CN106991233A - A kind of analysis method of prestressed concrete beam bridge load effect - Google Patents
A kind of analysis method of prestressed concrete beam bridge load effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法,包括:基于待分析桥的实际交通量,等效归类获得其等效疲劳荷载谱;基于待分析桥的疲劳荷载谱,获得其主拉应力响应最不利位置处的应力时程;基于待分析桥的主拉应力时程,提取获得其实桥应力循环数据。本发明所提供预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法,基于待分析桥的实测车流数据,利用数据模拟的方法,获得待分析桥的应力循环数据,与现有技术相比,理论科学,分析结果科学可靠,适用性强,具有系统性和一般性,实际工程意义重要。
The invention discloses a method for analyzing the load effect of a prestressed concrete girder bridge. Its main tensile stress responds to the stress time history at the most unfavorable position; based on the main tensile stress time history of the bridge to be analyzed, the actual bridge stress cycle data is extracted. The analysis method of the load effect of the prestressed concrete girder bridge provided by the present invention is based on the measured traffic flow data of the bridge to be analyzed, and uses the data simulation method to obtain the stress cycle data of the bridge to be analyzed. Compared with the prior art, it is theoretically scientific and easy to analyze. The results are scientific and reliable, have strong applicability, are systematic and general, and have important practical engineering significance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及桥梁荷载分析技术领域,更具体的,涉及一种预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法。The invention relates to the technical field of bridge load analysis, and more specifically, relates to a method for analyzing the load effect of a prestressed concrete girder bridge.
背景技术Background technique
桥梁荷载效应的研究分析是一个关系到桥梁安全运行的重要课题,目前英国、美国、日本、欧盟等国家已经进行了大量的研究工作,在各自的桥梁设计规范中都给出了相应的疲劳设计荷载谱或疲劳车辆模型,其中英国的规范疲劳荷载谱研究最为全面,其制定方法也被很多国家效仿。The research and analysis of bridge load effects is an important topic related to the safe operation of bridges. At present, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, the European Union and other countries have carried out a lot of research work, and have given corresponding fatigue design in their respective bridge design codes. Load spectrum or fatigue vehicle model, among which the research on the fatigue load spectrum of the British code is the most comprehensive, and its formulation method has also been emulated by many countries.
相对于其他国家而言,我国公路桥梁疲劳规范的研究分析相对滞后,导致当前的公路桥梁疲劳设计大多参照国际规范或者采用静力强度设计时标准活载中的1辆重车。然而,疲劳设计的宗旨是以桥梁实际运营的车辆荷载为基准,参照国际规范或采用标准活载中的1辆重车引起的设计偏差不可忽视。Compared with other countries, the research and analysis of highway bridge fatigue codes in my country is relatively lagging behind, resulting in the current fatigue design of highway bridges mostly referring to international codes or using a heavy vehicle in the standard live load in static strength design. However, the purpose of fatigue design is to take the actual operating vehicle load of the bridge as the benchmark, and the design deviation caused by referring to international codes or using one heavy vehicle in the standard live load cannot be ignored.
目前,国内众多学者对适用于中国的桥梁疲劳荷载谱开展了大量研究,总结了很多宝贵经验,但由于各桥梁所处的交通线位置和桥梁结构的不同,各计算分析方法的适用范围相对较小;而在实际的桥梁设计、管理和运营工作中,常常需要准确计算不同车型对不同结构类型的预应力混凝土梁桥的荷载效应,但目前国内对这方面的研究多缺乏系统性和一般性。At present, many domestic scholars have carried out a lot of research on the fatigue load spectrum of bridges applicable to China, and summarized a lot of valuable experience. However, in the actual bridge design, management and operation, it is often necessary to accurately calculate the load effect of different vehicle types on prestressed concrete beam bridges of different structures, but the current domestic research on this aspect is mostly lacking in systematicness and generality .
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服现有技术存在的以上缺陷,本发明提供一种预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法,该方法可准确分析计算不同车型对不同结构类型的预应力混凝土梁桥的荷载效应。In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for analyzing the load effect of prestressed concrete girder bridges, which can accurately analyze and calculate the load effects of different vehicle types on prestressed concrete girder bridges of different structures.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法,包括以下步骤:A method for analyzing the load effect of a prestressed concrete girder bridge, comprising the following steps:
S1、基于待分析桥的实际交通量,等效归类获得其等效疲劳荷载谱;S1. Based on the actual traffic volume of the bridge to be analyzed, the equivalent fatigue load spectrum is obtained by equivalent classification;
S2、基于待分析桥的疲劳荷载谱,获得其主拉应力响应最不利位置处的应力时程;S2. Based on the fatigue load spectrum of the bridge to be analyzed, the stress time history at the most unfavorable position of the main tensile stress response is obtained;
S3、基于待分析桥的主拉应力时程,提取获得其实桥应力循环数据。S3. Based on the time history of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed, extract and obtain the actual bridge stress cycle data.
在上述技术方案中,步骤S1中,所述获得等效疲劳荷载谱所采用的依据为美国AASHTO规范。In the above technical solution, in step S1, the basis for obtaining the equivalent fatigue load spectrum is the American AASHTO code.
进一步的,在上述技术方案中,步骤S1中,所述等效归类获得其等效疲劳荷载谱包括:Further, in the above technical solution, in step S1, said equivalent classification to obtain its equivalent fatigue load spectrum includes:
S11、利用动态称重系统统计待分析桥的车流参数;S11, using the dynamic weighing system to count the traffic flow parameters of the bridge to be analyzed;
S12、按照轴数将通过待分析桥上的车辆划分,并将其归类为5类模型车辆;S12. Divide the vehicles on the bridge to be analyzed according to the number of axles, and classify them into five types of model vehicles;
S13、依据归入各模型车辆内的实际车辆的数量和车流参数,按照等效轴重的方式,计算各模型车辆的等效轴重和等效轴距,获得其等效疲劳荷载谱。S13. Calculate the equivalent axle load and equivalent wheelbase of each model vehicle according to the number of actual vehicles included in each model vehicle and the traffic flow parameters in the manner of equivalent axle load, and obtain its equivalent fatigue load spectrum.
在上述技术方案中,步骤S2中,所述获得待分析桥主拉应力响应最不利位置处的应力时程包括:In the above technical solution, in step S2, said obtaining the stress time history at the most unfavorable position of the main tensile stress response of the bridge to be analyzed includes:
S21、基于待分析桥的设计施工图纸,建立其实桥有限元模型;S21. Based on the design and construction drawings of the bridge to be analyzed, a finite element model of the actual bridge is established;
S22、基于实桥有限元模型,确定其主拉应力响应最不利位置点;S22. Based on the finite element model of the real bridge, determine the most unfavorable position point of its main tensile stress response;
S23、获取最不利位置点的主拉应力时程,分析最不利位置点的应力状态,获得最不利位置点正应力与剪应力的比值时程。S23. Obtain the time history of the principal tensile stress at the most unfavorable point, analyze the stress state at the most unfavorable point, and obtain the time history of the ratio of normal stress to shear stress at the most unfavorable point.
进一步的,在上述技术方案中,步骤S22中,利用时程分析方法建立模拟车载轮重作用下的实桥有限元模型,获得待分析桥主拉应力响应最不利位置点。Further, in the above technical solution, in step S22, a time-history analysis method is used to establish a finite element model of the real bridge under the action of simulated vehicle wheel weight, and obtain the most unfavorable position point of the main tensile stress response of the bridge to be analyzed.
在上述技术方案中,步骤S3中,利用雨流计数法提取待分析桥的主拉应力时程应力循环,获得其实桥应力循环数据。In the above technical solution, in step S3, the time-history stress cycle of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed is extracted by using the rainflow counting method to obtain the stress cycle data of the actual bridge.
进一步的,在上述技术方案中,步骤S3中,所述提取待分析桥的主拉应力时程应力循环包括采用Matlab程序实现数据压缩和循环提取,获得其实桥应力循环数据。Further, in the above technical solution, in step S3, the extracting the time-history stress cycle of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed includes using Matlab program to realize data compression and cycle extraction to obtain actual bridge stress cycle data.
本发明的优点:本发明所提供预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法,基于待分析桥的实测车流数据,利用数据模拟的方法,获得待分析桥的应力循环数据,理论科学,分析结果科学可靠,适用性强,具有重要的工程意义。The advantages of the present invention: the analysis method of the load effect of the prestressed concrete girder bridge provided by the present invention is based on the measured traffic flow data of the bridge to be analyzed, and uses the method of data simulation to obtain the stress cycle data of the bridge to be analyzed, which is scientific in theory and scientific in analysis results It is reliable, has strong applicability, and has important engineering significance.
除了上面所描述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成的技术方案的技术特征以及有这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点之外,本发明的其他技术特征及这些技术特征带来的优点,将结合附图作出进一步说明。In addition to the above-described technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical features of the formed technical solutions and the advantages brought by the technical features of these technical solutions, other technical features of the present invention and the advantages brought by these technical features, Further description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中的预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法的流程示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the analysis method of the prestressed concrete girder bridge load effect in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中厦门至成都国家高速公路毕节至生机段观音岩1号大桥左幅第2联(B1桥)的实桥有限元模型图;Fig. 2 is the real bridge finite element model diagram of the second connection (B1 bridge) of the left side of the Guanyinyan No. 1 bridge of Xiamen to Chengdu National Expressway Bijie to Shengji section in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中B1桥在M5时程工况下的主拉应力包络图;Fig. 3 is the principal tensile stress envelope diagram of the B1 bridge under the M5 time history working condition in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中B1桥在成桥工况叠加M5时程工况下的主拉应力包络图;Fig. 4 is the principal tensile stress envelope diagram of the B1 bridge in the embodiment of the present invention under the superposition of the M5 time-history working condition in the completed bridge working condition;
图5为本发明实施例中B1桥主拉应力时程分析点在截面分析位置示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the time-history analysis point of the main tensile stress of the B1 bridge in the embodiment of the present invention at the section analysis position;
图6为本发明实施例中B1桥6号位置点在不同模型车辆下的主拉应力时程曲线图;Fig. 6 is the main tensile stress time-history graph of the No. 6 position point of the B1 bridge under different model vehicles in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中B1桥6号位置点在不同模型车辆下主拉应力对应的正应力与剪应力比值时程曲线图;Fig. 7 is the time-course graph of the normal stress and the shear stress ratio corresponding to the main tensile stress of the No. 6 position point of the B1 bridge under different model vehicles in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中B1桥6号位置点在M5车型下的应力循环图。Fig. 8 is a stress cycle diagram of the No. 6 position point of the B1 bridge under the M5 vehicle model in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本实施例提供了一种预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法。This embodiment provides a method for analyzing the load effect of a prestressed concrete girder bridge.
如图1所示,本发明实施例中的预应力混凝土梁桥荷载效应的分析方法主要包括如下所述的步骤:As shown in Figure 1, the analysis method of the prestressed concrete beam bridge load effect in the embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises the steps as follows:
S1、基于待分析桥的实际交通量,等效归类获得其等效疲劳荷载谱。S1. Based on the actual traffic volume of the bridge to be analyzed, the equivalent fatigue load spectrum is obtained by equivalent classification.
在本发明实施例的技术方案中,利用动态称重系统统计待分析桥的车流参数,将通过待分析桥的车辆按轴重和轴数的特征初步划分为V1~V12共12类,随后,再将车流调查统计结果按轴数归类为模型车辆A1~A5共5类,依据归入各模型车辆内的实际车辆的数量和车流参数,按照等效轴重的方式,基于美国AASHTO规范,计算各模型车辆的等效轴重和等效轴距,获得其等效疲劳荷载谱。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic weighing system is used to count the traffic flow parameters of the bridge to be analyzed, and the vehicles passing the bridge to be analyzed are preliminarily divided into 12 categories V1-V12 according to the characteristics of axle load and axle number, and then, Then, the traffic flow survey and statistical results are classified into 5 types of model vehicles A1~A5 according to the number of axles. According to the number of actual vehicles and traffic flow parameters classified into each model vehicle, the equivalent axle load is used, based on the American AASHTO specification. Calculate the equivalent axle load and equivalent wheelbase of each model vehicle to obtain its equivalent fatigue load spectrum.
S2、基于待分析桥的疲劳荷载谱,获得其主拉应力响应最不利位置处的应力时程。S2. Based on the fatigue load spectrum of the bridge to be analyzed, the stress time history at the most unfavorable position of the main tensile stress response is obtained.
在本发明实施例的技术方案中,按照待分析桥的设计施工图纸,模拟施工过程建立实桥有限元模型;利用时程分析方法模拟车载轮重作用有限元桥梁模型,得到桥梁主拉应力响应最不利位置点;获取最不利位置处的主拉应力时程,对最不利位置处应力状态进行分析,进一步获得该位置处的正应力与剪应力比值时程。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, according to the design and construction drawings of the bridge to be analyzed, the construction process is simulated to establish the finite element model of the real bridge; the time history analysis method is used to simulate the finite element bridge model of the vehicle wheel load, and the main tensile stress response of the bridge is obtained The most unfavorable position point: obtain the time history of the main tensile stress at the most unfavorable position, analyze the stress state at the most unfavorable position, and further obtain the time history of the ratio of normal stress to shear stress at this position.
S3、基于待分析桥的主拉应力时程,提取获得其实桥应力循环数据。S3. Based on the time history of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed, extract and obtain the actual bridge stress cycle data.
在本发明实施例的技术方案中,基于雨流计数法原理,采用Matlab程序提取待分析桥的主拉应力时程应力循环,获得其实桥应力循环数据。In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, based on the principle of the rainflow counting method, the Matlab program is used to extract the time-history stress cycle of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed to obtain the actual bridge stress cycle data.
例如,具体的,根据厦门至成都国家高速公路的实际交通量,分析计算获得该高速公路上毕节至生机段观音岩1号大桥左幅第2联的应力循环数据。For example, specifically, according to the actual traffic volume of the Xiamen-Chengdu National Expressway, the stress cycle data of the second link on the left side of the Guanyinyan No. 1 Bridge on the Bijie-Shengji section of the expressway is obtained through analysis and calculation.
步骤一,基于待分析桥的实际交通量,等效归类获得其等效疲劳荷载谱。Step 1: Based on the actual traffic volume of the bridge to be analyzed, the equivalent fatigue load spectrum is obtained by equivalent classification.
该高速公路的实际交通量的调查数据如下表1所示。The survey data of the actual traffic volume of the expressway is shown in Table 1 below.
表1 某高速公路的年实际交通量调查表Table 1 Annual actual traffic volume survey of a certain expressway
将车流调查统计结果按轴数归类为模型车辆A1~A5共5类,结果如下表2所示。According to the number of axles, the traffic flow survey and statistics results are classified into 5 types of model vehicles A1~A5, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
表2 年实际交通量的模型车辆归类结果表Table 2 Model vehicle classification results of actual traffic volume in a year
等效轴重的计算是依据线性累积损伤理论和疲劳损伤等效原则,将n个不同轴重Wi分别作用一次等效至某个轴重Weq反复作用n次,使两者造成结构疲劳累积损伤一致,Weq即为等效轴重,其等效表达式参考美国AASHTO规范可表述为下式:The calculation of the equivalent axle load is based on the linear cumulative damage theory and the principle of fatigue damage equivalence. N different axle loads W i are applied once to be equivalent to a certain axle load W eq repeated n times, so that the two can form a structural Fatigue cumulative damage is consistent, W eq is the equivalent axle load, and its equivalent expression can be expressed as the following formula with reference to the American AASHTO specification:
式中,fi为相同车型里第i种车辆所占的比例,Wij为实际车辆中第i种车辆的第j根轴的轴重,Weq为此模型车中第j根轴所计算出的等效轴重。In the formula, f i is the proportion of the i-th vehicle in the same model, W ij is the axle load of the j-th axle of the i-th vehicle in the actual vehicle, and W eq is calculated by the j-th axle in the model car the equivalent axle load.
模型车等效轴距的计算将归入同一模型车的各实际车辆的轴距取加权平均来获得此模型车的各等效轴距,其计算公式可表述为下式:The calculation of the equivalent wheelbase of a model car takes the weighted average of the wheelbases of the actual vehicles belonging to the same model car to obtain the equivalent wheelbase of the model car. The calculation formula can be expressed as the following formula:
Aj=∑fiAij A j =∑f i A ij
式中,Aj为模型车的第j个轴距,Aij为归入同一模型中的第i辆车的第j个轴距。In the formula, A j is the j-th wheelbase of the model car, and A ij is the j-th wheelbase of the i-th car included in the same model.
计算获得各模型车辆的等效轴重和等效轴距,结果如下表3所示。Calculate the equivalent axle load and equivalent wheelbase of each model vehicle, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
表3 等效轴重和等效轴距的计算结果表Table 3 Calculation results of equivalent axle load and equivalent wheelbase
为了简化模型车辆的荷载参数以及应用方便,最终的荷载频值谱将等效轴重取5kN的倍数,平均轴距取0.5m的倍数,如下表4所示:In order to simplify the load parameters of the model vehicle and facilitate the application, the final load frequency spectrum will take the equivalent axle load in multiples of 5kN, and the average wheelbase in multiples of 0.5m, as shown in Table 4 below:
表4 高速公路混凝土梁桥的荷载频值谱(取整)Table 4 Load frequency spectrum of expressway concrete girder bridge (rounded)
步骤二,基于待分析桥的疲劳荷载谱,获得其主拉应力响应最不利位置处的应力时程。Step 2. Based on the fatigue load spectrum of the bridge to be analyzed, the stress time history at the most unfavorable position of the main tensile stress response is obtained.
建立厦门至成都国家高速公路毕节至生机段观音岩1号大桥左幅第2联的有限元模型,模型的结构尺寸、混凝土等级、普通钢筋及预应力钢筋等各项指标均按照设计图纸设置,施工工艺为先简支后转连续,桥梁为全预应力结构,最不利荷载组合时主梁跨中上、下缘及支点上缘不出现拉应力,桥梁横向按照刚接梁法计算。为使模型结构的成桥状态与实际成桥状态更加吻合,采用生死单元及边界的形式对桥梁的施工全过程进行模拟。Establish the finite element model of the second section of the left section of the Guanyinyan No. 1 Bridge on the Bijie-Shengji section of the Xiamen-Chengdu National Expressway. The structural dimensions, concrete grades, ordinary steel bars and prestressed steel bars of the model are all set according to the design drawings. The construction technology is simply supported first and then turned continuously. The bridge is a fully prestressed structure. When the most unfavorable load combination occurs, there is no tensile stress at the upper and lower edges of the main girder span and the upper edge of the fulcrum. The transverse direction of the bridge is calculated according to the rigidly connected beam method. In order to make the bridge completion state of the model structure more consistent with the actual bridge completion state, the whole process of bridge construction is simulated in the form of life and death elements and boundaries.
建模的部分指标见下表5和表6所示。Some indicators of the modeling are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 below.
表5 桥梁的技术指标Table 5 Technical indicators of the bridge
表6 桥梁上部结构设计值Table 6 Design values of bridge superstructure
该桥梁的实桥有限元模型如图2所示。The real bridge finite element model of the bridge is shown in Figure 2.
B1桥为4×40米连续梁桥,通过模型计算结果可知,在M5时程动力荷载工况下,在边梁1及4跨的跨中附近截面产生的主拉应力最大,如图3所示,最大值为2.70MPa,主拉应力主要由时程荷载弯曲正应力贡献。叠加成桥工况以后,由于预应力筋预加力的作用,跨中位置主拉应力并不明显,如图4所示,而墩顶截面在弯剪作用状态下有最大主拉应力,最大值为1.09MPa。因此,以墩顶截面上主拉应力变化最大的位置点作为时程分析的计算位置点。The B1 bridge is a 4×40m continuous girder bridge. According to the calculation results of the model, under the M5 time-history dynamic load condition, the principal tensile stress generated in the section near the mid-span of the 1st and 4th spans of the side beams is the largest, as shown in Figure 3 It is shown that the maximum value is 2.70MPa, and the main tensile stress is mainly contributed by the bending normal stress of time-history loading. After superimposing the bridge working conditions, due to the effect of the prestressed tendons, the principal tensile stress at the mid-span position is not obvious, as shown in Figure 4, while the pier top section has the maximum principal The value is 1.09MPa. Therefore, the position point where the principal tensile stress changes the most on the pier top section is taken as the calculation position point of the time history analysis.
进一步精确找出最大主拉应力位置在1、2跨的墩顶处31号单元J端6号位置处,如图5所示。Further accurately find out that the maximum principal tensile stress position is at the No. 6 position at the J end of Unit 31 at the pier tops of spans 1 and 2, as shown in Figure 5.
以6号位置为目标点,计算出此位置点的不同模型车辆下的主拉应力时程,计算结果如图6所示,图中M5曲线的主拉应力最大值与上包络图中的最大主拉应力值1.09MPa十分接近。通过对剪应力计算可知,在时程车辆荷载作用下产生的扭转剪应力要大于剪切的剪应力。Taking position No. 6 as the target point, the time histories of principal tensile stress under different model vehicles at this position are calculated. The calculation results are shown in Figure 6. The maximum value of the principal tensile stress of the M5 curve in the figure is consistent with The maximum principal tensile stress value of 1.09MPa is very close. Through the calculation of the shear stress, it can be seen that the torsional shear stress generated under the action of the time-history vehicle load is greater than the shear shear stress.
如图7所示为6号位置计算主拉应力对应的成桥工况与时程荷载工况叠加后的正应力与剪应力的比值时程曲线,从曲线中可知,在成桥状态下,计算6号位置处的正应力与剪应力的比值在1.6左右,车辆经过时,比值发生变化,在M5车型作用时,正应力与剪应力比值最小为0.4左右。As shown in Figure 7, the time-history curve of the ratio of normal stress to shear stress after the superposition of the completed bridge condition and the time-history load condition corresponding to the calculation of the main tensile stress at position No. The calculated ratio of normal stress to shear stress at position No. 6 is about 1.6. When the vehicle passes by, the ratio changes. When the M5 model acts, the ratio of normal stress to shear stress is at least about 0.4.
步骤三,基于待分析桥的主拉应力时程,提取获得其实桥应力循环数据。Step 3: Based on the time history of the main tensile stress of the bridge to be analyzed, extract and obtain the actual bridge stress cycle data.
结构或构件的疲劳应力历程必须要提取为一个个应力循环,这是车载作用下桥梁疲劳累积损伤计算和可靠度分析的一个必要环节。MATLAB工具箱中实现雨流计数一般是先利用谷峰法实现数据压缩,然后进行循环数提取。谷峰法的实质是三点比较提取应力曲线的波峰和波谷。提取的步骤是:首先从原始的应力时程曲线中依次读取应力数据,然后按顺序比较应力值的大小,若某个值为极大值或者极小值,则保留这个应力值,并删除其他数据,最后将所有保留的数据依次连接起来,得到简化后新的应力时程曲线。The fatigue stress history of structures or components must be extracted as stress cycles, which is a necessary link in the fatigue cumulative damage calculation and reliability analysis of bridges under vehicle load. In the MATLAB toolbox, rainflow counting is generally achieved by using the valley-peak method to achieve data compression, and then extracting the cycle number. The essence of the valley-peak method is to extract the peak and valley of the stress curve by comparing three points. The extraction steps are: first read the stress data sequentially from the original stress-time history curve, and then compare the stress values in sequence. If a certain value is a maximum or minimum value, keep this stress value and delete Other data, and finally connect all the retained data in turn to obtain a new simplified stress-time history curve.
由雨流计数法处理每条主拉应力时程曲线后得到的结果是一系列不同均值及幅值的全循环或半循环。以M5模型车辆为例,其计数条方图如图8所示。The result obtained after processing each principal tensile stress time-history curve by the rainflow counting method is a series of full cycles or half cycles with different mean values and amplitudes. Taking the M5 model vehicle as an example, its count bar diagram is shown in Figure 8.
每一条主拉应力时程曲线可以转化成为一系列不同均值及幅值全循环或半循环,但是实际计算过程中,将所有全循环与半循环按照幅值大小从大到小的顺序排列以后,排在后面所有循环的幅值都很小,对于疲劳损伤的贡献十分微弱,一般可取前3个循环的值用于损伤计算。为了保证计算的精确性,本文取用前5个全循环或半循环用于后文的计算研究,处理结果如表7所示。Each time-history curve of principal tensile stress can be converted into a series of different mean and amplitude full cycles or half cycles, but in the actual calculation process, after all the full cycles and half cycles are arranged in order of magnitude from large to small, The amplitudes of all the subsequent cycles are very small, and their contribution to fatigue damage is very weak. Generally, the values of the first three cycles can be used for damage calculation. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculation, the first five full cycles or half cycles are used in the following calculation research in this paper, and the processing results are shown in Table 7.
表7 雨流计数处理后前5个应力循环汇总表Table 7 Summary of the first five stress cycles after rainflow counting
注:文中的幅值为应力幅均值为平均应力smax、smin分别代表每个全循环或半循环中的最大应力和最小应力;循环一列0.5代表半循环,1代表全循环。Note: The amplitude in the text is the stress amplitude mean stress s max and s min represent the maximum stress and minimum stress in each full cycle or half cycle respectively; 0.5 in the column of cycle represents a half cycle, and 1 represents a full cycle.
最后,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施方案,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, the above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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