CN106718007A - A kind of cultivation technique for improving celery quality, fertilising strategy and storage practice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation technology, a fertilization strategy and a storage method for improving the quality of celery, belonging to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The cultivation technique for improving the quality of celery includes cultivating strong seedlings, fertilizing the soil, planting, integrating water and fertilizer, and harvesting; root cutting is performed during planting; the root cutting process is to cut off 1/2 of the root system. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method of the present invention can significantly increase the plant height, root length and stem diameter of celery, increase the content of soluble sugar, chlorophyll and vitamin C, reduce the content of cellulose and nitrate nitrogen, and improve the mouthfeel of celery, Improve the quality of celery. In addition, the output has been significantly increased, realizing the growth of economic benefits; saving water and fertilizer, increasing efficiency, saving labor and time, avoiding water and soil pollution, and having good ecological benefits.

Description

A cultivation technique, fertilization strategy and storage method for improving the quality of celery

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation technology, a fertilization strategy and a storage method for improving the quality of celery.

Background technique

Because of its high yield and good benefits, Jinkou celery is favored by vegetable farmers and consumers in Qingdao and its surrounding areas, and has made great contributions to increasing farmers' income and becoming rich. However, with the increase of cultivation years, many problems have appeared in production, such as: mixed varieties, decreased quality; increased obstacles to continuous cropping; improper water and fertilizer management, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; flood irrigation; backward storage facilities; excessive pesticide residues on leaves, etc. Serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests in over-summer cultivation will also lead to a significant decline in yield.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A cultivation technique for improving the quality of celery, including cultivating strong seedlings, fertilizing the soil, planting, integrating water and fertilizer, and harvesting; root cutting is performed when planting.

On the basis of the above scheme, the root cutting process is to cut off 1/2 of the root system.

On the basis of the above scheme, the colonization is as follows: water the border soil thoroughly, cut off 1/2 of the root system of the seedlings, insert them into the border soil after water seepage, and bury the shortened stems to expose the heart leaves.

On the basis of the above scheme, the cultivation of strong seedlings includes bed soil preparation and disinfection, seed germination, sowing and seedling management;

The preparation and disinfection of the bed soil are as follows: 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu during plowing, and 20-40 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied in addition, and the disinfectant powder is mixed with sieved fine soil for use;

The germination acceleration of the seeds is as follows: soak the seeds and scrub them clean, after air-drying, wrap them with a damp cloth for germination acceleration, and rinse them with water once a day;

The sowing method is as follows: water the bottom of the foot, and cover a layer of medicinal soil mixed with disinfectant powder and sieved fine soil after water seepage, spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface, and then cover with a layer of disinfectant powder mixed with sieved fine soil. Medicinal soil;

The seedling stage management is as follows: keep the temperature and bed soil moist, thin the seedlings when the first true leaf of the seedlings unfolds, and topdress with urea when the seedlings have 2 to 3 true leaves;

The standards for cultivating strong seedlings are: seedling age 60-70 days, plant height 15-20 cm, 5-6 leaves, dark green leaf color, well-developed root system, and no pests and diseases.

On the basis of the above scheme, the disinfection powder is mixed with sieved fine soil as follows: 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder are mixed in 1:1, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder The powder is mixed with 70% mancozeb wettable powder at a ratio of 9:1, and the dosage is 8-10g/㎡ mixed with 4-5kg of sieved fine soil;

The seeding rate of the sowing is 80～100g/mu;

Described thinning is that the seedling distance is 3cm square, thinning out dense seedlings, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and pulling out miscellaneous seedlings in the field.

On the basis of above-mentioned scheme, described cultivation technology that improves celery quality, steps are as follows:

1) Cultivate strong seedlings

a. Bed soil preparation and disinfection: apply 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, and another 20-40kg of bio-organic fertilizer, mix 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder in 1:1 , or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder are mixed at a ratio of 9:1, and the dosage is 8-10g/㎡ mixed with 4-5kg sieved fine soil for use;

b. Seed germination: Soak the seeds and scrub them clean. After air-drying, wrap them in a damp cloth and rinse them with water once a day;

c. Sowing: pour enough bottom water, cover with a layer of medicinal soil mixed with disinfectant powder and sifted fine soil after water seepage, spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface according to the seeding rate of 80-100g/mu, and then cover with another layer Medicinal soil mixed with disinfectant powder and sieved fine soil;

d. Keep the temperature and the bed soil moist, thin the seedlings when the first true leaf of the seedlings is unfolded, the seedlings are 3 cm square, remove the dense seedlings, diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, and pull out the miscellaneous seedlings in the field; when the seedlings 2 to 3 true leaves When leaves, topdress with urea.

2) Soil preparation and fertilization

The previous stubble is a non-umbrella vegetable. Under the condition of medium fertility, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied per acre in combination with land preparation, and a 1m wide flat furrow is made after raking;

3) Colonization

Irrigate the border soil with water, cut off 1/2 of the root system of the seedlings, insert them into the border soil after water seepage, and bury the shortened stems to expose the heart leaves;

4) Water and fertilizer integration

After planting, pull drip irrigation belts between the rows, maintain the temperature at 18-22°C, keep the soil moist, water the seedlings once 3-5 days after planting, and control the water to squat the seedlings when they have 7-8 leaves; after the plant height is 25-30cm, combine Watering for top dressing;

5) Harvest

Harvest when the plant height is 50cm-60cm in spring and summer, and harvest when the plant height is 70-80cm in late November in autumn.

A fertilization strategy for high-efficiency cultivation of celery. The following fertilization strategy is adopted in the above cultivation process: Cultivate strong seedlings: 6.9-13.8 catties/mu of urea, fertilization for site preparation: 9-13.5 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, integration of water and fertilizer: 10.6 catties of fertilizer ~15.9 jin/mu; the compound fertilizer is N:P:K=1:1:1; the fertilization is N:K=13:40.

On the basis of the above scheme, the fertilization strategy is as follows: cultivating strong seedlings: 13.8 catties/mu of urea; fertilization for site preparation: 13.5 catties/mu of compound fertilizer; integration of water and fertilizer: flushing and fertilizing 15.9 catties/mu.

The invention discloses a storage method of celery, which adopts a pseudo-planting method to store the celery obtained by the above-mentioned method.

On the basis of the above scheme, the storage of the false plant is ditching and planting, and the steps are as follows:

a. Dig out a storage ditch with a bottom width of 1.5-2m and a depth of 1.2-1.5m, and dig a drainage ditch around it, with a width and depth of 20cm, and erect a wind barrier, and build an arch shed with bamboo poles on the ditch, covered with plastic film and curtains ;

b. In the storage ditch, plant the ditch according to the row spacing of 5 to 10 cm, support the rows with bamboo poles, water thoroughly, and water again when the soil outside the ditch freezes to ensure that the storage temperature is -1-0 ° C, relative temperature 90%-95%.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The celery yield cultivated by the method of the present invention is obviously improved, and the yield per mu exceeds 10,000 jin, which is 20% higher than the average yield of 8,000 jin per mu in previous years, and the income per mu is increased by 36 million to 14,000 yuan. 840,000 yuan, excluding manual processing, transportation, packaging and other costs, the annual net income is about 180,000 to 600,000 yuan, realizing the growth of economic benefits.

Cutting roots during planting can significantly increase the plant height, root length and stem diameter of celery, increase the content of soluble sugar, chlorophyll and vitamin C, reduce the content of cellulose and nitrate nitrogen, improve the taste of celery, and increase the quality of celery. quality.

Adopting the fertilization strategy of the present invention can not only reduce the amount of fertilizer used, save money, reduce the pollution of groundwater and the environment by chemical fertilizers, but also significantly increase the yield of celery and have greater economic benefits.

In addition, the integration of water and fertilizer in the cultivation of celery has led to the application of integrated fertilization of other crops, such as radishes and potatoes, which not only saves water, fertilizer and efficiency, saves labor and time, but also protects the environment and avoids water and soil pollution. Pollution, with good ecological benefits.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1. Effect of root cutting treatment on celery root vigor

detailed description

The terms used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, generally have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples and with reference to data. The following examples are just to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Embodiment 1 root cutting process is on the influence of celery growth index

Cutting roots can interfere with the root system, thereby affecting the growth of the aboveground parts. A relatively complete technology has gradually formed. To analyze the effect of root cutting technology on its growth and quality, find out the effect of root cutting treatment on celery cultivation, find the optimal length of root cutting, and provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of celery.

1.1 The method of cutting celery root

Select celery seedlings with relatively consistent growth conditions. When planting, water the border soil thoroughly, and cut 1/4, 2/4, and 3/4 of the roots of the seedlings, and use uncut celery seedlings as a control group. Insert In the border soil after water infiltration, the shortened stems were buried in soil to expose the heart leaves; the appropriate temperature was maintained, water and fertilizer were reasonable, and various growth and quality indicators of celery were measured.

1.2 Effect of root cutting treatment on plant height, root length and stem thickness

Plant height, root length and stem thickness are the most distinctive morphological appearance indicators reflecting the growth status of celery. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control, the average value of plant height, root length and stem diameter of the celery treated with root cutting is higher than that of the control, indicating that root cutting can significantly improve the morphological appearance of celery. The larger the proportion of excised roots, the smaller the values of plant height, root length and stem diameter of celery. The plant height of celery treated with 2/4 cut root was significantly higher than that of the control, and there was no significant difference between the treatments; the root length and stem diameter of celery treated with 1/4 root cut and 2/4 cut root were significantly higher than the control, and the cut There was no significant difference between the root 3/4 treatment and the control.

Table 1 Effects of root cutting treatment on celery plant height, root length and stem diameter

Note: This table uses the LSD method for multiple comparisons, and the data in the same column are marked with the same lowercase letters to indicate that the difference is not significant at the 5% level

1.3 The effect of root cutting treatment on the vigor of celery root system

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the average value of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reducing intensity in the celery after cutting root 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 is all higher than the value of whole root contrast, and cut Root 2/4 treatment was significantly different from the control, and the order of root activity was cut root 2/4>cut root 1/4>cut root 3/4>control. There was no significant difference among the treatments, and the root vigor of the whole root control was the lowest.

Table 2 shows the effects of different root cutting treatments on the chlorophyll content of celery leaves, soluble sugar content, cellulose content, vitamin C content, and nitrate nitrogen content of celery stems. It can be seen from the table: after 1/4, 2/4, and 3/4 treatments of root cutting of celery seedlings, the average values of soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content, cellulose content, vitamin C content and nitrate nitrogen content of the three treatments All were better than the control, and each index of root cutting 2/4 treatment was significantly better than the control. The values of soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content and cellulose content showed a certain trend due to different treatment methods, and the order was cut root 2/4>cut root 3/4>cut root 1/4, and the soluble sugar content and The difference in chlorophyll content was not significant; in the change of cellulose content, there were significant differences between the 1/4 treatment and the 3/4 treatment, the 1/4 treatment and the 2/4 treatment, but the 1/4 treatment 4 There was no significant difference between treatment and control. The content of vitamin C was all significantly higher than that of the control, and there was no significant difference among the treatments. The content of nitrate nitrogen after three root cutting treatments was significantly lower than that of the whole root control, and the difference was significant.

Table 2 Effects of different root-cutting treatments on celery quality indicators

Note: This table uses the LSD method for multiple comparisons, and the data in the same column are marked with the same lowercase letters to indicate that the difference is not significant at the 5% level

The results of this experiment showed that the root cutting 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 treatments all significantly improved the growth indicators of celery, and the root cutting 2/4 treatment had a significant effect on the improvement of celery quality. In summary, the 2/4 root cutting treatment is the most beneficial to the growth of celery, which can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation technology of high-quality and high-yield celery to a certain extent.

The impact of embodiment 2 fertilization strategies on the quality of celery

In order to explore the law of fertilizer requirement of celery and explore the optimal amount of fertilization of celery, according to the characteristics of celery's lifetime fertilizer requirement, combined with the conventional fertilization amount, 6 kinds of fertilizer treatments were set up, as shown in Table 3, the celery yield of each treatment was compared, and the optimal amount of fertilization was selected ; On this basis, two methods of water and fertilizer integrated fertilization and conventional manual spreading are adopted, and the economic benefits are calculated through celery output and investment funds.

It can be seen from Table 4 that there is no obvious difference in celery yield under different fertilizer amount treatments. It can be seen that it is not that the more fertilization, the higher the yield. Finally, select fertilizer 3 fertilization scheme (amount per mu), that is, to cultivate strong seedlings: 13.8 jin of urea, fertilize in two times, and the amount of fertilization twice is 1:2; fertilization for site preparation: 13.5 jin of compound fertilizer (N: P: K=15 : 15: 15); integration of water and fertilizer: 15.9 catties of fertilization (N: K = 13: 40).

According to the fertilizer scheme screened out, fertilization integration and common spreading experiments were carried out respectively. The celery yield and economic benefits are shown in Table 5. Using water and fertilizer integration, the average income per mu increased by 3700 yuan, and the amount of fertilizer was less, saving money and reducing The pollution of chemical fertilizers to groundwater and the environment is an effective fertilizer and water management technology worth promoting.

Table 3 The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers used in the whole growth period of celery (catties/mu)

Table 4 Yield of Chrysostomus celery under different fertilizer conditions (jin/14m ² )

Table 5 Economic benefit analysis of water and fertilizer integration test (yuan/mu)

Note: Irrigation water is 1.0 yuan/m ³ , chicken manure is 0.6 yuan/kg, water-soluble fertilizer is 1.5 yuan/kg, bio-organic fertilizer is 1.0 yuan/kg, fertilization is 3.9 yuan/kg, other funds are pesticide input, irrigation and fertilization labor 70 yuan/day, other labor costs are weeding and harvesting, and the average price of celery is 1.5 yuan/kg.

The efficient standardized cultivation technology of embodiment 3 celery

A high-efficiency and standardized cultivation technique for celery, including cultivating strong seedlings, fertilizing the soil, planting, integrating water and fertilizer, and harvesting; the fertilization strategy in the cultivation process is: cultivating strong seedlings: 6.9-13.8 catties/mu of urea, fertilizing twice , twice the amount of fertilization is 1:2, fertilization for site preparation: 9～13.5 jin/mu of compound fertilizer, integration of water and fertilizer: 10.6～15.9 jin/mu of fertilization by flushing; the compound fertilizer is N:P:K=1:1: 1; the flush fertilization is N:K=13:40. Preferably, the fertilization strategy is: urea 13.8 catties/mu, soil preparation fertilization: compound fertilizer 13.5 catties/mu, water and fertilizer integration: flush fertilization 15.9 catties/mu.

3.1 Environmental quality of the place of origin

The production environment of pollution-free celery meets the requirements of GB15618-1995 soil environmental quality standards, NY5010-2002 environmental conditions for pollution-free vegetable production areas, and GB/T18407.1-2001 environmental requirements for pollution-free vegetable production areas. The ecological conditions are good and far away from pollution sources. Sustainable production capacity, high and dry terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep and loose soil layer, organic matter content above 1.5%, fertile agricultural production area.

3.2 Fertilization principles

Execute according to DB12/T454. The fertilizer used should be the one registered with the agricultural administrative department. Limit the use of fluoride-containing compound fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers: including compost, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, peat fertilizer, cake fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, etc.

3.3 Variety selection

Choose high-quality, disease-resistant, adaptable, solid varieties. Every autumn and winter, select celery plants with excellent growth, strong and straight stalks, dark green leaves, and disease resistance, and dig out the roots. Leaves on the stalks, leaving only about 50cm of petiole, and screened to isolate the seeds in the greenhouse.

Seed quality meets the requirements of GB10715.5.

3.4 Cultivate strong seedlings

3.4.1 Bed soil preparation and disinfection

When cultivating the land, apply 1000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and another 20-40kg of bio-organic fertilizer. Mix 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 50% thiram wettable powder in 1:1, or mix 25% metalaxyl wettable powder with 70% mancozeb wettable powder in 9:1, according to the dosage Mix 8-10g/㎡ with 4-5kg sieved fine soil, spread 2/3 on the bed surface and 1/3 cover the seeds when sowing.

3.4.2 Seed germination

Soak the seeds in water at 20-25°C for 16-24 hours. Wash the soaked seeds by scrubbing, spread out and air-dry for a while, wrap them in a damp cloth and place them at 15-20°C to accelerate germination, rinse them with cold water once a day, and sow when 60% of the seeds germinate after 4-5 days.

3.4.3 Seeding

Spring celery is sown from mid-January to mid-February, summer celery is sown from late March to late April, autumn celery is sown from late May to late June, and solar greenhouse celery is sown from early July to late July.

Pour enough bottom water, and cover with a layer of fine soil (or medicinal soil) after the water seeps, spread the seeds evenly on the bed at a seeding rate of 80-100g/mu, and cover with fine soil (or medicinal soil) 0.5cm.

3.4.4 Seedling stage management

Temperature: For seedling cultivation in protected areas, the suitable temperature in the seedbed in winter and spring is 15-20°C. In summer, shade nets can be used to cover and cool down.

Thinning: When the first true leaf of the seedlings is unfolded, the first thinning is carried out, and the dense seedlings, diseased seedlings, and weak seedlings are thinned out, and the distance between the seedlings is 3 cm square.

Water and fertilizer: Keep the bed soil moist at the seedling stage, and water frequently with small amounts of water. When the seedlings have 2 to 3 true leaves, topdress with 13.8 catties of urea per 667 square meters combined with watering.

Standards for strong seedlings: seedling age 60-70 days, plant height 15-20 cm, 5-6 leaves, dark green leaf color, well-developed root system, no pests and diseases.

3.5 Fertilization for soil preparation

The previous stubble is a non-umbrella vegetable. The base fertilizer varieties are mainly high-quality organic fertilizers, common chemical fertilizers, and compound fertilizers. Under medium fertility conditions, combined with land preparation, apply 5000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu (take high-quality decomposed pig manure as an example), 13.5 catties of compound fertilizer, where N:P:K=1:1:1, and make a 1m wide flat after raking plot.

3.6 Colonization

Planting period: spring celery from mid-March to mid-April; summer celery from mid-May to mid-June; autumn celery from late July to mid-August; solar greenhouse celery from early September to late September.

Planting method: Water the border soil thoroughly, cut off 1/2 of the root system of the seedlings, insert the seedlings with bamboo sticks into the soil according to the specified row spacing after water seepage, one plant per hole, it is better to bury the shortened stems and expose the heart leaves . You can also open a shallow ditch first, seal the ditch and level the furrow while planting, and then water it. If the seedlings are too tall, the upper leaves can be cut off at a distance of 15 cm.

Density: native celery: 30,000-55,000 plants/667㎡ of spring and summer celery, row-to-plant spacing (13-15㎝)×(10-13㎝); autumn celery, 22,000-37,000 plants/667㎡, row-to-plant spacing (15-20 ㎝)×(20～25㎝).

Management after planting: ① Intertillage and weeding: After planting and before closing the ridge, intertill 3 to 4 times, intertillage combined with soil cultivation and field weed removal. After slowing down the seedlings, squat the seedlings for 7-10 days depending on the growth. ②Water and fertilizer integration: After planting, pull a disposable drip irrigation belt between the rows. The principle of watering is to keep the soil moist and ensure the water supply during the vigorous growth period. After 3-5 days of planting, water the seedlings once. If the temperature is too high in the future, drip irrigation can be used frequently to cool down, and the seedlings can be watered and squatted when there are 7-8 leaves. ③ Topdressing: after the plant height is 25-30cm, combine with watering for topdressing, 15.9 catties of topdressing fertilizer per 667㎡, where N:K=13:40, topdressing in 2-3 times. ④Temperature and humidity: The suitable temperature for celery seedling stage in the solar greenhouse is 18-22°C, the suitable temperature for the growth period is 12-18°C, and the temperature at the later stage of growth can be kept above 5°C. Celery has high requirements on soil humidity and relative air humidity, but it should be ventilated and dehumidified in time after watering.

3.7 Prevention and control of pests and diseases

The use of various pesticide varieties must strictly abide by the safety interval. When pesticides must be used, they should comply with the provisions in 3.3 of DB31/T258.2 and the requirements in GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides.

3.7.1 Physical control

①In field cultivation, hang silver-gray mulch strips to avoid aphids. ② Use nylon mesh to prevent insects at the vents of the greenhouse. ③ Yellow boards are used to trap and kill whiteflies and aphids. Use commercial yellow boards or use waste fiberboards or cardboards to cut rectangular cardboards of 60cm×40cm, paint them with yellow paint, and apply a layer of engine oil at the same time. Use 30-40 pieces per 667 square meters and hang them on the Rows above the top of the plant. When the yellow board is covered with whiteflies and aphids, apply engine oil again. ④Frequency vibration insecticidal lamp traps and kills Lepidoptera and other pests.

3.7.2 Biological control

Protects natural enemies of aphids such as ladybugs, wasps, and lacewings.

3.7.3 Pest control and disease prevention

In protected areas, dust method and smoke method are preferred, and spray control can also be used in dry and sunny weather, and attention should be paid to alternating medication.

3.7.3.1 Spot blight ①Smoke fumigation shed: use 45% chlorothalonil or parahydein smoke agent, disperse 110g per 667㎡ and ignite in 5-6 places, fumigate overnight, once every 9 days or so. ② Use 5% chlorothalonil dust agent, 1kg per 667㎡, spray once every 7 days. ③ Spray with 50% carbendazim or 50% sacralin WP 500 times liquid.

3.7.3.2 Epidemic diseases ①Smoke fumigation shed: Same spot blight. ② Dust control: same spot blight. ③ In the early stage of the disease, spray with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times liquid, once every 7 to 10 days, and spray twice.

3.7.3.3 Soft rot disease ① When the diseased plants are found, they shall be promptly excavated and sprinkled with lime for disinfection, and watering shall be reduced or suspended. ②At the beginning of the onset, spray 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder or phytomycin 3000-4000 times, once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

3.7.3.4 For aphids, use 2000-3000 times liquid of 50% aphid mist WP, or 1500 times liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, spray once every 6-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.

3.8 harvest

Harvest in good time. Harvesting time in spring and summer depends on the appearance of the plant. Generally, the height of the plant is about 50cm-60cm. In autumn, harvesting is during the light snow period, that is, harvesting begins in late November. The height of the plant is about 70-80cm to prevent freezing damage and delay harvesting. If it is easy to hollow, the quality will decline. The tools used in the harvesting process should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free.

3.9 Fake plant storage

The storage ditch generally has a bottom width of 1.5-2m and a depth of 1.2-1.5m. The length of the ditch is determined according to the terrain and storage capacity, and the ditch is east-west. Dig the storage ditch and dig drainage ditches around it, with a width and depth of about 20cm. Set up a wind barrier on the north side of the ditch, build an arch shed with bamboo poles on the ditch, and cover it with plastic film and curtains.

There are mainly three methods for planting and storing false plants: bundled planting, intensive loose planting and ditch planting. Among them, ditching is the best. In the storage ditch, ditching is planted at a row spacing of 5-10 cm, and bamboo poles are used to support the rows to prevent lodging. After the fake planting is completed, water it thoroughly to promote the growth of seedlings. Thereafter, in order to ensure the water requirement during storage, when the soil outside the ditch freezes, water it lightly. Bundled planting and dense loose planting are generally not watered. To ensure safety, the optimum temperature for storage of celery is -1-0°C, and the relative temperature is 90%-95%. According to the weather conditions, timely ventilation.

3.10 Economic benefits

The output of celery in the experimental base this year has increased significantly compared with last year and the year before, with a yield of more than 10,000 jin per mu, which is 20% higher than the average yield of 8,000 jin per mu in previous years. According to this year's celery market price of 1.8 yuan/catties, the income per mu will increase by 3,600 yuan; if it is boxed and made into a gift box, the income will increase by 14,000 yuan per mu, and the base will grow 60 yuan of celery every year. Mu, the annual income will increase by 216,000 to 840,000 yuan, and the annual net income will increase by about 180,000 to 600,000 yuan after excluding manual processing, transportation, packaging and other expenses, realizing the growth of economic benefits.

In addition, the integration of water and fertilizer in the cultivation of celery has led to the application of integrated fertilization of other crops in the base, such as radishes and potatoes, which not only saves water, fertilizer and efficiency, saves labor and time, but also protects the environment and avoids Soil and water pollution has good ecological benefits.

Claims (10)

1. it is a kind of improve celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：Including nurturing staff, site preparation and fertilization, field planting, liquid manure one Body and results；Carry out cutting root treatment in field planting.

2. it is according to claim 1 improve celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：Described root of cutting is processed as cutting Remove 1/2 root system.

3. it is according to claim 1 and 2 improve celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：Described field planting is：Furrow Soil pours permeable, and seedling is cut off into 1/2 root system, inserts in the furrow soil after water oozes, and ridging buries shortening stem and exposes lobus cardiacus.

4. it is according to claim 1 improve celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：The nurturing staff includes bed Soil prepares and sterilization, presprouting of seeds, sowing and seedling management；

The bed soil prepares：Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg for applying to become thoroughly decomposed, separately applies 20-40kg biological organics during arable land Fertilizer, mixes stand-by by disinfectant powder with sieving fine earth；

The presprouting of seeds is：By seed-soaking and wash by rubbing with the hands clean, after air-drying, vernalization is wrapped with wet cloth, rinse one with water daily It is secondary；

The sowing is：Vola water is poured, water covers the medicine soil that one layer of disinfectant powder mixes with sieving fine earth, seed is uniformly spread after oozing After being sowed at bed surface, then cover the medicine soil that one layer of disinfectant powder mixes with sieving fine earth；

The seedling management is：Maintain temperature and bed soil moistening, thinning carried out when the 1st true leaf of seedling launches, when seedling 2~ During 3 true leaves, urea is imposed；

The standard of the nurturing staff is：60~70d of seedling age, 15~20cm of plant height, 5~6 leaves, leaf color is dark green, well developed root system, No disease and pests harm.

5. it is according to claim 4 improve celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：

The disinfectant powder is mixed into sieving fine earth：With 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder By 1:1 mixing, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder press 9:1 mixing, by medication 8~ 10g/ ㎡ mix with 4~5kg sieving fine earths；

The application rate of the sowing is 80~100g/ mus；

The thinning is spacing 3cm square, is thinning out close stand, sick seedling, weak seedling, and pull out the miscellaneous seedling in field.

6. according to claim any one of 1-5 raising celery quality cultivation technique, it is characterised in that：Step is as follows：

1) nurturing staff

A. bed soil prepares and sterilization：Every mu of organic fertilizer 1000kg for applying to become thoroughly decomposed during arable land, separately applies 20-40kg biological organic fertilizers, uses 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder press 1:1 mixing, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder with 70% mancozeb wettable powder presses 9:1 mixing, mixes stand-by by 8~10g/ of medication ㎡ with 4~5kg sieving fine earths；

B. presprouting of seeds：By seed-soaking and wash by rubbing with the hands clean, after air-drying, vernalization is wrapped with wet cloth, rinsed once with water daily；

C. sow and be：Vola water is poured, water covers the medicine soil that one layer of disinfectant powder mixes with sieving fine earth after oozing, according to 80~100g/ The application rate of mu, by seed uniform broadcasting in bed surface, then covers the medicine soil that one layer of disinfectant powder mixes with sieving fine earth；

D. temperature and bed soil moistening are maintained, thinning is carried out when the 1st true leaf of seedling launches, spacing 3cm square is thinning out overstocked Seedling, sick seedling, weak seedling, and pull out the miscellaneous seedling in field；When 2~3 true leaves of seedling, urea is imposed.

2) site preparation and fertilization

Preceding stubble is non-umbrella type vegetable, under the conditions of medium fertility, with reference to every mu of organic fertilizer of site preparation and composite fertilizer, 1m is after rake wide Flat furrow；

3) it is colonized

Furrow soil pours permeable, and seedling is cut off into 1/2 root system, inserts in the furrow soil after water oozes, and ridging buries shortening stem and exposes lobus cardiacus；

4) water-fertilizer integral

It is colonized after disposable drip irrigation zone is in the ranks pulled on, temperature maintains 18~22 DEG C, keeps ground moistening, one is poured after field planting 3-5d Secondary seedling recovering water, the restraining the growth of seedlings of 7-8 piece leaf time controls water；After 25~30cm of plant height, topdressed with reference to watering；

5) harvest

Spring and summer harvest when plant height is 50cm-60cm, and autumn harvests when late November and plant height are in 70-80cm.

7. a kind of fertilising strategy of celery Efficient Cultivation, it is characterised in that：Using as follows in cultivation described in claim 6 Fertilising strategy：Nurturing staff：6.9~13.8 pounds/acre of urea, site preparation and fertilization：9~13.5 pounds/acre of composite fertilizer, water-fertilizer integral： 10.6~15.9 pounds/acre of punching fertilising；The composite fertilizer is N: P: K=1: 1: 1；The punching fertilising is N: K=13: 40.

8. the fertilising strategy of celery Efficient Cultivation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is described fertilising strategy be：Urine 13.8 pounds/acre of element, site preparation and fertilization：13.5 pounds/acre of composite fertilizer, water-fertilizer integral：15.9 pounds/acre of punching fertilising.

9. a kind of storage practice of celery, it is characterised in that：The celery described in claim 6 or 8 is preserved using the mode of heeling in.

10. the storage practice of celery according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Described heels in storage for trench digging is transplanted； Step is as follows：

A. bottom width 1.5-2m, the storage canal of depth 1.2-1.5m are dug out, surrounding adds drainage trenching, and width, depth are 20cm, and are set up Air partition, shed is built on ditch with bamboo pole, above plastic covering film and be curtain；

B. in storage canal, ditched by the line-spacing of 5~10cm and transplanted, in the ranks supported with bamboo pole, pour permeable, the outer soil knot of ditch A water is poured during jelly again, it is ensured that storage temperature is in -1-0 DEG C, relative temperature 90%-95%.