CN106836114A - Administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method for eliminating rural black and odorous water bodies, which includes dividing the watershed into several control units; The total amount of internal sources, wherein, the river-inflow load includes the sum of the river-inflow industrial point source load and the river-inflow agricultural non-point source load; calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit and the total water environment capacity of the river basin; calculate each Control the planned reduction of the pollution load of the unit and the total reduction of the pollution load of the river basin; implement the source control and emission reduction project; implement the smart water operation management and guarantee project of the river basin. The present invention takes industrial point sources, agricultural non-point sources, and river channel internal source pollution as the core elements in typical rural areas, respectively implements source control and pollution interception, agricultural comprehensive prevention and control, and river ecosystem construction projects with the smallest economic investment, so as to realize black and odorous regional water bodies Elimination and coordinated development of modern industry and agriculture.

Description

Treatment method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution treatment and rural ecological treatment, in particular to a treatment method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas.

Background technique

In the past 30 years, my country's intensive agricultural production model has successfully solved the food problem of 1.3 billion people accounting for 20% of the world's total population by utilizing 9% of the world's arable land. A high price has been paid: in the past 30 years, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has increased, and waste such as livestock manure and straw has increased sharply, which has caused serious problems such as widespread non-point source pollution in rural areas and farmland and decreased soil fertility. According to the results of the first national survey of pollution sources in 2010, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) emitted by agricultural pollution sources accounted for 43.7% (13.24 million tons) of the national total; nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from farmland accounted for 57.2% and 67.4% (2.7 million tons and 280,000 tons); heavy metal emissions are mainly concentrated in 2452 tons of copper and 4862 tons of zinc. These non-point source pollutants enter the water body environment through surface runoff and underground seepage, and are the most important sources of water body eutrophication and groundwater pollution. At the same time, with the relocation of some industrial enterprises to rural areas in the process of urban development, a situation in which agricultural non-point sources and industrial point sources jointly pollute regional water bodies has formed in rural areas, and the situation of black and odorous water bodies is also prominent.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a treatment method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas, so as to eliminate black and odorous water bodies.

Based on the above-mentioned purpose, the treatment method for eliminating rural black and odorous water bodies provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

Divide the watershed into several control units;

Calculate the river inflow load of each control unit, the total inflow load of the river channel and the watershed, and the total inflow source of the river channel, wherein the river inflow load includes the industrial point source load and the agricultural non-point source sum of loads;

Calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit and the total water environment capacity of the watershed;

Calculate the proposed reduction of pollution load of each control unit and the total amount of proposed reduction of pollution load of the watershed;

Implement source control and emission reduction projects;

Implement watershed smart water operation management and guarantee projects;

Through the above steps, the indicators of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and river flow of the water body are up to standard.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the source control and emission reduction project is based on the reduction plan of the total amount of pollution in the river basin, and implements source control and emission reduction measures from three aspects: industrial point sources, agricultural non-point sources, and river channel internal sources. , implement industrial point source control projects, agricultural non-point source comprehensive control projects, and river silt harmless and resourceful disposal projects.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of dividing the watershed into several control units includes:

According to the main body of watershed management, water system structure, distribution of pollution sources, and the process of flow generation and confluence, determine the distribution area of pollution sources that affect the water quality of the river, and divide the distribution area of pollution sources into several control units.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of calculating the water environment capacity of each control unit and the total water environment capacity of the watershed, a model estimation method is used to calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit, and the calculation method is as follows:

Among them, C _s is the water quality target, C ₀ is the initial concentration of the section, C ₀ is the river flow, u is the average flow velocity, K is the comprehensive degradation coefficient, x is the distance from the mth pollution source to the control section, q _m is the mth pollution source flow of pollution sources. Generally, the NH ₃ -N degradation coefficient is 0.5, and the COD degradation coefficient is 0.3.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of calculating the proposed reduction of pollution load of each control unit and the proposed total reduction of pollution load of the watershed, the total amount of pollution load of each control unit is subtracted by the total amount of pollution load of each control unit The capacity of the water environment is obtained by the planned reduction of the pollution load of each control unit.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step of calculating the planned reduction of pollution load of each control unit and the planned total reduction of pollution load of the watershed, the calculated total planned reduction of pollution load is multiplied by a safety factor, The safety system is 115-120% as the final proposed reduction in pollution load.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the industrial point source control project aims to control the direct discharge of industrial point source sewage in the river basin, and combines the distribution of regional industrial enterprises to build a sewage interception pipe network according to local conditions to pass industrial sewage through branches and trunks. All the network is collected into the pipe network system, and the collected sewage is sent to the sewage treatment plant for centralized disposal;

Agricultural non-point source comprehensive control project: This project includes three types of measures: the source reduction project of rural domestic sewage, the ecological control project of the end of farmland non-point source and the rural garbage disposal project. Rural sewage treatment in Linhe implements a three-level treatment system that combines dry toilet renovation, ecological drainage ditches in the village, and pond wetland purification outside the village; decentralized sewage treatment measures are used to control remote agricultural sewage treatment to ensure that sewage can be consumed locally. Into the river system; farmland non-point source terminal ecological control project aims to control nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of agricultural planting, and builds integrated control of source reduction-interception-restoration through measures such as chemical fertilizer reduction control, increase of organic fertilizer and construction of farmland ecological ditches system; the rural waste disposal project focuses on village point waste collection and centralized treatment, and builds a ppp operation mode of "centralized clearing + long-term management" market operation;

Endogenous pollution control project: take the sediment deposited in rivers and lakes and reservoirs as the control target, and carry out sediment dredging and harmless disposal projects. Before dredging, the risk of heavy metals in the sludge must be assessed, and the cleaned sludge should be dehydrated and reduced on site. The method of adding heavy metal passivator to the sludge with heavy metal risk can be used to fix heavy metal and eliminate its ecological risk.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the water ecological health reconstruction project aims to build a healthy water ecosystem, and build surface and subsurface wetland systems with purification functions within the scope of the green lines on both sides of rivers, lakes and reservoirs , play the role of pollutant filtration, adsorption, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, and the reservoir-pond-wetland and ecological management project can achieve the ability to reduce the pollution load by 5-10%.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the watershed smart water operation management and guarantee project completes the establishment of a long-term watershed management and control plan through the construction of a water environment monitoring network, an intelligent management system, and a daily maintenance management model to ensure a stable water environment in the watershed , The landscape function continues to improve.

In some embodiments of the present invention, until chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and river flow reach the following parameter requirements:

Chemical oxygen demand <30mg/L;

Ammonia nitrogen<2mg/L;

Dissolved oxygen>5mg/L;

Total nitrogen <5mg/L;

Total phosphorus<1mg/L;

River flow ≥ 0.4m ³ /s.

As can be seen from the above, the control method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas provided by the present invention takes industrial point sources in typical rural areas, agricultural non-point sources, and river channel endogenous pollution as core elements, and implements them respectively with minimum economic input. Source control and sewage interception, comprehensive agricultural prevention and control, and river ecosystem construction projects to achieve the elimination of black and odorous water bodies in the region and the coordinated development of modern industry and agriculture.

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Different from the idea that the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas is gradually implemented with the core units of pipe network sewage interception, sewage treatment plant upgrading and transformation, and river ecological dredging and restoration, the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas should focus on increasing agricultural production and stabilizing production. Based on the long-term needs of water environment security, with the core goal of reducing the pollution load of low-level sources on the premise of ensuring food security, and combining the characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, a treatment method suitable for black and odorous water bodies in rural areas has been formulated.

The treatment method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas provided by the present invention takes black and odorous water bodies in rural areas as the main target, and considers economic input factors, respectively controls the parameters of various core indicators, and implements pollution source control and water body restoration projects step by step , to improve the elimination effect of black and odorous water.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the governance method that provides for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas includes the following steps:

1) Divide the watershed into several control units

Specifically, the distribution area of pollution sources affecting river water quality is determined according to the main body of the river basin management, the structure of the water system, the distribution of pollution sources, and the process of flow generation and confluence, and the distribution area of pollution sources is divided into several control units. Generally, there are 3-5 first-level control units, and each first-level control unit is divided into second-level control units, and the total number of second-level control units is 5-12. Dividing the watershed into a first-level control unit and a second-level control unit facilitates accurate calculation and control of the entire watershed, thereby improving the governance effect of the watershed.

2) Calculate the inflow load of each control unit, the total amount of inflow load in the river channel and the watershed, and the total amount in the river channel

On the basis of the division of space units, the on-site monitoring of sewage outfalls and the investigation of pollution sources are used to calculate the river-inflow load, river channel internal source, total amount of river internal source, and total channel internal source of each control unit. Among them, the river-inflow load may include the sum of the river-inflow industrial point source load and the river-inflow agricultural non-point source load. It should be noted that the total river inflow load of the watershed refers to the sum of the river inflow loads of each primary control unit or secondary control unit. Further, in the present invention, the river load refers to the load of pollutants into the river, which may include the load of COD and ammonia nitrogen into the river. In the present invention, the industrial point source refers to a large amount of sewage of large and medium-sized enterprises in a small area and is transported to an obvious sewage outlet through pipes and canals, and the agricultural non-point source refers to scattered rural residents and agricultural planting on a large area. The scattered discharge of a small amount of water pollution, the internal source mainly refers to the silt stock in the water body of the basin.

In this step, the river inflow load and channel internal source of the secondary control unit can be calculated first, and then the total amount of river inflow load and channel internal source of the second basin can be obtained.

3) Calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit and the total water environment capacity of the watershed

The environmental capacity refers to the amount of pollutants that can be accommodated by each control unit under the water quality target conditions for black and odor elimination.

Optionally, the model estimation method can be used to calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit, and the calculation method is as follows:

Among them, C _s is the water quality target, C ₀ is the initial concentration of the section, C ₀ is the river flow, u is the average flow velocity, K is the comprehensive degradation coefficient, x is the distance from the mth pollution source to the control section, q _m is the mth pollution source flow of pollution sources. Generally, the NH ₃ -N degradation coefficient is 0.5, and the COD degradation coefficient is 0.3.

4) Calculate the proposed reduction of pollution load of each control unit and the proposed total reduction of pollution load of the watershed

The planned pollution load reduction of each control unit is obtained by subtracting the water environment capacity of each control unit from the total pollution load of each control unit (the sum of the industrial point source load of the river and the agricultural non-point source load of the river).

Preferably, in order to ensure the reliability of black and odor elimination, eliminate the deviation between pollution monitoring and load model calculation and other uncertainties, it is necessary to increase the total reduction of pollution load and improve the safety factor of the water quality target. The pollution obtained by the above calculation can be The total planned reduction of load is multiplied by the safety factor to be the final planned total reduction of pollution load. In some embodiments of the present invention, the safety system can generally be selected as 15-20%, and the proposed total reduction of the pollution load obtained from the above calculation is multiplied by 115-120% to obtain the final proposed total reduction, thereby completing each Calculation of total proposed reductions in pollution loads of control units and watersheds.

5) Source control and emission reduction projects

Focusing on the reduction plan of the total amount of pollution in the river basin, implement source control and emission reduction measures from three aspects: industrial point source, agricultural non-point source, and river channel internal source, and implement three types of projects: industrial point source control project, agricultural non-point source comprehensive The control project and the harmless and resourceful disposal project of river silt are also supported by the flood control safety guarantee project to ensure the elimination of black and odor in the water body of the river basin.

In some embodiments of the present invention, ①Industrial point source control project: aiming at the direct discharge control of industrial point source sewage in the river basin, combined with the distribution of regional industrial enterprises, constructing a sewage interception pipe network according to local conditions to pass industrial sewage through branches and trunks All the network is collected into the pipe network system, and the collected sewage is sent to the sewage treatment plant for centralized disposal. The layout project of the sewage treatment plant should take into account two aspects. First, choose the industrial sewage treatment process based on membrane treatment technology. The sewage treatment standard needs to be improved. It is generally recommended to select the Beijing Landmark B discharge standard, and part of the effluent from the sewage plant is used as industrial recycling. Water reuse; Second, it is not recommended to place a large-scale sewage treatment plant in the lower reaches of the river basin when selecting a site for the construction of a sewage treatment plant. It is recommended to build small sewage treatment plants scattered in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the watershed, which can ensure the stable ecological water demand of the rivers in the watershed . The construction of the sewage interception pipe network and the upgrading and renovation project of the sewage plant can realize the ability to reduce the pollution load of industrial point sources by 80-90%, which is a key deployment project.

②Agricultural non-point source comprehensive control project: This project includes three types of measures: rural domestic sewage source reduction project, farmland non-point source end ecological control project and rural garbage disposal project. For the sewage treatment in the rural areas near the river, implement a three-stage treatment system that combines the transformation of dry toilets, the ecological drainage ditches in the village and the purification of the ponds and wetlands outside the village. Decentralized sewage treatment measures are used to control the remote agricultural sewage treatment to ensure that the sewage is consumed on the spot and does not flow into the river system; the ecological control project at the end of the farmland non-point source aims at the control of nitrogen and phosphorus in the process of agricultural planting, through the control of chemical fertilizer reduction , increasing the application of organic fertilizers and constructing farmland ecological ditches and other measures to build an integrated control system of source reduction-interception-restoration to achieve effective control of 50-60% of farmland non-point source pollution load; rural waste disposal projects rely on village point garbage collection and centralized treatment As the core, build a ppp operation mode of "centralized clearing + long-term management" market operation.

③Endogenous pollution control project: take the sediment deposited in rivers and lakes in the basin as the control target, carry out sediment dredging and harmless disposal projects, and assess the risk of heavy metals in the sludge before dredging. It is recommended that the depth of sediment dredging should be about 30-50cm is enough. The dehydration and volume reduction project will be carried out on the cleaned sludge, and the heavy metal passivation agent will be added to the sludge with heavy metal risk to fix the heavy metal and eliminate its ecological risk.

6) Water Ecological Health Reconstruction Project: The project aims to build a healthy water ecosystem. Wetland systems with purification functions such as surface flow and subsurface flow will be built within the range of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and the green lines on both sides, so as to exert the protection against pollutants. With the functions of filtration, adsorption, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, the reservoir-pond-wetland and ecological management project can achieve the ability to reduce the pollution load by 5-10%. In the high temperature period, focus on the reservoir-pond-wetland project, give full play to the terminal purification effect of the project, and realize the in-situ reduction of pollutants entering the river.

7) Basin Smart Water Operation Management and Guarantee Project: Through the construction of water environment monitoring network, intelligent management system and daily maintenance and management mode, the project completes the establishment of a long-term watershed management and control plan to ensure the stability of the water environment of the watershed and the continuous improvement of landscape functions.

8) Engineering evaluation: Through the above 7 steps, the core control indicators such as chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and river flow of the water body are up to standard. The specific parameters are controlled as follows:

Control indicator name Control Indicator Threshold Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) <30mg/L <2mg/L Dissolved oxygen (DO) >5mg/L total nitrogen <5mg/L Total Phosphorus <1mg/L river flow

Adopt the control effect of the black and smelly water body that the method provided by the invention reaches:

Phase 1 (initial effect phase):

1) The water quality of the river meets the general landscape water standard, and the main water quality indicators of the overlying water DO≥5; COD≤40mg/L; ammonia nitrogen≤3mg/L.

2) Guarantee the safety and basic flow of river water, no garbage, no floating objects, and basically eliminate black and odor.

3) The transparency is moderate, the transparency in the shallow water area (water depth ≤ 1 meter) bottoms out, and the transparency in the deep water area reaches about 1 meter.

Stage 2 (attainment stage):

1) The water quality of the river meets the standards of surface water IV~V, and the overlying water DO≥5mg/L; COD≤30mg/L; ammonia nitrogen≤2)mg/L.

2) Guarantee the safety and basic flow of river water, completely eliminate black and odor, and the river ecological landscape is good.

3) The water body is clear, the transparency of the shallow water area (water depth ≤ 1 meter) bottoms out, and the transparency of the deep water area reaches more than 1 meter.

Phase 3 (Consolidation Phase):

1) The water quality of the river is stable and meets the surface water category IV standard, and the overlying water DO≥6mg/L; COD≤30mg/L; ammonia nitrogen≤1.5mg/L.

2) Guarantee the safety and basic flow of river water, the ecological service functions of rivers and lakes are sound, and the ecological landscape is beautiful.

Example: Black and odorous water treatment project in Jingshui River Basin, Changchun City (rural type)

Jingshui River in Changchun City is the first-class tributary on the left side of the middle reaches of Yitong River, from Qiaojiawopu Village to the east of the Xihuiwu Expressway, and Xiejiadian Village, Lanjia Town to the north of the Ring Expressway, with a drainage area of 73.84km2. ^The river is ^18.5km long, with an average width of 5 meters. It passes through the Hongqi Reservoir. There are 16 tributaries flowing into it. The average slope of the river course is 1‰. %; farmland 55.64km2, accounting for 75.34%. According to the on-site monitoring data, the COD range of the mainstream water body is 20-120mg/L, and more than 60% of the monitoring points belong to the inferior V quality water quality, and the trend is rising from top to bottom with the inflow of tributaries along the line. The pollution degree of ammonia nitrogen shows a similar trend to that of COD, with the range of 0.2-10 mg/L in the main stream, which is mainly affected by the influx of pollution from tributaries along the way, and gradually increases from upstream to downstream. The ranges of TN and TP in the water body of the basin are 0.69-72.1mg/L and 0.353-76.65mg/L respectively, and more than 80% of the sample points exceed the standard of Class V. Therefore, the severe excess of COD and ammonia nitrogen oxygen-consuming substances has caused the oxygen consumption in the whole basin. Insufficient dissolved oxygen in the water body caused black deposits of FeS, MnS, etc., and produced a large amount of H ₂ S, mercaptans, ammonia and other malodorous substances, resulting in prominent black and odor problems in the whole basin. The Municipal Implementation of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan Work Plan.

Specifically, the treatment method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies provided by the present invention is used to eliminate black and odorous water bodies in the Jingshui River Basin of Changchun City.

1. Divide the river basin into several control units: determine the distribution area of pollution sources that affect the water quality of the river section according to the main body of the river basin management, the structure of the water system, the distribution of pollution sources, and the process of flow generation and confluence. It is divided into 3 control units: Hexin Town Industrial Park, Midstream Rural Area, Lanjia Town Industrial Park, and Downstream Agricultural Area.

2. Calculation of the total inflow load of the basin and the total inflow load of each control unit: on the basis of the division of control units, the inflow load of each control unit is calculated through on-site monitoring and model estimation.

The COD of industrial point source loads entering the river is mainly concentrated in the industrial zone of Hexin Town and the point sources such as slaughtering and plastic recycling in Houjiaziying in the central agricultural subregion, accounting for 75.74% of the input to the river basin. Ammonia nitrogen pollution is mainly concentrated in the input of Lanjia Town Industrial Park, and the input load accounts for 67.84% of the input of the assessment section. See Table 1 for details. On the time scale of agricultural non-point sources entering the river, the non-point source load is mainly concentrated in the wet season, and the COD and ammonia nitrogen loads are 2044.38 and 95.98 t/a, respectively. On the spatial scale, the surface source load of the river is mainly concentrated in the agricultural area and the Lanjia Town Industrial Park. The COD load is 1941.69t/a; the ammonia nitrogen load is 67.13t/a, see Table 2 for details. Endogenous pollution is mainly concentrated in Hongqi Reservoir, the water area is about 54,000 m ² , and the silt accumulation is about 32,400 m ³ .

Table 1 The river-entry point source load of each control unit

Table 2 Estimation of non-point source pollution load based on control unit

3. Calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit and the total water environment capacity of the watershed: calculate the amount of pollutants that the watershed can accommodate under the water quality target conditions for black and odor elimination, and use the model to calculate the water environment capacity of each control unit and the water environment of the watershed. Total water environment capacity (total regional water environment capacity COD642.17t/a, ammonia nitrogen 34.79t/a). See Table 3 for the water environment capacity of each control unit.

Table 3 Water environment capacity of each control unit

4. Calculate the proposed reduction of pollution load of each control unit and the proposed total reduction of pollution load of the watershed: Subtract the total amount of pollution load of each control unit (the sum of the load of point sources entering the river and the load of surface sources entering the river) The water environment capacity of the control unit obtains the proposed reduction amount of the pollution load of each control unit. In order to achieve the water quality goal of black and odor elimination, see Table 4 for the planned load reduction of each control unit after calculation.

Table 4 The proposed load reduction of each control unit

5. Source control and emission reduction project: Focusing on the planned total reduction of the pollution load in the river basin, implement source control and emission reduction measures from three aspects: industrial point source, agricultural non-point source, and river channel internal source, and implement three types of projects: Industrial point source control projects, agricultural non-point source comprehensive control projects, and river silt harmless and resourceful disposal projects are also supported by flood control and safety assurance projects to ensure the elimination of black and odorous water bodies in the river basin. The specific project layout is as follows: Industrial Park Governance Emphasis will be placed on sewage interception and sewage treatment and improvement of sewage treatment standards. Mainly implement the main sewage interception projects along the river and the construction projects of Hexin and Lanjia sewage plants to eliminate industrial point sources. Source prevention and control of sources and process control, mainly implement source reduction projects of rural domestic sewage, farmland non-point source ecological control projects and rural garbage disposal projects to achieve control of rural non-point sources; the downstream Hongqi Reservoir focuses on internal source dredging and Recycling, the implementation of sludge harmless and resource disposal projects. Ultimately realize the common reduction of industrial point sources, agricultural non-point sources and internal sources.

6. Water Ecological Health Reconstruction Project: With the water ecological health reconstruction of the basin water body as the core, the reservoir-pond-wetland multi-level water system construction project is implemented respectively, and finally the water body environment in this area is clear and green, and there are fish in the river. The project layout is as follows: first look at the reservoir-pond-wetland multi-level wetland system construction project. The purpose of the project is to improve the water quality and restore the water ecology of the entire Jingshui River Basin. The specific engineering measures are to construct three kinds of water ecosystems: lake-reservoir wetland, pond-wetland system and ecological riparian zone. The design purpose of the ecological riparian zone is to transform the ecological environment of the existing tributaries, reduce the pollution of the tributaries, and restore aquatic vegetation. The pond-wetland system uses the existing ponds and ditches to transform the tributaries into the estuary to form a shallow water-deep pool wetland system. A total of 4 wetland systems are set up. The design purpose of the lake-reservoir wetland is to use the storage capacity of Gaojia Reservoir and Hongqi Reservoir and the surrounding ecology, dredging and expanding the capacity, and restoring the coastal zone.

7. Watershed Smart Water Operation Management and Guarantee Project: Through the construction of water environment monitoring network, intelligent management system and daily maintenance and management mode, the project completes the establishment of a long-term watershed management and control plan to ensure the stability of the water environment of the watershed and the continuous improvement of landscape functions.

It can be seen that the control method for eliminating black and odorous water bodies in rural areas provided by the present invention takes industrial point sources in typical rural areas, agricultural non-point sources, and river channel endogenous pollution as core elements, and implements source control and pollution interception with the smallest economic investment. , Comprehensive agricultural prevention and control and river ecosystem construction projects, to achieve the elimination of black and odorous water bodies in the region and the coordinated development of modern industry and agriculture.

Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any of the above embodiments is exemplary only, and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the present invention, the above embodiments or Combinations between technical features in different embodiments are also possible, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

Basin is divided into several control units；

Calculate each control unit enter river load, river course it is endogenous and it is basin enter river load total amount, the endogenous total amount in river course, its In, it is described enter river load include point source load and entering river agricultural area source load sum into river industry；

Calculate the environmental capacity of water of each control unit and the water environment total capacity in basin；

The pollutional load for calculating each control unit drafts reduction and the pollutional load in basin drafts reduction total amount；

Implement control source emission reduction engineering；

Implement basin wisdom water utilities operational management and ensure engineering；

Realize that the index of COD, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and the river discharge of water body is up to standard by above step.

2. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the control source Emission reduction engineering is to cut down scheme as core with basin total amount of pollutants discharge, respectively from industrial point source, agricultural area source, endogenous three sides in river course Control source Mitigation options are realized in face, implement industrial point source control engineering, agricultural area source Comprehensive Control engineering, riverway sludge harmless Change and disposal of resources engineering.

3. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described will stream The step of domain is divided into several control units includes：

According to watershed management main body, water system planning, analysis and product stream Process of Confluence, it is determined that the pollution of influence water quality of river Source distribution region, is several control units by analysis region division.

4. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the calculating In the step of water environment total capacity in the environmental capacity of water of each control unit and basin, each is calculated using model evaluation method The environmental capacity of water of control unit, computational methods are as follows：

$W=Q_0\&times;(C_s-C_0)+\underset{m=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_s\&times;(Q_0+q_m)(e^{\frac{KX}{u}}-1)+\underset{m=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_s{q}_m$

Wherein, C_sIt is water quality objective, C₀It is section initial concentration, C₀It is river discharge, u is mean flow rate, and K is comprehensive degraded system Number, x is distance of m-th pollution sources away from control section, q_mIt is m-th flow of pollution sources.Usually, NH₃- N degradation coefficients are 0.5, COD degradation coefficient is 0.3.

5. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the meter The pollutional load for calculating each control unit is drafted the step of the pollutional load in reduction and basin drafts reduction total amount, by each The pollutional load total amount of individual control unit subtract each control unit environmental capacity of water obtain each control unit pollution bear Lotus drafts reduction.

6. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the meter The pollutional load for calculating each control unit is drafted the step of the pollutional load in reduction and basin drafts reduction total amount, will be calculated The pollutional load for obtaining drafts reduction total amount and is multiplied by safety coefficient, and reduction total amount, the peace are drafted as final pollutional load Total system is 115-120%.

7. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that industrial point source Control engineering：Target is controlled to so that basin industry point source sewage is in line, calmodulin binding domain CaM industrial enterprise distribution situation is suited measures to local conditions Build to cut dirty pipe network and all collect trade effluent by branch, core network and enter pipe network system, collect sewage and enter sewage Treatment plant centrally disposes；

Agricultural area source Comprehensive Control engineering：The engineering includes that engineering, farmland Mian Yuan ends ecology are cut down in domestic sewage in rural areas source Control engineering and the class measure of rural garbage handling project three：Cut down engineering with rural area and the outlying agriculture of bordering on the river in domestic sewage in rural areas source Village is control targe, net to Demonstration for Ecological Sanitation irrigation canals and ditches in the non-irrigated lavatory transformation of countryside sewage treating implementation of bordering on the river, village and village Wai Ku pools wetland The tertiary treatment system that change is combined；Outlying water and treat agricultural waste is controlled by the way of scattering sewage treatment measure, is protected Barrier sewage on-site elimination does not import river system；Farmland Mian Yuan ends Ecological Control engineering is controlled with nitrogen phosphorus during agricultural planting It is target, is built by measures such as Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied control, applying organic manure and agricultural ecological irrigation canals and ditches construction and subtract source-interception-reparation Integral control system；Rural garbage handling project with village point refuse collection with focus on as core, build " concentration is cleared The ppp operational modes of the market promotion of+long-acting management "；

Endogenous pollution controls engineering：With basin river course, Hu Ku deposit bed mud as control targe, carry out bed mud desilting with it is innoxious Handling project, needs to assess heavy metal in sludge risk before desilting, and the mud field conduct of cleaning is dehydrated volume reduction engineering and to existing Heavy metal is fixed and eliminates its ecological risk by the mud of heavy metal risk using the method for addition heavy metal deactivator.

8. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described aquatic State health reconstruction engineering is target to build waters Health- Ecosystem, is built in the range of the green line of river, Hu Ku and both sides The wet land systems such as surface low, undercurrent with purification function, play the filtering to pollutant, absorption, plant absorption and microorganism and divide The effect of solution, the storehouse-pool-wetland can realize the ability that pollutional load cuts down 5-10% with ecological management engineering.

9. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the basin The operational management of wisdom water utilities is with guarantee engineering by monitoring water environment network, intelligent management system and regular maintenance management mode Build, complete the foundation of the long-acting management and control scheme in basin, ensure that basin water environment stabilization, landscape function are persistently lifted.

10. the administering method for eliminating rural area type black and odorous water according to claim 1, it is characterised in that until changing Learn oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen and river discharge and reach following parameter request：

COD<30mg/L；

Ammonia nitrogen<2mg/L；

Dissolved oxygen>5mg/L；

Total nitrogen<5mg/L；

Total phosphorus<1mg/L；

River discharge >=0.4m³/s。