CN1069379C - 空气蓄积器式涡轮机 - Google Patents
空气蓄积器式涡轮机 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
- F01K21/047—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas having at least one combustion gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/211—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by intercooling, e.g. during a compression cycle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
空气蓄积器式涡轮机主要包括一个可分离的气轮机组、压缩空气蓄积器(5)、热水蓄积器(10)和连在燃气轮机组下游的余热蒸汽产生器(25),在此涡轮机中,来自余热蒸汽产生器(25)的一些蒸汽被导入涡轮机组,用来增加输出功率。另外,各台中间冷却器(2a,2b)和热交换器与燃气轮机组的压缩单元(1)共同产生热水。这些热水被导入分压蒸发器(11)中。由此得到的大量蒸汽被混入压缩的工作空气中,工作空气被用作燃烧空气(13),以使气轮机组运行。
Description
本发明涉及一种空气蓄积器式涡轮机,这种涡轮机主要由可分离的燃气轮机组、一台压缩空气蓄积器、一台热水蓄积器、和一台废热蒸汽产生器构成。本发明还涉及这种涡轮机的运行方法。
所说的空气蓄积器式涡轮机是众所周知的,其中,作为马达使用的发电机所驱动的压缩机填充压缩空气蓄积器,并且,靠这种方法,在弱电流期间间接地存贮电能。大负荷运行期间,贮存的压缩空气被燃料加热,在涡轮机中膨胀,其中,以这种方式得到的功率被完全并到电网上。另外,这种空气蓄积器式涡轮机能够被连接在其下游的蒸汽循环设备加以补充。
另外,人们还知道,在空气压缩机和涡轮机开动并同时运行时,这种空气蓄积器式涡轮机能够作为纯燃气轮机来运行。另外还可以把压缩空气蓄积器作为可调功率来接通。
在设备为满足峰值需求主要以蓄积器方式运行时,输出功率的最大潜力末得到发挥。这对设备的经济效益具有不利的影向。
本发明试图采取补救措施。本发明的目的是:利用一种空气蓄积器式涡轮机及一种运行上述那种空气蓄积器式涡轮机的方法,使功率和效率达到最大值。
本发明通过将涡轮机废气的余热以及压缩机组中的中间冷却器中的余热回收利用来实现这个目标。
在燃气轮机组下游的蒸汽产生器中,至少有一压力级产生蒸汽。这些蒸汽尽可能在燃料燃烧之前或在燃烧燃烧期间被引入压缩空气中。这样气轮机的输出功率提高大约30%-40%。
在压缩机这一方面,至少有一次中间冷却过程,以便降低压缩机的功率消耗,而且使压缩空气的热量用来加热加压水。然后,这部分加压水在分压蒸发器中被注入相对较冷的压缩空气中,这样一来,就会在分压作用下部分地蒸发。靠这种方法,有5%到20%的水蒸汽混入压缩气体中,这样,涡轮机的功率又可以提高大约30%-40%。
为在空气蓄积器运行中使这一工作原理同样适用,除需要压缩空气蓄积器外,还需要热水蓄积器。在分压蒸发器中被蒸发的水要连续不断用新的水来补充。
也可用换热器取代余热蒸汽产生器,来将从分压蒸发器出来的压缩空气进行预加热。这样做效率虽然提高了,但涡轮机的输出功率因缺乏蒸汽而下降。
当然,也可以将热的涡轮机废气的余热部分地回收,以便进行空气预热,其中,废热蒸汽产生器的蒸汽产量也相应地下降。这一措施可用来对空气蓄积器式涡轮机进行优化。
还将给出本发明的实现目标的方案的进一步实施例。
下面利用附图详细解释本发明的实施例。图中省去了对直接理解本发明无用途的所有设备。介质的流动方向用箭头标明。
唯一的一张附图表示一个空气-蒸汽蓄积器式发电厂。
这张图画的是空气-蒸汽蓄积器式发电厂,如总的设备代号表所列,设备包括燃气轮机组、余热蒸汽产生器25、压缩空气蓄积器5以及各种不同的蓄积器及辅助设备。燃气轮机组包括压缩机单元1,它由一组压缩机1a、1b、1c组成,它们在燃烧室和涡轮机系统14、17;19、22的上游运行。余热蒸汽产生器25接在最后一个燃气轮机22的下游,它所产生的蒸汽又返回燃气轮机组。由最后一个压缩机1c出来的最终的压缩空气4或者进入压缩空气蓄积器5,或者经另一分支管进入分压蒸发器11,该蒸发器位于第一个燃烧室14即燃气轮机组的高压燃烧室的上游。也就是说,最终压缩空气4直接流入压缩空气蓄积器5,或直接进入分压蒸发器11,或一部分进入压缩空气蓄积器5,一部分按需要进入部分加压蒸发器11。与其它辅助设备相配合形成了下面的回路及运行方式:吸入空气3首先流经第一个压缩机1a,在其中进行初步压缩。预压缩过的空气3a在以下降后的温度下进入下游的第二压缩机1b之前立即流过中间冷却器2a,再压缩后的空气3b在最后进入第三个压缩机1c之前,穿过下游的中间冷却器2b。在第三个压缩机中进行最后一次压缩。随后,最后压缩过的空气4流经热交换器6,并在那里进行第三次冷却,热交换器6位于已提到的压缩空气蓄积器5的上游。从压缩空气蓄积器5上游分出的管道8提供压缩的工作空气,该管道基本上用作出气管道或者是最终压缩后的冷却过的空气7所流经的管道。这种可交替接通的方式由一系列控制元件9来实现,这些控制元件又被相应地控制。对压缩空气空气蓄积器5有如下说明:它接收经过最后压缩机1c的压缩的冷却空气7,其中压缩机1a、1b、1c由现在作为马达使用的电机12所驱动,并且用这种方法从电网上接收能量以便储存。在两种接通状态下,即无论是在被接通的燃气轮机运行期间还是在压缩空气蓄积器5的卸载运行期间,温度相对较低的压缩空气先流入分压蒸发器11,在那儿通过管道40与来自在上游运行的热水蓄积器10的部分热水混合,此热水蓄积器的管路通断技术的初步设备在后面会详细介绍。通过第一个燃烧室的上游的热水40的部分喷射,在分压作用下使热水40部分地蒸发,这样流经管道8的工作气体与第一部分的约15%-20%的水蒸汽混合。随后这些水蒸汽-空气混合物13作为燃烧气体进入高压燃烧室14,在其内部通过添加燃料15产生热气16,热气16然后输入涡轮机17。从高压燃烧室17排出的废气18被导入低压燃烧室19,在那儿与通过添加燃烧20进行另一个生热过程,产生热气21。热气21供应给低压涡轮机22,并在那里首先进行最终膨胀。来自此处的废气24流入余热蒸汽产生器25,在那儿形成不同压力的蒸汽。压力较高的部分蒸汽26被充入高压燃烧室14,压力较低的部分蒸汽27进入低压燃烧室19。用示意图表示出的管道29及相关的供水泵30代表余热蒸汽产生器25的水供应装置。蒸汽的使用具有双重目的:首先,相关的气轮机输出功率增加30%~40%,其次,利用蒸汽对火焰温度的影响使NOx(氮氧化物)的排放降到最低。废气在其热能被余热蒸气产生器25充分利用之后便以烟气28的形式从烟囱排出。此空气-蒸汽蓄积器式发电厂的回路还有一个水循环通路,工作状态下,它同与压缩机配套的中间冷却器2a、2b、同在最后一台压缩机1c的下游运行的热交换器6、以及同在分压蒸发器11的上游运行的热水蓄积器一起工作。水管31供水以补充分压蒸发器11中蒸发出的水,这些水同最终压缩的工作空气8混合,经燃烧室14、19、涡轮机17、22和余热蒸汽产生器25由烟囱28排出。另外,被分成支路35、36、37的循环水33吸收冷却器2a、2b、6所放出的热。借助这种方法使水温度升高,流经管道39、热水蓄积器10,通过管道40提供给分压蒸发器11。
代号表
1压缩机单元
1a、1b、1c压缩机
2a、2b中间冷却器
3a、3b被部分地压缩了的空气
4最终压缩空气
5压缩空气蓄积器
6热交换器
7通往压缩空气蓄积器的管道,冷却后的压缩空气
8压缩的工作气体管通道
9控制元件
10热水蓄积器
11分压蒸发器
12电机(马达/发电机)
13空气-水蒸汽混合物
14第一燃烧室(高压燃烧室)
15燃料
16热气
17第一涡轮机(高压涡轮机)
18来自高压涡轮机的废气
19第二燃烧室(低压燃烧室)
20燃料
21空气
22第二涡轮机(低压涡轮机)
24废气
25余热蒸汽产生器
26通往高压燃烧室的蒸汽管道
27通往低压燃烧室的蒸汽管道
28通往烟囱的烟气
29供水管道
30供给泵
31供水管道
32循环泵
33热水蓄积器输出管道
34循环泵
35、36、37支流管道
39回流管道
40热水,管道
Claims (10)
1.一种空气蓄积器式涡轮机,主要包括:可分离的燃气轮机组,一台压缩空气蓄积器、一台热水蓄积器和一台与涡轮机组相连的余热蒸汽产生器,其中,燃气轮机组包括一个压缩机单元、至少一个燃烧室和一台涡轮机,其特征在于:来自余热蒸汽产生器(25)的一些蒸汽(26、27)可被导入涡轮机组以增加涡轮机(17、22)的功率;来自一台与压缩机(1)相连的、至少为一台的热交换器(6)的热水(39)可以通过分压蒸发器(11)被注入到冷却的工作气体(8)中。
2.按权利要求1所述的空气蓄积器式涡轮机,其特征在于:热水蓄积器(10)与分压蒸发器(11)并连。
3.按照权利要求1和2所述的空气蓄积器式涡轮机,其特征在于:压缩机单元(1)分成部分压缩机(1a、1b、1c),在它们中间接有冷却器(2a、2b)。
4.按照权利要求1和3所述的空气蓄积器式涡轮机,其特征在于:来自中间冷却器(2a、2b)的热水(39)通过分压蒸发器(11)注入到冷却过的工作气体中。
5.按照权利要求1所述空气蓄积器式涡轮机,其特征在于:来自余热蒸汽产生器(25)的一些蒸气(26、27)可以被引入燃烧空气(13、18)和/或燃气轮机组的热气(16、21)。
6.按照权利要求1所述的空气蓄积器式涡轮机,其特征在于:为压缩机(1)、涡轮机(17、22)位于永久分开的轴上,并且各有自己的电机。
7.一种用于空气蓄积器式涡轮的运行方法,该方法包括提供可分离的燃气轮机组、压缩空气蓄积器、热水蓄积器、连接在涡轮机组下游的余热蒸汽产生器,其中使涡轮机组包括至少一个燃烧室、至少一台涡轮机,其特征在于:使来自余热蒸气产生器(25)中至少某一压力级的所产生的蒸汽(26、27)混合到燃烧空气(13、18)和/或涡轮机组的热气(16、21)中,将压缩机的(1)的热交换器(2a、2b、6)所产生的热水(39、40)喷入分压蒸发器(11);而且,使这些热水(39、40)的一部分在分压作用下蒸发,并且与冷却后的工作气体混合。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在只有空气蓄积器运行时,使压缩机本身的运行由作为马达运行的电机所驱动,将经过热交换器(2a、2b、6)的热水(39)储存在热水蓄积器(10)中;以及使压缩机(1)提供的压缩空气储存在压缩空气蓄积器(5)中。
9.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:气轮机自身在利用相配的燃烧室运转期间,将电机是作为发电机工作,从而使来自压缩空气蓄积器(5)的经压缩的工作气体(8)在分压蒸发器中与来自热水蓄积器(10)的水蒸汽至少部分地达到饱和状态。
10.按照权利要求7所述方法,其特征在于:燃气轮机组本身在受控制状态下满负载运行时,将过量的或不足量的压缩空气送入压缩空气蓄积器(5)或由此取走;并将部分的热水(39)送入热水蓄积器(10)中或由此取走。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH245394 | 1994-08-05 | ||
| CH2453/94 | 1994-08-05 | ||
| CH2453/1994 | 1994-08-05 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1142004A CN1142004A (zh) | 1997-02-05 |
| CN1069379C true CN1069379C (zh) | 2001-08-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN95115074A Expired - Fee Related CN1069379C (zh) | 1994-08-05 | 1995-08-04 | 空气蓄积器式涡轮机 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5495709A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0695860B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1069379C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE59504874D1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103821575A (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-05-28 | 华北电力大学 | 一种可增容增益的深度调峰发电装置 |
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| WO2014146796A1 (de) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung elektrischer energie |
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| JP6614878B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2019-12-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置及び圧縮空気貯蔵発電方法 |
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| JP6571491B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-28 | 2019-09-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ヒートポンプ |
| CN105626348B (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-11-17 | 河海大学 | 一种基于斜击式水轮机的气动发动机及其工作方法 |
| JP6649141B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2020-02-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 圧縮空気貯蔵発電装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103821575A (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-05-28 | 华北电力大学 | 一种可增容增益的深度调峰发电装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5495709A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
| EP0695860B1 (de) | 1999-01-20 |
| DE59504874D1 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
| CN1142004A (zh) | 1997-02-05 |
| EP0695860A2 (de) | 1996-02-07 |
| EP0695860A3 (de) | 1996-08-21 |
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