CN106917166B - A kind of friction composite spinning method of membrane filamentation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of friction compound spinning methods of type film wire, belong to textile technology field.The present invention uses the setting film above the front roller nip of friction each draft mechanism of yarn machine to cut drafting system, resistance to cut for setting film cutter device forms cutting area between circle and cutting roller, cutting forms the band-like multifilament uniformly sprawled, type film is subjected to threading, changes traditional spinneret orifice linear discharge Cheng Sifa；Multifilament carries out drawing-off through the first draft area, the second draft area, increase strand intensity in multifilament, the multifilament of refinement and the short fibre area yarn rubbed spinning machine Fen Shu, point it is combed into the composite fibre stream that microfilament item mixes with staple fiber stream of receiving of section shape, it is entered between friction roller through defeated fine channel, it twists into and receives the thin special friction composite yarn of microfilament item and the uniform obvolvent of staple fiber, solve the problems, such as long filament when friction Compound spinning, nanofiber be difficult to uniformly to mix with conventional short fibre, abundant obvolvent twisting, merged film industry and textile industry.Operation of the present invention is convenient, easy to spread.

Description

A kind of friction composite spinning method of membrane filamentation

technical field

The invention relates to a friction composite spinning method for filamentation of a film, belonging to the technical field of textiles.

Background technique

Textile fibers can be divided into natural fibers and chemical fibers according to their sources; chemical fibers generally include regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers. Among them, man-made fibers refer to natural polymers originally existing in nature, because the length and thickness of the macro-aggregated form cannot meet the requirements of textile processing, and need to be re-aggregated by chemical methods to form fibers to meet the requirements of textile processing. Such as regenerated cellulose fibers, various viscose fibers, etc.; synthetic fibers refer to petrochemical small molecules as raw materials, chemically synthesized polymers, and then processed into chemical filaments by spinning process. The production of chemical filaments can be divided into melt spinning and solution spinning according to the properties of polymer materials; among them, melt spinning is for polymer materials that have an obvious thermal melting point and the melting temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature. The process is as follows Preparation of spinning melt (including melt slicing, melt drying, etc.) --- the melt is fed into a high-temperature melt spinning machine extruded by twin-screw, and heated to form a hot melt fluid --- the hot melt fluid flows from Spinneret extrusion---stretching and solidification of the melt stream---oiling the wet---winding; the filaments formed by winding are generally multifilaments, containing at least several hundred filaments, which cannot be It is directly used in textile processing, and generally needs to be divided into filaments---secondary thermal drawing and setting---post-processing such as false twisting or air deformation---winding; the post-processed filaments are generally aggregated into a cylindrical shape The linear filaments can be used for various composite spinning; it can be seen that the filaments processed by melt spinning are complex in the processing of textile fibers, the required process flow is long, and the production efficiency is low. Solution spinning is for polymer materials with no obvious thermal melting point, or the melting temperature is higher than the decomposition temperature. After soaking and mixing, the spinning solution is placed in the solution tank of the solution spinning machine---by high-pressure ejection, the spinning solution is pressed out of the spinneret hole and then injected into the coagulation bath to solidify into filaments (according to The coagulation bath is different, divided into wet method and dry method) to obtain the spun silk---the spun silk is stretched and cured---washed with water to remove the adhering coagulation bath and solvent---oiling the wet ---winding; the filaments formed by winding are generally multifilaments, containing at least several hundred filaments, which cannot be directly used for textile processing, and generally need to be divided into filaments---secondary wet heat drawing and shaping--- Post-processing such as false twisting or air deformation—winding; although the cross-section of the filament can be made into various shapes of strands according to the shape of the spinneret, the strands are generally agglomerated by multiple filaments after post-processing. Cylindrical linear filaments can be used for various composite spinning; it can be seen that the filaments processed by solution spinning are complicated to process when applied to textile fibers, the required process flow is long, and the production efficiency is low. Therefore, the existing filament fiber forming generally adopts the spinneret hole of the spinneret to form a linear jet forming, which has a long process flow and complicated equipment.

Friction spinning is a combination of machinery and air to absorb agglomerated fibers. At the same time of adsorbing agglomerated fibers, the whiskers are rubbed and twisted into yarns by a rotating dust cage friction roller with the help of friction. Friction spinning is a spinning method with short technological process, simple equipment, low-speed and high-yield, low requirements for raw fiber length and color, and high economic benefits. The spinning method was first patented by Fleur in Austria in 1973, and named DREF spinning after the inventor's abbreviation. In 1974, Fleur developed the DREF-I friction spinning machine. After improvement and improvement, the DREF-2 friction spinning machine was exhibited for the first time at the International Textile Machinery Exhibition in 1975, and it was put on the market in 1977. In 1978, Fleur developed the DREF-3 friction spinning machine. By 1986, DREF friction spinning machines had sold more than 6,000 heads (three heads or six heads as one machine), covering more than 60 countries in the United States, Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, North and South America, Europe, and Asia. The friction spinning method is to use a dust cage to absorb and condense the fiber sliver, rub the roller to rub the fiber sliver or rotate the dust cage to rub the fiber sliver to realize the twisting of the fiber sliver, and finally obtain the inner fiber in a layer-twisted wrapping conformation. There is a lack of internal and external transfer between the fibers in the yarn, the cohesion between the fibers is poor, and the yarn strength is low. Therefore, when the bending stiffness of the fiber is large, it is not easy to effectively twist, wind and twist the yarn under the twisting action of the rolling roller or the rotating dust cage during spinning, and the friction spinning is very difficult; In the structure, the fibers lack internal and external transfer, and the cohesion force is insufficient. When spinning high-count yarns, the amount of fibers fed into the friction rolling yarn area is small, and the yarn strength is too low to effectively twist the yarn. Therefore, friction spinning cannot produce high-count yarns, and generally the lowest yarn counts spun are around 90 tex. For friction spinning of weak low-grade or scrap fibers with a low modulus, there are two ways to transport the fibers to the agglomeration basket: vertical conveying and inclined conveying. When the fiber is transported by vertical conveying, because the fiber raw material is very weak, one end of the fiber suddenly stops when it first contacts the surface of the dust cage, and the other end will bend under the action of inertial force, which will cause the fibers transported to the condensing surface of the dust cage. There are many hooks, loops, middle folds, random bending and winding, etc., which make the fibers in poor alignment before yarn formation, the friction yarn strength decreases, and the yarn quality is poor; in order to solve the above problems, the British Masterspinner friction spinning machine The fiber conveying direction is changed from vertical to an angle (15°-30°) inclined to the yarn axis, which improves the fiber conveying state, ensures the effective yarn length and yarn strength of the fiber, and greatly improves the fiber friction spinning. Yarn quality. However, there is no effective solution for friction spinning of hemp worsted raw material fibers with higher modulus. Composite spinning technology is the main way to solve the problems of friction spinning technology, such as low spinning strength, inability to produce high-quality yarns for difficult-to-spin fibers with high stiffness and high elasticity, and inability to spin high-count yarns. For example, Chinese Patent Application No. 201510358978 .X, published on 2015.09.30, the title of invention and creation is "a high-strength heat-insulating base fabric of friction-spun aramid 1414 wrapped glass filaments and its preparation method"; Chinese patent application number 201510121613.5, published on 2015.07.08, invention Created the name "a new nano-scale electrostatic friction spinning device". The common point of the above-mentioned applications is that a traditional filament core-spun friction yarn production method is provided, and the well-shaped filaments are fed into two In the middle of the parallel friction rollers, along the direction perpendicular to the friction rollers, the short fiber sliver enters the opening roller through the feeding roller, and is carded into a single fiber-like fiber flow. Enter into the middle of two parallel friction rollers, merge with the filaments fed into the middle of the two parallel friction rollers and twist into yarn, in which the filaments are located in the middle, no internal and external transfer occurs, and the short fibers are wrapped around the filaments in layers. , and finally form a filament core-spun friction-spun composite yarn. Since the filaments and the staple fibers are layered and wrapped, especially the filaments used are in the form of packages that have been industrially drawn, shaped, and wound, and the filaments are aggregated into a cylindrical shape. The linear shape of the filament, the monofilament in the filament can not be effectively dispersed into the short fiber flow in the friction yarn forming area, and each monofilament cannot be effectively dispersed and composited with the short fiber online, and the filament can only be located in the core of the composite yarn. Internal and external transfer occurs, the filament and the short fiber layer twist covering layer lacks sufficient mixing, and the cohesion between the monofilament and the short fiber in the friction spinning yarn is not improved, so the yarn strength cannot be greatly improved, and the friction cannot be solved. It is difficult to spin and produce high-count yarn, and the twisted part of the short fiber layer of the filament core-spun friction spinning yarn is easy to wear and fall off, the yarn structure stability is poor, and the wear resistance level is low.

The above are the forming methods, processes and properties of the existing conventional textile filament fibers and the problems in the friction composite yarn of chemical filament fibers and ordinary short fibers. With the continuous development of application technology of fiber materials in various fields, nanofiber materials have become a hot topic in research and functional applications. The diameter of nanofibers is in the range of 1nm-100nm, and it has the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large aspect ratio, high surface energy and high activity, showing excellent enhancement, antibacterial, water repellent, filtration and other functions. Separation and filtration, biomedicine, energy materials, polymer enhancement, photoelectric sensing and other fields. With the expansion and demand of the application field of nanofibers, the forming and preparation technology of nanofibers has also been further developed and innovated; so far, the preparation methods of nanofibers mainly include chemical method, phase separation method, self-assembly method and spinning process law, etc. The spinning process is considered to be the most promising method for large-scale preparation of polymer nanofibers, mainly including electrospinning, bicomponent composite spinning, melt blowing and laser drawing. Among them, the laser ultrasonic stretching method uses laser irradiation to heat the fiber, and at the same time stretches it under ultrasonic conditions, resulting in a draw ratio of about 105 times, to prepare nanofiber filaments, which belongs to a conventional filament post-processing method In addition, other nano-spinning methods also directly involve the spinneret, and the common point is: the synergistic drafting effect of the spinneret is used to make the fiber diameter reach the nanometer scale. The invention patent "Multi-responsive Controllable Filtration Electrospinning Nanofiber Membrane and Its Preparation Method" published by China Intellectual Property Office on November 11, 2016, patent application number ZL201611005678.4, the application koan provides a temperature-sensitive The method of placing the polymer solution of volatile and pH-responsive polymers into an electrospinning apparatus, and spraying and laying it through the electrospinning apparatus to form a nanofiber membrane. The key problem of electrospinning is that electrospinning belongs to non-positive holding and stretching spinning. Electrostatic jet forms Taylor cones during the spinning process. It is difficult for jet fibers to draw effectively at high times. Insufficient drafting results in macromolecules in nanofibers. The degree of alignment is poor, the nanofiber fineness needs to be further refined, the strength is too low and the size needs to be further refined; in addition, the filamentation process of the Taylor cone state makes the fibers obtained by electrospinning cannot be laid out in an orderly longitudinal direction, and it is difficult to spin the spun fibers. The fibers are collected and gathered linearly, mainly for the production of nanofiber membrane materials. The invention patent "A Coaxial Centrifugal Spinning Device and Method" published by China Intellectual Property Office on August 29, 2016, patent application number ZL201610753443.7, the application koan provides an Multi-layer needles, a centrifugal spinning method that realizes high-speed rotation of a coaxial centrifuge tube for large-scale production of ultra-fine fibers and even nano-fibers; the invention patent published by the China Intellectual Property Office on December 14, 2016 "A Titanium Dioxide/Polyvinylidene Fluoride" Ethylene micro/nanofiber membrane and its centrifugal spinning preparation method", patent application number ZL201611154055.3, which provides a kind of self-made anatase TiO2 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) mixed with both Centrifugal spinning solution, centrifugal spinning on centrifugal spinning machine to make micro-nano fiber membrane. The key problem of centrifugal spinning is that through the high-speed spinning centrifugal action, the jetted jets are correspondingly placed into filaments in a circular shape. Production of nanofiber membrane materials; during the spinning process of centrifugal spinning, it is also non-active holding and stretching spinning. The drafting force of centrifugal jet is restricted by factors such as rotational speed and air resistance, resulting in insufficient drafting of spinning and insufficient drafting. As a result, the macromolecules in the nanofibers are poorly arranged and oriented, the nanofiber fineness needs to be further refined, the strength is too low and the size needs to be further refined. However, the diameter of nanofibers is too small, resulting in low absolute strength of nanofibers, easy to wear and tear, easy to wear and fall off when coated on the surface of fabrics, and poor durability of the function of coated textile products, resulting in nanofibers only a small amount of netting can be processed into nanofiber membranes , and cannot carry out conventional drafting and twisting into yarn, which seriously restricts the industrial application of nanofibers. If nanofibers are processed into macroscopic, modern textile methods can be used to produce various functional medical products, functional clothing, industrial fabrics and other products, which will break through the performance and value of traditional textile products and have broad application prospects. Therefore, insufficient drafting in nano-spinning production results in poor macromolecular arrangement and orientation in nanofibers, and nanofiber fineness needs to be further refined. The surface of the fabric is easy to wear and fall off, and it cannot be processed by conventional spinning. As a result, nanofibers can only be processed into non-woven fabrics or nanomembranes in small amounts in the industrialized production of textiles. It is still impossible to carry out batch high-speed textile processing and production, which seriously restricts the textile industrialization of nanofibers. application.

In recent years, the textile field has paid more and more attention to the production of high-function and high-quality yarns and fabrics. How to give traditional textile yarns high-function and high-quality has also become a hot topic in current textile processing; since nanofibers have many high functions, High-performance characteristics, such as processing nanofibers into macro yarns, solving the production problem of batch high-speed textile processing of nanofiber yarns, will be able to use modern textile methods to produce various functional medical, functional clothing, industrial fabrics and other products, which will make breakthroughs. The performance and value of traditional textile products have broad application prospects. At present, the processing of nanomaterials into yarns is mainly based on the attempts of pure nano-yarn processing technology: the invention patent "Manufacture and Application of Nanofiber Yarns, Tapes and Plates" published by China Intellectual Property Office on November 09, 2005, patent Application No. ZL201310153933.X, this application provides a method for forming nano-yarns by drawing and twisting ribbon-shaped or plate-shaped carbon nanotube arrays laid in parallel, and using nano-ribbons or yarns for composite reinforcement Organic polymers, electrodes, optical sensors and other fields; Invention patent "A Device and Method for Continuous Preparation of Oriented Nanofiber Yarn" published by China Intellectual Property Office on September 27, 2013, patent application number ZL201310454345.X, the application The koan proposed to use a self-made rotary twisting device to directly twist and wind the fibers produced by nano-spinning into linear materials. However, the shape and scale of the nanofibers themselves are too small, and the absolute strength of the fibers is low, especially the carbon nanofibers are characterized by high brittleness, which leads to serious damage and destruction of the fibers after twisting and twisting the pure nanofibers into yarns. The nanofibers were twisted and fractured more during yarn formation, and the mechanical advantages of nanofibers were not exerted, and the spun yarns were far below the expected theoretical effect. Based on the technical problems and bottlenecks of pure nanofiber yarn, the invention patent "Spinning Device and Spinning Method of Nanofiber and Filament Composite Yarn" published by China Intellectual Property Office on November 1, 2012, patent application number ZL201210433332.X , the application koan provides a method of introducing filaments into two nanofiber receiving discs at the same time of electrospinning, so that the nanofibers are adhered to the two nanofilaments, and then the two filaments are added Twist and combine to obtain a filament/nanofiber composite yarn with ultra-high specific surface area of nanofibers and high-strength characteristics of filaments; although the application koan overcomes the problem of low strength of nanofibers and difficulty in pure spinning, but It only involves twisting filaments and nanofibers into yarn, and the conventional large-scale textile processing is natural and chemical staple fiber spinning. Therefore, the scope of processing and application involved in this application is narrow, and the problem of conventional staple fibers in the textile industry has not been solved and realized. Nanocomposite spinning production. Based on the above technical problems and bottlenecks, especially the technical production requirements for composite yarns of nanofibers and conventional cotton fibers, the invention patent "A preparation method of nanofiber blended composite yarns" published by China Intellectual Property Office on November 20, 2013 , Patent Application No. ZL201310586642.X, the application koan proposes a method in the carding process, using electrostatic nano-spinning to directly spray the cotton net output by the carding machine, mix with the cotton net to make cotton/nanofiber strips, and then A method of making cotton/nanofiber sliver into a blended composite yarn through roving, spinning and other processes. This method seems to be simple and effective to combine nanofibers with cotton fibers, but this method has innate principles and practical production. Problem: The key problem is that the nanofibers have large specific surface area and strong adhesion and cohesion with conventional cotton fibers. In this case, during the drafting process of the sliver in the roving and spinning processes, it will be difficult for the cotton fibers to be free from each other. , The relative slip is smoothly carried out, and there are many phenomena such as hooks, drafting difficulties, and uneven drafting, etc., resulting in poor quality of the final twisted and spun yarn, which cannot realize the production and production of high-function and high-quality nanocomposite yarns. processing. The invention patent "A method and system for preparing nanofiber coating on the surface of yarn or fiber bundle" published by China Intellectual Property Office on August 4, 2011, patent application number ZL201110221637.X, the application koan provides a method using When the yarn passes between the nozzle of the spinning nozzle and the collector, the surface of the yarn is directly sprayed by the nozzle of the nozzle to form a nano-coating film. Obviously, this application belongs to the spray method. The nanofibers failed to enter the yarn body, and could not form a good cohesion with the short fibers inside the yarn, which would inevitably cause the nanocoating layer to detach from the yarn surface or wear off during subsequent use and processing. Poor durability. Therefore, nanofibers are too thin, insufficient drafting in production, low strength, poor adhesion and durability, easy to wear off and fall off when coated on the surface of fabrics, and cannot be processed by conventional spinning. As a result, nanofibers can only be used in industrial textile production. A small amount of non-woven fabrics or nano-films cannot be processed into batches of high-speed textiles, which seriously restricts the industrial application of nanofibers.

Different from the spinning process, film forming is to process polymer materials into sheets and roll them into coils; there are many methods for forming plastic films, such as calendering, casting, blow molding, stretching. The processing process is that the material is processed by the above method, in the appropriate temperature range above the glass transition temperature and below the melting point (in the high elastic state), under the action of external force, the molecular chain or crystal plane of the polymer is parallel to the film. It is oriented in the direction of the plane and arranged in an orderly manner to form a film surface profile, and then heat-setting in a tensioned state to fix the oriented macromolecular structure, and then cooled, pulled and coiled. Among them, in the process of film blow molding, according to the different extrusion and pulling directions, it can be divided into three types: flat blowing, top blowing, and bottom blowing. This is the main molding process and there are special blow molding methods, such as top extrusion and top blowing. The film material has many special properties: 1) The smooth appearance is the most basic performance of the film material, the surface is clean, free of dust, oil, etc.; 2) The thickness and length scale specifications are highly controllable, the thickness can be as low as nanometer, and the length The thickness and width can be precisely controlled at the macroscopic millimeter scale, which effectively ensures the precise and stable mechanical strength and shape and size of the fiber film. The specification deviation of each film material is very in line with customer requirements; 3) For light transmittance and gloss, it is necessary to The customer requires different production, and the light transmittance is required to maintain a high light transmittance, but the gloss must be maintained to achieve a bright and beautiful effect; 4) Tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength , impact strength, etc. are easy to meet the standard; 5) The film can be set with various shapes, sizes and specifications of meshes, gaps, etc. according to the purpose, application range and performance, giving the film material excellent moisture and oxygen permeability; 6) Dimensions And chemical stability performance, surface tension is easy to reach high standards. There are many types of film materials, such as polymer film materials, aluminized film materials, microporous film materials, etc., which are widely used, mainly used in food, medicine, cosmetic packaging, air and water filtration and purification, virus filtration, etc. It can be seen that the existing films are basically not used for the production of textile yarns and clothing fabrics. The key problem is that each part of the film material is relatively stable, and it is difficult to freely and efficiently transfer and fully twist when twisting by itself or compounding with conventional short fibers to form yarns. Therefore, the direct twisted film material or the twisted film material/conventional staple fiber composite whisker cannot achieve the cohesion effect of traditional filament and short fiber twisted yarn, and the appearance and feel of the resulting yarn are similar to those of conventional filament and staple fiber. Yarns are very different.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problem that the filaments and nanofibers formed by the spinneret orifice and the conventional short fiber friction composite spinning are difficult to be evenly mixed and fully cohesive and twisted, various types of membrane materials are twisted by themselves, and it is difficult to fully transfer when they are combined with conventional fibers. In order to solve the technical problems such as cohesion and the like, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction composite spinning method for film filamentation. In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

A type of film-filamentized friction composite spinning method, the short fiber sliver introduced from the can corresponding to each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine is fed through the feeding horn in turn by the rear roller, the rear rubber roller, the front The roller drafting area composed of the roller and the front rubber roller is drawn into a flat ribbon-shaped short fiber sliver. The carding area composed of the cover is carded into fiber flow, and the fiber flow is output through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel. Between the friction rollers, the twisted yarn is formed by the clockwise high-speed rotation of the friction roller, and the twisted yarn passes through the take-off roller, the yarn guide, and the winding groove in turn, and finally is wound into the bobbin. In this method, a film cutting and drafting device is arranged above the front roller jaws of each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine, and the film cutting and drafting device is drawn by a load-bearing roller, an unwinding roller, a cutting roller, and a silk thread. It is composed of roller, wire-drawing rubber roller and heater. The unwinding roller is provided with a cut-resistant ring, and the circumference of the cutting roller is provided with annular cutters arranged in parallel. A cutting area is formed between the cut-resistant ring and the cutting roller. The thread drafting roller is located under the thread drafting rubber roller. The vertical plane of the jaw line of the drafting roller coincides with the vertical plane of the cutting area and the vertical plane of the jaw line of the front roller, and the first drafting area of the silk thread is formed between the jaw of the thread drafting roller and the drafting area. , The second drafting area of the thread is formed between the jaw of the thread drafting roller and the jaw of the front roller, and a heater is arranged in the second drafting area of the thread, and the heating groove of the heater is connected to the jaw of the thread drafting roller. Line and front roller jaw line are parallel;

During composite spinning, the film unwound from the film package placed between the load-bearing roller and the unwinding roller enters the cutting area formed between the cut-resistant ring and the cutting roller through the unwinding roller, and the cutting is uniform. The spread ribbon-shaped multifilament, after the ribbon-shaped multifilament is output from the cutting area, enters the first drafting area respectively, and is drawn once in the first drafting area, and the ribbon-shaped multifilament after one drafting is drawn by the wire rod. The output from the jaws of the extension roller enters the second drafting zone, where it is heated in the heating tank of the heater and simultaneously subjected to secondary drafting. The short fiber sliver output from the drafting area of the roller of the spinning frame enters the carding area of the friction spinning machine together, and is combed into a composite fiber stream that is mixed with the segmented sliver and the short fiber stream, and the composite fiber flows through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel. Output, under the action of negative pressure suction of the inner tank inside a pair of friction rollers, it enters between the pair of friction rollers along the outer wall of the friction rollers, and is twisted to form a composite yarn by the clockwise high-speed rotation of the friction rollers , the twisted composite yarn is wound on the bobbin through the take-off roller, the yarn guide, and the winding groove drum.

The cut-resistant ring is a kind of ultra-high-strength polyethylene or aramid or ultra-high-strength rubber cutting-resistant material.

The distance between adjacent knife edges of the annular cutter is 0.1 to 3 mm.

Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, a film-filamentized friction composite spinning method of the present invention has the advantages that the present invention adopts the method before each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine. A film cutting and drafting device is set above the roller jaws, and a cutting area is formed between the cut-resistant ring of the film cutting device and the cutting roller, and the strip-shaped multifilaments are cut to form evenly spread and distributed. The conventional forming of silk fibers generally adopts the method of linear spray forming of the spinneret holes of the spinneret, which solves the problems of long process flow and complicated equipment in the conventional forming technology of filaments; The first drafting zone and the second drafting zone are drafted and refined, and the thickness of a single filament in the multifilament changes from micron to micronano, micronano to nanoscale, and nanoscale to smaller scale. At the same time, it improves the molecular orientation and crystallization inside the filament, increases the strength of the filament, and quickly realizes the high-efficiency output of uniform and consistent nano-micro filaments, avoiding the nano-spinning methods such as electrospinning and centrifugal spinning. Insufficient drafting in spinning production results in poor macromolecular arrangement and orientation in nanofibers, and nanofibers need to be further refined. A series of technical problems such as wear and tear, and inability to routinely spin and process. The strip-shaped multifilament after thinning enters the carding area of the friction spinning machine together with the short fiber sliver output from the roller drafting area of the friction spinning machine, and is carded into a composite fiber that is mixed with the segmented sliver and the short fiber stream. The flow is continuously output through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel. Under the action of negative pressure suction of the inner tank inside a pair of friction rollers, it enters between the pair of friction rollers along the outer wall of the friction rollers, and the friction rollers are clockwise at high speed. The composite yarn is formed by twisting and twisting under the action of rotation. Since the continuous output ribbon-shaped multifilament is carded to form segment-shaped filaments, the even distribution width is greater than the width of the short fiber stream, and the continuously output segment-shaped nano-micro filaments are evenly distributed during yarn formation. In the inner and outer layer structure of the entire yarn body, the continuous distribution of segment-shaped nano-micro filaments effectively enhances the strength of friction spinning, so that less short fibers can meet the cohesion conditions of friction spinning, and the count of friction spinning is increased, forming A fine and special friction composite yarn in which nano-micro filaments and short fiber whiskers are evenly mixed and twisted, solves the problem that friction composite spinning filaments, nano-fibers and conventional staple fibers are difficult to mix evenly and fully cohere and twist, and quickly realize the The one-step processing of filamentation, refinement, and friction and twisting of conventional textile staple fibers into composite yarns organically integrates the high-functional film industry with the textile and garment industry, expands the scope and field of textile raw materials, and breaks the "" The constraints of batch and high-speed processing required by the textile industrial application of nanofibers provide effective methods and approaches for functional films to be used to produce high-function, high-quality yarns and clothing fabrics. The method of the invention is convenient to operate and easy to be popularized and applied in a large area.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a film-filamentized friction composite spinning method of the present invention will be described in further detail.

see Attachment.

A type of film-filamentized friction composite spinning method, the short fiber sliver introduced from the can 10 corresponding to each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine is sequentially fed through the feeding horn into the back roller 13, the back glue The roller drafting area composed of the roller 11, the front roller 14 and the front rubber roller 12 is drawn into a flat strip of short fiber whiskers, and the short fiber whiskers are meshed by the front rubber roller 12 and the front roller 14. The front roller jaws Output, enter the carding area composed of the opening roller 15 and the cover, and open into a fiber flow, and the fiber flow is output through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel 16. A pair of friction spinning machine twisting area isolation groove 17 is provided The roller 18, the friction roller 18 is provided with an inner tank 19. This method adopts a film cutting and drafting device arranged above the front roller jaws of each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine, and the film cutting and drafting device is supported by the load. Roller 4, unwinding roll 5, cutting roll 6, thread-drawing roller 8, thread-drawing rubber roller 7, heater 9, spacer bar 2 is arranged between the bearing roller 4 and the unwinding roller 5, each Corresponding to the spacer bar 2 and the front rubber roller 12 of each drafting system of the friction spinning machine, the film material unwound from the effective limit type film and film package 1 smoothly enters each front roller pliers of the corresponding friction spinning machine. In the mouth, the unwinding roller 5 is provided with a cutting-resistant ring 3, and the cutting-resistant ring 3 is a kind of ultra-high-strength polyethylene or aramid or ultra-high-strength rubber cutting-resistant material, and the circumference of the cutting roller 6 is provided with parallel annular cutters. , the spacing between the adjacent knife edges of the annular cutter is 0.1 to 3 mm, the smaller the spacing between the adjacent knives of the annular cutter, the finer the fineness of the filaments formed after cutting and drafting. There are annular cutters arranged in parallel, the cut-resistant ring 3 corresponds to the edge of the annular cutter on the cutting roller 6, a cutting area is formed between the cutting-resistant ring 3 and the cutting roller 6, and the thread drafting roller 8 is located in the thread drafting roller 8. Below the rubber roller 7, the thread drafting roller 8 and the thread drafting rubber roller 7 are engaged to form the thread drafting roller jaw, the vertical surface of the thread drafting roller jaw line and the vertical surface of the cutting area, the front The vertical planes of the roller jaw lines overlap, the first drafting area is formed between the thread drafting roller jaws and the drafting area, and the thread first drafting area is formed between the thread drafting roller jaws and the front roller jaws. Two drafting zones, a heater 9 is arranged in the second drafting zone of the wire rod, and the heating groove of the heater 9 is parallel to the wire rod drafting roller jaw line and the front roller jaw line, and the heater 9 can adopt the Chinese patent disclosure No. CN201245734Y, published on 2009.05.27, the name of the invention is an ironing and spinning device, or use other forms of heating devices, such as resistance wire and other heating structures, when the electric heating structure is used, the heater 9 is connected to 24 -36 volt low voltage safety power supply;

During composite spinning, the inner tank 19 of the friction spinning machine is connected to an external negative pressure exhaust fan, so that the surface of the friction roller 18 corresponding to the suction port of the inner tank 19 can obtain negative pressure suction; Between the roller 4 and the unwinding roller 5, and between a pair of spacer rods 2, that is, there is a spacer rod 2 on each side of the film roll 1, and the film material is an organic polymer film material or an inorganic film material. Membrane material or organic-inorganic hybrid film material, the width of the film material is less than or equal to the width of the cutting area, and the thickness is less than or equal to 1 mm. ; The heater 9 is connected to a safety power supply through the lead wire, and the inner wall surface of the heating tank of the heater 9 is heated to 60-240 ° C. When the film material is an inorganic film material or an organic-inorganic mixed film material, the heater 9 is turned on without electricity. Heating, or energizing, only heats the inner wall surface of the heating tank of the heater 9 to 60 ° C, which only serves to facilitate the full extension of each filament in the ribbon-shaped multifilament after the filamentation of the filament. When the material is an organic polymer film material with obvious glass transition temperature, the thicker the film material, the higher the glass transition temperature of the film material, the higher the heating temperature; the thinner the film material, the lower the glass transition temperature, the higher the heating temperature. Low; the film material unwound from the film material package 1 placed between the bearing roller 4 and the unwinding roller 5 enters the cutting area formed between the cutting resistant ring 3 and the cutting roller 6 through the unwinding roller 5, Cut to form uniformly spread ribbon-shaped multifilaments, which effectively silken the film. The ribbon-shaped multifilaments obtained by silking are outputted from the cutting area, and then enter the first drafting area respectively, and receive a drawing in the first drafting area. The filament is stretched and stretched initially to prepare for the high-multiple drafting of the filament; the ribbon-shaped multifilament after one draft is output through the nipple of the filament drafting roller, and enters the second drafting zone. 9 heated in the heating tank, the polymer consolidation structure inside each filament in the multifilament with a significant glass transition temperature is loosened, and the filament is in a high elastic state. At the same time, it is subjected to secondary drawing. The ribbon-shaped multifilaments are output through the front roller jaws to thin the filaments, improve the molecular orientation and crystallization inside the filaments, and increase the strength of the filaments. It avoids nano-spinning methods such as electrospinning and centrifugal spinning, and solves the problem of "insufficient drafting in nano-spinning production, resulting in poor macromolecular alignment in nano-fibers, nano-fiber fineness needs to be further refined, and strength is too low. And the size needs to be further refined, which leads to a series of technical problems such as poor adhesion and durability, easy to wear off and fall off when coated on the fabric surface, and cannot be processed by conventional spinning. After the short fiber strands are merged, they enter the carding area of the friction spinning machine together, and the ribbon strands are carded into segment strands under the action of the surface sawtooth of the high-speed opening roller 15. The short fiber flow is combed into a short fiber flow and mixed to form a composite fiber flow. The composite fiber flows through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel 16 and is output. The wall surface enters between the pair of friction rollers 18, and the friction roller 18 rotates clockwise at high speed It is twisted to form a composite yarn; because the continuous output ribbon-shaped multifilament is carded to form a segment-shaped filament with a uniform distribution width greater than the width of the short fiber stream, under the action of the mechanism of rubbing the free end of the fiber to form a layered twisted yarn, the continuous The output segment-shaped nano-micro filaments are evenly distributed in the inner and outer layers of the entire yarn body when they are formed into yarn. The yarn cohesion conditions increase the friction spinning count, and form a fine and special friction composite yarn with nano-micro filaments and short fiber whiskers evenly mixed and twisted, which quickly realizes the silkening, thinning, and conventional The one-step processing of textile short fiber friction and twisting composite yarn organically integrates the high-functional film industry with the textile and garment industry, expands the scope and field of textile raw materials, and breaks the "batch and high-speed processing required by the industrial application of nanofibers in textiles." "Constraints, to provide effective methods and approaches for functional films to be used to produce high-function, high-quality friction spun yarns and clothing fabrics; the friction composite yarns formed by twisting are used in take-off rollers, yarn guides, and winding grooves. bobbin, and finally wound onto the bobbin.

The specific application of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the friction composite spinning process of the filamentation of the film materials of various materials.

Example 1

Using polyamide (nylon) mesh membrane silk and cotton fiber friction composite twisting into yarn.

The film material is a polyamide mesh film with a width of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm; the cut-resistant ring 3 is a high-strength polyethylene cut-resistant material; The distance between the heaters 9 is 0.1 mm; the heater 9 is connected to a 24-volt safety power supply through the lead wire, and the inner wall of the heating tank of the heater 9 is heated to 150 ° C; and the unwinding roller 5, the film material unwound from the film material package 1 enters the cutting area formed between the cut-resistant ring 3 and the cutting roller 6 through the unwinding roller 5, and is cut to form a uniformly spread strip-shaped complex. After the filaments and ribbon-shaped multifilaments are output from the cutting area, they enter the first drafting area and the second drafting area in turn, and are drawn once in the first drafting area. The first heating tank in the drafting zone is heated at 150°C, so that the macromolecules inside each filament in the ribbon-like multifilament are in a high elastic state, and the intermolecular consolidation structure in the polyamide filament is loosened, which can Carry out high and large drafting, the secondary drafting ratio is 35 times, and the ribbon-shaped multifilament after the secondary drafting is fed into the front roller jaws and output through the front roller jaws; After the sliver introduced in the can 10 is drawn 25 times by the roller drafting area, it is drawn into a flat ribbon-shaped short fiber sliver. The short fiber sliver is formed by the front rubber roller 12 and the front roller 14. The output of the mouth, after merging with the ribbon-shaped multifilament, enters the carding area of the friction spinning machine together, where the cotton fiber must be carded into a fiber stream, and the ribbon-shaped multifilament is under the action of the surface sawtooth of the high-speed opening roller 15. , the polyamide filaments that are carded into segments, the segmented polyamide filaments are mixed with the short fiber flow that is combed to form a composite fiber flow, and the composite fiber flow is output through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel 16. The inner tank 19 inside the friction roller 18 enters between the pair of friction rollers 18 along the outer wall of the friction roller 18 under the action of negative pressure suction, and is twisted to form a composite yarn by the clockwise high-speed rotation of the friction roller 18 ;Because the continuous output ribbon-shaped multifilaments are carded to form segmented filaments, the uniform distribution width is greater than the width of the short fiber stream, and the continuously output segmented polyamide filaments are evenly distributed in the inner and outer layers of the entire yarn body when they are formed into yarn. The continuous distribution of segment-shaped nano-micro filaments effectively enhances the strength of friction yarn, forming a friction composite yarn in which polyamide filaments and short fiber whiskers are evenly mixed and twisted. Yarn reel, winding groove drum, and finally winding onto the bobbin. The strength of the original nylon mesh film is 20.0cN, and the yarn strength obtained by spinning the sliver without feeding the nylon mesh film is 134.2cN, the elongation at break is 4.2%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 11.9. The Uster hairiness H value is 3.1; the yarn strength of the yarn obtained by spinning the nylon mesh film and the cotton fiber composite spinning is 176.7cN, the elongation at break is 5.9%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 11.2 , the Uster hairiness H value of the yarn is 2.9, it can be seen that the yarn quality of the composite yarn is improved, especially the yarn strength is greatly improved. Optical microscope observation of its size shows that a single filament is branched, continuous slender filament with a fineness of 926 nanometers, which realizes the friction composite yarn of nano-micro fine denier polyamide filament and conventional cotton fiber.

Example 2

Polysulfone (PSF) nanofiber membrane filamentation and wool fiber friction composite twisting into yarn.

The type membrane material is polysulfone (PSF) nanofiber membrane, the nanofiber fineness in the type membrane membrane material is 400-600 nanometers, which belongs to thermoplastic nanofiber membrane material, and the width of the membrane material is 20 mm and the thickness is 0.1 mm; The cutting-resistant ring 3 is made of aramid fiber; the distance between the adjacent knife edges of the annular cutter on the circumference of the cutting roller 6 is 3 mm; Heat to 240°C; place the formed PSF nanofiber film roll 1 between the bearing roll 4 and the unwinding roll 5, and the film unwound from the film roll 1 passes through the unwinding roll 5 and enters the The cutting area formed between the cutting ring 3 and the cutting roller 6 is cut to form uniformly spread ribbon-like multifilaments. In the first drafting zone, the first drafting ratio is 1.03 times, and it is heated at 150°C in the first heating tank in the second drafting zone, so that the inner height of each filament in the ribbon-shaped multifilament is high. The molecules are in a high elastic state, and the intermolecular consolidation structure inside the PSF thread is loosened, which enables high-stretching and large-scale drafting. The secondary drafting ratio is 35 times. In the roller jaws, it is output through the front roller jaws; the wool top is selected as 11.0g/5m, and the wool top introduced from the can 10 is drawn 22 times through the roller drafting area, and is drawn into a flat ribbon-shaped short fiber whisker. The sliver, the short fiber sliver is output through the front roller jaw formed by the meshing of the front rubber roller 12 and the front roller 14, and after merging with the ribbon-shaped multifilament, it enters the carding area of the friction spinning machine together, where the wool fiber sliver is removed. Carded into fiber flow, the PSF thread in the ribbon multifilament is carded into segment-shaped PSF thread under the action of the surface sawtooth of the high-speed opening roller 15, and the segment-shaped PSF thread and carded into short fibers The flow is mixed to form a composite fiber flow, and the composite fiber flows through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel 16 and is output. Between the friction rollers 18, the friction roller 18 rotates at a high speed clockwise to form a composite yarn; because the continuous output ribbon-shaped multifilament is carded to form a segment-shaped PSF thread, the even distribution width is larger than that of the short fiber flow. The width of the continuously output segmented PSF filaments is evenly distributed in the inner and outer layers of the entire yarn body during yarn formation. The friction composite yarn is evenly mixed and twisted, and the spun friction composite yarn is wound on the bobbin through the take-off roller, the yarn guide, and the winding groove drum. The strength of the original PSF nanofiber membrane is 12.0cN, and the yarn strength obtained by spinning only the wool top without feeding the PSF nanofiber membrane is 157.2cN, the elongation at break is 6.8%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 13.2. The Uster hairiness H value is 5.7; the yarn strength of the yarn obtained by spun PSF nanofiber membrane after filamentation and wool fiber composite spinning is 215.2cN, the elongation at break is 8.0%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 12.5 , the Uster hairiness H value of the yarn is 4.0, which shows that the yarn quality of the friction composite yarn is high; a PSF thread is randomly taken out from the composite yarn body by untwisting, and its size is observed by an optical microscope. The results show that A single PSF filament is in the shape of a mesh belt continuous slender filament, with a width of about 1.0 mm and a thickness of about 0.04 mm. The friction composite yarn of conventional wool fiber; because part of the PSF thread is exposed and wrapped in the surface layer of the friction composite yarn body, compared with the surface of the corresponding ordinary wool yarn fabric, the composite yarn fabric surface of the present invention shows higher smoothness and softness. Degree and water repellency and other functions.

Example 3

Using inorganic copper film silk and ramie fiber friction composite twisting into yarn.

The film material is copper thin film, the width of the film material is 10 mm and the thickness is 0.06 mm; the cutting-resistant ring 3 is ultra-high-strength rubber; 1 mm; the heater 9 is connected to a 36-volt safety power supply through the lead wire, and the inner wall of the heating tank of the heater 9 is heated to 60 ° C; In between, the film material unwound from the film material package 1 enters the cutting area formed between the cut-resistant ring 3 and the cutting roll 6 through the unwinding roller 5, and is cut to form a uniformly spread ribbon-shaped multifilament. After the wire is output from the cutting area, it enters the first drafting area and the second drafting area in turn. In the first drafting area, it is drawn once. The first heating tank is heated at 60°C. Although the internal structure of the copper material cannot be loosened, it is helpful for the stretching and straightening of each thread in the ribbon-shaped multifilament. The secondary drafting ratio is 1.05 times. The ribbon-shaped multifilament after secondary drafting is fed into the jaws of the front roller and output through the jaws of the front roller; the ramie sliver is 15.0g/5m, and the ramie sliver introduced from the can 10 is drawn through the roller drafting area. After 27 times, it is drawn into a flat ribbon-shaped short fiber sliver. The short fiber sliver is output through the front roller jaw formed by the meshing of the front rubber roller 12 and the front roller 14. The carding area of the spinning machine, in which the ramie fiber strands are carded into a fiber stream, and the copper strands in the ribbon-shaped multifilament are carded into segment-shaped copper strands under the action of the surface sawtooth of the high-speed opening roller 15 The strips, the segmented copper wire strips are mixed with the carded ramie fiber flow to form a composite fiber flow. Under the action of wind, it enters between the pair of friction rollers 18 along the outer wall of the friction roller 18, and is twisted to form a composite yarn by the clockwise high-speed rotation of the friction roller 18; The uniform distribution width of the segmented copper wires is larger than the width of the short fiber stream, and the continuously output segmented copper wires are evenly distributed in the inner and outer layers of the entire yarn body during yarn formation, and the continuously distributed segmented copper wires effectively strengthen the Friction yarn strength, forming a friction composite yarn in which PSF strands and ramie fibers must be evenly mixed and twisted. superior. The strength of the original copper film is 127.3cN. The yarn strength obtained by spinning only ramie sliver without feeding copper film is 177.2cN, the elongation at break is 4.4%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 14.7. The special hairiness H value is 5.6; the yarn strength of the yarn obtained by spinning the copper film and ramie fiber composite spinning is 360.1cN, the elongation at break is 5.8%, and the CVm% of the yarn evenness is 13.0. The Uster hairiness H value is 4.0, which shows that the composite yarn has high yarn quality; a copper wire is randomly taken out from the composite yarn body by untwisting, and the shape and size of the monofilament are observed by an optical microscope. The results show that The copper wire strips are in the shape of continuous slender filaments in a belt type, with a width of about 0.75 mm and a thickness of about 0.05 mm; since part of the copper wire strips are exposed and wrapped on the surface of the composite yarn body, compared with the surface of the corresponding ordinary ramie yarn fabric, the present invention The surface of the composite yarn fabric has the functions of high smoothness and shielding electromagnetic waves.

Claims (3)

1. A type of film-filamentized friction composite spinning method, the short fiber sliver introduced from the can (10) corresponding to each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine is successively fed through the feeding horn and fed by the back roller. (13) The roller drafting area composed of the rear rubber roller (11), the front roller (14) and the front rubber roller (12) is drawn into a flat ribbon-shaped short fiber whisker, and the short fiber whisker passes through the front rubber roller (12) The front roller jaw formed by meshing with the front roller (14) is output, enters the carding area composed of the opening roller (15) and the cover, and is carded into a fiber flow, and the fiber flows through the fiber feeding channel (16) Under the action of the negative pressure suction of the inner tank (19) inside a pair of friction rollers (18), it enters between the pair of friction rollers (18) along the outer wall of the friction rollers (18), and receives The friction roller (18) rotates clockwise at a high speed to twist to form yarn, and the twisted yarn passes through the take-off roller, the yarn guide, and the winding groove in turn, and finally is wound on the bobbin, which is characterized in that : A film cutting and drafting device is arranged above the front roller jaws of each drafting mechanism of the friction spinning machine. The film cutting and drafting device consists of a bearing roller (4), an unwinding roller (5), and a cutting roller (6). , a wire drawing roller (8), a wire drawing rubber roller (7), and a heater (9), the unwinding roller (5) is provided with a cut-resistant ring (3), and the cutting roller (6) is on the circumference There are annular cutters arranged in parallel, and the cut-resistant ring (3) corresponds to the edge of the annular cutter on the cutting roller (6). The drawing roller (8) is located below the thread drafting rubber roller (7). The vertical surface of the jaw line coincides with the vertical surface of the cutting area and the vertical surface of the front roller jaw line. A second drafting area of the thread is formed between the jaws of the drafting roller and the jaw of the front roller. A heater (9) is arranged in the second drafting area of the thread. The heating groove of the heater (9) is connected to the thread drafting The roller jaw line and the front roller jaw line are parallel; During composite spinning, the film material unwound from the film material package (1) placed between the load-bearing roller (4) and the unwinding roller (5) is passed through the unwinding roller (5) into the cut-resistant ring ( 3) The cutting area formed between the cutting roller (6) is cut to form uniformly spread ribbon-shaped multifilaments. After outputting from the cutting area, the ribbon-shaped multifilaments enter the first drafting area respectively, and in the first drafting area After being drawn once, the ribbon-shaped multifilaments after being drawn once are output through the jaws of the thread drawing rollers, enter the second drawing area, and are heated in the heating tank of the heater (9), and at the same time are subjected to secondary drawing, The ribbon-shaped multifilaments after the secondary drafting are output through the front roller jaws, and enter the carding area of the friction spinning machine together with the short fiber whiskers outputted through the roller drafting area of the friction spinning machine, and are carded into segmented filaments. The composite fiber flow mixed with the short fiber flow, the composite fiber flow is output through the outlet end of the fiber feeding channel (16), and under the action of negative pressure suction of the inner tank (19) inside a pair of friction rollers (18), the composite fiber flows along the The outer wall surface of the friction roller (18) enters between the pair of friction rollers (18), and is twisted to form a composite yarn by the clockwise high-speed rotation of the friction roller (18), and the twisted composite yarn is drawn. Rollers, yarn guides, winding grooves and finally winding onto bobbins. 2. The friction composite spinning method of film filamentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cut-resistant ring (3) is a cut-resistant material of ultra-high-strength polyethylene or aramid or ultra-high-strength rubber a kind of. 3 . The friction composite spinning method of film filamentation according to claim 1 , wherein the distance between the adjacent knife edges of the annular cutter is 0.1 to 3 mm. 4 .