CN106803680B - Energy management method and system for echelon battery pack energy storage power station - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理系统，该系统采用分布式拓扑结构，包括梯次电池模块、储能变流器、监控系统，在监控系统中设定监控周期，并在每个监控周期开始时执行以下步骤：步骤1，通过每个支路梯次电池模块的内部设置的荷电状态采集单元，采集每个梯次电池模块的荷电状态，并通过CAN总线上传至监控系统；步骤2，监控系统依据各支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及设定的动态功率值，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，并将该功率值下发给对应的储能变流器进行控制，进而控制每个支路的充电/放电的实时功率。本发明保证了总功率满足系统需求，同时提升系统的运行效率和寿命，规避单个支路过充或过放导致单支路失效的风险。
The invention proposes an energy management system for an echelon battery energy storage power station. The system adopts a distributed topology structure and includes echelon battery modules, energy storage converters, and a monitoring system. The monitoring cycle is set in the monitoring system, and each The following steps are performed at the beginning of each monitoring cycle: Step 1. The state of charge of each echelon battery module is collected through the state-of-charge acquisition unit set inside each branch echelon battery module, and uploaded to the monitoring system through the CAN bus; Step 2: The monitoring system calculates the power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch based on the state of charge of each branch's ladder battery module and the set dynamic power value, and sends the power value to the corresponding energy storage transformer. The current converter is controlled to control the real-time power of charging/discharging of each branch. The invention ensures that the total power meets the system demand, while improving the operating efficiency and lifespan of the system, and avoiding the risk of single branch failure caused by overcharge or overdischarge of a single branch.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及储能充电领域，具体提供一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理方法和系统。The invention relates to the field of energy storage and charging, and in particular provides an energy management method and system for an energy storage power station of a cascade battery pack.
背景技术Background technique
目前，电动汽车行业及产业发展十分迅速，随着电动汽车的推广应用，存在巨量的退役梯次电池，梯次电池剩余容量通常在80％以上，有较大的利用空间。如何寻找合适的梯次利用场景对如此巨量的动力电池进行再利用，成为电动汽车行业面临的严峻问题。而储能行业中储能电站的建设需要大量的低成本储能电池，目前电动汽车退役的低成本梯次电池如果能够在储能领域得到有效利用，将会极大的促进储能行业的发展。At present, the electric vehicle industry and industry are developing very rapidly. With the popularization and application of electric vehicles, there are a huge number of retired echelon batteries. The remaining capacity of echelon batteries is usually more than 80%, which has a large space for utilization. How to find a suitable cascade utilization scenario to reuse such a huge amount of power batteries has become a serious problem faced by the electric vehicle industry. The construction of energy storage power stations in the energy storage industry requires a large number of low-cost energy storage batteries. If the low-cost echelon batteries currently retired from electric vehicles can be effectively used in the energy storage field, it will greatly promote the development of the energy storage industry.
基于在电动汽车上电池应用情况的差异，不同梯次电池的荷电状态存在较大差异，在储能应用时存在较多的技术问题，如何规避电池荷电状态差异，采用合适的方法，实现梯次电池在储能领域的大规模有效利用，成为电动汽车与储能行业急需解决的技术难题。Based on the difference of battery application conditions in electric vehicles, the state of charge of batteries of different stages is quite different, and there are many technical problems in energy storage application. The large-scale and effective utilization of batteries in the field of energy storage has become an urgent technical problem for the electric vehicle and energy storage industry.
现有设计方法采用单支路或多支路总体控制，控制目标仅考虑系统功率需求，未考虑支路荷电状态或多支路荷电状态的精细化能量管理，在多支路状态下不能保证系统的整体运行效率和寿命的最大化。The existing design method adopts single-branch or multi-branch overall control, and the control target only considers the system power demand, and does not consider the branch state of charge or the refined energy management of the multi-branch state of charge. Ensure the overall operating efficiency and life of the system are maximized.
本发明拟解决的问题如下：1)如何实现荷电状态存在较大差异的梯次电池储能电站综合能量管理；2)如何提高基于荷电状态存在较大差异的梯次电池储能电站的运行效率及寿命。The problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows: 1) how to realize the comprehensive energy management of the cascade battery energy storage power station with large differences in the state of charge; 2) how to improve the operation efficiency of the cascade battery energy storage power station based on the large difference in the state of charge and lifespan.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，本发明提供了一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理方法和系统，采用分布式荷电状态采集、集中智能计算与动态功率分配的管理方法，在满足系统充放电功率的需求前提条件下，对于不同荷电状态的梯次电池支路功率进行动态分配，可实现基于梯次电池的不同荷电状态的储能电站的能量管理，同时提升了荷电状态存在较大差异的梯次电池储能电站系统的运行效率及寿命。In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy management method and system for a cascade battery energy storage power station. Under the premise of the demand of system charging and discharging power, the branch power of the echelon battery with different states of charge can be dynamically allocated, which can realize the energy management of the energy storage power station based on the different state of charge of the echelon battery, and at the same time improve the existence of the state of charge. The operating efficiency and lifespan of the echelon battery energy storage power station system with large differences.
本发明提出的一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理方法，设定监控周期，在每个监控周期开始时执行以下步骤：The energy management method of a cascade battery energy storage power station proposed by the present invention sets a monitoring period, and executes the following steps at the beginning of each monitoring period:
步骤1，采用分布式荷电状态采集的方法采集储能电站的每个支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态，并设定各支路总的动态功率值；Step 1, adopt the method of distributed state of charge collection to collect the state of charge of the battery modules of each branch of the energy storage power station, and set the total dynamic power value of each branch;
步骤2，依据各支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及动态功率值，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，并依据该功率值控制每个支路的充电/放电的实时功率。Step 2: Calculate the real-time control power value of each branch according to the state of charge and dynamic power value of the battery modules of each branch, and control the real-time charging/discharging power of each branch according to the power value.
优选的，每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值得计算方法为：Preferably, the calculation method of the power value that needs to be controlled in real time of each branch is:
用i表示梯次电池模块的支路序号，其中i＝1,2,.....,n；n为梯次电池模块的支路总个数；Use i to represent the branch serial number of the battery module of the ladder, where i=1,2,...,n; n is the total number of branches of the battery module of the ladder;
步骤21，计算每个支路梯次电池模块当前可用容量Ei，公式为Step 21: Calculate the current available capacity E i of each branch echelon battery module, the formula is
Ei＝SOCi*ENE i =SOC i *EN
其中SOCi为第i个支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态，EN每个支路梯次电池模块的原始标称能量；where SOC i is the state of charge of the i-th branch echelon battery module, and EN is the original nominal energy of each branch echelon battery module;
步骤22，计算每个支路梯次电池模块的充电/放电时间t0i，公式为Step 22: Calculate the charging/discharging time t 0 i of each branch echelon battery module, the formula is
t0i＝Ei/PKt 0 i=E i /PK
其中PK为标准充电/放电倍率；where PK is the standard charge/discharge rate;
步骤23，计算各支路梯次电池模块的充电/放电时间的平均值tav0，公式为Step 23: Calculate the average value tav 0 of the charging/discharging time of the battery modules in each branch, and the formula is:
tav0＝(t01+t02+…+t0n)/ntav 0 =(t 0 1+t 0 2+…+t 0 n)/n
步骤24，计算每个支路梯次电池模块充电/放电时间控制在tav0值时对应的功率值P0i，公式为Step 24: Calculate the corresponding power value P 0 i when the charging/discharging time of each branch echelon battery module is controlled at the tav 0 value, the formula is:
P0i＝Ei/tav0 P 0 i=E i /tav 0
步骤25，计算充电/放电时间控制在tav0值各支路梯次电池模块对应的功率值P0i的和与需求功率P的比值kp，公式为Step 25: Calculate the ratio kp of the sum of the power values P 0 i corresponding to the echelon battery modules of each branch circuit corresponding to the tav 0 value and the required power P, and the formula is
kp＝(P01+P02+…+P0n)/Pkp=(P 0 1+P 0 2+…+P 0 n)/P
步骤26，计算每个支路梯次电池模块实际需要充电/放电的实时功率Pi，公式为Step 26: Calculate the real-time power Pi that each branch echelon battery module actually needs to charge/discharge, and the formula is:
Pi＝P0i/kp。Pi=P 0 i/kp.
本发明还提供了一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理系统，该系统采用分布式拓扑结构，包括梯次电池模块、储能变流器、监控系统；The invention also provides an energy management system for a cascade battery pack energy storage power station. The system adopts a distributed topology structure and includes a cascade battery module, an energy storage converter, and a monitoring system;
在每个支路梯次电池模块的内部设置有荷电状态采集单元，用于每个监控周期开始时采集各支路梯次电池模块的电荷状态；A state-of-charge acquisition unit is arranged inside each branch ladder battery module, which is used to collect the state of charge of each branch ladder battery module at the beginning of each monitoring period;
监控系统用于根据每个监控周期所采集的各支路梯次电池模块的电荷状态；依据各支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及动态功率值，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，并依据该功率值控制每个支路的充电/放电的实时功率；The monitoring system is used to calculate the state of charge of the battery modules of each branch ladder collected in each monitoring cycle; calculate the real-time power value that needs to be controlled for each branch according to the state of charge and dynamic power value of the battery modules of each branch ladder , and control the real-time power of charging/discharging of each branch according to the power value;
储能变流器用于根据计算得到的每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，控制各支路梯次电池模块在每个监控周期内的充电/放电的实时功率。The energy storage converter is used to control the real-time power of charging/discharging of the battery modules of each branch in each monitoring period according to the calculated power value of each branch that needs to be controlled in real time.
优选的，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值的方法为上述每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值得计算方法。Preferably, the method for calculating the power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch is the above-mentioned method for calculating the power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch.
优选的，电池模块、储能变流器、监控系统之间分别采用高速CAN总线进行连接。Preferably, a high-speed CAN bus is used for connection between the battery module, the energy storage converter, and the monitoring system, respectively.
优选的，所述的储能变流器为双向储能变流器。Preferably, the energy storage converter is a bidirectional energy storage converter.
本发明周期性的采用分布式荷电状态采集、集中智能计算与动态功率分配的管理方法保证了总功率满足系统需求，同时每个支路功率设定值和本支路荷电状态相关，多支路充放电时间基本持平，可逐步调整各支路荷电状态向平均值靠拢，提升系统的运行效率和寿命，规避单个支路过充或过放导致单支路失效的风险。The invention periodically adopts the management method of distributed state of charge collection, centralized intelligent calculation and dynamic power distribution to ensure that the total power meets the system requirements, and at the same time, the power setting value of each branch is related to the state of charge of this branch, and many The branch charging and discharging time is basically the same, and the state of charge of each branch can be gradually adjusted to be closer to the average value, which improves the operating efficiency and life of the system, and avoids the risk of single branch failure caused by overcharging or overdischarging of a single branch.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是基于梯次电池的储能电站的模块化设计系统拓扑框图；Fig. 1 is the topological block diagram of the modular design system of the energy storage power station based on the ladder battery;
图2是每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值计算方法的流程框图。FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
考虑到储能电站的梯次电池模块化多支路的电路拓扑，本发明采用分布式荷电状态采集、集中智能计算与动态功率分配的管理方法，在满足系统充放电功率的需求前提条件下，对于不同荷电状态的各支路梯次电池模块支路功率进行动态分配，可实现基于各支路梯次电池模块的不同荷电状态的储能电站的能量管理，同时提升了荷电状态存在较大差异的梯次电池储能电站系统的运行效率及寿命。Considering the circuit topology of the modular multi-branch circuit of the cascade battery of the energy storage power station, the present invention adopts the management method of distributed state of charge collection, centralized intelligent calculation and dynamic power distribution, and under the premise of satisfying the demand of the system charging and discharging power, Dynamic distribution of the branch power of each branch battery module with different states of charge can realize the energy management of the energy storage power station based on the different states of charge of the battery modules of each branch, and at the same time improve the existence of large state of charge. Operational efficiency and lifespan of different echelon battery energy storage power station systems.
如图1所示，本实施例的一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理系统，包括电池模块、储能变流器、监控系统；As shown in FIG. 1 , an energy management system of a cascade battery pack energy storage power station in this embodiment includes a battery module, an energy storage converter, and a monitoring system;
将每个支路的电池模块作为梯次电池模块，在每个支路梯次电池模块的内部设置有荷电状态采集单元，用于每个监控周期开始时采集各支路梯次电池模块的电荷状态；每个支路梯次电池模块内部的荷电状态采集单元通过CAN-A总线，将所采集的每个支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及相关控制保护信息上传给监控系统；The battery module of each branch is used as a secondary battery module, and a state-of-charge acquisition unit is arranged inside the secondary battery module of each branch, which is used to collect the state of charge of the secondary battery module of each branch at the beginning of each monitoring period; The state-of-charge acquisition unit inside each branch ladder battery module uploads the collected state of charge and related control protection information of each branch ladder battery module to the monitoring system through the CAN-A bus;
监控系统用于根据每个监控周期所采集的各支路梯次电池模块的电荷状态；依据各支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及动态功率值，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，并依据该功率值控制每个支路的充电/放电的实时功率；本实施例中每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值的计算采用能量管理算法进行计算；The monitoring system is used to calculate the state of charge of the battery modules of each branch ladder collected in each monitoring cycle; calculate the real-time power value that needs to be controlled for each branch according to the state of charge and dynamic power value of the battery modules of each branch ladder , and control the real-time power of the charging/discharging of each branch according to the power value; in the present embodiment, the calculation of the power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch is calculated using an energy management algorithm;
储能变流器通过CAN-B总线接收监控系统下发的每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，通过CAN-C总线控制各支路梯次电池模块在每个监控周期内的充电/放电的实时功率。The energy storage converter receives the real-time power value of each branch that needs to be controlled from the monitoring system through the CAN-B bus, and controls the charging/discharging of the battery modules of each branch in each monitoring cycle through the CAN-C bus real-time power.
本实施例中的储能变流器为双向储能变流器；The energy storage converter in this embodiment is a bidirectional energy storage converter;
本实施例基于上述能量管理系统还给出了一种梯次电池组储能电站的能量管理方法，在监控系统中设定监控周期，并在每个监控周期开始时执行以下步骤：Based on the above energy management system, the present embodiment also provides an energy management method for a cascade battery pack energy storage power station. A monitoring period is set in the monitoring system, and the following steps are performed at the beginning of each monitoring period:
步骤1，通过每个支路梯次电池模块的内部设置的荷电状态采集单元，采用分布式荷电状态采集的方法采集储能电站的每个支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态，并将所采集的荷电状态信息通过CAN-A总线上传至监控系统；在监控系统中设定各支路总的动态功率值，用于后续实时需要控制的功率值的计算；Step 1: Collect the state of charge of each branch cascade battery module of the energy storage power station by means of the distributed state of charge acquisition method through the state of charge acquisition unit set inside each branch cascade battery module, and collect all the state of charge of each branch cascade battery module. The collected state-of-charge information is uploaded to the monitoring system through the CAN-A bus; the total dynamic power value of each branch is set in the monitoring system, which is used for the subsequent calculation of the power value that needs to be controlled in real time;
步骤2，监控系统依据各支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态及动态功率值，计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值，并将每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值下发给每个支路的储能变流器进行控制，每个支路的储能变流器依据该功率值控制每个支路的充电/放电的实时功率。Step 2, the monitoring system calculates the real-time power value that needs to be controlled for each branch according to the state of charge and dynamic power value of the battery modules of each branch, and sends the real-time power value that needs to be controlled for each branch to The energy storage converter of each branch is controlled, and the energy storage converter of each branch controls the real-time power of charging/discharging of each branch according to the power value.
本实施例中计算每个支路的实时需要控制的功率值的方法具体为能量管理算法，在该算法中用i表示梯次电池模块的支路序号，其中i＝1,2,.....,n；n为梯次电池模块的支路总个数；具体步骤如下：In this embodiment, the method for calculating the power value that needs to be controlled in real time for each branch is specifically an energy management algorithm. In this algorithm, i is used to represent the branch serial number of the ladder battery module, where i=1, 2, . . . .,n; n is the total number of branches of the echelon battery module; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤21，计算每个支路梯次电池模块当前可用容量Ei，如公式(1)所示；Step 21: Calculate the current available capacity E i of each branch echelon battery module, as shown in formula (1);
Ei＝SOCi*EN (1)E i =SOC i *EN (1)
其中SOCi为第i个支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态，EN每个支路梯次电池模块的原始标称能量；where SOC i is the state of charge of the i-th branch echelon battery module, and EN is the original nominal energy of each branch echelon battery module;
步骤22，计算每个支路梯次电池模块的充电/放电时间t0i，如公式(2)所示；Step 22: Calculate the charging/discharging time t 0 i of each branch echelon battery module, as shown in formula (2);
t0i＝Ei/PK (2)t 0 i = E i /PK (2)
其中PK为标准充电/放电倍率；where PK is the standard charge/discharge rate;
步骤23，计算各支路梯次电池模块的充电/放电时间的平均值tav0，如公式(3)所示；Step 23: Calculate the average value tav 0 of the charging/discharging time of each branch echelon battery module, as shown in formula (3);
tav0＝(t01+t02+…+t0n)/n (3)tav 0 =(t 0 1+t 0 2+…+t 0 n)/n (3)
步骤24，计算每个支路梯次电池模块充电/放电时间控制在tav0值时对应的功率值P0i，如公式(4)所示；Step 24: Calculate the corresponding power value P 0 i when the charging/discharging time of each branch echelon battery module is controlled at the value of tav 0 , as shown in formula (4);
P0i＝Ei/tav0 (4)P 0 i=E i /tav 0 (4)
步骤25，计算充电/放电时间控制在tav0值各支路梯次电池模块对应的功率值P0i的和与需求功率P的比值kp，如公式(5)所示；Step 25: Calculate the ratio kp of the sum of the power values P 0 i corresponding to the echelon battery modules of each branch with the charging/discharging time control at the value of tav 0 and the required power P, as shown in formula (5);
kp＝(P01+P02+…+P0n)/P (5)kp=(P 0 1+P 0 2+…+P 0 n)/P (5)
步骤26，计算每个支路梯次电池模块实际需要充电/放电的实时功率Pi，如公式(6)所示；Step 26: Calculate the real-time power Pi that each branch echelon battery module actually needs to charge/discharge, as shown in formula (6);
Pi＝P0i/kp (6)Pi=P 0 i/kp (6)
本实施例中充电/放电时间为常规意义上的充电/放电时间定义，为了更清晰的表述，具体描述为：充电时间为当前状态下梯次电池模块持续充电到充电额定上限所需的时间，放电时间为当前状态下梯次电池模块放电到放电额定下限所需的时间；当前状态是指每个监控周期内所采集的对应支路梯次电池模块的荷电状态等信息。In this embodiment, the charging/discharging time is the definition of the charging/discharging time in the conventional sense. For a clearer expression, the specific description is: the charging time is the time required for the echelon battery module in the current state to be continuously charged to the upper limit of the charging rating, and the discharging time is The time is the time required for the battery module to discharge to the lower rated discharge limit in the current state; the current state refers to the information such as the state of charge of the corresponding branch battery module collected in each monitoring period.
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, however, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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