CN106926977A - A kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system - Google Patents
A kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000935974 Paralichthys dentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
- B63B2021/505—Methods for installation or mooring of floating offshore platforms on site
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/4453—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting solar energy into electric energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of technical scheme of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system, the anchoring system of the ocean platform is made up of three parts：That is (1) tension force cable system；(2) gravity anchor system；(3) hoist engine and automatic control system.Two classes of tension cord of the invention point：One is " side hauling rope ", is provided under platform the cable wire for coupling together platform and side anchor；The second is " vertical rope ", is the cable wire for coupling together the anchor under platform and its.The frictional force produced between weight and seabed in itself by gravity anchor carrys out the horizontal applied force that balance platform bears；Vertical is balanced by the anchor cable tension that weight is produced with platform buoyancy in itself.This two groups of cable wires balance the perturbed force from all directions under the collective effect of hoist engine and automatic control system, keep the stabilization of position of platform.
Description
1st, technical field：
This patent is related to ship and ocean work post class technical field from technical standpoint：Marine all kinds of floating are mainly used in build
Thing or referred to as floating platform are built, the afloat fixation problem of large-scale floating structure is mainly solved, therefore can also belong to related
The technical field of application.
2nd, background technology
This patent so-called " ocean platform " (hereinafter referred to as " platform ") refers to all and carries various devices, non-self-propulsion type
Offshore floating type building.For example offshore oil production platform, wind power platform, marine floating type oil depot, marine hotel, marine float island,
Mariculture net cage, marine floating aerodrome, maritime travel sight spot, ship, marine city etc..
The mankind are lived in ocean, produce various activities with economic development, and most basic condition will have existence
Space, thus to build a certain amount of offshore floating type or submersible building.The fixation of these buildings at sea position, it is now main
Solid using anchoring or stake, all there is certain defect in both modes, thus have certain use scope.For shallow sea, example
Such as 100m depth of waters or so, often anchor chain or anchor cable is added to give in a fixed manner using anchor, but this is a kind of flexible fixed form,
When high sea is to attack, its locus is often difficult stabilization, causes equipment thereon or equipment to work well；According to
The mode that pile foundation is fixed, needs at sea to drive piles, especially at deep-sea, it will greatly increase construction cost again.
This patent is on the basis of existing technology, using the law of buoyancy of ship, by the portion in marine floating building
Point space (commonly referred to as " ballast tank ") to fill make after ballast water it and sink to certain drinking water and (or slip into the certain depth in ocean
Degree), after mooring rope is placed, then extraction section or whole ballast waters, it is tensioned mooring rope to produce upward buoyancy
(such connecting strand can be described as " tension cord ").The rope and seabed set gravity anchor between produce certain tightening force, from
And firmly fasten floating type building.
China coastline is long, marine resources very abundant., it is necessary to set up during for the marine resource for developing coastal waters and off-lying sea
Many marine floating type buildings, or in sea floated building arranged below.According to the technology, it is possible to significantly
Reducing the construction costs.The maximum feature of the technology is exactly simple principle, and equipment is simple, safe and reliable, with low cost.
3rd, the content of the invention
Now by taking a floating type wind power platform in ocean (and mariculture net cage) (referring to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2) as an example, explanation
Present disclosure.
A kind of 3.1 compositions of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system
8. ocean platform as shown in Figure 1, its main body is hinged by a box unit for being referred to as " central island " and with it
Annular box unit (this example is 8) composition for getting up.Its anchoring system is made up of 3 major parts, i.e. (1) tension force cable system；(2)
Gravity anchor system；(3) hoist engine and automatic control system
3.1.1 tension force cable system：It is divided into two classes：The first kind is referred to as " side hauling rope " (refering to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).This kind of rope
It is arranged under platform, by the angle point (A of platform unit2、A3；B2、B3；C2、C3；D2、D3；E2、E3；F2、F3；G2、G3；H2、H3) point
Do not coupled together with side anchor point (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) being located at platform diagonal and line of symmetry (be named as in Fig. 1 3.,
④).Their major function is, when platform meets with the perturbed force, such as wind-force, flow force, action of wave force of horizontal direction, profit
Stablized in former seated position with the tension force of cable wire.Equations of The Second Kind rope is referred to as " vertical rope " (being represented by dashed line in Fig. 1 5. 6.), will
It is arranged on the middle anchor at platform diagonal (anchor in referred to as) (referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3) each point (A4、A1；C4、C1；E4、E1；G4、G1) with
Angle point (the A of platform unit2、A3；C2、C3；E2、E3；G2、G3；) couple together.The function of vertical rope is to meet with Vertical Square in platform
To perturbed force act on when, with its cable wire produce tension force balanced.This two groups of collective effects of cable wire, you can to balance
Perturbed force from all directions, to keep the stabilization of position of platform.
The mechanism that tension force in the cable wire of vertical distribution is produced is：The water of the ballast tank in adjustment platform is first passed through, is made
Platform keeps the flat trim of a certain drinking water (such as designed draft) to put, then uniform to increase ballast water, puts down it and floats on " heavy duty "
Drinking water state, fastens and adjusts each vertical rope and hauling rope, is at stretching the state of (or close to stretch), now pumps out again
A certain amount of ballast water.The weight of ballast water is now pumped out, is exactly the increased buoyancy of platform, this buoyancy can produce each cable wire
Tension force.The size of buoyancy is exactly the vector summation of each cable tension size.By the size for adjusting each ballast tank buoyancy, you can adjust
The whole equilbrium position of platform.The maximum of buoyancy will depend on the rupture strength of each tension cord.
It should be pointed out that the systems stabilisation of this tension cord platform, except platform can be answered in floating on water state
Outside, platform can also be applied to and be in underwater hovering state, or in seabed conditions.This is for needing to tackle special sea
The platform of condition or specific use is more meaningful.
China coast, especially southeastern coast, are the waters of typhoon more than, and have a lot of can produce considerable damage every year
The tropical storm of power and typhoon.For example, when offshore floating type wind power platform or Offshore Units meet with especially big typhoon or sea
, it is necessary to the building that usually will be floated across the sea is dived beneath the water when aquiculture net cage experience red tide is attacked, to hide stormy waves
Attack.This point can easily be realized using the technology.
Whole platform snorkeling is needed when under water, substantial amounts of ballast water platform can be poured into before storm arrival, make to put down
Platform sinks down into underwater certain late into the night, then fastens each cable wire, now extracts a certain amount of ballast water out again, makes each tension cord " taut
Tightly ", platform stable is made in underwater certain position.After red tide or storm, then gradually follow procedure release hoist engine, allow platform
Emerge commitment positions.This is the specific use of this patent.
3.1.2 gravity anchor system：The gravity anchor that this patent is used, is that the frictional force produced by weight itself comes equilibrium water
Flat active force, thus be accomplished by anchor there is larger weight.Further, this patent be applicable not only to shallow sea (such as depth of water 100m with
Under), and it is readily adaptable for use in deeper marine site (such as depth of water 1000m or so).These requirements, conventional marine anchor and anchor chain
All it is unfavorable.
This patent so-called " gravity anchor " is substantially exactly " bucket " that a pile armored concrete is made, wherein filling sea most
Easily obtain and generally the least expensive ponderable material, such as gravel, sea sand, some metal slag, ores in sand form etc..
The construction of the gravity anchor of so-called " being specifically designed " that this patent is used is as shown in Figure 5.
This example gravity anchor is made up of 4 parts：First, drum-shaped centerbody is 4.；Second, it is divided into the plug-in weight of polylith 2.,
It is also called outer hanging body；Third, anti-skidding cone is 1.；3. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10. fourth, appendageComposition.Centerbody and outer hanging body by
Armored concrete is poured and formed, and 3. the otic placode that 9. plug-in external body steel plate strip band hangs over centerbody structures is gone up, then uses bolt phase
Connect；10. the outside of outer hanging body fenced up with one group of stirrup, mutually uses boltConnection forms an entirety.Bottom it is anti-
1. sliding cone is made by steel construction.After overall gravity anchor is arranged on seabed plane, under the pressure of gravity anchor weight, anti-skidding cone meeting
Gradually it is absorbed in the silt particle of seabed.This is beneficial to prevent the displacement of gravity anchor.The middle part of the gravity anchor centerbody be 8. it is empty, can
To fill the goods and materials such as sea sand, chad, metallic ore to increase weight.
5. the top of the gravity anchor set steel loop, and it is connected with cable wire with shackle.Steel lid 6. (including the reinforcing bar under it
Coagulation earth mulch) 7. (or welding) is connected with centerbody flange bolt.
3.1.3 hoist engine and automatic control system：For all kinds of cable wires, can be using the hoist engine of separately or combined formula
It is controlled, Cable tension and release is carried out under the control of automatic control system.The sensor of automatic control system,
The actual tension of each cable wire should be able to be transferred in computer, and the estimated tension force that should be reached is arranged in computer program, used
To control the running of each hoist engine.These are conventional automatic control technologys.Do not repeat hereby.
4th, illustrate
A kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system schematic diagram of accompanying drawing 1
Legend：
1. rectilinear gravity anchor；2. side gravity anchor；
3. side hauling rope；4. side hauling rope
5. vertical tension rope；6. vertical tension rope；
7. air hose；8. main platform body；
9. platform superstructure；10. wind turbine pylon and central hollow tracheae；
Wind turbine；Solar energy photovoltaic panel；
Photovoltaic grillage.
The ocean platform plane stress of accompanying drawing 2 and cable wire distribution schematic diagram
Accompanying drawing 3A-A2-A3-O sections hauling rope and vertical tension rope arrangement and force analysis
Accompanying drawing 4B-B2-B3-O sections hauling rope is arranged and force analysis
A kind of ocean platform gravity anchor profiles of accompanying drawing 5a
Legend：
1. the anti-skidding cone of gravity anchor；2. the outer hanging body of gravity anchor；
3. the outer hanging body of gravity anchor is latched；4. gravity anchor centerbody；
5. gravity balancing link；6. gravity anchor cover plate；
7. gravity anchor adpting flange；8. gravity anchor hollow space；
10. the outer hanging body stirrup of gravity anchor；
A kind of ocean platform gravity anchor top view figures of accompanying drawing 5b
9. the outer hanging body steel of gravity anchor is linked with；10. the outer hanging body stirrup of gravity anchor；
The outer hanging body stirrup clamping screw of gravity anchor；
5th, specific embodiment (design example)
It is theoretical below according to Ship Design, provide square radial type " offshore floating type wind, light hair that a length of side is 100m
The design example of electricity and aquaculture Demonstration Platform ".
5.1 design considerations
5.1.1 design uses sea area：This Platform Designing example selects " off-lying sea " for the Taiwan Straits Fujian Luoyuan-Xiamen,
Position is about 118 ° -120 ° of eastern footpath, and (calculated examples are taken as 25 ° of N, earth rotation Corrioli's effect coefficient to 23 ° -26.5 ° of north latitude：F=
0.22) vast marine site, this marine site is many typhoon waters in both sides of the Taiwan Straits.
5.1.2 wind scale is designed：The especially big typhoon (with 10m airspeedometers on sea) of 16 grades of Beaufort scale
Certain weather station is as follows to the data that once especially big typhoon is determined：
Local Zenith Distance presses Pa=1013.6 hundred handkerchiefs (hPa)
Center of typhoon blast：Po=914 hundred handkerchiefs
Draught head：Δ P=Pa-Po=99.6 hundred handkerchiefs
Maximum wind speed radius (away from the distance of center of typhoon)：R=27 nautical miles=50 kilometers
Typhoon Tracks speed：Uf/ little Time=10.8 section=5.56m/s in=20 Gong
(note：Above-mentioned data were close to typhoon " Mo Landi " in 2016)
The main yardstick of 5.2 platforms
Used as example (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2), its main yardstick of this platform is as follows：
5.3 typhoon region elements of wave are calculated：
" element of wave " referred herein refers to wave height H1/3, wavelength X, cycle T1/3。
Using more general Bretschneider (1957) following empirical formula:
The maximum of element of wave is as follows when calculating 16 grades of typhoons：
Greatest gradient wind speed (U at 10m on seag)maxFor：
(Ug)max=0.868 × [73 × 0.1718 × (Δ P)1/2-0.575R×0.22]
=105.23 (section)=54.14m/s
This value equivalent to 16 grades of Beaufort scale,
Maximum sustained wind speed U at 10m on sear(section), is drawn by following formula：
For mobile typhoon：
Ur rmax=0.865 × (Ug)max+0.5Uf=96.52 sections=49.65m/s
Try to achieve Ur rmaxAfterwards, following two formula of recycling can be in the hope of the deep water of typhoon formation maximum significant wave height H1/3max
And cycle T1/3max。
H1/3max=5.03exp (0.000295 × R × Δ P)
×(1+0.208×Uf/(Ur) ^ (1/2))=14.45m
T1/3max=8.6exp (0.000148 × R × Δ P)
×(1+0.104*Uf/(Ur) ^ (1/2))=14.3s
Cycle and the relation formula for calculating wavelength according to deep water wave, the wavelength corresponding to this wave period is as follows：
λmax=(g/ (2 × π)) × T2=9.81/ (2 × 3.1416) × 14.3^2=318m
Above parameter as calculating platform stress foundation.
5.4 determine anchoring system by tension cord principle
5.4.1 the load that platform floating state is born
(1) wind load, presses《Harbour journey loading specification》(JTJ215P)
Computing formula：
Act on the wind load of platform：Wk=μs×μz×W0(KN)
Wherein：Wind load standard value, presses《Harbour journey loading specification》Subordinate list takes：
W0=V1 2/ 1600=1.79
Wherein：V1--- by the wind speed away from sea 10m height that 16 grades of typhoons are chosen
V1=53.5m/s
μs--- Shape Coefficient, it is taken as 1.5
μz--- height variation coefficient of wind pressure, value 2.12
It is another to consider calculation error coefficient 1.2, thus：
WK=1.2 × 1.5 × 2.12 × 1.79=6.83kPa
Then：The unit area wind load for acting on platform is：
Foh=WK/ 9.81=0.696t/m2
The wind area of platform side, is computed：
AW1=492m2
Thus total wind load is：FW1=0.696 × 492=342.42t
(2) flow force FW2Press《Harbour journey loading specification》：
Wherein：ρW--- the density of water, it is taken as ρW=1.025t/m3
AW2--- flow force area, this example AW2=B × T=100 × 2=200m2
VM--- water velocity, take VM=4 sections=2.058m/s
CW--- resistance coefficient takes CW=1.5
Thus：Flow force FW2=1.5 × 1/2 × 1.025 × 2.0582/ 9.81=66.35t
(3) wave force
By China《The harbour hydrology》The Sainflou methods of recommendation
Suitable for relative water depth h/ λ=0.1~0.3；The waters of H/ λ >=0.33 scope.
This example：Water depth h=50m, wavelength takes 16 grades of typhoon threatening zone maximum wavelengths：λmax=318m, there is adopted wave height
H1/3=14.4m, i.e. relative water depth h/ λ=0.157；Wave steepness H1/3/ λ=0.045, within the scope of applicable the method, by
This referring to《Wave computational methods in coastal engineering》P.227 attached chart checks in parameter to one book：R=1.84, △2=1.19,
Thus draw：Act on the wave force of this platform
FW3=100.74t
The horizontal applied force summation for acting on platform is：
Σ F=FW1+FW2+FW3=486.7t
5.4.2 the arrangement of platform tension cord
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the anchor for being arranged in seabed is divided into 2 classes, first, having 8, referred to as side anchor outside platform；Cable wire
Tie point with side anchor is respectively designated as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H；It is 2 groups of hawser on each side anchor suspension ring, has 16 groups；Steel
Rope is respectively designated as A with the tie point of platform2、A3；B2、B3；C2、C3；D2, D3；E2、E3；F2、F3；G2、G3；H2、H3.Its effect is
Pulling force is produced, to balance active force in the horizontal direction.There are 8 anchors, referred to as middle anchor within platform plane projection.Anchor in each
It is 1 group of hawser on suspension ring, has 8 groups, is arranged along platform diagonal；Cable wire is respectively designated as A with the tie point of platform1、
A4；B1、B4；C1、C4；D1、D4；E1、E4；F1、F4；G1、G4；H1、H4.Its effect is to produce tension force, to balance work vertically
Firmly.
5.4.3 the power of platform is acted on
The power for acting on platform is very complicated.Can simplify be divided into the effect of horizontal direction and vertical mode to effect
Power.
5.4.3.1 horizontal direction active force：
Assuming that platform (referring to Fig. 2) is born along the active force Σ F of X-direction, this active force is by edge and X-axis angle at 45 °
A-A2-A3- O cable wires (abbreviation a groups rope) and C-C2-C3The B-B of-O cable wires (abbreviation c groups rope) and X axis2-B3- 0 (abbreviation b groups
Rope) bear jointly.It is ε to make the sharing of load coefficient between this 3 direction ropesa,εb,εc, respectively 30%：40%：30%.
(note：Sharing of load coefficient between 3 direction ropes should be determined by model test)
To a groups Suo Eryan (referring to Fig. 3), if triangle AA3A1Subtended angle be θ1, triangle AA2A4Subtended angle be θ2.It is assumed that
Act on A2Point (rope a is 1.) and A3The level load of point (rope a is 2.) presses following pro rate, is computed：
εa1=cos θ1/(cosθ1+cosθ2)=0.556
εa2=1- εa1=0.444
(note：Sharing of load coefficient between 2 hauling ropes should also be determined by model test)
(1) the horizontal direction active force of cable wire a is acted on
Referring to Fig. 2, the aggregate level effect F that the cable wire on A-A2-A3-O diagonal bearsaCan be calculated as follows：
Fa=εa* Σ F/cos45 °=260.48t
Fa1=εa1*Fa=0.556*260.48=114.7t
Referring to Fig. 3, A-A2-A3- 0 section tension cord layout drawing and force analysis understand：
By triangle A-A1-A3Can be in the hope of angle theta1.To this example：h0=40.75m a1=84.66m
Tanθ1/a1=0.48
Thus θ1=25.65 °
By triangle A-A2-A4Can be in the hope of angle theta2.To this example：h0=40.75m a2=42.43m
Tanθ2/a2=0.96
Thus θ2=43.85 °
(2) the directed force F A in cable wire a 1. directions is acted on1
FA1=k1*Fa1/cosθ1=165.42t
Wherein take uneven distribution COEFFICIENT K1=1.3
(3) determination of anchor weight
Along cable wire A-A3Power FA1Anchor A is acted on, the index power F in seabed plane can be decomposed intoa1With perpendicular to sea
The climbing power F of planea1y.The coefficient of friction in gravity anchor and seabed is taken for μ=0.15, then be can determine that required for overcoming this sliding force
Anchor weight be：
Pa1=Fa1/ μ=764.7t
FA1The power perpendicular to platform is produced, anchor is pulled up, make anchor weight saving, therefore the gross weight W of anchora1This should be added
Power, i.e.,：
Wa1=Pa1+Fa1y=Pa1+Fa1*sinθ1=836.31t
(4) tractive force of winch
If it is 4 to take the rope radical of movable pulley, the tractive force of every cable wire is on winch roller：
FA10=FA1/n1=41.35t
This calculated value is the selection ground of rope a 1. cable wires
It is actual to select cable wire model：6*37S, diameter d=40mm, σ b=1670MPa, its rupture pull force is：Sb=
95.1t,
According to above-mentioned same principle, can be to connection A-A2Cable wire a 2. and to connection B-B2, B-B3Cable wire b 1.
And 2. b carries out same calculating, result of calculation is as shown in the table：
5.4.3.2 vertical direction active force：
According to platform weight and buoyancy calculations, platform is in designed draft, it is necessary to the weight of the ballast water into ballast tank
It is WBT=712.25t, it is contemplated that if will now be arranged on platform A2、A3；C2、C3... the Cable tension of isocenter, so
Outside this part ballast water pumped out into platform again afterwards, then the buoyancy of the vertical direction for producing will be in cable wire A2-A4、A3-A1Between
Tension force is produced, cable wire is drawn tighter.
Under conditions of quiet buoyancy is only considered, platform is all sunk under sea level, i.e. " snorkeling " Yu Shuizhong, Ran Houzai
When all discharging ballast water and sinking to predetermined drinking water, it becomes possible to the tensile force of maximum is produced in vertically disposed cable wire.
It is computed, the displacement that this main platform body is all sunk under the water surface：
△m=6427.86t
The total displacement of platform when platform sinks to deck away from water surface 12m
△max=9306.33t
Maximum ballast water capacity BW when platform sinks to deck away from water surface 12mmaxShould be maximum displacement and light displacement it
Difference, i.e.,
BWmax=△max-ΣW0=9306.33-3572.99=5733.84t
Wherein, Σ W0It is hollow panel weight, Σ W0=3572.99t.
If this ballast water weight is all evacuated, the maximum tension of generation is Δ δ=5733.84t.
3. full platform is provided with 8 groups of vertical tension ropes altogether, takes nonuniformity coefficient for K2=1.3, every group average of tension cord
Power FL：
FL=K2* δ Δs/8=1.3*5733.84/8=931.75t
Movable pulley cable wire radical from assembly pulley is N=8, then the pulling force of every cable wire should be FL0=FL/N=
931.75/8=116.47t.
This pulling force is used to cable wire type selecting 3..Type selecting is 6V*37S+IWR, diameter d=52mm, σb=1670MPa, it breaks
Disconnected pulling force is：Sb=172t,
And FL=931.75t is to the weight type selecting of Vertical Anchor, the Vertical Anchor weight of each is taken as 1000t.Now incite somebody to action this
The result of calculation of each cable wire of example is classified as following table：
6th, gravity anchor and carry calculation
6.1 gravity anchors are constructed
In order under 16 grades of huge wind-force effects of typhoon, keep platform stable in the position of floating and snorkeling state, together
When be also contemplated for making the cost of anchor and economy be installed, this platform employs a kind of specially designed gravity anchor form of author.
So-called " gravity anchor ", exactly only relies on a kind of anchor that anchor weight in itself is fixed on seabed.And the marine anchor of routine
(such as Hall'sanchor, speke anchor etc.), the weight of anchor and anchor chain is not only relied on, and is also relied on anchor fluke and be absorbed in seabed soil and produce
Raw grip is by ship mooring.
6.2 typical gravity anchor major parameters:
Weight is the gravity anchor (8 side anchors of this example) of 2000t, and its outside diameter is 17.9m, and total height is 8.95m.For
The weight of gravity anchor is increased, one circle " hanging weight " is set in the outer rim of centerbody, the gross weight (dry weight) of whole gravity anchor is
3559.07t, after whole anchor body enters water and hollow space pours into sea sand, deducts buoyancy 1556.52t, and its whole gravity anchor is in sea
Weight in water is 2002.6t, can be considered 2000t；Weight is the gravity anchor (8 Vertical Anchors of this example) of 1000t, and its external diameter is
D1=14.18m, the gross weight (dry weight) of whole gravity anchor is 1779.47t, enters water in whole anchor body and hollow space pours into sea
After sand, buoyancy 776.83t is deducted, its whole gravity anchor weight in the seawater is 1002.64t, that is, be considered as 1000t.
The characteristics of 6.3 this example " gravity type anchor "
So-called " gravity type anchor " its general principle of this example is that manually in seabed be piled into " hill " weight by mode, is produced
Sea turn, wave, the basis of stream can be resisted.And the weight for making basis not be subjected to displacement, it is that seashore most easily obtains and generally the least expensive
Stone and sand grains, thus, one of this programme biggest advantage is with low cost.
This programme need not piling, it is less demanding to construction technique, the geological conditions at mount point is also required that it is not high,
Only need one piece of more smooth seabed ground；The centerbody of anchor may be designed to sliceable fritter with weight is hung, and transport to scene
Assembling；Both lower water can be lifted by crane with large-scale crane, and can be also dragged from barge and slide water (or coordinating lower water with air bag), without using rising
Weight ship coordinates, and can save substantial amounts of Installation Time And Cost.
This programme is aimed at the case of the offshore platform of depth of water 50m, in practice for deeper marine site (such as depth of water
It is 100m) the same from principle.Gravity anchor need to be only designed to some larger.Thus this programme has very big promotion price
Value.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system, it is characterised in that described ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system
It is made up of 3 parts：That is (1) tension force cable system；It is divided into " side hauling rope " with " vertical rope " two classes, its major function is by ocean
Platform is coupled together with seabed anchor, the perturbed force of all directions met with balance platform；(2) gravity anchor system；It is arranged on sea
Bottom, the stabilization of platform is maintained by weight itself；(3) hoist engine and automatic control system, coordinate the action of each cable wire.
2. a kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described tension cord
System is divided into two classes：The first kind is referred to as " side hauling rope ", by being arranged under platform, at platform and diagonal and line of symmetry
The cable wire composition that side anchor point is coupled together；Its major function is, when platform meets with the perturbed force of horizontal direction, such as wind-force, current
When power, action of wave force, stablized in former seated position using the tension force of cable wire；Equations of The Second Kind is referred to as " vertical rope ", flat by being placed in
Below platform, the cable wire composition that the anchor (anchor in referred to as) of platform and vertical direction is coupled together；Vertical rope relies on the buoyancy of platform
The tension force produced with the gravity of anchor, the perturbed force of the vertical direction met with balance platform.This two groups of collective effects of cable wire, i.e.,
The perturbed force from all directions can be balanced, the stabilization of position of platform is kept.
3. a kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described gravity anchor
Service system is made up of 4 parts：(1) drum-shaped centerbody；(2) it is divided into the outer hanging body of polylith；(3) it is arranged on the anti-skidding of anchor bottom
Cone；(4) appendage.
4. a kind of ocean platform tension cord type anchoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described gravity anchor
The centerbody of service system is poured by armored concrete with outer hanging body and formed, and is empty in the middle part of the centerbody, can be filled
The goods and materials such as sea sand, gravel, metallic ore are increasing weight.The outside steel plate strip band of outer hanging body is hung on the otic placode of centerbody,
It is connected with bolt again；The outside of outer hanging body is fenced up with one group of stirrup, mutually connected with bolt to be formed one it is whole
Body；Suspension ring are set on the cover plate of centerbody to be used to connect cable wire.
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| CN110356521A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 上海电气风电集团有限公司 | A kind of semisubmersible-type floatation type blower fan structure of floating drum flexible connection |
| JP2019182061A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-24 | シャープ株式会社 | Supporting structure of floating photovoltaic power generation system and floating photovoltaic power generation system |
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| CN111098991A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏科技大学 | A deep sea aquaculture system powered by offshore wind turbines |
| CN114313128A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-12 | 东北石油大学 | Floating box mooring type ocean damping platform and construction method thereof |
| CN114348179A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-15 | 东北石油大学 | Floating box mooring type ocean platform and construction method thereof |
| CN114537604A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-27 | 东北石油大学 | Anchor-pull type foundation platform of assembled FRP concrete combined traction cable tower and construction method thereof |
| CN114537604B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-12-22 | 东北石油大学 | Prefabricated FRP concrete composite cable tower anchor-pull foundation platform and its construction method |
| CN114313128B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-03-29 | 东北石油大学 | Floating box mooring type ocean damping platform and construction method thereof |
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