CN106811236B - A fluidized bed gasifier and its construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fluidized bed gasification furnace and a construction method thereof, relates to the technical field of coal catalytic gasification, and aims to simplify the construction difficulty and solve the problems of alkali corrosion resistance, weak friction resistance and easy falling of a refractory lining of the conventional catalytic gasification fluidized bed gasification furnace. The fluidized bed gasification furnace comprises a furnace body structure and a furnace chamber, wherein the furnace chamber comprises a gas chamber area, a dense-phase bed material area and a dilute-phase area, the furnace body structure comprises a pressure-resistant shell and a refractory lining, and the refractory lining contains an alkali-resistant material and comprises a first lining part and a second lining part; the second lining part comprises a first refractory pouring layer and a refractory brick building layer, wherein the first refractory pouring layer is in contact with the dense-phase bed material area and the dilute-phase area, the refractory brick building layer is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure casing, and the first refractory pouring layer is located between the inner wall of the pressure casing and the refractory brick building layer. The fluidized bed gasification furnace is provided with a first lining part and a second lining part which are manufactured in a sectional mode; the fluidized bed gasification furnace provided by the invention is used in the coal catalytic gasification technology.

Description

A fluidized bed gasifier and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal gasification, in particular to a fluidized bed gasification furnace and a construction method thereof.

Background technique

Fluidized bed gasifier is a device for catalytic gasification of coal by using fluidized bed technology. It includes a furnace body structure and a furnace cavity located in the furnace body structure. The furnace body structure includes a metal shell and refractory lining.

Generally speaking, the refractory lining is poured in the inside of the pressure shell by integral pouring of unshaped refractory materials, which not only makes the construction of the refractory lining more convenient, but also makes the poured refractory lining more integrated . However, since the refractory inner lining of the furnace structure is constructed by casting in an unshaped form, its wear resistance and alkali corrosion resistance are poor, so that when the coal catalytic gasification is carried out in the fluidized bed gasifier, Under the impact of the dust-containing gas in the furnace cavity, the refractory lining can easily cause the refractory lining to fall off in the form of flakes, resulting in blockage of the slag discharge system and affecting the stable operation of the system; moreover, in the fluidized bed gasification furnace When carrying out catalytic gasification of coal, it is necessary to load a large amount of alkali metal catalysts in the pulverized coal to ensure that the pulverized coal can undergo a catalytic gasification reaction in the fluidized bed gasifier smoothly. There are many catalysts, so that the alkalinity of the coal slag produced in the pulverized coal gasification process is relatively strong, which is easy to corrode the refractory lining, resulting in cracking, loosening and damage of the material.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fluidized bed gasification furnace and its construction method, to solve the problems of existing fluidized bed gasification furnaces, such as refractory lining, alkali corrosion resistance, weak friction resistance, etc., while simplifying the difficulty of construction. Problems such as falling off and cracking.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A fluidized bed gasifier, comprising a furnace body structure and a furnace chamber located in the furnace body structure, the furnace chamber includes a gas chamber area, a dense-phase bed material area and a dilute-phase area, and the furnace body structure includes a pressure-resistant The shell and the refractory lining in the pressure shell and in contact with the furnace cavity; the material used for the refractory lining contains alkali-resistant materials; the refractory lining includes The first lining part and the second lining part distributed in the direction of the furnace cavity from low to high; the first lining part corresponds to the gas chamber area, and the second lining part corresponds to the dense phase bed material zone and said dilute phase zone;

The second lining part includes a first refractory pouring layer and a refractory brick masonry layer as a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion structure, and the refractory brick masonry layer is in contact with the dense phase bed material area and the dilute phase area respectively, and the The first refractory casting layer is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell, and the first refractory pouring layer is located between the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell and the refractory brick laying layer.

Compared with the prior art, in the fluidized bed gasifier provided by the present invention, the material used for the refractory lining contains alkali-resistant materials, so that when the coal catalytic gasification reaction is carried out in the fluidized bed gasifier, No matter how many alkali metal catalysts are loaded in the pulverized coal, it will not cause corrosion to the refractory lining; meanwhile, in the fluidized bed gasification furnace provided by the present invention, the second inner lining includes the first refractory pouring layer and the The refractory brick masonry layer of wear-resistant and anti-corrosion structure, the refractory brick masonry layer of the second inner lining is in contact with the dense phase bed material area and the dilute phase area respectively, and the refractory brick masonry layer is made of refractory brick masonry , the refractory bricks have been fired at high temperature before this, which makes the refractory brick masonry layer able to withstand the high temperature environment in the fluidized bed gasifier when the fluidized bed gasifier is performing coal catalytic gasification reaction, and will not Due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, or the large local thermal stress during the start-up and shutdown of the furnace, damage and fall-off occur, so the integrity and sealing of the second inner lining are relatively high. Good, with excellent friction resistance and anti-penetration performance. In addition, since the first refractory pouring layer is located between the inner wall of the pressure shell and the refractory brick laying layer, the first refractory pouring layer is not only convenient for construction, but also can be aligned with the refractory brick laying layer during the construction process. The poured first refractory pouring layer plays a supporting and stabilizing role, thereby facilitating the pouring of the first refractory pouring layer.

The present invention also provides a construction method of the fluidized bed gasifier provided by the above technical solution, including:

providing a pressure-resistant shell;

A third refractory pouring layer is made on the inner wall of the pressure shell corresponding to the gas chamber area by pouring method, and a second refractory pouring layer is made on the part of the third refractory pouring layer facing the furnace cavity by pouring method layers, such that the second castable refractory layer and the third castable refractory layer constitute a first inner lining;

The second inner liner is produced by a segmented method; wherein, each section of the second inner liner comprises

The refractory brick masonry method is used to make the masonry sublayer of the refractory brick masonry layer in the part corresponding to the dense phase bed material area and the part corresponding to the dilute phase area in the pressure shell, so that the masonry sublayer There is a pouring gap between the layer and the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell; a pouring sub-layer of the first refractory pouring layer is made in the pouring gap by a pouring method.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the construction method of the fluidized bed gasifier provided by the present invention is the same as the beneficial effect of the fluidized bed gasifier provided by the above technical solution, and will not be repeated here.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fluidized bed gasifier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the part corresponding to the gas chamber area of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a specific structural schematic diagram of the part corresponding to the distribution plate area and the part corresponding to the dense-phase bed material area of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a specific structural schematic diagram of the part corresponding to the dilute phase zone, the part corresponding to the first variable diameter zone, the part corresponding to the diffusion zone, and the part corresponding to the second variable diameter zone of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention .

Detailed ways

In order to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment one

Please refer to Fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fluidized bed gasifier, including a furnace body structure and a furnace chamber located in the furnace body structure, the furnace chamber includes a gas chamber zone I, a dense phase bed material zone III and Dilute-phase zone IV; the furnace body structure includes a pressure-resistant shell 1 and a refractory lining 2, the material used for the refractory lining 2 contains alkali-resistant materials, and the refractory lining includes a first lining part 21 and a second lining part 21. The inner lining part 22, the first inner lining part 21 and the second inner lining part 22 are distributed along the direction of the furnace cavity from low to high; the part of the refractory inner lining 2 corresponding to the gas chamber area I is defined as the first inner lining part 21 , the part of the refractory lining corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III and the dilute-phase zone IV is defined as the second inner lining part 22; wherein, the second inner lining part 22 includes the first refractory castable layer 22B and a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion structure The refractory brick masonry layer 22A, the refractory brick masonry layer 22A is in contact with the dense phase bed material zone III and the dilute phase zone IV respectively, the first refractory pouring layer 22B is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure shell 1, and the first refractory pouring layer 22B Located between the inner wall of the pressure shell 1 and the refractory brick masonry layer 22A; wherein,

It can be understood that, in order to withstand the high-pressure environment of the fluidized bed gasifier, the pressure-resistant shell 1 is generally made of stainless steel.

When the coal catalytic gasification reaction is carried out, the furnace chamber of the fluidized bed gasifier is in a high temperature environment, and the coal powder loaded with an alkali metal catalyst undergoes a coal catalytic gasification reaction in the fluidized bed gasifier to generate alkaline ash and slag. The gas carrying solid particles (the mixed system of gas carrying solid particles is defined as dusty gas), the alkali-resistant material in the refractory lining 2 can reduce the coal powder loaded with catalyst and the generated slag containing alkaline substances Alkali corrosion of the refractory lining, meanwhile, the refractory brick masonry layer 22A can reduce the wear and damage of the refractory lining in the high-temperature environment and dust-containing gas in the dense-phase bed material zone III and dilute-phase zone IV.

Through the process of the coal catalytic gasification reaction after the fluidized bed gasifier provided in this embodiment, it can be seen that because the material used in the refractory lining 2 contains alkali-resistant materials, it can be carried out in the fluidized bed gasifier During the coal catalytic gasification reaction, no matter how many alkali metal catalysts are loaded in the pulverized coal, it will not cause corrosion to the refractory lining. At the same time, in the fluidized bed gasification furnace provided in this embodiment, the second lining part 22 includes a first refractory pouring layer 22B and a refractory brick masonry layer 22A as a wear-resistant and anti-corrosion structure. The refractory brick masonry layer of the second inner lining part 22 is in contact with the dense phase bed material zone III and the dilute phase zone IV respectively. The refractory brick masonry layer 22A is made of refractory bricks, and the refractory bricks have been fired at high temperature before, which makes the refractory brick masonry layer 22A can withstand the high temperature environment in the fluidized bed gasifier, and will not be damaged due to the large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the fluidized bed gasifier, or the local thermal stress during the start-up and shutdown of the fluidized bed gasifier. Therefore, the integrity and sealing performance of the second inner lining part 22 are relatively good, and have excellent resistance to friction, corrosion and penetration. In addition, since the first refractory pouring layer 22B is located between the inner wall of the pressure shell 1 and the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, generally speaking, the pouring material is poured in an irregular form to obtain a corresponding pouring layer, therefore, the second The first refractory pouring layer 22B is not only convenient for construction, but also during the construction process, the refractory brick masonry layer 22A can also support and stabilize the first refractory pouring layer 22B being poured, thereby facilitating the pouring of the first refractory pouring layer 22B .

In consideration of the functions of different regions of the chamber of the fluidized bed gasifier and the corresponding environments, the first lining part 21 and the second lining part 22 will be described in detail below in terms of structure and material.

1. The first lining part 21:

Considering that the gas chamber area I is located at the bottom of the furnace cavity, the alkaline ash produced by the catalytic coal gasification reaction can easily enter this area under the action of gravity. Therefore, please refer to FIG. 2 , the first lining part 21 includes For the alkali-resistant second refractory pouring layer 21A, when the alkaline ash slag settles under the action of gravity, the outer refractory pouring layer directly in contact with the gas chamber area 1 can realize the protection of the first inner lining part 21. Alkali protection.

Optionally, in order to ensure that the furnace chamber is in a high-temperature environment, the first lining part 21 may not only include a second refractory castable layer 21A for alkali corrosion resistance, but also a third refractory castable layer 21B for thermal insulation , just in order to prevent the high temperature heat in the furnace cavity from being conducted or radiated to the stainless steel metal furnace wall of the outermost pressure shell 1, causing the outer wall to overheat, the second refractory pouring layer 21A is in contact with the gas chamber area I, and the third refractory pouring layer 21B In contact with the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 1, the third castable refractory layer 21B is located between the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 1 and the outer castable refractory layer 21A, which not only enables the second castable refractory layer 21A to protect the third castable refractory layer 21B is free from being corroded by alkaline ash, and the third refractory pouring layer 21B can also be used for heat preservation to prevent the pressure shell 1 from overheating.

Exemplarily, the casting materials used in the second refractory casting layer 21A and the third refractory casting layer 21B are generally amorphous refractories, and the casting materials used in the third refractory casting layer 21B are corundum refractory materials; the second refractory casting Layer 21A includes composite aggregate, fine powder, superfine powder (such as corundum fine powder), cement and dispersant in any proportion; wherein, the composite aggregate is a corundum refractory material containing calcium hexaaluminate and/or magnesium aluminum spinel . Specifically, the pouring materials used in the second refractory pouring layer 21A can be proportioned according to the actual situation, as long as they include 60-80 parts of composite aggregate, 20-30 parts of fine powder, 5 parts-10 parts of superfine powder, 5 parts-10 parts of cement, 0.1 part-0.2 parts of dispersant; wherein, the fine powder in the present embodiment refers to that it can all pass through No. 5 sieve, and can pass through No. 6 sieve Sieve not less than 95% of the powder; superfine powder generally refers to the powder substance with a particle size of less than 10 μm and has the characteristics of micropowder. As for the specific types of fine powder, superfine powder and dispersant, it can be determined according to the actual pouring Reasonable selection, the particle size of the fine powder or ultrafine powder shown below is also determined by this standard.

In the second refractory pouring layer 21A in this embodiment, calcium hexaaluminate and/or magnesium aluminum spinel are added to the corundum refractory material, so that the obtained composite aggregate has good strength, thermal insulation performance and alkali corrosion resistance On this basis, the composite aggregate is used in conjunction with subdivision and ultrafine powder, so that the second refractory pouring layer 21A can also form a dense pouring structure, thereby improving the strength and integrity of the second refractory pouring layer 21A.

Optionally, in the second refractory pouring layer 21A, the particle size distribution of the composite aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder, the particle size distribution of the ultrafine powder, the particle size distribution of the cement and the particle size distribution of the dispersant are different, and the The distribution of particles with particle size distribution makes it possible for particles with different particle size distributions to fill the gaps existing in the second refractory casting layer formed under uniform particle distribution, so that the second refractory casting layer 21A formed by pouring can The structure is denser, avoiding the existence of unnecessary holes. Further, among the pouring materials used in the second refractory pouring layer 21A, cement may or may not be added; when cement is added, the cement can use its own gel agglomeration performance to support the second refractory pouring layer after pouring. 21A is well shaped to ensure the integrity of the second refractory pouring layer 21A. Moreover, since the second castable refractory layer 21A needs to be hardened after pouring, during this process, cement can make the second castable refractory layer 21A harden faster.

In addition, the second refractory castable layer 21A is provided with multiple second radial expansion joints and multiple second axial expansion joints; each second radial expansion joint is used to absorb the diameter of the second refractory castable layer 21A in the furnace cavity. Each second axial expansion joint is used to absorb the linear expansion of the second castable refractory layer 21A in the axial direction of the furnace cavity, so as to avoid the expansion of the second castable refractory layer 21A from causing the first internal The liner 22 is deformed; similarly, the third refractory pouring layer is provided with multiple third radial expansion joints and multiple third axial expansion joints; each third radial expansion joint is used to absorb the third refractory pouring layer The linear expansion of 21B in the radial direction of the furnace cavity, each third axial expansion joint is used to absorb the linear expansion of the third refractory castable layer 21B in the axial direction of the furnace cavity; it is worth noting that multiple second diameters The expansion joints, the multiple second axial expansion joints, the multiple third radial expansion joints and the multiple third axial expansion joints are staggered from each other to ensure that each expansion joint will not form a gap that runs through the entire first inner lining part 21 , so that the alkaline ash will not enter the third castable refractory layer 21B through the multiple second radial expansion joints and multiple second axial expansion joints provided in the second castable refractory layer 21A, and will not make the second castable refractory layer 21B The third refractory pouring layer 21B has the problem of poor thermal insulation. Optionally, in this embodiment, whether it is the second radial expansion joint, the third radial expansion joint, or the second axial expansion joint, the third axial expansion joint has a variety of slit shapes, generally a z-shaped slit , which can better absorb the linear expansion of the corresponding pouring layer.

In addition, each second radial expansion joint, each second axial expansion joint, each third radial expansion joint and each third axial expansion joint are filled with ceramic fiber paper, so that on the one hand, the The ceramic fiber paper prevents alkaline ash and high-temperature gas from entering the corresponding expansion joints, causing damage to the corresponding pouring layer. On the other hand, when the high temperature is compensated by the ceramic fiber paper, the second refractory pouring layer 21A and the third refractory pouring layer The slight expansion of the pouring material in 21B prevents cracks from appearing on the surface of the second refractory pouring layer 21A and the surface of the third refractory pouring layer 21B.

Exemplarily, the slit width of each second radial expansion joint and each third radial expansion joint is less than 2mm, so as to ensure that the corresponding radial expansion joints can fully absorb the corresponding refractory castable layer in the radial direction of the furnace cavity. Linear expansion, but it will not affect the performance of the corresponding refractory cast layer because the expansion joint is too wide.

Similarly, the gap width of each second axial expansion joint and each third axial expansion joint is less than 2 mm, so as to ensure that the corresponding axial expansion joints can fully absorb the corresponding refractory pouring layer in the axial direction of the furnace cavity. linear expansion, but it will not affect the performance of the corresponding refractory cast layer because the expansion joint is too wide.

It should be noted that, in order to ensure the refractory effect and integrity of the second castable refractory layer 21A and the third castable refractory layer 21B, the surface cracks of the second castable refractory layer 21A and the third castable refractory layer 21B should not exceed 2 mm. Moreover, in order to ensure that the temperature in the refractory furnace chamber conforms to the temperature range of the coal catalytic gasification reaction, it is generally necessary to calculate the thermal conductivity of the pouring material used in the first lining part 21 to control the thickness of the first lining part 21 , so as to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall of the pressure-resistant shell 1 of the fluidized bed gasifier is between 250°C and 300°C, and is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature corresponding to the steam partial pressure of the gas chamber of the fluidized bed gasifier.

Exemplarily, when the pouring material used in the outer refractory pouring layer 21A of the first inner lining part 21 includes composite aggregate, fine powder, ultrafine powder, cement and dispersant in any proportion; the third refractory pouring layer 21B uses The pouring material is a corundum refractory material; wherein, the composite aggregate is a corundum refractory material containing calcium hexaaluminate of different particle sizes and/or magnesium aluminum spinel of different particle sizes, and the total thickness of the first inner lining part 21 is 100mm-250mm , the specific thickness is set according to the material used.

2. The second lining part 22:

Considering that the dense-phase bed material zone III is an oxygen-free zone and belongs to a reducing atmosphere, the part of the second lining corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III needs to be able to resist the corrosion of alkali-containing ash slag. Therefore, the second lining part 22 corresponds to In the part of the dense-phase bed material zone III, the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A includes composite aggregate, fine powder, ultrafine powder (such as Al ₂ O ₃ fine powder) and additives in any proportion, and the first refractory pouring The pouring material used in layer 22B includes composite aggregate, fine powder, powder, binder, dispersant and sintering agent in any proportion; wherein, the composite aggregate is calcium hexaaluminate and/or magnesium aluminum spinel Corundum refractory material. Since the refractory brick firing material used in the refractory brick masonry layer 22A and the pouring material used in the first refractory pouring layer 22B all contain composite aggregate, and the composite aggregate contains calcium hexaaluminate and/or magnesium aluminum tip The corundum refractory material of spar, therefore, both the refractory brick masonry layer 22A and the first inner refractory pouring layer 22B have good strength, thermal insulation performance and alkali corrosion resistance.

On this basis, the refractory brick firing materials used in the refractory brick masonry layer 22A also contain fine powder and ultrafine powder. Through the combination of ultrafine powder and composite aggregate, the fired refractory brick not only has good strength And alkali corrosion resistance, and can also form a dense brick structure, therefore, the structure of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A made of refractory bricks is relatively dense, and has good wear resistance, penetration resistance and corrosion resistance; In addition, since the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A and the pouring material of the first inner refractory pouring layer 22B both contain alkali-resistant composite aggregates, and the second inner refractory pouring layer 22B is also located in the pressure-resistant Between the inner wall of the housing 1 and the refractory brick laying layer 22A, this enables the second inner refractory pouring layer 22B to assist the refractory brick laying layer 22A to resist the erosion of alkali-containing ash for the second time.

Optionally, the particle size distribution of the composite aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder, the particle size distribution of the superfine powder and the particle size distribution of the additive are different, so that the distribution of particles with different particle size distributions makes the different particle size distributions The particles can fill the gaps existing in the first cast refractory layer 22B formed under uniform particle distribution, which can make the structure of the first cast refractory layer 22B denser and avoid unnecessary holes.

Exemplarily, the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A contains 45-60 parts of composite aggregate, 40-50 parts of fine material, 5-10 parts of The superfine powder, as for additives, can be added according to the actual situation. Among the pouring materials used in the first refractory pouring layer 22B, in parts by mass, it contains 60-80 parts of composite aggregate, 20-30 parts of fine material, and 5-10 parts of superfine powder. The amount of binder, dispersant and sintering agent can be added according to the routine.

In addition, in order to improve the stability of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, the refractory brick masonry layer 22A includes a plurality of masonry sub-layers arranged along the height direction of the furnace cavity, and the refractory brick masonry layer 22A also includes A plurality of refractory supporting brick boards are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the cavity, and a masonry sub-layer is arranged between two adjacent refractory supporting brick boards, so that the masonry sub-layer can be supported and strengthened by each refractory supporting brick board , so as to ensure the stability and strength of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A formed by the masonry sub-layer; optionally, a ceramic fiber cushion is provided between the masonry sub-layer and the refractory pallet brick, and the ceramic fiber cushion can be Ordinary ceramic fiber paper can also be other ceramic insulation materials. By setting a ceramic fiber cushion between the masonry sub-layer and the refractory supporting bricks, the heat introduced into the furnace cavity and the masonry sub-layer through the refractory supporting bricks can be reduced. , so as to ensure the uniformity of the heating of the entire refractory brick masonry layer 22A, avoid the damage caused by uneven heating to the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, and at the same time avoid the heat in the furnace cavity through the rotating plate to cause the pressure-resistant stainless steel material. on the pressing case.

Exemplarily, the distance between two adjacent refractory supporting brick boards is 2.5m, so as to limit each masonry sub-layer to be no higher than 2.5m.

It can be understood that the multiple refractory supporting bricks of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A are generally fixed on the inner wall of the pressure shell 1 by welding, so as to ensure that the refractory supporting bricks provide sufficient support for the sub-layers of the masonry However, considering that the pressure shell 1 will exert a certain stress on the refractory brick masonry layer 22A through the refractory brick support plate, resulting in unstable factors in the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, this embodiment adopts the pressure shell 1 The first refractory pouring layer 22B is set between the inner wall and the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, so that the first refractory pouring layer 22B can buffer the pressure resistance while assisting the refractory brick masonry layer 22A to resist the erosion of alkali-containing ash for the second time. The stress exerted by the housing 1 on the refractory brick laying layer 22A through the refractory brick supporting board ensures the integrity and stability of the refractory brick laying layer 22A.

It is worth noting that the brick seams of two adjacent refractory brick layers of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A are staggered; the first refractory pouring layer 22B is provided with a plurality of first radial expansion joints and a plurality of first axial expansion joints; Each first radial expansion joint is used to absorb the linear expansion of the first refractory castable layer 22B in the radial direction of the furnace cavity, and each first axial expansion joint is used to absorb the first refractory castable layer 22B in the axial direction of the furnace cavity. linear expansion to occur; multiple first radial expansion joints, multiple first axial expansion joints are respectively staggered with the brick joints of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A, to avoid the first radial expansion joints and the refractory brick masonry layer The brick joints of 22A form through joints, resulting in poor heat preservation, and can also prevent the gas-solid mixed system from entering the first refractory pouring layer 22B through the brick joints of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A and multiple axial expansion joints; It should be noted that the gas-solid mixed system in the dense phase region can be called gas-solid particles, while the gas-solid mixed system in the dilute phase region is called dusty gas.

Optionally, the shapes of the first radial expansion joints and multiple first axial expansion joints in this embodiment are various, generally z-shaped joints, which can better absorb the line corresponding to the first refractory castable layer 22B. swell.

Optionally, each first radial expansion joint and each first axial expansion joint are filled with ceramic fiber paper, so that on the one hand, the ceramic fiber paper can prevent gas-solid particles and high-temperature gas from entering the corresponding expansion joint, For the damage caused by the corresponding pouring layer, on the other hand, ceramic fiber paper can also be used to compensate the micro-expansion of the castable in the first refractory pouring layer 22B at high temperature, so as to prevent cracks on the surface of the first refractory pouring layer 22B.

Exemplarily, the interlayer gap formed by two adjacent refractory brick layers of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A is defined as a horizontal seam, the width of the horizontal seam is less than 1.5mm, and the gap formed between two adjacent refractory bricks of the same layer Defined as a vertical seam, the width of the vertical seam is less than 1mm; wherein, the width direction of the horizontal seam is the same as the extension direction of the vertical seam, and the width direction of the vertical seam is the same as the extension direction of the horizontal seam. In addition, the first radial expansion joint and the first axial expansion joint have a variety of slit shapes, generally Z-shaped slits, which can better absorb the linear expansion of the corresponding pouring layer.

Generally speaking, the refractory bricks of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A are built with refractory mud, and the refractory mud is generally a corundum refractory material with calcium hexaaluminate as the aggregate, so that the refractory mud has certain alkali corrosion resistance and refractory effect, but the stability of this masonry method is not particularly good, therefore, in the present embodiment, the brick surface of each refractory brick of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A is provided with a positioning structure; the positioning structure is the first positioning tenon or Positioning groove, and in the same refractory brick, the current brick surface of the refractory brick is provided with a positioning tenon, and the brick surface corresponding to the current brick surface is provided with a positioning groove, so that two adjacent refractory bricks can pass through the positioning tenon and the positioning groove Masonry is realized in a coordinated manner, so that two adjacent refractory bricks can be closely combined, thereby improving the integrity and stability of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A.

It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the temperature in the furnace chamber conforms to the temperature range of the coal catalytic gasification reaction, it is generally necessary to calculate the thermal conductivity of the pouring material used in the second lining part 22 to control the temperature of the second lining part 22. 22, so as to ensure that the temperature of the outer wall of the pressure-resistant shell 1 of the fluidized bed gasifier is between 210°C and 250°C, which is greater than or equal to the dew point temperature corresponding to the steam partial pressure of the gas chamber of the fluidized bed gasifier.

Exemplarily, when the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A in the part of the second inner lining part 22 corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III includes composite aggregate and ultrafine powder in any proportion, the second inner refractory pouring layer The pouring material used in 22B includes any proportion of graded composite aggregate, powder (such as corundum powder, Al ₂ O ₃ powder), binder and dispersant; the thickness of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A is 100mm-150mm, The thickness of the second inner refractory pouring layer 22B is 100mm-150mm, and the specific thickness is set according to the material used.

Optionally, please refer to Fig. 1. In the fluidized bed gasifier provided in this embodiment, a gas outlet 101 is provided on the top of the furnace chamber, and a slagging outlet 102 is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber. The furnace chamber not only includes a gas chamber area I. Dense phase bed material zone III and dilute phase zone IV also include distribution plate zone II and diffusion zone VI, and along the direction from low to high of the furnace cavity, the furnace cavity includes gas chamber zone I and distribution plate zone II , dense-phase bed material zone III, dilute-phase zone IV and diffusion zone VI, the second lining portion 21 of the refractory lining 2 and distribution plate zone II, dense-phase bed material zone III, dilute-phase zone IV and diffusion zone VI Corresponding; among them,

The part of the pressure-resistant shell 1 corresponding to the gas chamber area I is provided with a first gas inlet 112, and the first gas inlet 112 communicates with the gas chamber area I; the first gas inlet 112 is used to inject combustible gas, air or gasification agent; The part of the pressure shell 1 corresponding to the distribution plate area II is provided with an ignition port 113 and a fly ash inlet 122. The ignition port 113 and the fly ash inlet 122 are respectively connected with the distribution plate area II. The ignition port 113 is used to ignite combustible gas, and the fly ash inlet 113 Used to inject the fly ash separated from the gas flowing out of the gas outlet 101;

The part of the pressure-resistant shell 1 corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III is provided with a second gas inlet 121 and a pulverized coal inlet 111, and the second gas inlet 121 and the pulverized coal inlet 111 are respectively communicated with the dense-phase bed material zone III; the pulverized coal inlet 111 is used to inject catalyst-loaded coal powder, which is generally an alkali metal catalyst, and the second gas inlet 121 is used to inject hydrogen and carbon monoxide separated from the gas flowing out of gas outlet 101 .

During specific work, first inject combustible gas (or air) into the part of the gas chamber area 1 through the first gas inlet 112, so that the combustible gas is distributed in the entire furnace chamber, and then the combustible gas is ignited through the ignition port 113, and the furnace chamber is ignited. Oven to keep the furnace chamber at a high temperature. When the required temperature is reached, the pulverized coal loaded with catalyst enters the dense-phase bed material zone III of the fluidized bed gasifier through the pulverized coal inlet 111, and the mixed gas of superheated steam and oxygen is used as The gasification agent enters the gas chamber area I from the first gas inlet 112. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, the pulverized coal reacts with the gasification agent under the action of the catalyst to undergo gasification, transformation, methanation and other reactions to generate methane, carbon monoxide, etc. , hydrogen and other effective gas components and carbon dioxide, a small amount of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, etc., these gases are discharged through the gas outlet 101, and are separated, so that fly ash, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are separated, and the carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed through the second gas inlet 121 The gasification agent is fully utilized through the bed into the dense-phase bed material zone III, and the fly ash is injected into the distribution plate zone II from the fly ash inlet 113, so that the fly ash can continue to burn and fully utilize the pulverized coal. function, so that the pulverized coal can be gasified as much as possible to avoid unnecessary waste; in addition, the residual semi-coke or alkaline ash after gasification is discharged from the slag discharge outlet 102.

Specifically, after the pulverized coal reacts with the gasification agent under the action of the catalyst to undergo gasification, transformation, methanation and other reactions, the generated gas will drive a part of the solid particles with relatively light weight to move to the top of the furnace cavity together, but due to The radial dimension of the diffusion zone VI is relatively large. When the gas moves here, the moving speed will slowly decrease, so that the solid particles mixed in the gas can be provided with sufficient settling time, so that the solid particles can fall into the flow here. Continue the reaction in the bed layer.

Considering that there are not only gas-phase substances but also a large number of solid particles in the distribution plate area II and the dense-phase bed material area III, in order to avoid the formation of flow dead zones on the surface of the refractory lining for these substances under high temperature and high pressure , optional, please refer to Fig. 1 and the figure, in the second inner lining part 22, the surface of the refractory brick masonry 22A and the distribution plate area II contact, and/or the refractory brick masonry layer 22A and the dense phase bed material area III The contact surfaces are respectively provided with a plurality of diversion grooves for changing the direction of fluid flow. When the gas phase substances and solid particles flow to the surface of the refractory brick laying layer 22A in contact with the distribution plate area II, and/or the refractory brick laying The surface of the layer 22A in contact with the dense-phase bed material zone III can use the diversion grooves on it to guide the gas phase substances and solid particles, so as to change their flow mode, and enhance the flow of gas phase substances and solid particles in the refractory brick masonry. Back mixing at layer 22A, thereby reducing the formation of flow dead zones.

Optionally, the inner contour of the diversion groove is generally an arc surface, so that the flow mode of gaseous substances and solid particles can be uniformly changed in the diversion groove, so as not to cause damage to the refractory due to excessive changes in the flow mode. Impact of brick masonry layer 22A.

In addition, the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A of the second inner lining part 22 corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV includes corundum aggregate, fine powder and ultrafine powder in any proportion; the second inner lining part 22 corresponds to the dilute phase zone IV. The casting material used in the first refractory casting layer 22B of the part of Phase Zone IV includes corundum refractory material, powder, bonding agent, dispersing agent and sintering agent in any proportion,

Exemplarily, in terms of parts by mass, in the part of the second inner lining part 22 corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV, the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A includes 45 parts to 60 parts of corundum aggregate, 40 parts -50 parts of corundum powder and 5 parts to 10 parts of superfine powder; in parts by mass, in the part of the second lining part 22 corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV, the casting material used for the first refractory casting layer 22B includes 60-80 parts of corundum refractory material, 20-30 parts of fine powder, 5-10 parts of binder (such as cement), 0.1-0.2 parts of dispersant, as for the sintering agent, it can be added according to actual needs .

Optionally, the particle size distribution of the corundum aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder and the particle size distribution of the ultrafine powder in the refractory brick masonry layer 22A of the part corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV of the second inner lining part 22 are different, so that by The distribution of particles with different particle size distributions makes it possible for particles with different particle size distributions to form gaps in the part of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A corresponding to dilute phase zone IV in the second inner lining part 22 formed under the uniform particle distribution. Filling can make the structure of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A of the part of the second inner lining part 22 corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV more dense, avoiding the existence of unnecessary holes; similarly, the second inner lining part 22 The particle size distribution of the corundum refractory material, the particle size distribution of the powder material, the particle size distribution of the binder, the particle size distribution of the dispersant and the particle size distribution of the sintering agent in the first refractory castable layer 22B corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV The diameter distribution is different, which can also make the structure of the corundum refractory material in the part of the first refractory cast layer 22B corresponding to the dilute phase zone IV of the poured second inner lining part 22 more dense, and avoid unnecessary holes.

It should be noted that, in order to reduce the difference in radial length between the dilute-phase zone IV and the diffusion zone VI, and the impact on the anti-corrosion lining, a barrier for gradually increasing the radial length is provided between the dilute-phase zone IV and the diffusion zone VI. The first variable diameter zone V is the same as that between the diffusion zone VI and the top of the furnace cavity, and a second variable diameter zone VII with gradually decreasing radial length is provided.

The various parts of the anti-corrosion lining of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in this embodiment will be further described below, and for the convenience of description below, please refer to Figures 1-4, according to the different areas of the pressure-resistant shell 1 corresponding to the furnace chamber , the pressure-resistant shell 1 is divided into an air chamber pressure-resistant shell 11, a distribution plate pressure-resistant shell 12, a dense-phase bed material pressure-resistant shell 13, a dilute-phase pressure-resistant shell 14, and a first variable-diameter pressure-resistant shell Body 15, diffusion pressure-resistant shell 16 and second variable-diameter pressure-resistant shell 17, and according to the different regions of the refractory lining 1 corresponding to the furnace cavity, the first inner lining part 21 is the gas chamber refractory lining, and the second The lining part 22 includes a distribution plate refractory lining 221, a dense phase bed material refractory lining 222, a dilute phase refractory lining 223, a first variable diameter refractory lining 224, a diffusion refractory lining 225 and a second refractory lining. Reduced diameter refractory lining 226.

Considering that the distribution plate area II is an oxygen-containing area, which belongs to an oxidative atmosphere, the material selected for the refractory lining must be able to resist the corrosion of alkali-containing ash in an oxygen atmosphere. The dense-phase bed material refractory lining 222 corresponds to The dense-phase bed material zone III is essentially an oxygen-free zone on the upper part of the distribution plate, and the atmosphere in this zone is a reducing atmosphere. The part of the second lining corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III must be able to resist the corrosion of alkali-containing ash slag, so , please refer to Fig. 3, the refractory brick masonry layer 221A of the refractory material lining of the distribution plate is the same as the refractory brick masonry layer 222A of the dense phase bed material refractory lining. The first refractory casting layer 221B of the lining is made of the same casting material as the first refractory casting layer 222B of the dense-phase bed material refractory inner lining. For its beneficial effects, refer to the material related description of the corresponding dense-phase bed material refractory inner lining 222 .

Of course, the pouring material used for the first refractory castable layer 222B lined with dense-phase bed material refractory materials can not only be ordinary corundum castables (and the pouring material used for the first refractory castable layer 223B lined with dilute-phase refractory materials) same material), or alkali-resistant castable (consistent with the pouring material used in the first refractory castable layer 221B of the refractory inner lining of the distribution plate), but the cost will increase when alkali-resistant castable is used.

Optionally, please refer to Fig. 4, since the dilute-phase zone IV, the first variable-diameter zone V, the diffusion zone VI and the second variable-diameter zone VII are all oxygen-free zones, belonging to a reducing atmosphere, and the content of alkali-containing fly ash is low, Therefore, the dilute-phase region IV, the first variable-diameter region V, the diffusion region VI and the second variable-diameter region VII basically have no impact on the corresponding dilute-phase refractory lining 223, the first variable-diameter refractory lining 224, the diffusion-resistant Material lining 225, the second variable diameter refractory lining 226 cause alkaline corrosion; The refractory brick masonry layer 225A of the diffused refractory lining and the refractory brick masonry layer 226A of the second reduced-diameter refractory lining use the same firing materials; the first refractory pouring of the dilute-phase refractory lining layer 223B, the first refractory casting layer 224B of the first reducing diameter refractory lining, the first refractory casting layer 225B of the diffusion refractory lining and the first refractory casting layer 226B of the second reducing refractory lining The pouring material is the same.

It should be noted that since the dilute phase zone IV, the first variable diameter zone V, the diffusion zone VI and the second variable diameter zone VII already belong to the area outside the coal catalytic gasification reaction area, there is no need to consider whether the flow dead zone is formed here. Problem, therefore, the surface of the refractory brick masonry layer 223A of the dilute-phase refractory lining is in contact with the dilute-phase zone, the surface of the refractory brick masonry layer 224A of the first variable-diameter refractory lining is in contact with the first variable-diameter zone, The surface of the refractory brick masonry layer 225A of the diffusion refractory lining and the diffusion zone, and the surface of the refractory brick masonry layer 226A of the second reducing refractory lining and the second reducing zone do not need to make diversion grooves .

Embodiment two

Referring to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for constructing a fluidized bed gasifier; specifically, it includes the following steps:

The first step is to provide a pressure-resistant casing 1; the third refractory pouring layer 21B is made on the inner wall of the pressure-resistant casing 1 corresponding to the gas chamber area 1 by pouring method, and the third refractory pouring layer 21B faces the furnace by pouring method. The second refractory casting layer 21A is made in the cavity, so that the second refractory casting layer 21A and the third refractory casting layer 21B constitute the first inner lining part 21;

In the second step, the second inner lining part 22 is made by a segmented method; wherein, each section of making the second inner lining part 22 includes:

The refractory brick masonry method is used to make the masonry sub-layer of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A in the part corresponding to the dense-phase bed material zone III and the part corresponding to the dilute-phase zone IV in the pressure shell 1, so that the masonry sub-layer and the corresponding dilute phase zone IV are made. There is a pouring gap between the inner walls of the pressure shell 1; the pouring sub-layer of the first refractory pouring layer 22B is made in the pouring gap by a pouring method.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the construction method of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the fluidized bed gasifier provided in the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.

Optionally, when the furnace cavity of the fluidized bed gasifier also includes the first variable diameter zone V and the second variable diameter zone VII, the second step also includes adopting the refractory brick masonry method in the first variable diameter zone VII. The refractory brick masonry layer 22A is made in the pressure shell 15 and the second variable-diameter pressure-resistant shell 17, so that the refractory brick masonry layer 22A is connected to the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 12 of the distribution plate and the dense-phase bed material pressure-resistant shell respectively. There is a pouring gap between the inner wall of the body 13, the inner wall of the dilute-phase pressure-resistant shell 14, and the inner wall of the diffusion pressure-resistant shell 16; the first refractory pouring layer 22B is made in the pouring gap by a pouring method.

Optionally, adopt the refractory brick masonry method to make the masonry of the refractory brick masonry layer 22A in the parts corresponding to the distribution plate area II, the dense phase bed material area III, the dilute phase area IV and the diffusion area VI in the pressure shell 1 For the sub-layer, the masonry form of staggered joint masonry is adopted, and the masonry sub-layer of the refractory brick masonry layer is made block by block.

In order to describe the construction method of the refractory lining more clearly, the manufacturing methods of different parts of the refractory lining will be described in detail below.

1. The first lining part 21:

Please refer to Figures 1 and 2, the first inner lining part 21 is the refractory inner lining of the air chamber, which is carried out in stages and layers during production, specifically including the following steps:

S11: The third refractory pouring layer 21B is fabricated on the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 11 of the air chamber in sections by using the pouring method, wherein the pouring is performed in sections upward from the bottom of the furnace, and the first layer is made on the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 11 of the air chamber in sections. For the third refractory pouring layer 21B, anchor nails are densely welded on the inner wall of the air chamber pressure shell 11, and the pouring mold is spliced on the inner wall of the air chamber pressure shell 11. The splicing gap is controlled within 1.5mm, and the segment spacing is controlled. In 0.5m-1m, the specific height is determined in combination with the material of the stainless steel furnace wall, the coefficient of linear expansion, the material of the heat insulation material, the coefficient of linear expansion and the design of the expansion joint, and then introduce the pouring material in an unshaped state into the pouring mold and vibrate it in time After 24 hours of vibrating, remove the formwork and move up, and so on, finally complete the pouring of the third refractory pouring layer 21B, each section must be poured once in a row, and the third radial expansion joint and Expansion joints in the third axis;

In addition, after the third refractory pouring layer 21B is poured, it can be naturally cured at room temperature for 2 days to 5 days, and then it can be preferentially dried to remove adsorbed water, bound water and part of crystallized water.

S12: Making the second refractory pouring layer 21A by segmenting the third refractory pouring layer 21B facing the air chamber area I by pouring method;

The pouring material of the second refractory pouring layer 21A is corundum refractory material in an amorphous state, which plays the role of heat preservation and heat insulation; wherein, it is poured in sections from the bottom of the furnace upwards, and the sections are in the third refractory pouring layer 21B facing the air chamber area When the second refractory pouring layer 21A is made in the part I, the anchor nails are densely welded on the inner wall of the gas chamber pressure casing 11, and the pouring mold is spliced on the inner wall of the gas chamber pressure casing 11, and the splicing gap is controlled within 1.5mm. , and the segment spacing is controlled at 0.5m-1m. The specific height is determined in combination with the stainless steel furnace wall material, linear expansion coefficient and heat insulation material material, linear expansion coefficient and the design of the expansion joint, and then the pouring in the unshaped state is introduced into the pouring mold. The materials should be vibrated in time. After 24 hours of vibrating, the formwork should be removed and moved up. By analogy, the pouring of the second refractory pouring layer 21A is finally completed. Each section must be poured once in a row. During the pouring construction, radial Outer expansion joints and axial outward expansion joints. It should be noted here that the radial outward expansion joints of the second refractory castable layer 21A, the axial outward expansion joints and the second radial expansion of the third refractory castable layer 21B should be ensured. The joints and the second axial expansion joints are staggered from each other to avoid the formation of through joints. For specific reasons, please refer to the description in the corresponding part of Embodiment 1.

In addition, after the second refractory pouring layer 21A is poured, it can be naturally cured at room temperature for 2 days to 5 days, and then it can be preferentially dried to remove adsorbed water, bound water and part of crystallized water.

It should be noted that the refractory lining of the gas chamber can be baked according to the oven curve after the production is completed, so as to ensure that the cracks of the lining refractory material are controlled below 2mm after the hot oven; it can also be the same as other parts of the refractory lining After the overall assembly and welding, oven treatment is carried out together.

2. The second lining part 22:

1. The production method of the distribution plate refractory lining 221 and the dense-phase bed material refractory lining 222 are the same, and the following takes the production method of the distribution plate refractory lining 221 as an example to illustrate; please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3, the distribution The manufacturing method of the plate refractory inner lining 221 specifically includes the following steps:

S21: In the form of staggered joint masonry, block by block and layer by layer, the refractory brick masonry method is used to make the refractory brick masonry layer 221A of the distribution plate refractory lining on the inner wall of the distribution plate pressure-resistant shell 12 Masonry sub-layers, so that there is a pouring gap between the masonry sub-layers and the inner wall of the distribution plate pressure shell 12;

When building the refractory brick masonry layer 221A sub-layer of the refractory lining, the anchor nails and the refractory rotating plate used to fix the refractory brick layer are first welded on the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell 12 of the distribution plate. The supporting rotating plate is welded on the inner wall of the distribution plate pressure-resistant shell 12 at intervals along the height direction of the furnace cavity, and the distance between two adjacent refractory brick supporting plates is 2.5m to ensure the distance between the two adjacent refractory brick supporting plates. The height of the masonry sub-layer is not higher than 2.5m; after the anchor nails are welded on the inner wall of the distribution plate pressure shell 12 and the multiple refractory supporting plates used to fix the refractory brick layer are reserved, the second layer of refractory lining of the distribution plate is reserved. The pouring gap of the first refractory pouring layer 221B is followed by the laying of refractory bricks. The positioning grooves and positioning tenons are used to cooperate between two adjacent refractory bricks to achieve stable fixation, so as to avoid the pressure of the pressure-resistant shell of the distribution plate. The inner wall welding fixture of 12 can also improve the close connection between refractory bricks and refractory bricks, and improve the integrity and stability of the sub-layer of the refractory brick masonry layer 221A of the masonry refractory inner lining.

In addition, in the process of masonry, the gap formed between two adjacent refractory bricks of the same layer is defined as a vertical joint, and its width is <1mm, and the gap formed between two adjacent refractory bricks is defined as a horizontal joint. , its width <1.5mm;

S22 uses the pouring method to make the pouring sub-layer of the first refractory pouring layer 221B of the distribution plate refractory lining in the previously reserved pouring gap, the specific method is the same as the method for pouring each section of the first inner refractory pouring layer 21B, the difference is only The section spacing is controlled at 0.6m-1.2m, and the specific height is determined in combination with the stainless steel furnace wall material, linear expansion coefficient and refractory material, linear expansion coefficient and the design of the expansion joint.

S22: Use the method of S21 to make the next masonry sub-layer of the refractory brick masonry layer 221A lined with distribution plate refractory materials on the already prepared masonry sub-layer, and then use the method of S22 to place the already poured distribution plate On the basis of the first section of the second inner refractory pouring layer 221B of the refractory lining, pour the next pouring sublayer of the first refractory pouring layer 221B of the refractory lining, and so on, to finally complete the distribution plate Fabrication of the refractory brick masonry layer 21A and the second inner refractory pouring layer 221B of the refractory lining.

Optionally, when laying the next sub-layer, ceramic fiber paper can be added on the refractory pallet bricks first, and then the refractory bricks are laid, and the second inner layer of the refractory lining of the distribution plate is poured. Each section of the refractory castable layer 221B shall reserve a second axially inner expansion joint and a second radially inner expansion joint to absorb corresponding linear expansion.

In addition, the refractory bricks used in the refractory brick masonry layer 221A of the refractory lining of the masonry distribution board are fired first. The specific firing includes: mixing composite aggregate and ultrafine powder, forming, drying, The refractory bricks are obtained by firing at a high temperature of 1600°C-1800°C for 7 days in the kiln; and the surface of the refractory bricks used here is made with two or more diversion grooves, and the inner contour of the diversion grooves is an arc surface , improve the gas flow mode on the surface of refractory bricks, enhance the back-mixing of particles at the wall surface, and avoid the formation of flow dead zones.

2. Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the production methods of the dilute-phase refractory lining 223, the first variable-diameter refractory lining 224, the diffusion refractory lining 225 and the second variable-diameter refractory lining 226 are the same, and Their manufacturing method differs from that of distribution plate refractory lining 221 and dense-phase bed material refractory lining 222 only in some differences in the materials used and the structure of refractory bricks. The following is the thin-phase refractory lining 223 as an example to illustrate these differences:

When the refractory bricks used in the refractory brick masonry layer 223A lined with dilute-phase refractory materials are produced, the firing materials of the refractory bricks are corundum brick powder and superfine powder, which are mixed, formed, and dried in the shuttle kiln The refractory bricks are formed by firing at a high temperature of 1700°C-1850°C for 7 days. The surface of the refractory brick masonry layer 223A of the dilute phase refractory lining and the dilute phase zone IV is not processed with diversion grooves. For specific reasons, see Example 2 Description of the corresponding part.

It should be noted that no matter which area of the furnace cavity the pressure-resistant shell 1 corresponds to, the anchor nails of the pressure-resistant shell should keep a certain distance from the ring plate and the refractory brick plate to avoid direct contact, so as not to conduct heat in the furnace To the outer wall of the gasification furnace, the outer wall is overheated, and at the same time, 2-4 small round holes or rectangular holes are reserved on the position of the castable on the refractory brick plate to avoid heat concentration and heat conduction problems; all areas of the furnace body, refractory The brick joints (1mm-2mm) of the brick masonry layer are all filled with alkali-resistant corrosion castables as refractory mud, preferably corundum refractory materials with calcium hexaaluminate as aggregate.

After the refractory inner lining is made, it needs to be dried in an overall oven. Because the refractory brick layer is sintered at high temperature before the layer, the oven curve follows the first refractory pouring layer 22B, the second refractory pouring layer 21B and the third refractory pouring layer. The oven curve of the pouring material selected for the refractory pouring layer 21B is to be oven-dried. At the initial low temperature, the heating rate and the residence time at each temperature should be strictly controlled, so as to avoid the water vapor pressure in the refractory material exceeding the tensile strength of the material. Delamination and collapse of the lining will occur when the tensile strength is increased. Usually, the oven is divided into several sections to remove the adsorbed water, bound water and crystallized water respectively. For example: control the room temperature to 150°C and continue to heat up slowly to remove the adsorbed water on the particle surface, keep the temperature at 150°C for a period of time to completely remove the adsorbed water on the particle surface; For a period of time, the bound water of the gel is completely removed; 350°C-550°C continues to slowly increase the temperature, stay at 550°C for a period of time, completely removes the crystal water; It has high temperature structure, high strength and other characteristics. The final temperature of the oven is set at about 100°C higher than the operating temperature of the gasifier.

In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in an appropriate manner.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (16)

1. A fluidized bed gasification furnace comprises a furnace body structure and a furnace chamber positioned in the furnace body structure, wherein the furnace chamber is arranged from low to high along the furnace chamber, the furnace chamber comprises a gas chamber area, a distribution plate area, a dense-phase bed material area, a dilute-phase area and a diffusion area which are sequentially arranged, and the furnace body structure comprises a pressure-resistant shell and a refractory lining which is arranged in the pressure-resistant shell and is contacted with the furnace chamber; the lining is characterized in that the lining made of the refractory material contains alkali-resistant material; the refractory lining comprises a first lining part and a second lining part which are distributed along the direction from low to high of the furnace chamber; the first lining part corresponds to the air chamber area, and the second lining part corresponds to the distribution plate area, the dense-phase bed material area, the dilute-phase area and the diffusion area;

the second lining part comprises a first refractory pouring layer and a refractory brick masonry layer serving as a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant structure, the refractory brick masonry layer is respectively contacted with the distribution plate area, the dense-phase bed material area, the dilute-phase area and the diffusion area, the first refractory pouring layer is contacted with the inner wall of the pressure casing, and the first refractory pouring layer is positioned between the inner wall of the pressure casing and the refractory brick masonry layer;

the first lining part comprises a second refractory pouring layer for resisting alkali corrosion; or the like, or a combination thereof,

the first lining portion comprises a second refractory pouring layer used for resisting alkali corrosion and a third refractory pouring layer used for preserving heat and insulating heat, the second refractory pouring layer is in contact with the air chamber area, the third refractory pouring layer is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure casing, and the third refractory pouring layer is located between the inner wall of the pressure casing and the second refractory pouring layer.

2. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the casting material used in the second refractory casting layer comprises composite aggregate, fine powder, ultra-fine powder, cement and a dispersing agent in any proportion; the particle size distribution of the composite aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder, the particle size distribution of the superfine powder, the particle size distribution of the cement and the particle size distribution of the dispersing agent are different; the pouring material used by the third fireproof pouring layer is a corundum fireproof material;

wherein the composite aggregate is a corundum refractory material containing calcium hexaluminate and/or magnesium aluminate spinel.

3. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the second refractory casting layer is provided with a plurality of second radial expansion joints and a plurality of second axial expansion joints; the third refractory pouring layer is provided with a plurality of third radial expansion joints and a plurality of third axial expansion joints;

each second radial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the second refractory casting layer in the radial direction of the furnace cavity, and each second axial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the second refractory casting layer in the axial direction of the furnace cavity;

each third radial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the third refractory casting layer in the radial direction of the furnace cavity, and each third axial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the third refractory casting layer in the axial direction of the furnace cavity;

the plurality of second radial outer expansion joints, the plurality of second axial outer expansion joints, the plurality of third radial expansion joints and the plurality of third axial expansion joints are staggered with one another; and ceramic fiber paper is filled in each second radial expansion joint, each second axial expansion joint, each third radial expansion joint and each third axial expansion joint.

4. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the refractory brick masonry layer includes a plurality of masonry sublayers arranged along a height direction of the furnace chamber, the refractory brick masonry layer further includes a plurality of refractory brick supporting plates arranged at intervals along the height direction of the furnace chamber, the plurality of refractory brick supporting plates are fixed on an inner wall of the pressure casing, one masonry sublayer is disposed between two adjacent refractory brick supporting plates, and a ceramic fiber cushion is disposed between the masonry sublayer and the refractory brick supporting plates.

5. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the first refractory casting layer is provided with a plurality of first radial expansion joints and a plurality of first axial expansion joints;

each first radial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the first refractory casting layer in the radial direction of the furnace cavity, and each first axial expansion joint is used for absorbing linear expansion of the first refractory casting layer in the axial direction of the furnace cavity;

wherein the brick joints of two adjacent refractory brick layers of the refractory brick masonry layer are staggered; the first radial expansion joints and the first axial expansion joints are staggered with brick joints of the refractory brick masonry layer, and ceramic fiber paper is filled in each first radial expansion joint and each first axial expansion joint.

6. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a brick face of each refractory brick of the refractory brick masonry layer is provided with a positioning structure; the positioning structure is a positioning tenon or a positioning groove, in the same refractory brick, the current brick surface of the refractory brick is provided with the positioning tenon, and the brick surface of the refractory brick corresponding to the current brick surface is provided with the positioning groove.

7. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer includes composite aggregate, fine powder, ultra-fine powder, and an additive in any ratio in a portion of the second lining portion corresponding to the dense-phase bed material region, and the particle size distribution of the composite aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder, the particle size distribution of the ultra-fine powder, and the particle size distribution of the additive are different in the refractory brick masonry layer;

the pouring material used by the first fireproof pouring layer comprises composite aggregate, fine powder, a bonding agent, a dispersing agent and a sintering agent in any proportion; in the first refractory pouring layer, the particle size distribution of the composite aggregate, the particle size distribution of the fine powder, the particle size distribution of the bonding agent, the particle size distribution of the dispersing agent and the particle size distribution of the sintering agent are different;

wherein the composite aggregate is a corundum refractory material containing calcium hexaluminate and/or magnesium aluminate spinel.

8. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein in a portion of the second lining section corresponding to the dilute phase zone, the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer includes corundum aggregate, fine powder, and ultrafine powder in any ratio, and a particle size distribution of the corundum aggregate, a particle size distribution of the fine powder, and a particle size distribution of the ultrafine powder are different;

the pouring material used by the first fireproof pouring layer comprises corundum fireproof material, fine powder, a bonding agent, a dispersing agent and a sintering agent in any proportion; the corundum refractory material has different particle size distribution, powder particle size distribution, binder particle size distribution, dispersant particle size distribution and sintering agent particle size distribution.

9. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a gas outlet is provided at the top of the furnace chamber, and a slag discharge outlet is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber; the part of the pressure shell corresponding to the air chamber area is provided with a first gas inlet which is communicated with the air chamber area; the first gas inlet is used for injecting combustible gas, air or gasifying agent;

the part of the pressure-resistant shell corresponding to the distribution plate area is provided with an ignition port and a fly ash inlet, and the ignition port and the fly ash inlet are respectively communicated with the distribution plate area; the ignition port is used for igniting combustible gas, and the fly ash inlet is used for injecting fly ash separated from gas flowing out of the gas outlet;

a second gas inlet and a coal powder inlet are arranged on the part of the pressure-resistant shell corresponding to the dense-phase bed material area, and the second gas inlet and the coal powder inlet are respectively communicated with the dense-phase bed material area; the coal powder inlet is used for injecting coal powder loaded with a catalyst, and the second gas inlet is used for injecting hydrogen and carbon monoxide separated from gas flowing out of the gas outlet.

10. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of diversion grooves for changing the flow direction of fluid are respectively formed on the surface of the refractory brick masonry layer contacting the distribution plate region and/or the surface of the refractory brick masonry layer contacting the dense bed material region.

11. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 9, wherein the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer is the same in a portion of the second lining corresponding to the distributor region and a portion corresponding to the dense bed material region, and the casting material used in the first refractory casting layer is the same.

12. The fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 9, wherein a first reducing zone for gradually increasing the radial length is provided between the dilute phase zone and the diffusion zone, and a second reducing zone for gradually decreasing the radial length is provided between the diffusion zone and the top of the furnace chamber; the refractory lining also corresponds to the first reducing area and the second reducing area.

13. The fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 12, wherein the refractory brick firing material of the refractory brick masonry layer is the same in a portion corresponding to the dilute phase region, a portion corresponding to the first reducing region, a portion corresponding to the diffusion region, and a portion corresponding to the second reducing region, and the casting material used for the first refractory casting layer is the same.

14. A method of constructing a fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

providing a pressure-resistant shell;

manufacturing a third refractory pouring layer on the inner wall of the pressure casing corresponding to the air chamber area by adopting a pouring method, and manufacturing a second refractory pouring layer on the part, facing the furnace chamber, of the third refractory pouring layer by adopting the pouring method, so that the second refractory pouring layer and the third refractory pouring layer form a first lining part;

manufacturing a second lining part by adopting a segmentation method; wherein each segment of the second lining portion is made of

A masonry sublayer of a refractory brick masonry layer is manufactured on the part, corresponding to the dense-phase bed material area, in the pressure-resistant shell body and the part, corresponding to the dilute-phase area, in a refractory brick masonry method, so that a pouring gap is formed between the masonry sublayer and the inner wall of the pressure-resistant shell body; and manufacturing a pouring sublayer of the first fireproof pouring layer in the pouring gap by adopting a pouring method.

15. The method for constructing a fluidized-bed gasification furnace according to claim 14, wherein when the third refractory casting layer is formed on the portion of the inner wall of the pressure casing corresponding to the air chamber region by casting, the third refractory casting layer is formed in a segmented manner; and when the second refractory pouring layer is manufactured on the part, facing the furnace cavity, of the third refractory pouring layer by adopting a pouring method, the second refractory pouring layer is manufactured in a segmented mode.

16. The method for constructing a fluidized bed gasification furnace according to claim 14, wherein when the masonry sublayer of the refractory brick masonry layer is manufactured by a refractory brick masonry method at the part corresponding to the dense-phase bed material region and the part corresponding to the dilute-phase region in the pressure housing, the masonry sublayer of the refractory brick masonry layer is manufactured by a block-by-block layer-by-layer masonry method in a staggered masonry manner;

and when the pouring sublayer of the first inner fireproof pouring layer is manufactured in the pouring gap by adopting a pouring method, the pouring sublayer of the first inner fireproof pouring layer is manufactured in a segmented mode.

Images