CN106971801A - 一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方及其加工方法 - Google Patents
一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方及其加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 neodymium metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方及其加工方法，其特征在于配方的质量百分比组成为：Pr，5%‑7%；Nd，21%‑23%；La，4%‑6%；B，0.9%‑1.4%；Co，0.2%‑0.5%；Al，0.1%‑0.6%；Cu，0.1%‑0.15%；余量为Fe；其加工步骤如下：①按照质量百分比组成称量并混匀各个组分；②在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；③在氢碎炉中氢破成1‑200μm的颗粒；④在气流磨中破碎成0‑15μm的颗粒；⑤进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；⑥进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460‑560℃二级回火；按上述配方和加工方法，每吨磁性材料可以节约原材料成本大约14%，优化了材料组成，降低了生产成本，提高了钕铁硼材料的性价比和实用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料技术领域，具体公开了一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方及其加工方法。
背景技术
稀土永磁材料是稀土金属和过渡族金属经特定工艺制作而成的永磁材料。由于其具有极高的磁能积和矫顽力，以及很高的能量密度，稀土永磁材料已在机械、电子、仪表和医疗等领域获得了广泛应用。然而，由于常规钕铁硼磁性材料中含有超过30%左右质量份数的镨钕稀有元素，造成这种材料的成本居高不下，大大限制了钕铁硼磁性材料的应用范围。为解决这个问题，磁材厂家采用替代元素开发出了各种各样的替代品，但是，目前公开的替代材料要么片面的降低贵重稀有元素的含量，造成产品质量达不到要求，要么在降低镨钕含量的同时又引入了其他的贵重金属组分，成本控制效果仍不理想。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的主要任务是提供一种磁性能优异且成本相对低廉的新型钕铁硼材料配方及其加工方法，以降低现有钕铁硼材料的生产成本，提高现有钕铁硼材料的实用性和性价比。
本发明为解决其技术问题而提供的技术方案为：
一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，21%-23%；La，4%-6%；
B，0.9%-1.4%；Co，0.2%-0.5%；Al，0.1%-0.6%；Cu，0.1%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，6%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.4%；Cu，0.1%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%；Nd，21%；La，6%；
B，1.4%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.6%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，7%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选地，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，6%；Nd，23%；La，4%；
B，0.9%；Co，0.2%；Al，0.1%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
另一方面，本发明提供的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方的加工方法包括如下加工步骤：
按照上述任一技术方案所记载的质量百分比组成称量并混匀各个组分；
在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；
在氢碎炉中氢破成1-200μm的颗粒；
在气流磨中破碎成0-15μm的颗粒；
进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；
进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460-560℃二级回火。
优选地，本发明提供的含铈钕铁硼永磁材料制作工艺中步骤-步骤中所使用的设备依次为：
600kg真空速凝炉、1t的氢碎炉、400型气流磨、25吨成型压机及500公斤烧结炉。
本发明相比现有技术有益的技术效果：
1、目前镧金属、镨金属和钕金属的市价分别为2.95万元/吨、31.75万元/吨和31.85万元/吨。通过添加价格较低的镧金属组分和微量的钴铝铜元素，可以将现有钕铁硼磁性材料中镨钕金属的质量百分比含量降低至28%左右，生产每吨磁性材料节约原材料成本约为14%。
2、通过增加镧元素和铜铝钴金属，优化了材料组成，新材料的各项指标均能达到N45等级国家标准。
为使本发明的发明目的、技术方案及技术效果更加清楚、明确，以下结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明公开的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方及其制作工艺做详细说明。
附图说明
图1：按优选实施例一中配方制作的磁性材料的退磁曲线。
图2：按优选实施例一中配方制作的磁性材料的磁滞回线。
图3：按优选实施例一中配方制作的磁性材料的温度特性线。
图4：按优选实施例一中配方制作的磁性材料的高温退磁曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下的质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，21%-23%；La，4%-6%；
B，0.9%-1.4%；Co，0.2%-0.5%；Al，0.1%-0.6%；Cu，0.1%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例一质量百分比配方：
Pr，6%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.4%；Cu，0.1%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例二质量百分比配方：
Pr，5%；Nd，21%；La，6%；
B，1.4%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.6%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例三质量百分比配方：
Pr，7%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
优选实施例四质量百分比配方：
Pr，6%；Nd，23%；La，4%；
B，0.9%；Co，0.2%；Al，0.1%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
以优选实施例一为例，本发明按照如下工艺步骤将各种组分烧制成钕铁硼磁性材料：
按照优选实施例一中公开的质量百分比组成称量并混匀各个组分；
在600公斤真空速凝炉里熔炼，并浇注成厚度小于0.6mm的金属薄片；
在1t的氢碎炉中氢破成1-200微米的颗粒；
在400型气流磨中破碎成0-15微米的颗粒；
进25吨成型压机，在2.0T的磁场下成型，200吨压力下等静压；
进500公斤烧结炉，在1070℃下烧结，900℃一级回火，460-560℃二级回火；
使用AMT-4永磁特性测试仪测试磁体的性能。
在钕铁硼材料中加入钴铝铜组分，不但可以有效提高材料的矫顽力，改善材料的耐腐蚀性能和居里温度，同时还可以改善钕铁硼材料的抗弯强度、抗冲击韧性等力学性能。请参阅图1-图4及表1，图1和图4为按照优选实施例一中配方制作的磁性材料的磁性能测试曲线，表1为按照优选实施例一至优选实施例四中各配方制作的磁性材料的磁性能指标，由图表可知，按照本发明提供的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方制作的磁性材料的各项性能均能达到国家标准N45等级的质量要求。
表格 本发明各种优选实施例中测得的磁性能指标
以上结合说明书附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了详细阐述，应该说明的是，本发明的保护范围包括但不限于上述实施例；说明书附图中公开的具体结构也只是本发明的较佳实施例，所述领域的技术人员还可以在此基础上开发出其他实施例，任何不脱离本发明创新理念的简单变形或等同替换，均涵盖于本发明，属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%-7%；Nd，21%-23%；La，4%-6%；
B，0.9%-1.4%；Co，0.2%-0.5%；Al，0.1%-0.6%；Cu，0.1%-0.15%；
余量为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，6%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.1%；
余量为Fe。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方具有如下质量百分比组成：
Pr，5%；Nd，21%；La，6%；
B，1.4%；Co，0.5%；Al，0.3%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，7%；Nd，22%；La，5%；
B，1%；Co，0.3%；Al，0.4%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
5.根据权利要求1所述的加La做N45的钕铁硼配方，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼配方的质量百分比组成为：
Pr，6%；Nd，23%；La，4%；
B，0.9%；Co，0.2%；Al，0.5%；Cu，0.15%；
余量为Fe。
6.一种加La做N45的钕铁硼的加工方法，其特征在于，该加La做N45的钕铁硼加工方法包括如下加工步骤：
按照权利要求1-5中任一项权利要求所记载的质量百分比组成称量并混匀各个组分；
在真空速凝炉里熔炼，浇注成厚度为d的金属薄片，d满足0＜d≤0.6mm；
在氢碎炉中氢破成1-200μm的颗粒；
在气流磨中破碎成0-15μm的颗粒；
进成型压机，在2.0T磁场下成型，200t压力下等静压；
进烧结炉，1070℃烧结，900℃一级回火，460-560℃二级回火。
7.根据权利要求5所述的含铈钕铁硼永磁材料的加工方法，其特征在于，所述步骤-步骤中所使用的设备依次为：
600kg真空速凝炉、1t的氢碎炉、400型气流磨、25吨成型压机及500公斤烧结炉。
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