CN106746813B - A kind of hollow light skeletal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of hollow light skeletal material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
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- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
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- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种空心轻骨料及其制备方法，属于水泥混凝土技术领域。The invention relates to a hollow lightweight aggregate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of cement concrete.
背景技术Background technique
水体富营养化是全球性的水环境问题，我国现有湖泊2700余个，总面积达9.1万km2。根据调查资料和国内外评价湖泊富营养化指标，我国比较典型的37个主要湖泊中，中营养型和中一富营养型的占55.8％，富营养型的占14.7％，重富营养型的占8.8％。中国90％以上的水域污染是因水体中的N、P含量过高而引起的富营养化造成的，而N、P则是植物生长最基本的必需营养元素。Eutrophication of water body is a global water environment problem. There are more than 2,700 lakes in China, with a total area of 91,000 km 2 . According to the survey data and domestic and foreign evaluation indicators of lake eutrophication, among the 37 typical major lakes in my country, 55.8% are medium eutrophic and medium eutrophic, 14.7% are eutrophic, and 14.7% are heavy eutrophic. 8.8%. More than 90% of water pollution in China is caused by eutrophication caused by excessive N and P content in water bodies, while N and P are the most basic essential nutrients for plant growth.
生态浮床技术是将经过筛选、驯化的吸收水中有机污染物功能较强的水生(陆生)植物，植入预制好的漂浮载体种植槽内，让植物在类似无土栽培的环境下生长，植物根系自然延伸并悬浮于水体中，吸附、吸收水中的氨、氮、磷等有机污染物质，为水体中的鱼虾、昆虫和微生物提供生存和附着的条件，同时释放出抑制藻类生长的化合物。在植物、动物、昆虫以及微生物的共同作用下使环境水质得以净化，达到修复和重建水体生态系统的目的。但是，目前仅考虑到经济性、环境敏感性和浮力等问题所采用的浮床材料主要为多以竹竿、木条、高分子材料等，在耐腐性、牢固性、抗风浪性、经济成本等方面不能满足可持续发展环境下的生态浮床要求。混凝土生态浮床因其耐久性好，抗风浪性强，制作成本低而受到广泛的欢迎，但目前的大多数混凝土生态浮床仍存在诸如浮力差、抗水侵蚀性低、抗风浪性差等缺陷。The ecological floating bed technology is to implant the selected and domesticated aquatic (terrestrial) plants with strong functions of absorbing organic pollutants in the water into the prefabricated floating carrier planting tanks, so that the plants can grow in an environment similar to soilless cultivation. The root system naturally extends and suspends in the water body, absorbs and absorbs ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus and other organic pollutants in the water, provides conditions for the survival and attachment of fish, shrimps, insects and microorganisms in the water body, and releases compounds that inhibit the growth of algae. Under the joint action of plants, animals, insects and microorganisms, the environmental water quality can be purified, and the purpose of restoring and rebuilding the water ecosystem can be achieved. However, at present, the floating bed materials that only consider the issues of economy, environmental sensitivity and buoyancy are mainly bamboo poles, wooden strips, polymer materials, etc. On the one hand, it cannot meet the requirements of the ecological floating bed under the sustainable development environment. Concrete ecological floating beds are widely welcomed because of their good durability, strong wind and wave resistance, and low manufacturing cost. However, most of the current concrete ecological floating beds still have defects such as poor buoyancy, low water erosion resistance, and poor wind and wave resistance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种空心轻骨料及其制备方法。该骨料用于生态浮床的制作中，可有效解决浮床浮力差、抗水侵蚀性差的缺陷，显著增加浮床的浮水能力，增加了浮床抵抗大风大浪的能力，为动植物的生长提供良好的环境，有利于污染水体的治理，有效改善生态平衡。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a hollow lightweight aggregate and a preparation method thereof. The aggregate is used in the production of ecological floating beds, which can effectively solve the defects of poor buoyancy and water erosion resistance of the floating bed, significantly increase the floating capacity of the floating bed, increase the ability of the floating bed to resist strong winds and waves, and provide a good environment for the growth of animals and plants. It is beneficial to the treatment of polluted water bodies and effectively improves the ecological balance.
本发明采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种空心轻骨料的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：A preparation method of hollow lightweight aggregate, it comprises the following steps:
(1)将重量分数为90.0～97.0％的饱水吸水树脂和3.0～10.0％的淀粉搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球状，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒送至包膜机经空气雾化均匀喷涂0.5～2mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到吸水树脂半球；(1) Stir the saturated water-absorbent resin with a weight fraction of 90.0-97.0% and 3.0-10.0% starch evenly and granulate into a hemispherical shape. Take the particles with a particle size of 8-12mm and send them to the coating machine through air mist Spray evenly a 0.5-2mm soluble starch film to obtain a water-absorbent resin hemisphere;
(2)将重量分数为90.0～97.0％的铝粉和3.0～10.0％的无水乙醇搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒，得到铝粉半球；(2) Stir the aluminum powder with a weight fraction of 90.0-97.0% and 3.0-10.0% absolute ethanol evenly and granulate into hemispheres, and take particles with a particle size of 8-12mm to obtain aluminum powder hemispheres;
(3)将吸水树脂半球与铝粉半球合二为一，然后通过包膜机在球体表层包裹1～3mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到发泡芯；(3) Combine the water-absorbent resin hemisphere and the aluminum powder hemisphere into one, and then wrap a 1-3 mm soluble starch film on the surface of the sphere by a coating machine to obtain a foam core;
(4)将发泡芯在30-60秒内浸泡于重量分数为65.0～80.0％的浮石粉、10.0～15.0％的水、5.0～15.0％的水泥和5.0～10.0％的固体胶组成的均匀拌合浆体中45-120秒，捞出沥干，在45-90℃下养护30-90分钟，得到空心轻骨料。(4) Soak the foam core in 30-60 seconds in a uniform composition composed of 65.0-80.0% pumice powder, 10.0-15.0% water, 5.0-15.0% cement and 5.0-10.0% solid glue. Mix in the slurry for 45-120 seconds, remove and drain, and maintain at 45-90°C for 30-90 minutes to obtain hollow lightweight aggregate.
所述吸水树脂的细度为200目筛，筛余≤5％。The fineness of the water-absorbing resin is 200-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is ≤5%.
所述淀粉为可溶性淀粉。The starch is soluble starch.
所述铝粉的比表面积为350～380m2/Kg。The specific surface area of the aluminum powder is 350-380m 2 /Kg.
所述浮石粉的比表面积为350～380m2/Kg，主要化学组成为SiO2 65-80％、Al2O310-15％，烧失量2-8％。The pumice powder has a specific surface area of 350-380m 2 /Kg, a main chemical composition of 65-80% SiO 2 , 10-15% Al 2 O 3 , and an ignition loss of 2-8%.
所述水泥为硫铝酸盐水泥，主要化学组成为SiO2 9-12％、Al2O3 20-25％和CaO22-58％。The cement is sulphoaluminate cement, and its main chemical composition is SiO 2 9-12%, Al 2 O 3 20-25% and CaO 22-58%.
所述固体胶为松香季戊四醇酯。The solid gum is rosin pentaerythritol ester.
本发明的制备方法中一方面通过铝粉与水反应形成空心内腔，并以浮石粉、水泥和固体胶混合作具有延展性的轻质外壳；另一方面利用高效吸水树脂储存水分，并通过可溶性淀粉膜调控铝粉与水的发泡反应速率。在养护过程中铝粉会与吸水树脂提供的水分大量反应形成大气泡，而浮石、水、水泥和固体胶能形成具有一定延展性的轻质水泥基浆体，用于封闭该大气泡。制备的空心轻骨料比浮石轻骨料更加质轻，而且可以根据使用要求调控其密度。In the preparation method of the present invention, on the one hand, aluminum powder and water react to form a hollow cavity, and pumice powder, cement and solid glue are mixed to form a malleable lightweight shell; The soluble starch film regulates the foaming reaction rate of aluminum powder and water. During the curing process, the aluminum powder will react with the moisture provided by the water-absorbing resin to form large air bubbles, while pumice, water, cement and solid glue can form a light cement-based slurry with certain ductility to seal the large air bubbles. The prepared hollow lightweight aggregate is lighter than the pumice lightweight aggregate, and its density can be adjusted according to the requirements of use.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明所提供的空心轻骨料表观密度低，易于浮水；外壳结构致密，压碎指标低，抗水侵蚀性好，用于混凝土浮床的制作可增加浮床的抗风浪性能，更利于污染水体的治理。(1) The hollow lightweight aggregate provided by the present invention has low apparent density and is easy to float in water; the shell structure is dense, the crushing index is low, and the water erosion resistance is good. It can increase the anti-wind and wave performance of the floating bed when used in the production of concrete floating beds. Conducive to the treatment of polluted water bodies.
(2)原料易得，工艺简单，制作成本低廉，便于应用推广。(2) The raw material is easy to obtain, the process is simple, the production cost is low, and it is convenient for application and promotion.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种空心轻骨料的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：A preparation method of hollow lightweight aggregate, it comprises the following steps:
(1)将95％饱水吸水树脂和5％可溶性淀粉搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球状，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒送至包膜机经空气雾化均匀喷涂1.8mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到吸水树脂半球；(1) Stir 95% saturated water-absorbing resin and 5% soluble starch evenly and granulate into hemispherical shape. Take the granules with a particle size of 8-12mm and send them to the coating machine to spray evenly 1.8mm soluble starch by air atomization film to obtain a water-absorbent resin hemisphere;
(2)将重量分数为92％的铝粉和8％的无水乙醇搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒，得到铝粉半球；(2) Stir the aluminum powder with a weight fraction of 92% and 8% absolute ethanol evenly and granulate into a hemisphere, and take particles with a particle diameter of 8-12 mm to obtain the aluminum powder hemisphere;
(3)将吸水树脂半球与铝粉半球合二为一后，通过包膜机表层包裹3mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到发泡芯；(3) After combining the water-absorbent resin hemisphere and the aluminum powder hemisphere into one, wrap a 3mm soluble starch film on the surface of the coating machine to obtain a foam core;
(4)将发泡芯在55秒内浸泡于重量分数为75％的浮石粉、12％的水、8％的水泥和5％的松香季戊四醇酯的均匀拌合浆体中110秒，捞出沥干，在80℃下养护40分钟，得到空心轻骨料。(4) Soak the foam core in 55 seconds in the uniform mixing slurry of 75% pumice powder, 12% water, 8% cement and 5% rosin pentaerythritol ester for 110 seconds by weight fraction, pull out Drain and cure at 80°C for 40 minutes to obtain hollow lightweight aggregate.
所述吸水树脂的细度为200目筛，筛余≤5％。The fineness of the water-absorbing resin is 200-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is ≤5%.
所述铝粉的比表面积为350m2/Kg。The specific surface area of the aluminum powder is 350m 2 /Kg.
所述浮石粉的比表面积为350m2/Kg，主要化学组成为SiO2 65-80％、Al2O3 10-15％，烧失量2-8％。The pumice powder has a specific surface area of 350m 2 /Kg, a main chemical composition of 65-80% SiO 2 , 10-15% Al 2 O 3 , and an ignition loss of 2-8%.
所述水泥为硫铝酸盐水泥，主要化学组成为SiO2 9-12％、Al2O3 20-25％和CaO22-58％。The cement is sulphoaluminate cement, and its main chemical composition is SiO 2 9-12%, Al 2 O 3 20-25% and CaO 22-58%.
按照GB/T14685-2011《建筑用卵石、碎石》测得空心轻骨料的表观密度为280Kg/m3，压碎指标为22％，吸水率为3.48％。According to GB/T14685-2011 "Pebbles and Crushed Stones for Construction", the apparent density of the hollow lightweight aggregate is 280Kg/m 3 , the crushing index is 22%, and the water absorption rate is 3.48%.
实施例2Example 2
(1)将92％饱水吸水树脂和8％可溶性淀粉搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球状，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒送至包膜机经空气雾化均匀喷涂1mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到吸水树脂半球；(1) Stir 92% saturated water-absorbing resin and 8% soluble starch evenly and granulate into hemispherical shape, take the granules with a particle size of 8-12mm and send them to the coating machine, spray evenly with 1mm soluble starch film by air atomization , to obtain a water-absorbing resin hemisphere;
(2)将重量分数为96％的铝粉和4％的无水乙醇搅拌均匀并造粒呈半球，取粒径介于8～12mm的颗粒，得到铝粉半球；(2) Stir the aluminum powder with a weight fraction of 96% and 4% absolute ethanol evenly and granulate into a hemisphere, and take particles with a particle diameter of 8-12 mm to obtain the aluminum powder hemisphere;
(3)将吸水树脂半球与铝粉半球合二为一后，通过包膜机表层包裹2mm的可溶性淀粉膜，得到发泡芯；(3) After the water-absorbent resin hemisphere and the aluminum powder hemisphere are combined into one, the surface layer of the coating machine is wrapped with a 2mm soluble starch film to obtain a foam core;
(4)将发泡芯在40秒内浸泡于重量分数为70％的浮石粉、10％的水、14％的水泥和6％的松香季戊四醇酯的均匀拌合浆体中80秒，捞出沥干，在50℃下养护80分钟，得到空心轻骨料。(4) Soak the foam core in 40 seconds in the uniform mixing slurry of 70% pumice powder, 10% water, 14% cement and 6% rosin pentaerythritol ester by weight fraction for 80 seconds, pull out Drain and cure at 50°C for 80 minutes to obtain hollow lightweight aggregate.
所述吸水树脂的细度为200目筛，筛余≤5％。The fineness of the water-absorbing resin is 200-mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is ≤5%.
所述铝粉的比表面积为380m2/Kg。The specific surface area of the aluminum powder is 380m 2 /Kg.
所述浮石粉的比表面积为380m2/Kg，主要化学组成为SiO2 65-80％、Al2O3 10-15％，烧失量2-8％。The pumice powder has a specific surface area of 380m 2 /Kg, a main chemical composition of 65-80% SiO 2 , 10-15% Al 2 O 3 , and an ignition loss of 2-8%.
所述水泥为硫铝酸盐水泥，主要化学组成为SiO2 9-12％、Al2O3 20-25％和CaO22-58％。The cement is sulphoaluminate cement, and its main chemical composition is SiO 2 9-12%, Al 2 O 3 20-25% and CaO 22-58%.
按照GB/T14685-2011《建筑用卵石、碎石》测得空心轻骨料的表观密度为320Kg/m3，压碎指标为18％，吸水率为2.88％。According to GB/T14685-2011 "pebbles and crushed stones for construction", the apparent density of the hollow lightweight aggregate is 320Kg/m 3 , the crushing index is 18%, and the water absorption rate is 2.88%.
对照例：Comparative example:
选取购自河北省尚义县兴奥浮石开发有限公司建筑材料厂的普通浮石，按照GB/T14685-2011《建筑用卵石、碎石》测得普通浮石骨料的表观密度为807Kg/m3，压碎指标为17.9％，吸水率为5.23％。Select the common pumice purchased from the building material factory of Xingao Pumice Development Co., Ltd., Shangyi County, Hebei Province. According to GB/T14685-2011 "Pebbles and Crushed Stones for Construction", the apparent density of the common pumice aggregate is 807Kg/m 3 , the crush index is 17.9%, and the water absorption rate is 5.23%.
由实施例1-2和对照例的性能测试指标可以看出，本发明制备的空心轻骨料比浮石轻骨料更加质轻，用于混凝土浮床的制作可增加浮床的抗风浪性能，更利于污染水体的治理。而且可以根据使用要求调控其密度，原料廉价易得，制备工艺简单，适于推广使用。As can be seen from the performance test indicators of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples, the hollow lightweight aggregate prepared by the present invention is lighter than the pumice lightweight aggregate, and it can increase the wind and wave resistance of the floating bed when used in the production of concrete floating beds, which is more conducive to Treatment of polluted water bodies. Moreover, the density can be regulated according to the use requirements, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple, and the method is suitable for popularization and use.
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