此设置有两个紧固元件，所述紧固元件分别具有一个与制动器支架1固定连接的导杆6，该导杆借助螺栓7紧固在制动器支架1上(图2)。一个紧固元件构造为浮动轴承5，而另一紧固元件构造为固定轴承4，后者在图2和3中作为细部绘示出来。
为了对导杆6进行支承，也就是说，为了对制动钳2进行轴向导引，固定轴承4具有一个滑动轴承8，该滑动轴承根据本发明包括至少两个沿轴向方向彼此间隔开设置的金属套9、10和至少一个定位于金属套之间的定距套11，在该定距套的端侧上分别支撑着金属套9、10之一。在本例中，两个金属套9、10形成了滑动轴承8的相应端部区域。
金属套9、10包括一个形成外壳的优选由钢材制成的载体和一个紧固在其上的、形成内壳14的、由特别适合于滑动轴承功能的材料(特别是有色金属)制成的层。正如可以在图3中非常清楚地看到的那样，为使滑动摩擦最小化，在内壳14的朝向导杆6的那侧(导杆6支撑在该侧上)，设置有油脂小窝坑15用以储存润滑脂。
滑动轴承8插进制动钳1的孔12中并且在那里至少在金属套9、10的区域内以摩擦锁合方式不可移动地保持就位。
该孔12构造为阶梯孔，其具有一个直径较小的区段13，该区段接纳朝向制动器支架1的金属套10。
该金属套10在其外径方面和在其长度方面分别小于对置设置的第二金属套9，其中，孔12在该区域内通过一个以力锁合方式保持的盖子18而封闭。
作为定心和导入辅助措施，较短的亦即朝向制动器支架1的金属套10在背离定距套11的那侧在外边缘区域内具有倒棱16。
在该区域内，有一折囊17紧固在制动钳中，该折囊另一方面保持在导杆6上，并且该折囊在制动器支架1与制动钳2之间作为密封件覆盖住导杆6的相对于周围环境敞露的外周面。
图2示出制动钳2在导杆6上的一个位置，如其对于未使用的制动衬片所显示的那样；而图3则示出这样一个位置，在该位置中，制动衬片或其摩擦衬片已很大程度磨损，此时制动钳2于是(典型地针对滑动钳-盘式制动器来说)相对于制动器支架1有所前移。
在图3中可以清楚地看到，在该位置中较长金属套9也形成了用于导杆6的充足的导引面。

Claims (12)

1.用于商用车的盘式制动器，其具有抱持制动盘的制动钳(2)，该制动钳在位置固定的制动器支架(1)上能够相对所述制动盘轴向移动地保持在两个与制动器支架(1)连接的导杆(6)上，其中，所述导杆(6)分别在一个滑动轴承(8)内得到导引，所述滑动轴承不可移动地保持在制动钳(2)的孔(12)中，其特征在于：所述滑动轴承(8)中的至少一个滑动轴承包括至少两个沿轴向方向彼此间隔开设置的且贴靠在导杆(6)上的金属套(9，10)和至少一个定位于金属套之间的定距套(11)。
2.如权利要求1所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述定距套(11)由金属或塑料构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述定距套(11)由管段形成。
4.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述定距套(11)以小的间隙包围所述导杆(6)。
5.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述孔(12)构造为阶梯孔，该阶梯孔在设于孔(12)的朝向制动器支架(1)那侧的区段(13)内具有较小直径。
6.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：在所述区段(13)内受支承的金属套(10)短于对置的金属套(9)。
7.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：较长金属套(9)的外径大于所述具有较小直径之区段(13)的直径。
8.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述定距套(11)由在轴向方向上形状稳定的材料构成。
9.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：所述金属套(9，10)在端侧贴靠在所述定距套(11)上。
10.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：短的金属套(10)的长度大致与所述具有较小直径之区段(13)的深度相符。
11.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：较短金属套(10)在其朝向制动器支架(1)的那侧在外边缘区域内设置有倒棱(16)。
12.如前述权利要求之任一项所述的盘式制动器，其特征在于：较长金属套(9)设置在所述孔(12)的背离制动器支架(1)的端部区域内，该较长金属套在任一运行位置中均至少局部地以滑动接触部覆盖导杆(6)。
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