CN106899108A - For the bobbin of electric coil - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to achieve the advantages of coils wound with rectangular conductors also for coils made of thinner conductors and in particular to provide a device by means of which distributed coils can be produced in a simple, cost-effective and precise manner Two-layer winding or multi-layer winding, a coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) is proposed, which is determined for distributed coils (200; 211, 212) with the configuration of an electric machine as plug-in coils , 213, 214) at least one conductor to wind and accommodate at least one conductor, the plug-in coil is formed for loading into a pole, and the plug-in coil determines the stator (300) or rotor with a passing shaft Stator core and/or rotor core (301) of stator teeth or rotor teeth (303) separated from each other towards slots (302), wherein the former (100; 121; 122; 123; 124) has two slot sections ( 101, 102) and two wrapping head sections (107, 108), the two slot sections are constructed and determined for insertion into two In a continuous slot (302), two turn-up segments connect the slot segments (101, 102) to each other at the axial ends (103, 104, 105, 106) of the slot segments.

Description

Coil formers for electrical coils

technical field

The invention relates to a bobbin for a motor coil. Furthermore, the invention relates to a coil with such a former. The invention also relates to stators, rotors and electrical machines with such coils.

Background technique

A coil, a stator of a rotating electrical machine and a method for producing the coil are known from DE 10 2012 201 698 A1, wherein the coil is arranged in the stator and the stator has a plurality of slots arranged in the circumferential direction. The coil has a first winding section which is formed by edge-winding an electrically conductive rectangular wire into a hexagonal shape. The first winding section has two first slot inserts which are respectively arranged in two first slots spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. The first winding section also has two first coil end pieces, which are connected to the two first slot inserts. The first slot is included in the plurality of slots of the stator. The coil also has a second winding section formed by edge-winding an electrically conductive rectangular wire connected to the first winding section into a hexagonal shape. In this case, the second winding section has two second slot inserts which are each arranged in two second slots spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction. The second winding section also has two second coil end pieces, which connect the two second slot inserts. The second slot is included in the plurality of slots of the stator. The two winding sections are connected to each other and are stacked on top of each other in the radial direction of the stator. When inserting the coils into the slots, the windings will then not unravel while expanding the space between the first or second slot inserts. Furthermore, the coil 30 has a short length in the axial direction of the stator.

In this coil, the first and second coil end pieces respectively have two slanted regions which are connected to the ends of the first or second slot insert and respectively extend obliquely from these ends, and the first and The second coil end pieces each have a raised region formed between the beveled regions and connecting the beveled regions. The first or second slot insert and the coil end pieces, ie their beveled regions, together form a hexagonal shape viewed in the radial direction of the stator.

Each slot of the stator or stator core accommodates two slot inserts of two adjacent coils. In this state, the first beveled region of one of the first winding sections and the first slot insert are radially outward in the stator, ie on the radially outer side of the slot. The second inclined region of the associated first winding section and the second slot insert are inward in the radial direction of the stator, ie on the radially inner side of the slot. A raised region connecting the first and second sloped regions connects the radially outer side with the radially inner side. The second winding section connected to the associated first winding section is shaped and arranged in a corresponding manner, but wherein the slot inserts of the second winding section are in relation to the slot inserts of the first winding section in the stator The center is arranged offset by one slot in the circumferential direction, so that the slot inserts of the two winding sections of the coil are distributed over a total of four slots.

On this coil, the first and second winding sections are constructed in such a way that the long sides of the cross-sections of the rectangular leads of the first and second slot inserts arranged in the corresponding slots are at the circumference of the stator direction, and the short sides of the cross-section of the rectangular leads extend in the radial direction of the stator, whereby a so-called edge winding is required. This causes a strong bending of the rectangular wire at the transition between the slot insert and the beveled area, but especially in the beveled area, thereby increasing the risk of damage to the lead wire or damage to the electrical insulation surrounding the wire, for example the varnish danger. In this case, the long sides of the rectangular leads extend in the circumferential direction over the entire width of the slot, and the rectangular conductors, each associated with one of the winding sections, are stacked on top of each other in the radial direction of the stator. A coil formed with a rectangular wire thus has, among other advantages, a great mechanical strength.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to achieve the above-mentioned advantages also for coils wound from thinner or thinner conductors than the aforementioned rectangular wires. The technical problem underlying the invention is, inter alia, to provide a component by means of which a distributed two-layer winding or multilayer winding can be produced simply, cost-effectively and precisely.

The above-mentioned technical problem is solved by a coil former, which is designed to be wound with at least one conductor and accommodates at least one conductor, said at least one conductor being a distributed coil of an electrical machine designed as a plug-in coil at least one conductor, the plug-in coil is intended for installation in a stator core and/or a rotor core having stator teeth or rotor teeth forming poles separated from one another by axial slots, wherein the coil former has two slot areas segment and two wrapping head sections, the two slot sections are constructed and determined for insertion into two non-closely continuous slots in the circumferential direction of the stator and/or rotor, the two wrapping head sections The slot sections are connected to one another at the axial ends of the slot sections.

Therefore, the present invention proposes a coil former for distributed coils of an electrical machine. The coil former according to the invention is intended for the construction of plug-in coils for insertion into a stator core and/or a rotor core of a stator or a rotor of an electric machine. Thus, the stator and the rotor of the electrical machine can alternatively or simultaneously be configured with distributed coils together with the coil carrier according to the invention. A coil configured as a plug-in coil is sufficient to reach at least two stator or rotor teeth or slot intervals of a stator core or rotor core when inserted into a machine, that is to say is configured so as to surround two or more stator or rotor teeth and It is intended to form the coils which are inserted one above the other in the stator core and/or rotor core, ie inserted in the intended installed state.

Here, the axial direction denotes a direction predetermined by the axis of rotation of the electric machine. Furthermore, the axis of rotation of the machine is also the reference direction for specifying the circumferential direction coincident with the circumferential direction of the machine and the reference direction for the radial direction coincident with the radial direction of the machine perpendicular to the axis of rotation. By prescribing the intended insertion position of the coil former in the stator and/or rotor of the electrical machine, the generally known orientation designations of the reference machine are also unambiguously defined for designating the coil former according to the invention The structure and the direction name of the construct.

In the case of definitions based on the concepts above, grooves oriented at least almost in the axial direction or in a helix in the circumferential direction of the machine are denoted as axial grooves. The slots in the rotor core and/or stator core (also referred to simply as machine slots) preferably extend exactly in the axial direction of the machine, ie parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor and also parallel to the axis of symmetry of the stator and rotor. In a variant, the helical groove extends around the axis of rotation, preferably at a constant radial distance from the axis of rotation. However, with reference to the axial dimension of the stator and/or rotor, the twist of the helix, i.e. the slot, along the circumferential direction of the stator and/or rotor over the entire length of the stator and/or rotor is small, preferably small At least one order of magnitude, especially at least one power of ten. For reasons of simplicity, below, even in grooves configured with such helices, their longitudinal orientation is always indicated as extending in the axial direction.

The ends of the machine, the stator and/or the rotor or the stator core and/or the rotor core in the axial direction, ie in the direction of the axis of rotation, are denoted as their axial ends. Correspondingly, the axial ends of the coil former are those ends of the coil former which point in the axial direction of the machine or the stator and/or rotor when they are properly inserted into the electric machine or the stator and/or the rotor.

According to this conceptual definition, the axial ends of the slot sections are located on the axial ends of the stator core and/or rotor core, and the winding heads of the stator and/or rotor are located there. The turn-up section of the coil former is arranged in the turn-up in the intended insertion position of the coil former.

Compared to a production method in which the individual conductors are successively introduced into predetermined slots, the invention allows a significantly faster, simpler, cheaper and more precise production. The wrapping head can be designed to be reduced, and the insulation of the individual phases of the machine from one another is simplified and improved. This can be achieved in that one or more conductors are mounted on the coil former outside the stator core and/or rotor core, and the coil former together with the conductor or conductors is then fitted to the on the stator core and/or rotor core, i.e. fit into their slots. In this case, the spatial shape of the coil is predetermined by the coil former in the region of the groove and in the region of the winding head. This is particularly advantageous in the case of distributed coils lying one above the other in the stator core and/or rotor core in the intended installation position. In the embodiment according to the invention, these coils can also be wound mechanically with a high degree of automation, which saves costs and increases production quality. Here, a simple process reliable production process is given. For this purpose, all plug-in coils of the stator and/or rotor are preferably designed identically, that is to say on identically constructed coil formers, in order to achieve a further simplification of production and cost savings. Unlike when the conductor is introduced into the slot of the machine, the conductor is now no longer strongly bent and no frictional stress occurs. The conductor material is protected against damage to the conductor insulation, for example the insulating varnish. The manufacturing time is significantly reduced overall.

Advantageous refinements of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

According to a preferred refinement, the coil former according to the invention has a groove section configuration and/or a turn-up region which are designed for positionally precise accommodation and/or guiding and/or supporting and/or holding of at least one thin conductor segment design.

Here, the term thin conductor refers to a conductor whose cross-section is much smaller than the receiving cross-section of a coil former for a conductor or a plurality of such conductors, so that the plurality of conductors can be moved in the radial direction and/or Or the circumferential direction is accommodated next to each other in the accommodation cross-section of the coil former. In particular, the dimensions of the one or more conductors and of the receiving cross-section of the coil former are dimensioned in such a way that in the receiving cross-section of the coil former, adjacent to each other in the radial direction and/or in the circumferential direction At least 2 conductors, preferably at least 5 conductors are arranged. Particularly preferably, the conductor cross section is set to be small relative to the receiving cross section of the coil former for the conductor or conductors, ie the conductor cross section is 10 times smaller than the receiving cross section of the coil former.

The configuration of the slot section and/or the configuration of the winding head section of the coil former, which is intended for a positionally accurate receiving and/or guiding and/or supporting and/or holding, means that the slot section is designed in such a way that The segment and/or the turn-up section, ie the thin wire inserted, ie wound into the bobbin, is guided precisely in a defined manner in the bobbin along at least almost the entire extension of the slot section and the turn-up section. , a securely fixed position and shape, wherein, in an advantageous manner, sections of the conductor are optionally guided and/or supported and/or To keep, that is, to fix. As a result, a high copper filling factor is also achieved.

For this purpose, preferably, the cross-sectional dimensions of the slot section and/or the turnbuckle section, ie the width and height of the accommodation cross-section of the coil former, are set as the diameter or cross-sectional dimension (such as in particular the height) of the conductor and/or multiples of width).

Particularly preferably, the coil former according to the invention, advantageously made of an electrically insulating material, in particular plastic, is configured with a "U"-shaped profile which encloses and forms an at least approximately rectangular receiving cross section , where the open side of the "U" points outwards with respect to the winding direction of the former. In this case, the longitudinal extension of one or more conductors inserted into the receiving cross-section of the coil former, that is to say the direction of the current flowing in its conductors or their conductors when the coil is properly inserted into the Expressed as the winding direction of the bobbin. The circumferential direction in the groove section corresponds to the axial direction of the machine, and in the turnup section the circumferential direction extends substantially in the axial direction and in the axial direction. Correspondingly, when the open side of the "U" is directed in the circumferential direction of the machine in the trough section and in the circumferential direction of the machine and/or in the axial direction of the machine in the turnup section, the "U" The open side of is directed outwards with respect to the winding direction of the coil former. This refinement enables simple winding of the bobbin and provides good fixation of the conductors. In addition, sufficient breakdown distances or creepage distances between the coils and the stator core and/or rotor core are obtained for high voltages, or reliable electrical insulation of the coils stacked on top of one another is achieved.

In this case, the wall thickness of the material of the coil former is set very thin and the coil former is preferably arranged at least largely in the slot in the region of the slot section in a form-fitting manner, so that the contact between the coil and the stator core and/or the rotor is ensured. Good thermal bonding of the core.

In a further preferred embodiment of the coil former according to the invention, the outer cross-section of the slot section of the coil former is set to one-Nth of the receiving cross-section of the slot, wherein N=2, 3, 4 . . . ; preferably N=2. The configuration of one or more coil formers according to this embodiment advantageously achieves a very good utilization of the accommodation cross-section of the slots passing through the coil former, since the number N of slot sections through N coil formers The slots are completely filled and there is no unused receiving cross-sectional space of the slots in the assembled stator and/or rotor. In this case, N groove sections are preferably arranged in the groove only next to each other in the radial direction.

According to a preferred development of the bobbin according to the invention, each turn-up section of the bobbin is designed with two oblique sections and a connection connecting them at least approximately centrally in the circumferential direction in the area of the bobbin The bent section arranged between the slot sections, wherein the first slot section extends along the first radial plane, and the second slot section extends along the second radial direction concentric with the first radial plane The surfaces extend, and the coil former transitions from the first radial surface into the second radial surface in the region of the bent section.

The term radial surface here means a surface that extends around the axis of rotation of the machine at a constant radial distance from the axis of rotation of the machine. That is to say, it is a cylindrical surface or a cover extending concentrically to the axis of rotation or a cylinder extending concentrically to the axis of rotation.

One of the bent sections of each of the turnup sections of the bobbin respectively starts at least substantially, preferably precisely, along the radial plane (the associated slot section along this radial surface), mainly in the circumferential direction of the machine, and optionally additionally in the axial direction of the machine. In this case, the two oblique sections of the turning head section extend towards each other on two different radial faces and end in a region in which they adjoin each other along different radial faces, namely, In their extension, the same coordinates are realized in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction, but different radial coordinates are realized according to different radial planes. In this example, two oppositely extending oblique regions are connected by a knuckle region in which the extension of the turn-up section has a span from the oblique section and one of the radial faces. The direction of extension (this inclined section extends along the radial face), ie the direction of said inclined extension, is directed towards the further inclined section and the radial face (this further inclined section extends along the radial face Extension) across the inclined extension direction. That is to say, in the bending section, the aforementioned circumferential direction of the bobbin undergoes a spanning from one radial face to the other radial face and a turning from one oblique extension direction to the other oblique extension direction. If the oblique sections of the turner section are guided towards each other at least approximately symmetrically to each other at at least approximately the same angle with respect to the axial direction of the machine, the bending section connecting these oblique sections is at least approximately centrally along the circumference direction is located between the slot segments.

In other words, the coil former and thus the coil mounted thereon switch over, for example, from the first radial plane to the second radial plane in the bending section. The extension of the coil former in the winding direction is pivoted from the first radial plane to the second radial plane in the bending section. Here, for example, starting from the axis of rotation of the machine, the radius of the first radial surface is set larger than the radius of the second radial surface, so that it is intended to be inserted into the second part of the coil former of the stator core and/or rotor core. The section extending in one radial plane is farther from the axis of rotation than the section extending in the second radial plane of the coil former which is intended to be inserted into the stator core and/or rotor core. In this way, the coil formers with the conductors inserted into them can be placed on top of each other in the circumferential direction.

In further refinements, more than two radial faces can also be provided, in which the slot sections of the coil formers of different coils can be arranged in a different distribution, for example the first slots of a first coil former The sections are arranged in a first radial plane, the second slot sections of the first coil former are arranged in a second radial plane, the first slot sections of the second coil former are arranged in a third radial plane, the first The second slot section of the second coil former is arranged in the fourth radial plane, and so on.

An advantageous development of the coil former according to the invention is characterized in that the receiving cross section of the coil former has a first shape for receiving and/or guiding and/or supporting and/or holding at least one conductor in the slot section and for Accommodating and/or guiding and/or supporting and/or holding at least one conductor at least in the bending section of the turn-up section has a second shape, wherein in particular the second shape has a dimension in the radial direction of the machine that is larger than The dimension of the first profile in the radial direction and wherein, additionally preferably, the dimension of the second profile in the axial direction of the machine is smaller than the dimension of the first profile in the circumferential direction.

The profile of the cross-sectional area of the receiving cross-section is denoted here as the shape of the receiving cross-section of the coil former. Preferably, this is a rectangular cross-sectional area which is at least partially surrounded by the walls of the coil former, for example in the aforementioned "U" shape. In the groove section, the cross-sectional area has a first contour, in particular a first width and a first height, forming a first shape. According to the aforementioned development of the invention, the cross-sectional area is now at least in the bend section of the tumbler section, advantageously also in the oblique section of the tumbler section directly adjoining the bend section, with a predetermined The defined extent is extended so that the guiding of the conductor, in particular in the bend section and thus the bend, can be better taken care of. The widening leads to a relaxation of the conductor guide and the bend required for it in the bend section. Expansion means in particular a widening of the accommodation cross-section in the radial direction of the machine, whereby the aforementioned bends of the conductor are reduced. In this case, the axial narrowing that can be achieved by widening the receiving cross-section in the radial direction of the machine, for example, the shortening of the sides of the "U" shape is provided in such a way that the overall cross-sectional area is at least Remain almost unchanged so that a constant number of conductors can be accommodated. The defined guidance of the conductors, such as the coil leads, through the bobbin can be in the region of the rolling head, especially in the axially furthest protruding bending section Achieving coil former and then the structural form shortened in the axial direction of the winding head section of the stator and/or rotor of the machine. Here, it is only allowed to implement the change of the accommodation cross-section to the following extent, that is, adjacently, that is, in phase Coil formers inserted one above the other into the stator core and/or rotor core do not collide in the region of the overlapping.

The above-mentioned technical problem is also solved by a coil intended for incorporation into an electrical machine, which is characterized in that it has a former of the above-mentioned type on which a conductor, in particular a thin conductor as defined according to the above-mentioned concept contained and guided. Such a coil can be produced in a simple manner and can be installed in the stator core and/or the rotor core and also has all the advantages described for the coil carrier according to the invention.

In an advantageous development of the coil according to the invention, at least two electrically parallel conductors are wound, in particular bifilar, on the coil former. The invention makes it possible to wind the coils of the individual phases of the electric machine as well as the parallel coils of a phase in parallel, thereby also reducing the production time. Furthermore, a simple and precise construction and production of the parallel windings of the machine can be achieved, wherein the magnetic fluxes for both windings coincide during machine operation. Furthermore, the effect of the skin effect can be limited during operation with such a design.

The above-mentioned technical problem is also solved by a stator of an electric machine, which has a stator core with at least one coil of the above-mentioned type arranged thereon, ie with a coil former of the embodiment described above. The stator according to the invention can be constructed in a simple, durable and reliable manner and can be manufactured in a simple manner, since the winding is achieved only by inserting prefabricated coils wound onto the coil carrier according to the invention, and thus can be Windings are performed quickly and with high manufacturing quality.

The above-mentioned technical problem is also solved by a rotor of an electrical machine, which is characterized by having a rotor core with at least one coil of the above-mentioned type arranged thereon, wherein the same as in the above-mentioned stator is obtained Advantages for manufacturing and production.

The above-mentioned technical problem is finally solved by an electric machine with a stator and/or rotor of the above-mentioned type and with the above-mentioned features and advantages.

Description of drawings

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and described in detail below, wherein identical elements are assigned the same reference numerals in all the figures and a repeated description of these elements is omitted. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 shows an example of a coil according to the invention wound onto a bobbin according to the invention, in a second view in a direction largely close to the radial direction of the machine on which it is intended to be equipped. a stereogram;

2 shows an example of the coil according to the invention and the coil former according to the invention according to FIG. Two stereograms;

FIG. 3 shows a partial perspective view of an example of a stator core, into slots of which a coil according to the invention according to FIG. 1 or 2 is inserted;

4 shows a cutaway perspective view of an example of a stator core according to FIG. 3 , into slots of which four coils according to the invention according to FIG. 1 or 2 are inserted one above the other;

FIG. 5 shows an example of a stator core with four coils according to FIG. 4 in a top view in the axial direction of the machine;

FIG. 6 shows an example of a bobbin according to the invention, onto which the coil is wound in the view of FIG. 1 , closer to the machine than in the direction of sight of the first perspective view according to FIG. 1 a third perspective view of the line-of-sight direction in the radial direction;

FIG. 7 shows an example of a stator core for an electric machine completely equipped with coils according to the invention configured according to FIG. 1 .

detailed description

In FIG. 1 , an example for a bobbin equipped according to the invention is indicated with reference numeral 100 , onto which a coil 200 according to the invention is wound. The coil 200 and the coil former 100 are shown in a first perspective view in a first viewing direction illustrated by the arrow indicated by A in FIG. 2 . The viewing direction A largely approximates the radial direction of the machine, which is intended to be equipped with the coil, but is rotated by approximately 20 to 30 degrees in each case in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction of the machine. Here, the viewing direction A points outwards from the axis of rotation of the machine.

The bobbin 100 includes a linearly extending first slot section 101 and a linearly extending second slot section 102 . The first groove section 101 has a first axial end 103 and a second axial end 104 . In the same way, the second groove section 102 has a first axial end 105 and a second axial end 106 . In this case, the first axial end 103 or 105 of the first or second slot section 101 or 102 rests against the stator core and/or the rotor core of the machine when the coil former 100 is properly installed in the machine. The end on the first axial end, while the second axial end 104 or 106 of the first or second slot section 101 or 102 rests against the machine when the bobbin 100 is properly inserted into the machine. The end portion on the second axial end portion of the stator core and/or rotor core. In the view of FIG. 1 , the first axial end of the machine is pointing to the left and the second axial end of the machine is pointing to the right.

The winding heads of the stator and/or rotor are located on the first and second axial ends of the machine. The turn-up is formed by the winding former 100 , which is arranged adjacently in the stator and/or the rotor, in the intended insertion point of the coil former 100 , with the turn-up section of the coil 200 wound thereon. Accordingly, the bobbin 100 has at its first axial end (located on the first axial end of the machine in the intended insertion position) a first turn-up section 107 and at its At the second axial end of the machine, which abuts against the second axial end of the machine, there is a second turn-up section 108 in the prescribed insertion point.

The first turnup section 107 of the bobbin 100 comprises a first inclined section 109 which is connected on one side to the first axial end 103 of the first slot section 101 and a second inclined section 110 , It adjoins on one side to the first axial end 105 of the second groove section 102 . On the other side, the first oblique section 109 and the second oblique section 110 of the first tip section 107 are connected to each other via a first kink section 111 . Correspondingly, the second turn-up section 108 of the bobbin 100 comprises a first inclined section 112 which is connected on one side to the second axial end 104 of the first groove section 101 and comprises a second inclined region Section 113 , which is connected on one side to the second axial end 106 of the second groove section 102 . On the other side, the first oblique section 112 and the second oblique section 113 of the second tip section 108 are connected to each other via a second kink section 114 .

2 and the view described here of the coil former 100 as well as the direction of sight illustrated by the arrow B in FIG. It can be seen that the first groove section 101, the first inclined section 109 of the first wrapper section 107 and the first inclined section 112 of the second wrapper section 108 are along the first radial direction The faces extend, the first radial face extending in a first radius around the axis of rotation of the machine. The second groove section 102, the second inclined section 110 of the first tumbler section 107 and the second inclined section 113 of the second tumbler section 108 extend along a second radial plane, which Extends in a second radius about the axis of rotation of the machine. The first radius, i.e. the radius of the first radial face, measured from the axis of rotation of the machine, is greater than the second radius, i.e. the radius of the second radial face, so that the coil former 100 of the stator core and/or rotor core is inserted as required Sections 101 , 109 , 112 running in a first radial plane correspond to sections 102 , 110 , 113 running in a second radial plane of coil former 100 , which are intended to be inserted into the stator core and/or rotor core. farther than the axis of rotation. The radial planes are explained below in conjunction with FIG. 5 .

The coil former 100 and the coil 200 mounted therein transition between the first and second radial planes in the bent sections 111 and 114 . If the winding direction 115 of the bobbin 100 is selected clockwise in the view of FIG. face in. That is to say that the extension of the coil former 100 in the aforementioned direction of rotation is deflected from the second radial plane into the first radial plane in the first bending section 111 . Viewed in the same direction of rotation, the coil former 100 and thus the coil 200 mounted therein are switched from the first radial plane back to the second radial plane along their further extension in the second bending section 114 . noodle. That is to say that the extension of the coil former 100 in the mentioned direction of rotation turns from the first radial plane back to the second radial plane in the second bending section 114 .

In this case, the longitudinal extension of one or more conductors inserted into the receiving cross-section of the coil former 100 , that is to say the flow in the one or more conductors during the intended use of the coil 200 formed with the one or more conductors The direction of the current flow is denoted as the winding direction 115 of the coil former 100 .

The coil former 100 is formed as a ring-shaped shell in the direction of rotation 115 of a thin-walled insulating material with a “U”-shaped cross section perpendicular to the direction of rotation 115 . The housing encloses a rectangular cross section with three sides of the "U", which is designed to receive one or more conductors and forms the receiving cross section. The open fourth side of the "U" is directed outwards as seen in the annular circumferential direction of the shell. Via the open side, one or more conductors are simply inserted into the receiving cross-section of the coil former 100 . In the illustrations of FIGS. 1 and 2 , the coil 200 is arranged in a receiving cross section.

The receiving cross-section of the coil former has a first shape along the slot sections 101 , 102 and the inclined sections 109 , 110 , 112 , 113 , which has a constant constant in the circumferential direction 115 in the radial direction of the machine. width, i.e., have the same "U" clearance between the lateral sides, and have always the same height in the axial direction of the machine, i.e., have the same "U" Length to the sides. In contrast, in the bending sections 111 , 114 the width increases, which is shown in particular in FIG. 2 with the second bending section 114 , and the height decreases, which is especially shown in FIG. Fold sections 111 , 114 are shown, whereby the receiving cross-section assumes the second shape there. This makes it easier to guide one or more conductors through the bent sections 111 , 114 and/or a height reduction of the coil 200 in the machine axial direction can be achieved.

In the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2 , thin coil wires, for example round wires, are chosen as conductors. Thin rectangular wires are also possible. The term “thin” here means a conductor cross-section that is small relative to the receiving cross-section, in particular at least 10 times smaller. Correspondingly, a thin-walled shell means that the thickness dimension of the wall of the shell is several times smaller than the height or width of the receiving cross section, preferably likewise at least 10 times smaller.

In Figures 1 and 2, the coil 200 is shown simplified as being wound from a single conductor. Parallel windings with two or more conductors, for example double wires, are likewise possible. The connection ends 201 of the conductors and thus the coils 200 wound by the conductors are led out of the first oblique section 112 of the second turn-up section 108 of the bobbin 100 therefrom. This is particularly space-saving for the construction of a machine constructed with such a coil 200 , since it helps to keep its winding ends short in the axial direction.

3 shows a cut-away perspective view of an example of a stator core 301 of a stator 300 of an electric motor, into which a coil 200 according to the invention according to FIG. middle. The stator core 301 of this example has a total of 48 slots, the numbering of the slots being illustrated in FIG. 3 by the numbers 1, 3, 6 and 47 marked on the associated slots 302 . The slot 302 has a receiving cross section for the slot sections 101 , 102 of the coil former 100 with the coil 200 which is twice as large as the outer cross section of the slot sections 101 , 102 of the coil former 100 , ie The outer cross section of the slot sections 101 , 102 of the bobbin 100 is set to be as large as one-Nth of the accommodation cross section of the slot 302 , and N=2. In this case, exactly two slot sections 101 or 102 of two adjacent coil formers 100 or coils 200 are inserted into each of the slots 302 . Here, the first slot section 101 of the coil former 100 is arranged at the slot bottom along a first radial plane, ie radially on the outside towards the stator core 301 , opposite the second slot section 102 of the coil former 100 Along the second radial plane, it is arranged adjacent to the interior of the stator core 301 and thus the opening of the slot 302 towards the axis of rotation of the machine, that is to say radially inward in the slot 302 . Here, the first slot section 101 of the bobbin 100 with the coil 200 is inserted into the slot 302 with the numeral 1, the second slot section 102 of the bobbin 100 with the coil 200 is inserted into the In slot 302 with the number 3. That is to say, the coil former 100 and the coil 200 extend over two slot distances or two stator teeth 303 . Also shown is the position of the inclined section 112 , 113 along the first or second radial plane and the span between the first and second radial plane in the region of the second bent section 114 . The radial faces will still be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 5 .

In FIG. 4, a partial perspective view of an example of the stator core 301 of the stator 300 according to FIG. 122 , 123 , 124 are placed in the slot 302 , and each of the four coils 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 is wound on the four bobbins respectively. All four coil formers 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 are constructed identically to each other and in accordance with the coil former 100 of FIGS. 1 to the coil 200 of FIG. 3 . Four coil formers 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 or four coils 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 are inserted one above the other into slots 302 of stator core 301 . For this purpose, the first slot section of the first coil former 121 is inserted along the first radial plane into the first slot 302 with reference numeral 1, and the second slot section of the first coil former 121 is inserted along the second The two radial faces engage in a third groove 302 with reference number 3 . The first slot section of the second bobbin 122 is inserted along the first radial plane into the second slot 302 marked 2, and the second slot section of the second bobbin 122 is inserted along the second radial direction The surface is inserted into the fourth groove 302 with reference number 4 . The first slot section of the third bobbin 123 is inserted along the third radial plane into the third slot 302 with reference numeral 3, and the second slot section of the third bobbin 123 is inserted along the second radial plane. The surface is inserted into the fifth groove 302 with reference number 5 . Finally, the first slot section of the fourth bobbin 124 is inserted along the first radial plane into the fourth slot 302 with reference numeral 4 and the second slot section of the fourth bobbin 124 is inserted along the second The radial surface engages in a sixth groove 302 designated with reference number 6 . This sequence continues around the entire stator core 301 and all the 48 slots 302 formed in the stator core in the example. The radial faces will still be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 5 .

Due to the same shape of the coil formers 121, 122, 123, 124 as the coil former 100, their bent sections, seen in the circumferential direction of the machine after being installed in the stator core 301, are as crossed by the relevant coil formers. The slots 302 are opposite, ie axially in front of these slots. Therefore, the bent section of the first bobbin 121 is located, for example, in the axial direction before the slot 302 marked with 2, and the bent section of the second bobbin 122 is located, for example, in the axial direction with the slot 302 marked with 3. Before, wait. The oblique sections connected to each other by means of bent sections are opposite, ie axially in front of, the stator teeth 303 adjoining said slots 302 in the circumferential direction of the machine with the main part of their extension. Thus, for example, the first inclined section of the first coil former 121 is located in the first axial plane in front of the stator teeth 303 between the slots 302 with reference numerals 1 and 2, and the second inclined section of the first coil former 121 The section is located in the second axial plane before the stator teeth 303 between the slots 302 with reference numerals 2 and 3 . Furthermore, in this example, the first inclined section of the second coil former 122 is located in the first axial plane in front of the stator teeth 303 between the slots 302 with numbers 2 and 3, and the second coil former 122 The second oblique section of is located in the second axial plane in front of the stator tooth 303 between the slots 302 with reference numerals 3 and 4 . In the case where the first and second coil formers 121, 122 are stacked on top of each other, the first inclined section of the second coil former 122 along the first radial plane and the first coil former 122 along the second radial plane The second inclined section of 121 intersects in front of the stator teeth 303 between the slots 302 with numbers 2 and 3 . In this way, one of such intersections is located before one of the stator teeth 303 , and a bent section is located before each slot 302 . A compact construction is achieved by the uniform distribution of the sections of the turn-up sections of the coil formers 121 , 122 in the circumferential direction of the machine.

This arrangement is shown again in a plan view in the axial direction of the machine in FIG. 5 , wherein FIG. 5 also illustrates the same arrangement as in FIG. 4 . Furthermore, in FIG. 5 the first radial plane is symbolically represented as a circular arc segment and is designated with the reference numeral 311 . It forms a cylinder with a radius 312 not shown from the axis of rotation of the machine. Furthermore, a second radial surface 321 with a radius 322 is symbolically illustrated in the same manner. The radius 322 of the second radius surface 321 is smaller than the radius 312 of the first radius surface 311 by the width of the outer cross section of the slot section of the coil former 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 . It is shown that the coil formers 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 switch from their extension along the first radial face 311 to their extension along the second radial face 321 in the bending section, and at the The position of the bent section before the slot 302 and the position of the bent section before the stator tooth 303 .

FIG. 6 shows an example of a bobbin 100 according to FIG. 1 onto which the coil 200 in the view of FIG. A third perspective view of the line of sight direction towards the direction. Here, firstly, the at least almost rectangular receiving cross-section of the coil former 100 configured in the form of a "U" for one or more conductors of the coil 200 is shown, which is formed by the "U" shape. Outlined and formed, wherein the open side of the “U” points outwards with respect to the winding direction 115 of the coil former 100 . Advantageously, the coil former is made of an electrically insulating material, in particular plastic. It is also shown that the "U" profile of the coil former 100 has a different shape in the bent sections 111, 114 than in the slot sections 101, 102 and raised areas 109, 110, 112, 113, wherein " The sides of the U” profile are shortened.

Finally, FIG. 7 shows a complete view of a stator 300 with a stator core 301 and all 48 coils 200 or 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , configured as coil formers 100 or 121 , 122 , 123, 124 as distributed plug-in coils and in a fully equipped manufacturing state

list of reference signs

100 bobbins

101 100's first slot section

102 100 second tank section

103 The first axial end of 101

104 The second axial end of 101

105 The first axial end of 102

106 Second axial end of 102

107 100's first roll header section

108 100's second volume header section

109 107's first slope section

The second inclined section of 110 107

The first bending section of 111 107

112 108 first inclined section

The second inclined section of 113 108

The second bending section of 114 108

115 Surround direction

121 211 of the first bobbin

123 211 second bobbin

123 211 of the third bobbin

124 211 for the fourth bobbin

200 coils

201 Connection end of 200 or connection end of conductor forming 200

The first coil of 211 121

Second coil of 212 122

The third coil of 213 123

The fourth coil of 214 124

300 stator

301 300 stator core

Slot in 302 301

303 301 stator teeth

311 First radial plane

Radius of 312 311

321 Second radial plane

Radius of 322 321

A The first line of sight direction in Figure 1

B The second line of sight direction in Figure 2

Claims (10)

1. A coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124), said coil former is determined for winding and accommodates at least one conductor, said at least one conductor being designed as a plug-in coil, distributed At least one conductor of a coil (200; 211, 212, 213, 214) of the type, said plug-in coil is determined to be installed on a stator tooth or a rotor tooth ( 303) in the stator core and/or rotor core (301), wherein the former (100; 121; 122; 123; 124) has two slot sections (101, 102) and two wrapper sections (107, 108), said slot segments are constructed and determined for insertion into two slots (302) that are not directly continuous in the circumferential direction of said stator (300) and/or rotor, said roll A collar section connects the trough sections (101, 102) to one another at the axial ends (103, 104, 105, 106) of the trough sections. 2. The bobbin (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, The bobbin has slot sections (101, 102) and/or turnbuckle sections (107, 108) which are determined to accommodate and/or guide and/or support and/or hold at least one thin conductor in position. ) design scheme. 3. The bobbin (100; 121 , 122, 123, 124) according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that, The outer cross-section of the slot section (101, 102) of the bobbin (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) is set to one-Nth of the accommodation cross-section of the slot (302), wherein N=2 , 3, 4...; preferably N=2. 4. The bobbin (100; 121 , 122, 123, 124) according to claim 1 , 2 or 3, It is characterized in that, - each turn-up section (107, 108) of said bobbin (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) is configured with two inclined sections (109, 110, 112, 113) and a bend A section (111, 114) which connects two inclined sections and is at least approximately centrally in the circumferential direction in the region of the coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) arranged between said trough segments (101, 102), - a first slot section (101) of said slot sections (101, 102) extends along a first radial face (311), and a second slot section (102) extends along a extending towards a second radial face (321) concentric with the face (311), - and said former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) transitions from said first radial plane (311) to said second radial plane in the region of said bent section (111, 114) Facing (321). 5. The bobbin (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, It is characterized in that, The accommodation cross-section of the coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) is designed to accommodate and/or guide and/or support and/or hold at least one conductor in the slot section (101, 102), has a first shape and has a second configuration for accommodating and/or guiding and/or supporting and/or holding at least one conductor at least in the bending section (111, 114) of the winder section (107, 108) Two shapes, wherein in particular the second shape has a larger dimension in the radial direction of the machine than the first shape in the radial direction, and wherein, additionally preferably, the second shape is The dimension in the axial direction of the machine is smaller than the dimension of the first profile in the circumferential direction of the machine. 6. A coil (200; 211, 212, 213, 214) determined for incorporation into an electric motor, It is characterized in that, The coil has a coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124) according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, in which conductors, especially thinner conductors, are accommodated and guide. 7. The coil (200; 211, 212, 213, 214) according to claim 6, It is characterized in that, At least two electrically parallel conductors are wound onto the coil former (100; 121, 122, 123, 124), in particular bifilar. 8. A stator (300) of a motor, It is characterized in that, The stator has a stator core (301) with at least one coil (200; 211, 212, 213, 214) arranged thereon according to claim 6 or 7. 9. A rotor of a motor, It is characterized in that, The rotor has a rotor core with at least one coil (200; 211, 212, 213, 214) arranged thereon according to claim 6 or 7. 10. A motor, It is characterized in that, The electrical machine has a stator (300) according to claim 8 and/or a rotor according to claim 9.