CN106850200B - A security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency - Google Patents
A security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法、系统及终端,方法包括:数字货币客户端向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,接收区块链在身份及请求验证通过后返回对应的客户信息;根据客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;安全芯片根据客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,通过可信执行环境向数字货币客户端输出数字货币钱包地址;数字货币客户端向区块链发送数字货币钱包地址,使区块链根据数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;数字货币客户端接收区块链发送的数字证书后,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求使安全芯片安装数字证书;通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。
The invention discloses a security method, system and terminal for using blockchain-based digital currency. The method includes: the digital currency client sends a request to apply for a digital certificate to the blockchain, and the receiving blockchain returns a request after the identity and request verification pass. Corresponding customer information; according to the customer information, send a digital certificate application to the security chip through the trusted execution environment; the security chip generates a key pair and digital currency wallet address based on the customer information, and outputs digital currency to the digital currency client through the trusted execution environment Wallet address; the digital currency client sends the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain can obtain a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address; after the digital currency client receives the digital certificate sent by the blockchain, it passes the trusted The execution environment sends a digital certificate installation request to the security chip to make the security chip install the digital certificate; through the security chip and the trusted execution environment, the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet is improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通讯技术领域,特别涉及一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法、系统及终端。The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency.
背景技术Background technique
在目前的比特币系统里,比特币地址是一套非对称密钥中的公钥,这对密钥通过椭圆算法生成。用户账户的地址和私钥都保存在比特币钱包(即数字货币钱包)文件中,私钥由比特币客户端软件进行加解密运算。目前基于区块链技术的数字货币钱包技术都是基于比特币,可归类为:网页钱包、多重签名钱包、桌面钱包、移动端钱包。In the current Bitcoin system, the Bitcoin address is the public key in a set of asymmetric keys, which are generated by the elliptic algorithm. The address and private key of the user account are stored in the Bitcoin wallet (that is, the digital currency wallet) file, and the private key is encrypted and decrypted by the Bitcoin client software. Currently, digital currency wallet technologies based on blockchain technology are all based on Bitcoin, which can be classified into: web wallets, multi-signature wallets, desktop wallets, and mobile wallets.
由于整个比特币系统的去中心化和匿名性,数字货币钱包一旦丢失,数字货币钱包里所有地址保存的比特币就有可能被盗走。比特币一旦被盗取,就不能被找回。因此,需要保证数字货币钱包的安全。而现有的数字货币钱包解决方案都是在线备份私钥形成备份数字货币钱包,尽管采取了诸多安全措施来保障应用和数据的安全,但众多的攻击案例和系统漏洞表明,这样仍不能保证数字货币钱包中数字货币的安全。因此,如何保证基于区块链的数字货币的安全,是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。Due to the decentralization and anonymity of the entire bitcoin system, once the digital currency wallet is lost, the bitcoins stored in all addresses in the digital currency wallet may be stolen. Once bitcoins are stolen, they cannot be retrieved. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the security of digital currency wallets. The existing digital currency wallet solutions all back up the private key online to form a backup digital currency wallet. Although many security measures have been taken to ensure the security of applications and data, numerous attack cases and system vulnerabilities show that this still cannot guarantee the security of digital currency wallets. Security of digital currency in currency wallet. Therefore, how to ensure the security of blockchain-based digital currency is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法、系统及终端,通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency, and improve the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet through a security chip and a trusted execution environment.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法,所述安全方法包括:In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a security method using blockchain-based digital currency, the security method comprising:
数字货币客户端向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使所述区块链根据所述请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向所述数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;The digital currency client sends a request to apply for a digital certificate to the block chain, so that the block chain performs user identity and request verification according to the request and returns corresponding customer information to the digital currency client after the verification is passed;
所述数字货币客户端根据所述客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;The digital currency client sends a digital certificate application to the security chip through a trusted execution environment according to the customer information;
所述安全芯片根据所述客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过所述可信执行环境向所述数字货币客户端输出所述数字货币钱包地址;The security chip generates a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, and outputs the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through the trusted execution environment;
所述数字货币客户端向所述区块链发送所述数字货币钱包地址,使所述区块链根据所述数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;The digital currency client sends the digital currency wallet address to the block chain, so that the block chain obtains a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address;
所述数字货币客户端接收所述区块链发送的所述数字证书后,通过所述可信执行环境向所述安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;After the digital currency client receives the digital certificate sent by the blockchain, it sends a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
所述安全芯片根据所述数字证书安装请求安装数字证书。The security chip installs a digital certificate according to the digital certificate installation request.
可选的,所述安全芯片根据所述客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,包括:Optionally, the security chip generates a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, including:
所述安全芯片根据所述客户信息生成私钥,并利用所述私钥生成公钥;The security chip generates a private key according to the customer information, and uses the private key to generate a public key;
利用哈希算法对所述公钥进行处理得到公钥哈希,并根据所述公钥哈希生成数字货币钱包地址。A hash algorithm is used to process the public key to obtain a public key hash, and a digital currency wallet address is generated according to the public key hash.
可选的,安装数字证书之后,还包括:Optionally, after installing the digital certificate, also include:
发送方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到摘要信息,并从所述安全芯片中获取发送方私钥;The sender's digital currency client calculates the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm in the trusted execution environment to obtain summary information, and obtains the sender's private key from the security chip;
所述发送方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下将所述摘要信息以及所述发送方私钥,利用加密算法生成数字签名,并将所述数字签名以及所述交易数据原文发送到所述区块链中。The sender's digital currency client uses the encryption algorithm to generate a digital signature with the summary information and the sender's private key under the trusted execution environment, and sends the digital signature and the original text of the transaction data to in the blockchain.
可选的,当接收方数字货币客户端从所述区块链中获取所述数字签名以及所述交易数据原文之后,还包括:Optionally, after the receiver's digital currency client obtains the digital signature and the original text of the transaction data from the blockchain, it further includes:
接收方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下将所述交易数据原文利用所述预定哈希算法计算得到第一摘要信息;The recipient's digital currency client calculates the original text of the transaction data using the predetermined hash algorithm in the trusted execution environment to obtain the first summary information;
所述接收方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下根据发送方公钥,利用解密算法对所述数字签名进行解密得到第二摘要信息;The receiver's digital currency client uses a decryption algorithm to decrypt the digital signature according to the sender's public key in the trusted execution environment to obtain the second summary information;
当所述第一摘要信息与所述第二摘要信息一致时进行交易。A transaction is performed when the first summary information is consistent with the second summary information.
可选的,当发送方数字货币客户端或接收方数字货币客户端处于离线状态下时,还包括:Optionally, when the sender's digital currency client or the receiver's digital currency client is offline, it also includes:
所述发送方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下进行交易数据信息认证以及数据校验后向接收方数字货币客户端发送交易申请;The sender's digital currency client sends a transaction application to the receiver's digital currency client after performing transaction data information authentication and data verification in the trusted execution environment;
所述接收方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下接收并核实所述交易申请后向所述发送方数字货币客户端返回确认信息,并更新交易记录;The receiver's digital currency client returns confirmation information to the sender's digital currency client after receiving and verifying the transaction application in the trusted execution environment, and updates the transaction record;
所述发送方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下更新交易记录;The sender's digital currency client updates transaction records under the trusted execution environment;
所述发送方数字货币客户端和所述接收方数字货币客户端在网络状态满足条件时向所述区块链同步所述交易记录,使所述区块链与对应第三方服务器同步所述交易记录。The sender's digital currency client and the receiver's digital currency client synchronize the transaction records with the block chain when the network status meets the conditions, so that the block chain and the corresponding third-party server synchronize the transaction Record.
可选的,所述数字货币客户端的获取方式包括:Optionally, the acquisition method of the digital currency client includes:
获取在所述安全芯片中预置所述数字货币客户端可执行程序并进行安装,或通过在线下载数字货币客户端可执行程序并进行安装。Pre-installing the executable program of the digital currency client in the security chip, or downloading the executable program of the digital currency client online and installing it.
本发明还提供一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统,包括:The present invention also provides a security system using blockchain-based digital currency, including:
数字货币客户端,用于向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使所述区块链根据所述请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向所述数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;根据所述客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;向所述区块链发送所述数字货币钱包地址,使所述区块链根据所述数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;接收所述区块链发送的所述数字证书后,通过所述可信执行环境向所述安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;The digital currency client is used to send a request to apply for a digital certificate to the block chain, so that the block chain performs user identity and request verification according to the request and returns the corresponding client to the digital currency client after the verification is passed. information; according to the customer information, send a digital certificate application to the security chip through a trusted execution environment; send the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain can be authenticated from the digital currency wallet address according to the The center obtains a digital certificate; after receiving the digital certificate sent by the block chain, sends a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
所述安全芯片模块,用于根据所述客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过所述可信执行环境向所述数字货币客户端输出所述数字货币钱包地址;根据所述数字证书安装请求安装数字证书;The security chip module is used to generate a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, and output the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through the trusted execution environment; according to the digital currency The certificate installation request installs a digital certificate;
所述可信执行环境模块,用于提供可信执行环境。The trusted execution environment module is used to provide a trusted execution environment.
可选的,所述数字货币客户端还包括:Optionally, the digital currency client also includes:
交易发送单元,用于在所述可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到摘要信息,并从所述安全芯片中获取发送方私钥;将所述摘要信息以及所述发送方私钥,利用加密算法生成数字签名,并将所述数字签名以及所述交易数据原文发送到所述区块链中;The transaction sending unit is used to calculate the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm in the trusted execution environment to obtain summary information, and obtain the private key of the sender from the security chip; party’s private key, use an encryption algorithm to generate a digital signature, and send the digital signature and the original text of the transaction data to the block chain;
交易接收单元,用于在所述可信执行环境下将所述交易数据原文利用所述预定哈希算法计算得到第一摘要信息;根据发送方公钥,利用解密算法对所述数字签名进行解密得到第二摘要信息;当所述第一摘要信息与所述第二摘要信息一致时进行交易。The transaction receiving unit is configured to use the predetermined hash algorithm to calculate the original text of the transaction data in the trusted execution environment to obtain the first summary information; according to the sender's public key, use the decryption algorithm to decrypt the digital signature Obtaining second summary information; performing a transaction when the first summary information is consistent with the second summary information.
可选的,所述数字货币客户端还包括:Optionally, the digital currency client also includes:
离线交易发送单元,用于在所述可信执行环境下进行交易数据信息认证以及数据校验后向接收方数字货币客户端发送交易申请;并在所述接收方数字货币客户端在所述可信执行环境下接收并核实所述交易申请后,接收所述接收方数字货币客户端返回确认信息,并更新交易记录;An offline transaction sending unit, configured to send a transaction application to the receiver's digital currency client after performing transaction data information authentication and data verification under the trusted execution environment; After receiving and verifying the transaction application in the letter execution environment, receive the confirmation information returned by the receiver's digital currency client, and update the transaction record;
离线交易同步单元,用于当数字货币客户端在网络状态满足条件时向所述区块链同步所述交易记录,使所述区块链与对应第三方服务器同步所述交易记录。The offline transaction synchronization unit is used for synchronizing the transaction records with the block chain when the network state of the digital currency client meets the conditions, so that the block chain and the corresponding third-party server will synchronize the transaction records.
本发明还提供一种终端,包括:The present invention also provides a terminal, including:
数字货币客户端处理器,用于向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使所述区块链根据所述请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向所述数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;根据所述客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;向所述区块链发送所述数字货币钱包地址,使所述区块链根据所述数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;接收所述区块链发送的所述数字证书后,通过所述可信执行环境向所述安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;The digital currency client processor is used to send a request to apply for a digital certificate to the block chain, so that the block chain performs user identity and request verification according to the request and returns a corresponding certificate to the digital currency client after the verification is passed. customer information; according to the customer information, send a digital certificate application to the security chip through a trusted execution environment; send the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain can use the digital currency wallet address according to the Obtain a digital certificate from a certification center; after receiving the digital certificate sent by the blockchain, send a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
所述安全芯片,用于根据所述客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过所述可信执行环境向所述数字货币客户端输出所述数字货币钱包地址;根据所述数字证书安装请求安装数字证书;The security chip is used to generate a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, and output the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through the trusted execution environment; according to the digital certificate Install requests to install digital certificates;
可信执行环境处理器,用于提供所述可信执行环境。A trusted execution environment processor, configured to provide the trusted execution environment.
本发明所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法,所述安全方法包括:数字货币客户端向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使所述区块链根据所述请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向所述数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;所述数字货币客户端根据所述客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;所述安全芯片根据所述客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过所述可信执行环境向所述数字货币客户端输出所述数字货币钱包地址;所述数字货币客户端向所述区块链发送所述数字货币钱包地址,使所述区块链根据所述数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;所述数字货币客户端接收所述区块链发送的所述数字证书后,通过所述可信执行环境向所述安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;所述安全芯片根据所述数字证书安装请求安装数字证书;The security method for using blockchain-based digital currency provided by the present invention, the security method includes: the digital currency client sends a request to apply for a digital certificate to the blockchain, so that the blockchain performs user verification according to the request. Identity and request verification and return corresponding customer information to the digital currency client after the verification is passed; the digital currency client sends a digital certificate application to the security chip through a trusted execution environment according to the customer information; the security The chip generates a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, and outputs the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through the trusted execution environment; the digital currency client sends the block The chain sends the digital currency wallet address, so that the block chain obtains a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address; after the digital currency client receives the digital certificate sent by the block chain, it passes The trusted execution environment sends a digital certificate installation request to the security chip; the security chip installs a digital certificate according to the digital certificate installation request;
可见,由于安全芯片既具备硬件防篡改性,同时具备软件的安全加密功能,可信执行环境具备一定的硬件保护能力;因此该安全方法通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。即将软件和可信硬件平台结合,为数字货币钱包提供完整的安全保障。本发明还提供一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统及终端,具有上述有益效果,在此不再赘述。It can be seen that since the security chip has both hardware tamper-proof modification and software security encryption function, the trusted execution environment has a certain hardware protection capability; therefore, this security method improves the blockchain digital currency wallet through the security chip and trusted execution environment. security. The combination of software and trusted hardware platform provides complete security for digital currency wallets. The present invention also provides a security system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency, which have the above beneficial effects and will not be repeated here.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.
图1为本发明实施例所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法的流程图;Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a security method using blockchain-based digital currency provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例所提供的数字货币客户端初始化的过程示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the initialization process of the digital currency client provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例所提供的私钥与数字货币钱包地址的映射关系示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mapping relationship between a private key and a digital currency wallet address provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例所提供的数字货币客户端交易使用的过程示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the process of using the digital currency client transaction provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例所提供的数字货币客户端离线使用的过程示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the offline use process of the digital currency client provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例所提供的数字货币客户端整体使用示意图;Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall use of the digital currency client provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统的结构框图;FIG. 7 is a structural block diagram of a security system using blockchain-based digital currency provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例所提供的一种终端的结构框图。FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的核心是提供一种使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法、系统及终端,通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。The core of the present invention is to provide a security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency, and improve the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet through a security chip and a trusted execution environment.
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本实施例的具体实现包括三层:最底层是一个既具备硬件防篡改性,同时具备软件的安全加密的安全芯片,(例如SE);中间层,可信执行环境(例如TEE)具备一定的硬件保护能力,同时在对比最底层安全单元这个级别,不具备硬件防可篡改性,是一个较为低成本的安全架构。最上层是开放式操作系统层,只有软件保护能力,安全保护的级别是最低的,也是下载安装后的数字货币客户端所在层。本实施例在此结构上可以实现提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。具体请参考图1,图1为本发明实施例所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法的流程图;所述安全方法可以包括:The specific implementation of this embodiment includes three layers: the bottom layer is a security chip with both hardware tamper-proof modification and software security encryption (such as SE); the middle layer, the trusted execution environment (such as TEE) has certain Hardware protection capability, and compared with the lowest level of security units, it does not have hardware tamper-resistant modification, which is a relatively low-cost security architecture. The top layer is the open operating system layer, which only has software protection capabilities, and the lowest level of security protection. It is also the layer where the digital currency client is downloaded and installed. Based on this structure, this embodiment can improve the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet. Please refer to FIG. 1 for details. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a security method using blockchain-based digital currency provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the security method may include:
S100、数字货币客户端向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使区块链根据请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;S100, the digital currency client sends a request to apply for a digital certificate to the blockchain, so that the blockchain performs user identity and request verification according to the request, and returns corresponding customer information to the digital currency client after the verification is passed;
S110、数字货币客户端根据客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;S110. The digital currency client sends a digital certificate application to the security chip through the trusted execution environment according to the customer information;
S120、安全芯片根据客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过可信执行环境向数字货币客户端输出数字货币钱包地址;S120. The security chip generates a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to the customer information, and outputs the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through a trusted execution environment;
S130、数字货币客户端向区块链发送数字货币钱包地址,使区块链根据数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;S130, the digital currency client sends the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain obtains a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address;
S140、数字货币客户端接收区块链发送的数字证书后,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;S140. After receiving the digital certificate sent by the blockchain, the digital currency client sends a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
S150、安全芯片根据数字证书安装请求安装数字证书。S150. The security chip installs the digital certificate according to the digital certificate installation request.
其中,这里的数字货币钱包可以理解为数字货币客户端,用户进行比特币交易时离不开数字货币客户端,因此在使用数字货币时首先要下载并安装数字货币客户端。本实施例并不限定下载安装数字货币客户端的具体方式,其可以根据不同终端进行适应性选择,以提高数字货币客户端的适应性。优选的,数字货币客户端的获取方式可以包括:获取在安全芯片中预置数字货币客户端可执行程序并进行安装,或通过在线下载数字货币客户端可执行程序并进行安装。即数字钱包应用可以在安全芯片(例如SE)中预置也可以通过在线下载方式安装。Among them, the digital currency wallet here can be understood as a digital currency client, and users cannot do without the digital currency client when conducting bitcoin transactions, so when using digital currency, they must first download and install the digital currency client. This embodiment does not limit the specific way of downloading and installing the digital currency client, which can be adaptively selected according to different terminals, so as to improve the adaptability of the digital currency client. Preferably, the method of obtaining the digital currency client may include: obtaining and installing the executable program of the digital currency client preinstalled in the security chip, or downloading the executable program of the digital currency client online and installing it. That is, the digital wallet application can be pre-installed in the security chip (such as SE) or installed through online downloading.
具体的,本实施例S100至S150可以实现数字货币钱包初始化过程,该数字货币钱包的初始化相比现有技术中其数字货币客户端进行初始化仅在最上层开放式操作系统层完成相比更加安全。本实施例中初始化过程在终端中数据交互过程均在可信执行环境下完成。且有关于数字货币使用的数字证书安装和密钥对的生成均在安全性很高的安全芯片中完成。即在整个数字货币钱包的初始化过程中三层各自发挥其最主要的功能,共同对数字货币客户端进行保护。从而可以从根本上阻止外界攻击,进而提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。Specifically, S100 to S150 of this embodiment can realize the digital currency wallet initialization process, and the initialization of the digital currency wallet is safer than the initialization of the digital currency client in the prior art, which is only completed at the top open operating system layer. . In this embodiment, the initialization process and the data interaction process in the terminal are all completed under the trusted execution environment. Moreover, the installation of digital certificates and the generation of key pairs related to the use of digital currency are all completed in a highly secure security chip. That is, during the initialization process of the entire digital currency wallet, the three layers each play their most important functions and jointly protect the digital currency client. In this way, external attacks can be fundamentally prevented, thereby improving the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet.
下面可以通过图2举例说明上述过程:在图2中安全芯片为SE,其控制过程由SE安全服务应用实现,图2中的数字货币客户端位于移动终端中。The above-mentioned process can be illustrated below by using Figure 2: in Figure 2, the security chip is SE, and its control process is implemented by the SE security service application, and the digital currency client in Figure 2 is located in the mobile terminal.
初始化时,首先由用户通过数字货币客户端向区块链提交申请数字证书的请求,区块链商业银行节点进行客户的身份认证与请求验证,在由SE安全服务应用生成密钥对并出输出数字货币钱包地址(也可以简称为钱包地址);由用户通过数字货币客户端向商业银行节点上传送该数字钱包地址,商业银行依据钱包地址来颁发数字证书,在这个过程中,SE安全负责密钥的生成与证书的安装。During initialization, the user first submits a request for digital certificate application to the blockchain through the digital currency client, and the blockchain commercial bank node performs the customer's identity authentication and request verification, and the SE security service application generates a key pair and outputs Digital currency wallet address (also called wallet address for short); the user transmits the digital wallet address to the commercial bank node through the digital currency client, and the commercial bank issues a digital certificate based on the wallet address. During this process, SE Security is responsible for the encryption Key generation and certificate installation.
进一步为了提高数字货币钱包地址的安全性。本实施例中数字货币钱包地址是公钥的不可逆映射。即可选的,安全芯片根据客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址可以包括:Further in order to improve the security of the digital currency wallet address. In this embodiment, the digital currency wallet address is an irreversible mapping of the public key. That is, optionally, the security chip generates a key pair and a digital currency wallet address based on customer information may include:
安全芯片根据客户信息生成私钥,并利用私钥生成公钥;The security chip generates a private key based on customer information, and uses the private key to generate a public key;
利用哈希算法对公钥进行处理得到公钥哈希,并根据公钥哈希生成数字货币钱包地址。The hash algorithm is used to process the public key to obtain the public key hash, and the digital currency wallet address is generated according to the public key hash.
具体的,请参考图3,由数字货币钱地址即钱包地址可以映射到公钥哈希,但是由公钥哈希并不能映射获得公钥,且由公钥也不能映射得到私钥。这样的设置可以进一步保护私钥的安全性。从而提高数字货币的安全性。Specifically, please refer to Figure 3. The digital currency money address, that is, the wallet address, can be mapped to the public key hash, but the public key cannot be mapped to the public key, and the public key cannot be mapped to the private key. Such a setting can further protect the security of the private key. Thereby improving the security of digital currency.
基于上述技术方案,本发明实施例提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法,由于安全芯片既具备硬件防篡改性,同时具备软件的安全加密功能,可信执行环境具备一定的硬件保护能力;因此该安全方法通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性。即将软件和可信硬件平台结合,为数字货币钱包提供完整的安全保障。Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention provides a security method using blockchain-based digital currency. Since the security chip has both hardware tamper-proof modification and software security encryption function, the trusted execution environment has certain hardware protection. Capability; therefore, this security method improves the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet through a security chip and a trusted execution environment. The combination of software and trusted hardware platform provides complete security for digital currency wallets.
基于上述实施例,在成功安装数字证书之后,即完成了数字货币客户端的初始化之后,数字货币钱包的使用过程即交易过程(例如可以包括如何生成数字签名以及验签等过程),该过程还可以包括:Based on the above-mentioned embodiments, after the digital certificate is successfully installed, that is, after the initialization of the digital currency client is completed, the process of using the digital currency wallet is the transaction process (for example, it may include how to generate a digital signature and verify the signature, etc.). include:
发送方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到摘要信息,并从安全芯片中获取发送方私钥;The sender's digital currency client calculates the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm in a trusted execution environment to obtain summary information, and obtains the sender's private key from the security chip;
发送方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下将摘要信息以及发送方私钥,利用加密算法生成数字签名,并将数字签名以及交易数据原文发送到区块链中。The sender's digital currency client uses the encryption algorithm to generate a digital signature with the digest information and the sender's private key in a trusted execution environment, and sends the digital signature and the original transaction data to the blockchain.
当接收方数字货币客户端从区块链中获取数字签名以及交易数据原文之后,还包括:After the receiver's digital currency client obtains the digital signature and the original transaction data from the blockchain, it also includes:
接收方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到第一摘要信息;The receiver's digital currency client calculates the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm in a trusted execution environment to obtain the first summary information;
接收方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下根据发送方公钥,利用解密算法对数字签名进行解密得到第二摘要信息;The receiver's digital currency client uses the decryption algorithm to decrypt the digital signature according to the sender's public key in a trusted execution environment to obtain the second summary information;
当第一摘要信息与第二摘要信息一致时进行交易。A transaction is performed when the first summary information matches the second summary information.
具体的,通过上述可以看出该交易过程中数据交互也都是在可信执行环境下进行的,从而不仅在数字货币客户端的初始化过程对数字货币钱包进行保护,还在交易过程中持续对数字货币钱包进行保护,从而可以提高数字货币的安全性,保证用户的财产安全。且有关于密钥对的信息都需要与安全芯片进行交互获得,进而从根本上保护了数字货币的安全性。本实施例并不对具体的预定哈希算法进行限定,只要发送方和接收方使用的同一种哈希算法即可。本实施例也比对加密算法和解密算法的具体内容进行限定,只要加密算法和解密算法为一对配套算法即可。Specifically, it can be seen from the above that the data interaction in the transaction process is also carried out in a trusted execution environment, so that not only the digital currency wallet is protected during the initialization process of the digital currency client, but also the digital currency wallet is continuously protected during the transaction process. The currency wallet is protected, which can improve the security of digital currency and ensure the safety of users' property. And all the information about the key pair needs to be obtained through interaction with the security chip, thus fundamentally protecting the security of the digital currency. This embodiment does not limit the specific predetermined hash algorithm, as long as the sender and the receiver use the same hash algorithm. This embodiment also limits the specific content of the encryption algorithm and the decryption algorithm, as long as the encryption algorithm and the decryption algorithm are a pair of matching algorithms.
下面可以通过图4举例说明上述过程:图4中的原文即交易数据原文,摘要即摘要信息,Hash算法即哈希算法。图4中的数字货币客户端位于移动终端中The above process can be illustrated in the following figure 4: the original text in Figure 4 is the original text of the transaction data, the summary is the summary information, and the Hash algorithm is the hash algorithm. The digital currency client in Figure 4 is located in the mobile terminal
在交易数据传输前,发送方将原文按照约定的Hash算法计算得到摘要,并使用自己的私钥(从安全芯片获取)对摘要进行加密得到数字签名,与原文一起发送给接收方,接收方使用相同的Hash算法对原文计算摘要,然后与使用发送方的公钥对数字进行解密得到的摘要进行对比。Before the transaction data is transmitted, the sender calculates the original text according to the agreed Hash algorithm to obtain a summary, and uses its own private key (obtained from the security chip) to encrypt the summary to obtain a digital signature, and sends it to the receiver together with the original text, and the receiver uses The same Hash algorithm calculates the digest of the original text, and then compares it with the digest obtained by decrypting the number with the sender's public key.
基于上述技术方案,本发明实施例提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法,通过安全芯片、可信执行环境提高区块链数字货币钱包的安全性,且在进行交易时必要数据的获取均依赖于可信执行环境和安全芯片,使得交易过程也受到三层结构的实时保护,从而提高数字货币的安全性。Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention provides a security method using a blockchain-based digital currency, which improves the security of the blockchain digital currency wallet through a security chip and a trusted execution environment, and the security of the necessary data during transactions Acquisition relies on a trusted execution environment and a security chip, so that the transaction process is also protected by a three-tier structure in real time, thereby improving the security of digital currency.
基于上述任意实施例,由于现有的数字货币钱包只能在线进行交易,这种方式在通信出现瓶颈时,影响交易效率。本实施例能够实现现有的数字货币钱包不具备的离线交易功能,满足数字货币数据以及交易安全、便捷的需求。本实施例中,当发送方数字货币客户端或接收方数字货币客户端处于离线状态下时,该方法可以包括:Based on any of the above embodiments, since the existing digital currency wallets can only conduct transactions online, this method will affect the transaction efficiency when there is a communication bottleneck. This embodiment can realize the offline transaction function that the existing digital currency wallet does not have, and meet the security and convenience requirements of digital currency data and transactions. In this embodiment, when the digital currency client of the sender or the digital currency client of the receiver is offline, the method may include:
发送方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下进行交易数据信息认证以及数据校验后向接收方数字货币客户端发送交易申请;The sender's digital currency client sends a transaction application to the receiver's digital currency client after performing transaction data information authentication and data verification in a trusted execution environment;
接收方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下接收并核实交易申请后向发送方数字货币客户端返回确认信息,并更新交易记录;After receiving and verifying the transaction application in a trusted execution environment, the receiver's digital currency client returns confirmation information to the sender's digital currency client and updates the transaction record;
发送方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下更新交易记录;The sender's digital currency client updates the transaction records in a trusted execution environment;
发送方数字货币客户端和接收方数字货币客户端在网络状态满足条件时向区块链同步交易记录,使区块链与对应第三方服务器同步交易记录。The sender's digital currency client and the receiver's digital currency client synchronize transaction records to the blockchain when the network status meets the conditions, so that the blockchain and the corresponding third-party server synchronize the transaction records.
其中,网络状态满足条件时可以是网络状态良好,或者是存在安全且信号强的网络。本实施例并不对此进行限定。这里的网络状态的检测可以是实时进行,也可以定期进行。本实施例并不对此进行限定。用户可以根据自身需求进行设定,也可以手动进行网络状态的检测。这里的交易申请可以是指包含交易信息的唯一数字货币数据串。Wherein, when the network status satisfies the condition, it may be that the network status is good, or there is a safe network with a strong signal. This embodiment does not limit it. The detection of the network status here may be performed in real time or periodically. This embodiment does not limit it. Users can set according to their own needs, or manually detect the network status. The transaction application here may refer to a unique digital currency data string containing transaction information.
具体的,在离线状态下,发送方和接收方两者之间可以进行交易,并在交易完成时在两者对应的数字货币客户端更新交易记录,即记录下该次交易的详细情况。以便后续在网络状态允许的情况下,使有关第三方可以获取该交易记录。以满足有关第三方对交易信息的管理。例如监管方对交易信息的监管,银行等对交易信息的核实以及及时执行等。即本实施例实现了数字货币的离线交易,使得数字货币交易不再依赖于网络,提高用户使用的便捷程度。Specifically, in an offline state, transactions can be conducted between the sender and the receiver, and when the transaction is completed, the transaction records are updated on the corresponding digital currency clients of the two, that is, the details of the transaction are recorded. In order to allow the relevant third party to obtain the transaction record if the network status permits. To meet the management of transaction information by relevant third parties. For example, regulators supervise transaction information, banks, etc. verify transaction information and implement it in a timely manner. That is, this embodiment realizes the offline transaction of digital currency, so that the transaction of digital currency no longer depends on the network, and improves the convenience of users.
下面请参考图5举例说明上述数字货币钱包离线交易过程:图5中的数字货币客户端位于移动终端中。Please refer to FIG. 5 to illustrate the above offline transaction process of the digital currency wallet: the digital currency client in FIG. 5 is located in the mobile terminal.
在交易过程中,交易双方终端处于离线状态,即只有发送方和接收方参与。交易发送方发起交易并进行身份认证(可以理解为包含了交易信息的认证过程)、数据校验等操作,接收方接受并核实交易请求后返回确认信息,双方更新交易记录文件。检测网络状态,在网络状态良好的时候,不定期读取交易记录文件,并通过区块链与商业银行服务器进行交易同步,并更新维护本地交易记录。During the transaction, the terminals of both parties are offline, that is, only the sender and receiver participate. The transaction sender initiates the transaction and performs identity authentication (which can be understood as the authentication process including transaction information), data verification and other operations. The receiver accepts and verifies the transaction request and returns confirmation information, and both parties update the transaction record file. Detect the network status, read the transaction record file from time to time when the network status is good, and synchronize the transaction with the commercial bank server through the blockchain, and update and maintain the local transaction record.
进一步,本实施例还可以进行交易查询等操作。具体请参考图6,其整体使用过程可以包括:应用的安装下载、应用初始化、应用的使用等。数字货币客户端在进行密钥对生成,加密过程,解密过程,签名验证等都在可信执行环境下进行。区块链和终端以及第三方之间(例如图6中的商业银行)都可以进行证书申请,交易,查询等数字货币操作。Further, in this embodiment, operations such as transaction inquiry can also be performed. Please refer to FIG. 6 for details. The overall usage process may include: installation and download of the application, initialization of the application, use of the application, and the like. The digital currency client performs key pair generation, encryption process, decryption process, signature verification, etc. in a trusted execution environment. Digital currency operations such as certificate applications, transactions, and inquiries can be performed between the blockchain and terminals, as well as third parties (such as commercial banks in Figure 6).
基于上述技术方案,本发明实施例提的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法,通过构建应用软件-TEE-SE三层技术架构,将软硬件平台相结合,为数字货币客户端提供完成的安全保障。且实现了数字货币离线交易。使得用户可更加方便、安全的进行数字货币交易。Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a security method using a blockchain-based digital currency. By building an application software-TEE-SE three-layer technical architecture, the software and hardware platforms are combined to provide digital currency clients with complete security. And realize the offline transaction of digital currency. It enables users to conduct digital currency transactions more conveniently and safely.
下面对本发明实施例提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统及终端进行介绍,下文描述的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统及终端与上文描述的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法可相互对应参照。The following is an introduction to the security system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency provided by the embodiment of the present invention. The security system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency described below are the same as those described above using blockchain-based The security methods of digital currencies can be referred to each other.
请参考图7,图7为本发明实施例所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全系统的结构框图;该安全系统可以包括:Please refer to Figure 7, Figure 7 is a structural block diagram of a security system using blockchain-based digital currency provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the security system may include:
数字货币客户端100,用于向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使区块链根据请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;根据客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;向区块链发送数字货币钱包地址,使区块链根据数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;接收区块链发送的数字证书后,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;The digital currency client 100 is used to send a request to apply for a digital certificate to the block chain, so that the block chain performs user identity and request verification according to the request and returns corresponding customer information to the digital currency client after the verification is passed; according to the customer information , send a digital certificate application to the security chip through a trusted execution environment; send the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain can obtain a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address; after receiving the digital certificate sent by the blockchain, Send a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
安全芯片模块200,用于根据客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过可信执行环境向数字货币客户端输出数字货币钱包地址;根据数字证书安装请求安装数字证书;The security chip module 200 is used to generate a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to customer information, and output the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through a trusted execution environment; install the digital certificate according to the digital certificate installation request;
可信执行环境模块300,用于提供可信执行环境。The trusted execution environment module 300 is configured to provide a trusted execution environment.
基于上述实施例,数字货币客户端100还可以包括:Based on the above embodiments, the digital currency client 100 may also include:
交易发送单元,用于在可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到摘要信息,并从安全芯片中获取发送方私钥;将摘要信息以及发送方私钥,利用加密算法生成数字签名,并将数字签名以及交易数据原文发送到区块链中;The transaction sending unit is used to calculate the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm to obtain summary information in a trusted execution environment, and obtain the sender's private key from the security chip; generate the summary information and the sender's private key using an encryption algorithm Digital signature, and send the digital signature and the original transaction data to the blockchain;
交易接收单元,用于在可信执行环境下将交易数据原文利用预定哈希算法计算得到第一摘要信息;根据发送方公钥,利用解密算法对数字签名进行解密得到第二摘要信息;当第一摘要信息与第二摘要信息一致时进行交易。The transaction receiving unit is used to calculate the original text of the transaction data using a predetermined hash algorithm in a trusted execution environment to obtain the first summary information; according to the sender's public key, use the decryption algorithm to decrypt the digital signature to obtain the second summary information; A transaction is performed when the first summary information is consistent with the second summary information.
基于上述实施例,数字货币客户端100还可以包括:Based on the above embodiments, the digital currency client 100 may also include:
离线交易发送单元,用于在可信执行环境下进行交易数据信息认证以及数据校验后向接收方数字货币客户端发送交易申请;并在接收方数字货币客户端在可信执行环境下接收并核实交易申请后,接收该接收方数字货币客户端返回确认信息,并更新交易记录;The offline transaction sending unit is used to send a transaction application to the receiver's digital currency client after performing transaction data information authentication and data verification in a trusted execution environment; After verifying the transaction application, receive the confirmation message returned by the receiver's digital currency client, and update the transaction record;
离线交易同步单元,用于当数字货币客户端在网络状态满足条件时向区块链同步交易记录,使区块链与对应第三方服务器同步交易记录。The offline transaction synchronization unit is used for synchronizing transaction records with the block chain when the network status of the digital currency client meets the conditions, so that the block chain and the corresponding third-party server can synchronize transaction records.
请参考图8,图8为本发明实施例所提供的一种终端的结构框图;该终端可以包括:Please refer to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of a terminal provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the terminal may include:
数字货币客户端处理器10,用于向区块链发送申请数字证书的请求,使区块链根据请求进行用户身份及请求验证并在验证通过后向数字货币客户端返回对应的客户信息;根据客户信息,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书申请;向区块链发送数字货币钱包地址,使区块链根据数字货币钱包地址从认证中心获取数字证书;接收区块链发送的数字证书后,通过可信执行环境向安全芯片发送数字证书安装请求;The digital currency client processor 10 is used to send a request to apply for a digital certificate to the block chain, so that the block chain performs user identity and request verification according to the request and returns corresponding customer information to the digital currency client after the verification is passed; Customer information, send a digital certificate application to the security chip through the trusted execution environment; send the digital currency wallet address to the blockchain, so that the blockchain can obtain a digital certificate from the certification center according to the digital currency wallet address; receive the digital certificate sent by the blockchain After that, send a digital certificate installation request to the security chip through the trusted execution environment;
安全芯片20,用于根据客户信息生成密钥对以及数字货币钱包地址,并通过可信执行环境向数字货币客户端输出数字货币钱包地址;根据数字证书安装请求安装数字证书;The security chip 20 is used to generate a key pair and a digital currency wallet address according to customer information, and output the digital currency wallet address to the digital currency client through a trusted execution environment; install the digital certificate according to the digital certificate installation request;
可信执行环境处理器30,用于提供可信执行环境。Trusted execution environment processor 30, configured to provide a trusted execution environment.
具体的,本实施例对终端并不进行限定。这里的终端可以是移动终端。Specifically, this embodiment does not limit the terminal. The terminal here may be a mobile terminal.
说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。Each embodiment in the description is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the related information, please refer to the description of the method part.
专业人员还可以进一步意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现,为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性,在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。Professionals can further realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the possible For interchangeability, in the above description, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described according to their functions. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present invention.
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处理器执行的软件模块,或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。The steps of the methods or algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be directly implemented by hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination of both. Software modules can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other Any other known storage medium.
以上对本发明所提供的使用基于区块链的数字货币的安全方法、系统及终端进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The security method, system and terminal using blockchain-based digital currency provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. In this paper, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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