CN106703917A - 气动汽车的节能方法 - Google Patents
气动汽车的节能方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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Abstract
一种利用气动汽车低温尾气作为嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源形成双效耦合动力循环提高气动汽车综合能效的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过回用气动汽车低温尾气为嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源形成耦合动力循环提高气动汽车综合能效的方法。
背景技术
气动汽车以气动发动机作为动力装置。气动发动机采用高压空气储存能量，通过高压气体在发动机气缸内膨胀实现机械能的输出。活塞式发动机效率低，结构复杂，气缸内膨胀很难实现等温，无法避免低温尾气排放造成的效率损失。
膨胀机是一种对外输出功的制冷机械，具有结构紧凑简单、容积效率高、噪音和振动小，高速性能好、使用寿命长等优点。膨胀机膨胀为绝热过程，无法从外界获得能量输出的功只能以工质焓值减少为代价。工质因焓值减少而增加的吸热能力称为膨胀机制冷量。膨胀机制冷量取决于膨胀机作功的多少。压缩空气经膨胀机膨胀从0.6兆帕降至0.1兆帕，理论温降达80℃-90℃。现有螺杆膨胀机压缩空气从1.6兆帕降至0.6兆帕实际温降88℃。这样的低温冷量可以作为以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源，从而提高气动汽车的能效。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种压缩空气耦合动力循环，动力源为压缩空气(液氮)或其它热源，采用膨胀机替代气动发动机，将膨胀机制冷量用作嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源形成耦合动力循环。
膨胀机输出的功等于膨胀机制冷量，以膨胀机制冷量为低温热源、环境温度为高温热源的嵌套循环其输出相当于膨胀机输出，这种耦合动力循环增加了一个吸热过程(从环境)，成倍提高了气动汽车的能效，压缩空气耦合动力循环原理见附图1。
本发明涉及一种与压缩空气耦合动力循环相关联的气动汽车节能方法为空气能双向能效动力循环。空气能是可以感知的环境温度，是太阳辐射热能。该循环运用热泵原理从环境搬运能量，热泵制造的热量等于从环境搬运的热量与消耗电能的和。
液态制冷剂在热泵的蒸发端从环境吸热蒸发对环境而言是制冷，蒸发制冷量(环境增加的吸热能力)等于制冷剂吸热量。同时利用热和冷意味着系统的能效比提高1倍，称双向能效比。热能经膨胀机转化为功为汽车提供动力，蒸发制冷量作为冷却介质进入冷凝器。膨胀机膨胀产生的低温冷量(膨胀机制冷量)作为嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源，参与换热(必要时增加与环境换热)温度回升至环境温度再与冷凝器中的冷却介质(蒸发制冷量)换热，释放潜热冷凝液化，经工质泵送入蒸发器进入下一循环。空气能双向能效动力循环原理见附图2。
空气能双向能效动力循环可以将气动汽车能耗降低75％，大幅度节能是因为它同热泵一样利用了环境能量。环境温度下热泵制热能效比为4。由于空气能双向能效动力循环是耦合循环并利用了冷热双向能效，综合能效比高于4。
以低沸点工质二氧化碳为例，环境温度25℃，设定蒸发温度10℃(对应压力4.5兆帕)。该压力4倍于现行气动发动机的工作压力，完全可以作为气动发动机的动力源。膨胀机膨胀压力从4.5兆帕降至0.55兆帕(对应温度-55℃)。膨胀机入口与出口之间的温差和压差决定膨胀机的热功转换效率。
膨胀机出口-55℃的冷量作为低温热源与嵌套的有机郎肯循环透平尾气(必要时增加与环境)换热，温度回升至20℃(5.73兆帕)与冷凝器10℃的蒸发制冷量换热冷凝液化(二氧化碳一般液态区域：压力低于7.35兆帕，温度31℃至-56℃之间)。
附图说明
图1，压缩空气耦合动力循环原理
图2，空气能双向能效动力循环原理
具体实施方式
动力源为压缩空气(液氮)或环境热能。膨胀过程采用螺杆膨胀机替代气动发动机。膨胀机做功产生的低温(膨胀机制冷量)作为嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源，形成耦合动力循环。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用气动汽车低温尾气作为嵌套的以环境为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源形成耦合动力提高气动汽车综合能效的方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述，气动汽车的动力源为压缩空气、液氮以及其它热源。
3.根据权利要求2所述，其它热源包括但不限于低沸点工质蒸发从环境吸收的热能以及被吸热环境产生的吸热能力(低温冷量)。
4.根据权利要求3所述，压缩空气、液氮以及其它热源经膨胀机(替代气动发动机)膨胀对外做功提供动力。
5.根据权利要求4所述，膨胀机膨胀作功导致气体工质温降产生的冷量(膨胀机制冷量)作为嵌套的以环境温度为高温热源的有机郎肯循环的低温热源。
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201021116Y (zh) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-02-13 | 肖英佳 | 低温深冷混合动力气动汽车 |
| CN101922318A (zh) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-22 | 马重芳 | 单螺杆膨胀机与熔盐相结合的发动机系统 |
| CN202081927U (zh) * | 2011-04-03 | 2011-12-21 | 罗良宜 | 低温朗肯双循环发电装置 |
| CN103016084A (zh) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-03 | 成都昊特新能源技术有限公司 | Lng冷能双透平发电系统 |
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- 2017-01-26 CN CN201710057218.4A patent/CN106703917A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201021116Y (zh) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-02-13 | 肖英佳 | 低温深冷混合动力气动汽车 |
| CN101922318A (zh) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-22 | 马重芳 | 单螺杆膨胀机与熔盐相结合的发动机系统 |
| CN202081927U (zh) * | 2011-04-03 | 2011-12-21 | 罗良宜 | 低温朗肯双循环发电装置 |
| CN103016084A (zh) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-03 | 成都昊特新能源技术有限公司 | Lng冷能双透平发电系统 |
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