CN106824976A - The method for preparing derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material as raw material with rubbish - Google Patents
The method for preparing derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material as raw material with rubbish Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/022—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for preparing derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material as raw material with rubbish, its step such as including the sorting of rubbish and the preparation of broken, trommelling, the preparation of derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biofermentation dehydration, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material, derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material can be disposably prepared with high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material, waste resources is made full use of, is reduced environmental pollution and energy consumption, thoroughly realizes that garbage disposal is innoxious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of municipal refuse treatment, specifically derivatived fuel RDF is prepared by raw material of rubbish
The method of raw material, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material.
Background technology
In traditional trash processing way, sanitary landfill method：Because floor space is big, processing cost is high, wastes a large amount of soils
Resource, and applied value is gradually reduced.Composting process：Because organic matter utilization not exclusively, fertilizer complicated, minimizing is smaller etc.
Factor, will progressively be eliminated.The burning of rubbish is innoxious because its many particular advantages having will turn into domestic waste
The main flow for the treatment of, is mainly manifested in：1st, rubbish after burning disposal, utterly destroy by the pathogen in rubbish, is produced in combustion process
Raw pernicious gas and flue dust reaches emission request after treatment, and innoxious degree is high；2nd, rubbish after burning can loss of weight 80%,
Volume reduction more than 90%, reduced training is good, saves a large amount of soils, and tail gas, heat energy can fully be reclaimed and utilized.
But limited by component of refuse, incinerator and the output of heat and power system heat energy are low with the rate of recovery, operating cost is big, generating
High cost, while the influence of the factor such as tail vapour and slag emission environmental protection index are poor, treatment cost is high, the popularization and application of this technology compared with
It is difficulty.
The original of good effect is not obtained in the numerous engineering practices at home of many international waste disposal methods
Because：Influenceed by consumption habit and environmental consciousness, the rubbish of external most countries is delivered and collection method is classification and connects
Receive, the rubbish before treatment facility is entered, by good classification, while being influenceed the food waste and swill in rubbish by habits and customs
The less moisture of amount and putrescible matter of pin class material are relatively low, packed specification, for comprehensive reutilization creates good condition.
And the collection method of Chinese rubbish is mixing and receives, the amount of food waste and hogwash class material in rubbish is higher, water
Divide and putrescible matter is higher, packed lack of standardization, raw refuse is almost that " bag in bag " form is delivered, and material composition is answered in bag
Miscellaneous to classify, so we lead to and are called " high humidity composting " in field of environmental engineering, it possesses following characteristic：
1. mixing receives complicated component, and bagged articles content is high, and conventional method normally cannot effectively classify；
2. moisture is big：Average moisture 50%, limit moisture is up to 70%；Calorific value is low：Food waste, dregs class content are higher, put down
50% is accounted for, separation is larger with dehydration difficulty, and treatment energy consumption is higher；
3. easily corruption content of material is higher, deals with improperly and easily causes serious secondary pollution, while the recovery profit of rubbish
Security and commodity with product is poor, and its typical composition see the table below：
Typical composition statistics list (table one, unit of Chinese rubbish：Weight %)
With 2005, Shanghai and Nanjing, Nanning, the ground of Chongqing four typical case's component content took the knot of integrated value to the list of above composition
Really.
In sum because three kinds of conventional waste disposal methods have larger defect in implementation of China, so in recent years
Research and engineering application practice in, the country occur in that some prepare derivatived fuel, activated carbon and haydite with rubbish as raw material
Technique and method, it is intended that more make full use of waste resources, more fully process rubbish.Such as：
Chinese patent 200510021985.7 discloses a kind of preparation method of city refuse incineration furnace granular fuel：The work
With Chinese high humidity composting as raw material, after broken removal hard material is sorted in mechanization, remaining part all passes through skill
Rod shape fuel is squeezed into after crushing/dewatering treatment.The fuel is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, by
Then high humidity composting is converted into specification granular fuel, is effectively improved calorific value, change incineration firing mode, improved
Rubbish thermoelectricity fan-out capability 40-50%, the zero padding for realizing garbage disposal is buried.
Technological deficiency：The technology is mainly used in the pretreatment of raw material operation of all refuse-burning plants, but due to garbage power
Project investment is big, and disposal ability is big, and required quantity of refuse is especially big, therefore is not suitable for using for small and medium-sized cities, its scope of application
It is limited；In addition due to complicated component, it is preserved the fuel for being produced and burning condition is harsh, is not suitable for general industry boiler.
Chinese patent 02128993.X discloses a kind of solid fuel of utilization municipal refuse production high heat value and low pollution
Preparation method：The technique extracts film therein, bag, piece with Chinese high humidity composting as raw material after various methods are sorted
Shape waste plastics, heated bunching into irregular bar, it is block-shaped after be ground into little particle, then with the bamboo and wood system that sub-elects in rubbish
The crushed material of product, chemical ＆ blended fabric and shell class material is mixed and is rolled, and is made flat spherical fuel.The fuel value is higher,
Cleanliness factor is good, it is adaptable to which general industry boiler, application range of products is wider.
Technological deficiency：Technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaims not thoroughly, accounts for the easy corrupt substance of high humidity of total amount 70% not
It is utilized effectively, surplus materials is processed according to a conventional method, high cost and is also easy to produce secondary pollution.
Chinese patent 99101469.3 discloses a kind of municipal refuse haydite and its production method：It is with high humidity composting
Raw material, by sorting, removal plastics, glass and other firm materials are crushed by drying, selection by winnowing, according to rubbish specifically into
Divide the clay for adding 5-15%, stir, then balling-up of pelletizing dries, and is calcined expanded into haydite.
Technological deficiency：Technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaims not thoroughly, and a large amount of aqueous materials more than 50% are present, former
Material drying cost is higher, and organic matter is higher in ceramic product, and the intensity for being calcined expanded rear haydite is smaller, influences the scope of application, plus
Material composition it is complicated, roasting process exhaust emissions index is poor, pollutes environment.
Chinese patent 02109384.9 discloses the production technology and its equipment that a kind of utilization rubbish waste residue produces haydite：With
Composting is one of raw material, accounts for the 50-80% (depending on the content of organic matter in rubbish depending on) of total dosage, rubbish by screening,
Crush, carry out interworking with the flyash (or shale) of the 20-50% for accounting for total dosage afterwards and stir after granulating, be calcined it is expanded into
Haydite.
Technological deficiency：Rubbish is used as one of haydite raw materials for production, and consumption is small, because rubbish average moisture content is higher than
50%, production process is relatively costly, and material composition complexity roasting process exhaust emissions index is poor in addition, pollutes environment.
Chinese patent 02112598.8 discloses the method and retort of a kind of producing active carbon from municipal refuse：Its basic work
Skill be first by domestic waste after coarse crushing again through selection by winnowing, screening, removal rubbish in incombustibility material, then will have
Machine material part is through chopping, broken or crushing, then drying and dewatering is to 15-20%, and it is special that this raw material enters after being squeezed into block
Structure retort carbonization-activation, is made activated carbon (semifinished product).
Technological deficiency：Rubbish technology of garbage disposal is imperfect, reclaims not thoroughly, and the incombustibility material in rubbish is not obtained
Fully recycle, a large amount of aqueous materials more than 50% are directly dried, and raw material stoving is relatively costly, and refuse classification technique is not complete
It is kind, because a certain amount of inorganic constituents is present in finished product, make activated carbon product grade low, the market scope of application is limited.
Because conventional garbage process for reclaiming technology has various technological deficiencies, the popularization that directly affects its technology should
With and effectiveness of operation, be mainly manifested in：
1. Integration ofTechnology is poor, and selective recovery is only carried out to rubbish, and production product category is single, is so limited, existing
Technology shows in engineering application, and scale is smaller, and cost recovery is high, after refuse classification the treatment disposal costs of residue compared with
Height, production process produces secondary pollution, and resource and recycling level are low, and environmental protection project is not environmentally.
2. refuse classification sorting technology falls behind, and causes this processing apparatus and labour to put into larger, and the efficiency of separation is low, can
Low using substance recovery, purity is low, increases production cost, is made quality of finished lowly, and resource recycling rate is low, very
Hardly possible embodies and reclaims benefit.
3. the working process of pair raw material for sub-electing uses the technique first dried and crush afterwards, production process energy equipment to throw
Enter greatly, energy consumption is higher, have impact on the popularization and application of technology.
4. process of manufacture does not consider the potential danger of various pathogenic microbes in rubbish to operating personnel, health and
Safety condition is poor.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, for the characteristic of Chinese high humidity composting, using process for comprehensively treating to different in rubbish
Material carry out classification recycling, produce different industrial products, by garbage disposal is thoroughly innoxious, resource
Primary study and developing direction as technology of garbage disposal.
The content of the invention
A kind of integrated treatment high humidity mixing city is provided it is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art
The method of rubbish, i.e., disposably prepare derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material with it as raw material
Method, make full use of waste resources, reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, thoroughly realize that garbage disposal is innoxious.
Found by long-term research, for the high humidity mixed city garbage of China, the difficult point of its treatment is how to divide
How class, divided class, only on the premise of classification, is only possible to realize abundant effective utilization of rubbish, therefore, the present invention is proposed
The technical scheme of following classification：
The present invention is effectively classified, then basis first according to the characteristics of Chinese urban high-humidity mixed domestic
Classified material characteristic using different processes, be allowed to complete resource, final output product is three kinds：1st, it is adapted to
The derivatived fuel RDF raw materials of Industrial Boiler of the coefficient of excess air more than 1.5 in any combustion process；2nd, it is suitable for various rows
What industry was used reaches the inorganic building material raw material of relevant national standard；3rd, it is suitable for the biological organic fertilizer raw material of agricultural.It is of the invention
Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
Derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and nothing are disposably prepared with high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material
The method of machine building materials raw material, it includes the sorting of rubbish and broken, trommelling, wherein also comprising the following steps：
(1) by the block after the oversize of trommelling carries out secondary semi-moist crushing to lumpiness≤40mm, then
Block is dried to water content≤20% is again obtained final product derivatived fuel RDF raw materials；
(2) 1-3 cubic metres of sky will daily be pressed by carrying out biofermentation dehydration in the screenings of trommelling again fermentation tank
Gas/every cubic metre of material is passed through air, and deep aeration is turned over and pushed away at a temperature of 60 DEG C -70 DEG C, fermentation process 16-19 days, until sieve
Untill lower thing water content≤30%；
Wherein, the regulation of throughput is carried out according to temperature and moisture situation of change.Material enters fermentation process 1-3
It is fermentation process warming-up section, and temperature rises to 75 DEG C by normal temperature in fermentation tank, to improve the reproduction speed of aerobic strain, oxygenation capacity
The oxygen level needed for culture propagation should be controlled, air need to be passed through by 1.5 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material daily；Material
Into fermentation process, the 3-10 days is fermentation process constant temperature zone, and temperature is maintained at 60 DEG C -70 DEG C in this stage fermentation groove, to ensure
The activity and breeding potential of aerobic strain, accelerate evaporation moisture, effectively kill various pathogenic microbes, daily need to be by 3 cubic metres
Air/every cubic metre of material is passed through air；It the 10-15 days is fermentation process temperature descending section, fermentation tank to enter fermentation process in material
Interior temperature is down to normal temperature by 60 DEG C -70 DEG C, is to ensure cooling rate, accelerates evaporation moisture, daily need to be by 1 cubic metres of air/every
Cubic meter material is passed through air；
Screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is carried out postsearch screening by (2-1) by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh, to screening
The secondary oversize for going out carries out air-flow selection by winnowing, obtain light fraction be carbon containing purity up to more than 91%, water content be 30%
Inorganic building material raw material；
Wherein, air-flow selection by winnowing is the air advection speed in air-classifier according to material bulk density and size distribution feature
Degree is in 5-6 meter per seconds, initial steam pressure 200mm water columns, situation of the solid content filling rate less than 20% in air-classifier casing
Under, floating object can be reclaimed and the light fraction that obtains is settled, as carbon containing purity is built up to more than 90%, aqueous 35% inorganic
Material raw material；Being deposited in air-classifier casing after air-flow selection by winnowing is heavies；
Screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is carried out postsearch screening by (2-2) by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh, is screened out
Secondary screenings inorganic content >=82%, as biological organic fertilizer raw material.
In order to better profit from resource, can be by by being deposited on pneumatic separation dress after the air-flow selection by winnowing in step (2-1)
The heavies in casing are put as biological organic fertilizer raw material.
Wherein, the sorting of rubbish and broken, trommelling are the conventional known technologies classified in advance to rubbish.
Wherein, the sorting of rubbish and broken usually use mechanically sort and broken, and basic requirement is guarantee broken bag
Rate >=95%, discharge lumpiness≤100mm, and automatic sorting goes out the hardness material and leatherware, clothes etc. such as brick, rubble, metal, battery
Large piece article.
Trommelling is in special rotary screen to the remaining water content after sorting and be broken up to 50% shredding refuse
In the process screened, be configured to for refuse classification into oversize and screenings two parts, the typical case of wherein oversize by it：
By typical composition list (table two, unit of the oversize after above-mentioned treatment：Weight %)
By typical composition list (table three, unit of the screenings after above-mentioned treatment：Weight %)
, it is apparent that oversize has following feature：
Predominantly the not degradable material of paper, plastics and other calorific values occurred frequently, accounts for the 21.45% of total amount, integrated water
Divide 40% or so, rubbish from cooking is substantially free of and the corrupt substance that easily ferments in addition to dregs is adhered to, above-mentioned substance has the characteristics that：
1. can not carry out compost treatment, cannot be degraded in fermentation process, and the secondary dirt of soil is easily caused after bringing finished product heap into
Dye；
2. the direct recovery value amounts of are small, it is difficult to which thoroughly classification, comprehensive moisture is up to 40%, preserves and use health
Condition is poor, and directly reclaim to utilize completely, and the rate of recovery is low；
3. calorific values content is high, and the average heat generation value of over dry material is higher than 4500Kcal/kg；
4. possesses the very good material condition of the clean derivatived fuel RDF productions of production, is mainly manifested in：High humidity mixing city
The precursorses of dioxins materials generation are chlorine-bearing compound in incineration process of domestic garbage, consumption habit according to Chinese its
It is mainly derived from the salt of remaining in rubbish from cooking, the maximum minimizing by the way that chlorine-bearing compound can be realized after screening.
These features show, oversize possesses the characteristic as derivatived fuel RDF, but its granularity is larger, water content
Also it is higher, it is necessary to can be only achieved the requirement of derivatived fuel RDF raw materials after treatment, therefore, the present invention also sets to oversize
The step of secondary semi-moist crushing and drying is counted.
Secondary semi-moist crushing refers to, in the case where material moisture is higher than 30%, material to be not required to make drying and processing directly to enter
Row pulverizing processing, it is therefore an objective to which above-mentioned oversize is ground into the bulk of lumpiness≤40mm in the case of water content (40%) higher
Thing, beneficial to follow-up drying and processing.
Block to above-mentioned lumpiness≤40mm is dried, and various drying modes can be used, usually using special
High-efficiency tobacco vapour formula stirring drier, dried to water content≤20% at 250-300 DEG C, obtain final product derivatived fuel RDF former
Material.
Typical composition according to screenings can be seen that screenings and have the property that：
Screenings accounts for the 77.5% of total amount, is that four class materials are constituted：
1. food waste, pericarp, dish root, etc. putrefactive material；
2. dregs (containing crushed hard material)；
3. the mixture of the fiber substance such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood；
4. remaining plastics and rag class material.
Composition analysis result is：1. food waste, pericarp, dish root, etc. putrefactive material account for the 50% of screenings mass fraction,
Average moisture 70%；2. dregs (containing hard material has been crushed) accounts for the 23.5% of screenings mass fraction, average moisture 30%；③
The fiber substances such as paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood account for the 25% of screenings mass fraction, averagely
Moisture 55%；4. remaining plastics and rag class material account for screenings mass fraction 1.5%, average moisture 15%.
Above material has following feature：Component is 1. because containing a large amount of unrighted acids and protein matter, moisture is larger
Easily ferment, fermentation temperature is high under aerobic condition, high-temperature duration is long with stronger moisture evaporation ability, and fermentation is completed
Product is humic acid material and part long fibre, is the good foaming agent for producing porous expanded ceramsite；2. dregs (contains component
Broken hard material) in containing 50% or so cinder, remaining is dust and ceramics, the mixture of stone metallic substance, its component is complete
Possesses the framework material condition of production bore expanded ceramsite；Component is 3. because a large amount of cellulosic compositions (account for certainly dry biomass point rate
Presence 90%), with the good condition for producing wooden inorganic building material, 4. remaining plastics and rag class material account for screenings
Mass fraction 1.5%, because of content low pass after operation treatment be distributed in the raw materials for production of two class products will not to following process
Affect greatly.Wherein, four class materials synthesis moisture 50-60%.Conventional method is difficult to be separated, divides in the case
Choosing.Reason is：1. inter-adhesive between moisture high material, easy adhesion is united in screening plant, in addition food waste, pericarp, dish
Root, etc. putrefactive material fibre such as granularity and paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood when not being decomposed
Dimension class material grainses degree cannot quite be separated, and such as easily block sieve aperture using method for sieving, and inefficiency, separation rate is not enough
60%.2. four kinds of material bulk density gaps are smaller in the case of High water cut, poor fluidity, it is impossible to separated using selection by winnowing.Its
It is secondary, a large amount of pathogenic microbes are also contained in the screenings, very easily influence the health of operator.
Therefore, this two classes raw material cannot be effectively separated using conventional separation method, it is necessary to find one kind
Moisture therein is reduced and killed pathogenic microbes by effective method, therefore, the invention provides such as lower section
Method-biofermentation dehydration is carried out to screenings：Fermented through aerobic high-heat, large quantity of moisture can be removed, vapour turning is exposed in depth
Under the conditions of, it is down to less than 35% by the moisture content of its raw material after the fermentation process of 16-19 days；Food waste, pericarp, dish root are completely rotten
It is ripe, all pathogenic microbes total loss activity, the processing of raw material and security performance are preferable.Simultaneously because raw refuse is effective
Sorting is broken and strict screening process, the content of its remaining plastics and rag class material is less than 2%, and operation is former after satisfaction
Material is required.
To by the screenings after biofermentation dewater treatment, its separation just becomes simple and easy to apply.Because this stage is former
The moisture content of material below 35%, so by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh can by coal ash, dregs and a large amount of hogwash classes become thoroughly decomposed,
The materials such as animal class are separated into secondary screenings；Secondary oversize be mainly fiber, crushed waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases,
The long fibrous materials such as Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood and a small amount of gluing take the hardness material such as soil and pieces of glass, ceramics.
Wherein, the characteristic of the secondary oversize to screening out is analyzed, and it includes these characteristics：Oversize accounts for original rubbish
Rubbish total amount 13-18% or so, wherein fiber, to have crushed waste paper scrap, peanut melon seed cases, Chinese medicine slag, tealeaf residue, leaf deadwood isometric
Fibrous matter accounts for raw refuse total amount 15-17%；The viscous hardness material such as soil and pieces of glass, ceramics that takes accounts for raw refuse total amount
1-3%.Wherein more than 85% material can be seen that for long fibrous materials by above constituent analysis, if pick out it is viscous take soil and
The hardness material such as pieces of glass, ceramics, just possesses the condition for producing wooden inorganic building material raw material, so being located according to the following steps
Reason, can produce and be suitable for the inorganic building material raw material for reaching relevant national standard that various industries are used：
Air-flow selection by winnowing is carried out to secondary oversize, the screen cloth that the screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is passed through into 6-10 mesh
Carry out postsearch screening, the secondary oversize to screening out carries out air-flow selection by winnowing, i.e., according to material bulk density and size distribution feature,
Air advection speed is in 5-6 meter per seconds, initial steam pressure 200mm water columns in air-classifier；Solid in air-classifier casing
Thing filling rate less than in the case of 20%, can be settled from floating object the light fraction for obtaining be carbon containing purity up to 90% with
On, aqueous 35% inorganic building material raw material, the heavies being deposited in air-classifier casing are pieces of glass, ceramics
Deng.
Wherein, the heavier substances for separate are due to being the first-class raw material for preparing biological organic fertilizer containing substantial amounts of element silicon.
Secondary screenings is analyzed, it is found that it has following characteristic：Secondary screenings is coal ash, dregs and has been become thoroughly decomposed
The materials such as a large amount of hogwash classes, animal class, can also reclaim hard material, and activated carbon production process apoplexy plus garbage classification system
The material of the heavies produced by choosing, three parts may be configured as after collecting：Inorganic content accounts for 80% (ceramics, glass, stone matter thing
The materials such as material are accounted for), organic principle accounts for 20%.By typical composition it can be seen that such material accounts for the 10- of crude waste total amount
11%, the composition of above-mentioned substance complies fully with domestic standard biologic porous ceramic grain production feedstock specifications, possesses production biological many
The condition of hole haydite, as building material and can be suitable for the multiporous biological organic fertilizer raw material that various industries use and use.
It should be noted that above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials are processed into derivatived fuel RDF products, inorganic building material product, many respectively
The method of hole bio-organic fertilizer product can using corresponding method in background technology, or other do not carry in this application
And known method, as long as being obtained in that corresponding raw material, by these Raw material processings into the method for corresponding product be a lot
's.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to prior art：
Due to present invention employs conventional separation steps such as the broken, trommellings of sorting, adding special biofermentation and taking off
Water technology, then it is aided with postsearch screening, you can high humidity mixed city garbage is disposably separated into three kinds and meets processing request
Raw material, by conventional processing method, can obtain three kinds of products：One is high-grade commodity and the fabulous derivative of security
Fuel RDF；2nd, it is suitable for the inorganic building material raw material for reaching relevant national standard that various industries are used；3rd, built as new
Material and it is suitable for the multiporous biological organic fertilizer raw material that various industries are used.Zero padding is realized in the middle of whole processing procedure to bury, locate
Reason process substantially non-secondary pollution thing is produced, and had both been embodied good environmental benefit and has been got back great Reclaiming benefit, is one
Important technology is broken through.Secondly, using the heavies after air-flow selection by winnowing as biological organic fertilizer raw material, more fully make use of money
Source, the technique for separating whole rubbish has obtained perfect, realizes the target of harmless treatment rubbish.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1：Derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer are disposably prepared with high humidity mixed city garbage as raw material
The method of raw material and inorganic building material raw material, comprises the following steps：
First, the sorting of rubbish and broken：Effective mechanization is carried out to high humidity mixed city garbage to sort and broken, it is ensured that
Broken bag rate >=95%, discharge lumpiness≤100mm, and automatic sorting goes out the hardness material such as brick, rubble, metal, battery and leatherware, clothing
The large piece articles, the wherein large piece article such as leatherware, clothes return system second-time breakage after big part break process such as clothes；
2nd, trommelling：It is in special rolling to the remaining water content after sorting and be broken up to 50% shredding refuse
The process screened in shaft screen, it constitutes refuse classification into oversize and screenings two parts, the typical case of wherein oversize
For：
By typical composition list (table four, unit of the oversize after above-mentioned treatment：Weight %)
By typical composition list (table five, unit of the screenings after above-mentioned treatment：Weight %)
3rd, derivatived fuel RDF raw materials are prepared：Oversize refuse moisture 10 percentages of reduction can be realized by trommelling
Point, average moisture content is 40%, simultaneously because the removal of easily corrupt substance ensure that the calorific value of the fuel and holding time, applicable
Scope and security.
But oversize granularity is relatively large, is easily wound in drying machine and material dewatering surface area is relatively small, it is unfavorable
In drying and granulate, therefore by the bulk after the oversize of trommelling carries out secondary semi-moist crushing to lumpiness≤40mm
Thing, is then dried, and can use various drying modes, usually using special high-efficiency tobacco vapour formula stirring drier,
Dried to water content≤20% at 250-300 DEG C, obtain final product derivatived fuel RDF raw materials.To make full use of resource, high-efficiency tobacco vapour
The thermal source of formula stirring drier carries out burning supply preferably with self-produced fuel.
Above-mentioned derivatived fuel RDF raw materials are prepared into finished product, various methods can be used, such as, to particle diameter≤50mm's
The calcium oxide of rubbish block weight 3% is added in rubbish block, extruder grain is carried out again after being well mixed, forming particle diameter is
20mm, length are the granulated garbage material of 40~100mm；Then above-mentioned granulated garbage material is dried at a temperature of 100 DEG C again, extremely
Untill water content≤20%, derivatived fuel RDF finished products are obtained final product, the operation is complete using the fluidized drying cooling integrated machine of special construction
Into.
The derivatived fuel RDF prepared by said process, is had the following characteristics that：
1. the security commodity of fuel is fabulous：Because the removal fuel of the materials such as the food waste in rubbish has good guarantor
Deposit and performance.The Storage period of 1 year or so, not efflorescence and secondary fermentation can be ensured under normal temperature.Simultaneously because chlorine-bearing compound
Maximum minimizing, the yield of burning generation dioxins materials is minimum, and ignition point is low, and the abundant bed drain purge of burning is less than
15%, deslagging clinker ignition loss is less than 3%, can be better than popular smokeless burning of coal tail directly as building materials raw material, tail gas index
Vapour is discharged, and is suitable for Industrial Boiler of the coefficient of excess air more than 1.5 in any combustion process；
2nd, calorific capacity is effectively improved：Experiment proves that the rubbish of low heat value 1100Kcal/kg is processed through said process
Calorific value is up to 3000Kcal/kg afterwards；
3rd, calorific value stabilization：Through the derivatived fuel RDF after above-mentioned processing, calorific value is basically identical, it is ensured that the operation of boiler is steady
It is qualitative；
4th, because burning condition improves, output is higher than 70% effectively using heat utilization rate；Both environmental benefit is embodied, and most
Limits are realized reclaiming benefit.
Using the derivatived fuel RDF prepared by the present invention, parameters are as follows compared with municipal refuse burns in incinerator
Table：These parameters are published by 2002 Nian8Yue Guangming Daily publishing houses《Municipal waste management and treatment disposal technology standard criterion
Using practice pandect》, Section five of p804-805, the content determination of important technological parameters and economic parameters：
In a word, after method provided by the present invention prepares derivatived fuel RDF, then burned, be to change existing
The optimal path of incinerator working condition, while reducing requirement of the incineration treatment of garbage to raw material, calorific value and moisture content, improves
The scope of application of incineration, reduces energy consumption and cost, improves disposal ability and heat energy output, and greatly reduce tail gas
Caused secondary pollution, is that an important technology is broken through, additionally, can again be opened the incinerator for having stopped production using the technology
It is dynamic to use, greatly save investment.
4th, screenings biofermentation dehydration：To be taken off by carrying out biofermentation in the screenings of trommelling again fermentation tank
Water, deep aeration is turned over and pushed away, fermentation process 16-19 days, untill screenings water content≤30%；Wherein, the regulation of throughput
Carried out according to temperature and moisture situation of change.It the 1-3 days is fermentation process warming-up section, fermentation tank that material enters fermentation process
Interior temperature rises to 75 DEG C by normal temperature, and to improve the reproduction speed of aerobic strain, oxygenation capacity should control the oxygen needed for culture propagation
Scope, need to be passed through air by 1 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material daily；It the 3-10 days is fermentation that material enters fermentation process
Process constant temperature zone, temperature is maintained at 60 DEG C -70 DEG C in this stage fermentation groove, to ensure the activity and breeding potential of aerobic strain, plus
Speed evaporation moisture, effectively kills various pathogenic microbes, need to be passed through air by 3 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material daily；
It is fermentation process temperature descending section in the 10-15 days to enter fermentation process in material, and temperature is down to normal temperature by 60 DEG C -70 DEG C in fermentation tank,
To ensure cooling rate, accelerate evaporation moisture, need to be passed through air by 1 cubic metres of air/every cubic metre of material daily；
5th, prepared by inorganic building material raw material：Screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is carried out by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh
Postsearch screening, the secondary oversize to screening out carries out air-flow selection by winnowing, i.e., according to material bulk density and size distribution feature, air-flow
Air advection speed is in 5-6 meter per seconds, initial steam pressure 200mm water columns in sorting unit；Solid content is filled out in air-classifier casing
In the case of filling rate less than 20%, the light fraction for obtaining can be settled from floating object and is carbon containing purity up to more than 90%,
Aqueous 35% inorganic building material raw material, it is pieces of glass, ceramics etc. to be deposited on the heavies in air-classifier casing.
Above-mentioned inorganic building material raw material is made finished product, various methods can be used, such as：
1st, crush：With half wet crushing mill to inorganic building material raw material moisture in the case of 30-35%, it is semi-moist to be crushed to 6-40
Mesh；
2nd, the addition and stirring of activator：The inorganic building material raw material after crushing is mixed with activator using cartridge type tank diameter
Close, by 100 grams of inorganic building material：Activator 300-400ml is mixed thoroughly and is blended into the raw material that next step need to be processed；The wherein system of activator
Preparation Method is：After cadmia or zinc gray are mixed, add hydrochloric acid replace to PH be 3-4 when, the liquid for taking 36-45 ° of Baume degrees is made chlorine
Change zinc activator；
3rd, charcoal activation：Above-mentioned raw materials charcoal is activated with vertical revolving carbon activation furnace, body of heater upper end there are a large amount of Containing Zinc Chlorides to give up
Gas raises up income cooling tower, when being cooled to below 300 DEG C into falling within zinc chloride liquid hopper under viscous shape liquid, and in condensation
Tower top end is filled with cold water sprays, and less than 50 DEG C of hydrogen chloride vapor are cooled down mist formation, and falling into oblique louver with water flows into
In wastewater disposal basin, activated carbon is transferred to recovery zinc chloride to 0 degree of activation process of tail vapour Baume degrees and terminates, the activation charcoal after must activating；
4th, pickling desliming：To go out carbon activation furnace material using New Type Cylinder Agitator and add salt by the 10-18% of activation charcoal weight
Acid, carries out acid and boils 6- with more than 95 DEG C hot water (hot water heating comes from upper operation water cooling process to zinc chloride waste gas cooling treatment)
10 hours, then activation charcoal is transferred in dirt sand agitator, making carbon, husky separation, husky mud sinks to a barrel bottom discharge；
5th, chlorine is floated：The activation charcoal of pickling desliming is stirred into drift chlorine in the case where water is continuously replenished extremely using New Type Cylinder Agitator
Solution pH value is 6-7, the hydrogen chloride in removal activation charcoal；
6th, centrifugal dehydration：Centrifugal dehydration will be carried out through floating the qualified activation charcoal of chlorine using link-suspended basket centrifuge, by its moisture
Less than 60% is down to, produced water returns to sedimentation basin, secondary cycle is utilized；
7th, inorganic building material drying：Centrifugal dehydration material is sent into drying by sealing screw using cyclone type steam flow drying machine
In tower, clean hot blast is blasted to material heat drying with air blower, trapped on 120 mesh in cyclone separator and cloth bag trap
Be finished product inorganic building material, what is be not collected is the thick carbon below 120 mesh；
8th, the grinding of thick carbon is crushed：Using porcelain ball ball mill by the thick carbon below 120 mesh in ball mill, porcelain ball ball milling 2-
Reach 120-140 mesh within 6 hours, obtain finished product inorganic building material.
Inorganic building material product prepared by this method has the property that：
Because the primary raw material of domestic production inorganic building material is based on coal, thus the national standard of ature of coal Particulate inorganic building materials compared with
Perfect, the production of wooden inorganic building material is and implements, and simply defining the detection method of correlation will now produce for ease of control
Product major control index is compared.
Recycling design ature of coal Particulate inorganic building materials (GB7701.2-87) the key technical indexes and this handicraft product index pair
Compare list:
6th, the preparation of biological organic fertilizer raw material：The screen cloth that screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is passed through into 6-10 mesh
Postsearch screening is carried out, secondary screenings inorganic content >=82% for screening out, as biological organic fertilizer raw material；In order to preferably
Using resource, can be using the heavies after the air-flow selection by winnowing in the preparation of inorganic building material raw material as biological organic fertilizer raw material.
Above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer raw material is prepared into bio-organic fertilizer product, various methods can be used, such as：
1st, raw material grinds：Using Raymond mill by biological organic fertilizer Raw material processing to granularity 160-240 mesh；
2nd, homogenization is stirred：160-240 mesh biological organic fertilizers raw material is stirred into homogeneous using continuity biaxial rneader,
Some functional materials according to circumstances can be in good time added simultaneously, the silicates of adjusting strength are such as added；
3rd, extrusion forming granulation：Particle diameter 3-30mm is carried out to having stirred homogeneous using drum-type Squeezinggranulator, is made
Realize carrying out the particle being squeezed into during grain it is orthopedic round as a ball, to ensure the good sintering character of product；
4th, sintering processes：Drying sintering is carried out to extruded granule using drum-type drying sintering integrated machine, this mistake
Journey is dried and sintering operation forms integrated operation, and barrel front end is drying section, and 900-1100 DEG C of cigarette vapour of high temperature is by cylinder middle part
Spray into, the suction of tail vapour is located at barrel front end, it is therefore an objective to make full use of the waste heat produced by sintering process, enter sintered after drying
The material moisture 3-8% of journey, 900-1100 DEG C of sintering temperature；
5th, cooling treatment unit：Using drum-type cooler；By 900-1100 DEG C of biological organic fertilizer of temperature, in tiny structure
Under the conditions of carry out cooling treatment, packed after being cooled to normal temperature, cooling procedure for ensure haydite do not ftracture, cool time should protect
Card 10-15 minutes, obtains final product bio-organic fertilizer product.
The bio-organic fertilizer product possesses following characteristic：
Lytag (standard GB/T 2838-81) main performance index is contrasted with this handicraft product index
Claims (2)
1. the method for preparing derivatived fuel RDF raw materials, biological organic fertilizer raw material and inorganic building material raw material as raw material with rubbish, it is wrapped
Include the sorting of rubbish and broken, trommelling, it is characterised in that:Also comprise the following steps：
(1) it is then right again by the block after the oversize of trommelling carries out secondary semi-moist crushing to lumpiness≤40mm
Block is dried to water content≤20% obtains final product derivatived fuel RDF raw materials；
(2) biofermentation dehydration will be carried out in fermentation tank by the screenings of trommelling, daily press 1-3 cubic metres of air/
Every cubic metre of material is passed through air, and deep aeration is turned over and pushed away at a temperature of 60 DEG C -70 DEG C, fermentation process 16-19 days, until screenings
Untill water content≤30%；
Screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is carried out postsearch screening by (2-1) by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh, to what is screened out
Secondary oversize carries out air-flow selection by winnowing, obtain light fraction be carbon containing purity up to more than 91%, water content be 30% it is inorganic
Building materials raw material；
Screenings after biofermentation is dehydrated is carried out postsearch screening by (2-2) by the screen cloth of 6-10 mesh, two for screening out
Secondary screenings inorganic content >=82%, as biological organic fertilizer raw material.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Heavy portion after the air-flow selection by winnowing in step (2-1)
It is divided into biological organic fertilizer raw material.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111069245A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江华力环境科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment process |
| CN118482393A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-13 | 宜宾学院 | An intelligent kitchen waste treatment system based on RDF technology |
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| CN101153230A (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-02 | 光大环保工程技术(深圳)有限公司 | Energy supply method for production of garbage derived fuel and energy equilibrium deploying method |
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| JPH11193387A (en) * | 1997-12-29 | 1999-07-21 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for using adsorbent produced from waste |
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| CN111069245A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江华力环境科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment process |
| CN118482393A (en) * | 2024-07-15 | 2024-08-13 | 宜宾学院 | An intelligent kitchen waste treatment system based on RDF technology |
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Application publication date: 20170613 |