CN106818558A - Plant-fish co-cultured type is biological floating bed and its method for breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and a raising method thereof, which belong to the fields of aquaculture, environmental protection fishery and resource recycling and effective utilization. The ecological floating bed is as follows: in the pond, from top to bottom, the fence net, the floating bed and the cage are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole; aquatic plants are planted in the cage. The method includes: ① selection and feeding of fish species; ② selection and planting of aquatic plants; ③ disease prevention and control of fish; ④ adjustment of buoyancy of floating bed; The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and remarkable effect; it can effectively improve the water quality of the water body, increase the transparency of the water body, and reduce the consumption of water resources; it can prevent aquatic animals from gnawing on the roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants, and ensure that the aquatic plants can grow well. Improve the decontamination effect; can effectively reduce the occurrence of fish diseases and improve the quality of fish meat; it is suitable for eutrophic water bodies such as polluted rivers, reservoirs and lakes, and is conducive to vigorous promotion.

Description

Fish and grass symbiosis ecological floating bed and raising method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the fields of aquaculture, environmental protection fishery and resource recycling and effective utilization, and in particular relates to a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and a raising method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the one-sided emphasis on high output value and the expansion of breeding scale, some aquaculture ponds have been polluted more than their self-purification capacity, and the long-term accumulated negative effects have caused the degradation of the ecosystem. In the past 20 years, the domestic aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, and the scale of intensive high-density precision farming ponds has been expanding day by day. Under such conditions, the absorption and utilization efficiency of various baits, chemicals, antibiotics and other substances put into the pond during the breeding process is low, and most of them accumulate together with the excrement of aquatic animals to form pollutants. With the wanton discharge of aquaculture wastewater, It also caused serious non-point source pollution to the entire ecological environment, which in turn caused a series of problems such as cyanobacteria blooms, frequent diseases, and fishery product quality and safety.

The rapid development of the aquaculture industry, such as the above-mentioned environmental and food safety issues, has aroused widespread attention from the whole society. Healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture. Therefore, the purification and recycling of aquaculture wastewater has become a current research hotspot.

In related research, heterogeneous gibel crucian carp and Smilax spp. were mixed in outdoor ponds to establish a symbiotic system of fish and grass. By monitoring the changes of the main physical and chemical factors of the water body and measuring the growth of the heterogeneous gibel carp, the effect of raising grass in cages on the removal of the main nutrient salts in the aquaculture water body, Smilax has obvious purification effect, and can effectively absorb TP (total phosphorus) and TN (total nitrogen), increase DO (dissolved oxygen) in water, stabilize water, and promote the growth of heterogeneous gibel carp.

The structure of the traditional intensive pond was transformed and optimized, and an integrated bio-purification and repair system composed of aquatic higher plants, aquaculture animals and microbial compound preparations was constructed in the intensive fish pond, in order to achieve the best results through the synergy of the three. The water purification function can improve the efficiency of farming, reduce the cost of farming, reduce the discharge of farming wastewater to the external environment, and save water for fish farming.

The closed circulating water aquaculture model has obvious advantages in terms of resource demand, environmental protection and production capacity, and has become the choice for more and more countries to achieve sustainable development. The water treatment system is the core of the circulating water aquaculture system, which directly determines the production capacity of the system. Due to increasingly stringent legislation and demanding requirements on breeding density, water treatment systems in developed countries have become increasingly complex, which directly increases production costs and greatly limits the application of this technology in China and other developing countries. Utilizing N, P and other nutrient elements in aquaculture wastewater for agricultural production is not only a low-cost ecological treatment technology, but also can produce certain economic benefits. It has always been a frontier research field and an international hotspot in this discipline.

Problems existing in the existing floating bed: management is difficult; when fish and grass coexist, herbivorous and omnivorous fish often eat aquatic plants used for water purification, resulting in poor results; for the purification of eutrophic large water bodies such as rivers, reservoirs and lakes, It is easy to cause decontamination plants to grow wildly and destroy the ecological balance of water bodies; and decontamination plants die and rot due to seasonal changes, causing secondary pollution to water bodies.

Therefore, it is of great significance to invent a kind of fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and its feeding method, which has the characteristics of simple production, convenient management, prevention of aquatic animals from gnawing on the roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants, and effective improvement of water quality.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed and a breeding method thereof.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

1. Fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed (floating bed for short)

Including pond, water, fish and aeration equipment, the pond is filled with water and fish are raised, and the inflated end of the aeration equipment extends into the bottom of the pond;

Equipped with fence nets, buoyancy frames and cages;

In the pond, from top to bottom, the fence net, floating bed and cage are connected in turn to form a half-closed whole;

Aquatic plants are planted in cages.

2. Feeding method based on fish and vegetable symbiotic ecological floating bed (referred to as method)

This method is:

① Fish species selection and feeding;

②Selection and planting of aquatic plants;

③Disease control of fish;

④Adjust the buoyancy of the floating bed;

⑤ cleaning cages;

⑥Use of oxygenation equipment;

⑦ Determination of physical and chemical indicators.

The present invention has following advantage and positive effect:

①The structure of the floating bed is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is remarkable;

②It can effectively improve the water quality of the water body, increase the transparency of the water body, and reduce the consumption of water resources;

③ It can prevent aquatic animals from gnawing on the roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants, ensure the good growth of aquatic plants and improve the decontamination effect;

④ It can effectively reduce the occurrence of fish diseases and improve the quality of fish meat;

⑤ It can avoid the crazy growth of decontamination plants and the phenomenon of destroying the ecological balance of water bodies;

⑥Applicable to eutrophic water bodies such as polluted rivers, reservoirs and lakes, which is conducive to vigorous promotion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this floating bed;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fixture;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of fence net;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of buoyancy bar;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of floating bed body;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of aquatic plant colonization.

In the picture:

A—Pond, B—Water, C—Fish, D—Aquatic plants, E—Aeration equipment;

10—barrier netting,

11—square fence, 12—support bar;

20—floating bed body,

21 — frame,

22—Fixer,

23 — buoyancy rods,

251, 252...25N—1st, 2nd...N adjustment jacks, N is a natural number, 2≤N≤10;

30 — cages,

31—square steel ring, 32—mesh bag, 33—circular steel ring,

34—planting net, 35—string, 36—small heavy bag.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment describe in detail:

1. Floating bed

1. Overall

As shown in Fig. 1, the floating bed includes pond A, water B, fish C and aeration equipment E, and the pond A is filled with water B and fish C, and the aeration end of the aeration equipment E extends into the bottom of the pond A;

A fence net 10, a buoyancy frame 20 and a cage 30 are provided;

In the pond A, from top to bottom, the fence net 10, the floating bed 20 and the cage 30 are sequentially connected to form a semi-closed whole;

Aquatic plants D are planted on the floating bed 20 .

2. Functional components

1) Barrier net 10

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the barrier net 10 includes a square seine net 11 connected up and down (the aperture is a polyethylene white fishing net with a side length of 0.1 cm) and 4 support bars 12;

Its function is to prevent water surface debris and fish from entering the net cage 30.

2) Floating bed 20

As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the floating bed 20 includes a frame 21, a fixture 22 and a buoyancy rod 23;

The four fixers 22 clamp the four corners of the frame 21 respectively, and the protruding ends of the four fixers 22 are respectively inserted into the adjustment sockets of the four buoyancy rods 23 .

(1) Frame 21

The frame 21 is square and is formed by connecting four UPVC pipes and four double-way right-angle joints.

(2) Holder 22

As shown in Figure 2, the fixer 22 is a U-shaped elastic clip;

Its function is to be tightly clamped on the frame 21 , and its two protruding ends are inserted into the adjustment jacks of the buoyancy rod 23 to transmit the buoyancy to the frame 21 .

(3) Buoyancy rod 23

As shown in Figure 4, the buoyancy rod 23 is a long foam column (density 18kg/m3), on which there are 1st, 2nd...N adjustment jacks 231, 232...23N, N is a natural number, 2≤ N≤10.

Its function is to adjust buoyancy.

3) cage 30

As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the cage 30 includes a square steel ring 31, a net bag 32, a circular steel ring 33, a planting net 34 and a small heavy bag 36;

Square steel ring 31, net bag 32 and circular steel ring 33 are connected into a whole successively, and planting net 34 is arranged in the net cage 30, and water plant D is planted; Planting net 34 is connected by string 35 and small weight bag 36, Play the effect of balancing and pulling the planting net 34.

Mesh bag 32 top and bottom circle, aperture is 0.4cm;

Planting net 34, aperture is side length 5cm.

3. Working mechanism

The present invention is a fish and grass symbiotic ecological floating bed, through which the aquatic plants D planted in the floating bed can absorb eutrophication factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, improve the water quality, and make the fish C grow in a good water B, thereby reducing the risk of fish diseases It can improve the quality of fish meat and increase the output; the invention has simple structure, environmental protection and ecology, and is easy to operate. The floating bed is suitable for planting and fixing a variety of decontamination plants, and is convenient for harvesting in the purification process of eutrophic water bodies such as polluted rivers, reservoirs and lakes. , can also avoid the crazy growth of sewage grass D and destroy the ecological balance of the water body, which is conducive to vigorous promotion.

2. Feeding method

① Fish species selection and feeding

1) Selection of experimental fish species

The experimental fish species is Qihe crucian carp, which is a unique fish species in Hebi, Henan Province. The same batch of summer flower species in the same year was selected, with a weight of about 5g (the weight difference between parallel fish species in the same experiment should not exceed 0.5g). robust;

2) Feeding

When feeding floating pellet feed, the feed should have good stability and palatability, and require freshness, no deterioration, good physical properties, and stable nutritional content; the uniformity of feed processing and the particle size of feed raw materials meet the quality requirements of feed processing. Adhere to the principle of "four determinations" (timing, positioning, qualitative and quantitative), and generally feed 3 times a day from May to September, early, middle and late; feed 2 times a day from February to April and October to November. Feed in the morning and evening; stop feeding in winter when the water temperature is lower than 10°C.

②Selection and planting of aquatic plants

1) Selection and planting of aquatic plants

The experimental aquatic plants use hornwort, and choose hornwort that grows vigorously and has no branches. The top interception length is 20cm-25cm; The action should be gentle, and it is not advisable to pull the nylon cable tie too tightly, so as not to cause mechanical damage to the plant; other experimental aquatic plants such as foxtail, bitter grass, and weed.

2) Waterweed management methods

Regularly observe the growth of hornwort, salvage dead hornwort and sundries in the fence net 10; harvest according to a certain growth density, and timely replace cold and warm seasonal plants to ensure water purification effect.

③Disease control of fish

Prevention is the priority, and indiscriminate use of drugs is strictly prohibited. Before stocking fish fry and fingerlings, carry out strict disinfection, soak in 2%–4% salt water for 5 minutes, or soak in 20 mg L-1 (20°C) potassium permanganate solution for 20–30 minutes, and find that dead The fish should be fished out in time, the cause of death should be diagnosed and buried in the soil; remedial measures should be taken;

④ Adjust the buoyancy of the floating bed

With the growth of hornwort, the biomass in the net cage increases, and the load on the floating bed increases. The adjustment jack of the buoyancy rod 23 should be adjusted in time to make the buoyancy rod 23 sink and fix with the fixer 22, so that the frame 21 of the floating bed always floats on the water surface Similarly, after the aquatic plants are harvested, the load on the floating bed is weakened, and the buoyancy rod 23 needs to be raised so that the frame 21 of the floating bed is always floating on the water surface.

⑤Cleaning the net cage

The net cage 30 is regularly cleaned (cleaning once a week in summer), mainly cleaning filamentous algae and dirt on the net bag 32 . When cleaning, use a hairbrush to gently scrub the outer surface of the mesh bag 32 in water, and after the filamentous algae and dirt attached to the mesh have been scrubbed off, gently lift the floating bed to rinse the floating bed up and down in water for 2 to 3 times. Filamentous algae and dirt in the net bag 32 are discharged to prevent a large number of them from adhering to the mesh, blocking the mesh, affecting light and water exchange, thereby affecting the growth of hornwort algae.

⑥ Use of oxygen enrichment equipment

Turn on the machine for 2-3 hours at noon on sunny days to improve bait utilization and promote water circulation; turn it on in the morning on cloudy days, and turn it on all day in continuous rainy weather to prevent floating heads and increase feeding rate.

⑦Determination of physical and chemical indicators

Dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and nitrite should be measured every 5 days, and routine indicators should be simply detected, such as light intensity, transparency, pH value and dissolved oxygen.

3. Test situation

Experimental time: June-September

Experimental location: Aquatic Production Base of Henan Normal University, Xinxiang City, Henan Province

1) Preparation before experiment

1. Experimental breeding tank

The height of the barrel is 100cm, and the inner diameter is 80cm; before the experimental fish is put into the barrel, it is thoroughly disinfected with potassium permanganate solution, and filled with water and aerated for more than three days;

2. Floating bed

The water area covered by the floating bed is 30×30cm. Thoroughly disinfect the connected floating bed with potassium permanganate solution and set aside;

3. Density of fish and grass

1) fish

30 tails are stocked in each breeding bucket;

2) Grass

30 plants were planted in each floating bed.

4.

4. Experimental results

A fish and grass symbiosis type ecological floating bed breeding method, after three months of experiments in June, July and August:

Hornwort algae grows well and has a strong ability to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus, which can effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content in water;

The transparency of the water body is always maintained at 30-45cm, the pH value is 7-8, and the dissolved oxygen is 8-10mg L ^-1 ;

It can effectively reduce the occurrence of fish diseases.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of plant-fish co-cultured type is biological floating bed, including pond（A）, water（B）, fish（C）And oxygen increasing equipment（E）, in pond（A） It is interior full of water（B）With raising fish（C）, oxygen increasing equipment（E）Stretch into pond in inflation one end（A）Bottom；

It is characterized in that：

It is provided with column protecting wire net（10）, buoyancy framework（20）And net cage（30）；

In pond（A）It is interior, from top to bottom, column protecting wire net（10）, floating bed（20）And net cage（30）It is sequentially connected composition one semiclosed whole Body；

Pasture and water（D）It is planted in net cage（30）It is interior.

2. the plant-fish co-cultured type as described in claim 1 is biological floating bed, it is characterised in that：

Described blocks protecting wire net（10）Including the square purse seine being vertically connected with（11）With 4 support bars（12）.

3. the plant-fish co-cultured type as described in claim 1 is biological floating bed, it is characterised in that：

Described floating bed（20）Including framework（21）, fixator（22）And Buoyancy bar（23）；

Four fixators（22）The corner of framework 21, and four fixators are clamped respectively（22）External part insert respectively four float Power rod（23）Regulation jack in；

Described framework（21）It is square, is formed by connecting by 4 UPVC pipes and 4 bilateral angle couplings；

Described fixator（22）It is a kind of U-shaped elastic clip；

Described Buoyancy bar（23）It is a kind of Thysanophyllum of strip, is provided with the 1st, 2 ... N regulation jacks（231、 232……23N）, N is natural number, 2≤N≤10.

4. the plant-fish co-cultured type as described in claim 1 is biological floating bed, it is characterised in that：

Described net cage（30）Including square steel ring（31）, mesh bag（32）, circular steel ring（33）, plantation net（34）With small weight bag （36）；

Square steel ring（31）, mesh bag（32）With circular steel ring（33）An entirety is in turn connected into, net is planted（34）It is arranged at net Case（In 30）, supply water grass（D）Plantation；Plantation net（34）By cord（35）With small weight bag（36）Connection, plays balance and leads Draw plantation net（34）Effect；

Mesh bag（32）Square top and round bottom, aperture is 0.4cm；

Plantation net（34）, aperture is length of side 5cm.

5. the biological floating bed method for breeding of plant-fish co-cultured type described in claim 1-4 is based on, it is characterised in that：

1. fingerling is selected and fed；

2. pasture and water selection and field planting；

3. the disease control of fish；

4. floating bed buoyancy is adjusted；

5. net cage is cleaned；

6. the use of oxygen increasing equipment；

7. physical and chemical index is determined.

6. the biological floating bed method for breeding of plant-fish co-cultured type as described in claim 5, it is characterised in that 4. step adjusts floating bed and float Power：

With the growth of hornwort, biomass increases in net cage, and floating bed is born a heavy burden to be increased, and should in time adjust Buoyancy bar（23）Regulation Jack, makes Buoyancy bar（23）Sink and fixator（22）It is fixed, make the framework of floating bed（21）All the time bubble through the water column；Equally, it is aquatic After plant harvesting, floating bed is born a heavy burden and is weakened, it is also desirable to make Buoyancy bar（23）Rise, make the framework of floating bed（21）All the time bubble through the water column.