CN106699829A - 使用捕获标记物的三磷酸化寡核苷酸的纯化 - Google Patents
使用捕获标记物的三磷酸化寡核苷酸的纯化 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106699829A CN106699829A CN201611239988.2A CN201611239988A CN106699829A CN 106699829 A CN106699829 A CN 106699829A CN 201611239988 A CN201611239988 A CN 201611239988A CN 106699829 A CN106699829 A CN 106699829A
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- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical class Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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Abstract
本发明涉及使用捕获标记物制备三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸的方法。该方法可以以高产量和适用于药物应用的纯度合成和纯化三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸。
Description
本分案申请是基于申请号为201280015575.X,申请日为2012年03月28日,发明名称同上的中国专利申请的分案申请。
描述
本发明涉及使用捕获标记物制备三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸的方法。该方法可以以高产量和适用于药物应用的纯度合成和纯化三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸。
发明背景
Schlee等,Immunity,2009,31,25-34描述了在一条链上携带5’-O-三磷酸酯部分的钝端双链RNA,通过结合RIG-I解螺旋酶,作为有效的免疫系统的刺激剂。因此,对提供简单且有效的用于制备适用于药物应用的高纯度三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸的方法存在需求。
三磷酸酯基团或其类似物与核苷化合物的5’-OH基团的偶联是本领域公知的。Ludwig J.等,J.Org.Chem.1989,54,631-635公开了使用2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮作为亚磷酸化剂的用于制备核苷和类似物的5’-O-三磷酸酯的溶液三磷酸化方法。Gaur R.K.等,1992,Tetrahedron Letters,33,3301-3304描述了在固相上使用所述方法,用于合成2’-O-甲基核糖核苷5’-O-三磷酸酯及其Pα-硫代类似物。美国专利6,900,308B2公开了作为潜在抗病毒化合物的修饰核苷5’-O-三磷酸酯的固相合成,而美国专利7,285,658、7,598,230和7,807,653公开了在糖、核碱基和三磷酸酯部分中具有修饰的核苷三磷酸酯类似物。
WO96/40159描述了用于生产加帽的RNA或RNA类似物分子的方法,其中将RNA或RNA类似物寡核苷酸与亚磷酸化剂(如,2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮或其环取代的衍生物)反应。将所得到的中间体与磷酸酯或焦磷酸酯或其氧化的或水解的盐反应。通过与激活的m7G三-、二-或单磷酸酯或类似物反应,将二-或三磷酸化RNA或RNA类似物加帽。
WO2009/060281描述了含有修饰的寡磷酸酯部分的免疫刺激寡核糖核苷酸类似物和用于制备这些化合物的方法。该方法包括在固体支持物上合成寡核苷酸,在合适的溶剂中,并且在碱的存在下,在寡核苷酸的5’-端,将核苷酸与亚磷酸化剂(如,2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮)反应,将亚磷酸化的寡核苷酸与焦磷酸酯或焦磷酸酯类似物反应,用氧化剂氧化寡核苷酸,并且将寡核苷酸去保护,以产生三磷酸酯-或三磷酸酯类似物-修饰的寡核苷酸。
WO96/40159中使用的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳只可用于小规模分离。用于较长寡核糖核苷的5’-单-、二-、三磷酸化产品的离子交换色谱的分辨力受到限制。所需的变性条件使得分离是个冗长乏味的任务(Sproat,1999;Zlatev,2010;WO2009/060281),此外,产品通常受到正-1、正-2序列及其单-和二磷酸酯的污染,导致纯度不足。已知对RIG-I配体的精确末端结构的敏感性,这些纯化方法对药物应用是次最佳的。
双重靶向策略(siRNA和RIG配体)需要与纯化方法无关的通用序列。
发明概述
大规模生产用于潜在临床使用的5’-O-三磷酸化寡核苷酸及其类似物是高度理想的,并且方便的制备方法也是非常需要的。在本申请中,显示了用捕获标记物(例如,癸胺)可以将固相结合的全保护寡核苷酸的5’-O-环三磷酸酯中间体(参见图1)的环打开,产生对RNA的去保护稳定的Pγ标记的物质。标记物的性质使得捕获标记的三磷酸酯物质特异性停留在捕获标记物特异性试剂上。如果需要,可以按序除去标记物。该方法可以延伸至包括三磷酸酯部分的类似物,例如,含有替代氧原子的例如β,γ-亚甲基、氟代亚甲基、二氟亚甲基和亚氨基的类似物。
捕获标记方法的优势是所需物质的简单纯化和提高的回收,例如,在室温下,通过RP-HPLC或亲和性色谱,任选地紧接着在合适的条件下捕获标记物的切割。
优选实施方案的详述
本发明描述了含有捕获标记物的三磷酸寡核苷酸的合成和纯化,包括其类似物。最广泛使用的用于标准5’-OH寡核苷酸的HPLC纯化的方法是三苯甲基-ON寡核苷酸的反相色谱。
本发明中所述的方法提供了实际的解决方法,对于5’-三磷酸化寡核苷酸具有相似的功效。
因此,本发明的主题是制备式(I)的寡核苷酸的方法,
其中V1、V3和V5在每种情况中独立地选自O、S和Se;
V2、V4和V6在每种情况中独立地选自OH、OR1、SH、SR1、F、NH2、NHR1、N(R1)2和BH3 -M+,
W1是O或S,
W2是O、S、NH或NR2,
W3是O、S、NH、NR2、CH2、CHHal或C(Hal)2,
R1、R2和R3选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C2-6酰基或环基,各自任选被取代,
或其中两个R1可以和与其结合的N-原子一起形成环,
M+是阳离子,
X是NH、NR3、O或S,
Z表示捕获标记物,
Y表示连接所述捕获标记物与X的键或连接物,和
ON表示包含至少4个核苷酸或核苷酸类似物结构单元的寡核苷酸,
所述方法包括下列步骤:
(a)将式(IIa)的化合物与氧化剂反应,
其中V1、V3、V5、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如上限定,以获得式(IIb)的化合物
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如上限定,
(b)将氧化的化合物与式(III)的捕获标记物试剂反应,
Z-Y-XH (III)
其中X、Z和Y如上所述,以获得包含式(I)的寡核苷酸的反应产物,和
(c)在允许寡核苷酸(I)与所述反应产物中所含的其他物质分离的条件下,将步骤(b)的反应产物与能够与所述捕获标记物相互作用的试剂接触。
任选地,该方法进一步包括步骤(d)除去捕获标记物,以获得式(IV)的寡核苷酸,
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如上所述。
在不引起三磷酸酯部分降解的条件下进行该步骤,例如,如以下详细描述的条件。
在进一步的实施方案中,捕获标记物没有除去或没有完全除去。在这些实施方案中,如此标记的寡核苷酸可以具有实用性,例如,作为药剂的实用性。
在本申请内容中的术语“寡核苷酸”包括含有多个(例如,至少4个)核苷酸或核苷酸类似物结构单元的化合物。优选地,寡核苷酸包括6-100个,例如,20-40个结构单元。核苷酸或核苷酸类似物结构单元可以包括由亚基间连接连接的核苷酸或核苷酸类似物亚基。核苷酸亚基包括脱氧核糖核苷亚基、核糖核苷亚基和/或其类似物,特别是糖-和/或核碱基-修饰的核苷类似物。此外,寡核苷酸可以包含非核苷酸结构单元和/或更多的末端和/或侧链修饰。
在优选的糖修饰亚基中,核糖核苷亚基的2’-OH被选自OR、R、卤素、SH、SR、NH2、NHR、NR2或CN的基团取代,其中R是C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基或C2-6炔基,并且卤素是F、Cl、Br或I。在进一步优选的糖修饰亚基中,核糖可以是取代的,例如,被另一种糖取代,例如,戊糖,如阿拉伯糖。这种糖修饰可以结合如上所述的2’-OH修饰,如2’-氟代阿拉伯核苷亚基中的修饰。再进一步优选的糖修饰亚基包括锁核苷(LNA)或2’,3’-断-核苷(UNA)。在优选的核碱基修饰的核苷结构单元中,替代标准核碱基,使用非标准的,非天然产生的核碱基。非标准的核碱基的实例是5-位的尿嘧啶或胞嘧啶,例如,5-(2-氨基)丙基尿嘧啶或5-溴尿嘧啶;次黄嘌呤;2,6-二氨基嘌呤;8-位修饰的腺嘌呤或鸟嘌呤,例如,8-溴鸟嘌呤;去氮核苷,例如,7-去氮鸟嘌呤或7-去氮腺嘌呤;或O-和N-烷基化核碱基,例如,N6-甲基腺嘌呤,或N6,N6-二甲基腺嘌呤。更多合适的核碱基类似物可以选自通用核碱基类似物,如5-硝基吲哚。
亚基间连接可以是磷酸二酯连接或修饰的连接,例如,硫逐磷酸酯、二硫代磷酸酯、膦酸甲酯、氨基磷酸酯、硼磷酸酯,或本领域技术人员已知的另一种修饰的连接。
寡核苷酸可以选自脱氧核糖核苷酸、核糖核苷酸和寡核苷酸类似物。脱氧核糖核苷酸或核糖核苷酸的类似物可以包括至少一个脱氧核糖核苷或核糖核苷亚基和至少一个修饰的核苷亚基和/或至少一个修饰的亚基间连接,例如,如上所述的。寡核苷酸类似物还可以存在于它们完整的修饰核苷亚基中。
寡核苷酸可以是单链分子或双链分子。双链寡核苷酸可以包括全部或部分互补链。双链分子可以是钝端的,或包含至少一个悬垂物,例如,5’-或3’-悬垂物。悬垂物如果存在,优选位于分子的远端(相对于三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团)。双链寡核苷酸还可以包括发夹-结构,其中在其远端(相对于三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团)通过环闭合双链。环可以包含核苷酸和/或非核苷酸结构单元,例如,基于二醇的结构单元,如乙二醇部分,例如,三(乙烯)醇或六(乙烯)醇;丙烷-1,3-二醇;十二烷-1,12-二醇;或3,12-二氧杂-7,8-二硫十四烷-1,14-二醇。
在优选的实施方案中,双链分子是钝端的,特别是在其近端(相对于三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团)。
寡核苷酸可以包括更多的末端和/或侧链修饰,例如,与其共价连接的细胞特异性靶向实体。那些实体可以促进细胞或细胞特异性吸收,并且包括,例如,脂质、维生素、激素、肽、寡糖及其类似物。靶向实体可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法例如连接修饰的核碱基或非核苷酸结构单元。
式(I)或(IV)的寡核苷酸包括三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团。在该基团中,V1、V3和V5独立地选自O、S和Se。优选地,V1、V3和V5是O。V2、V4和V6在每种情况中独立地选自OH、OR1、SH、SR1、F、NH2、NHR1、N(R1)2和BH3 -M+。优选地,V2、V4和V6是OH。R1可以是C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C2-6酰基或环基,例如,C3-8环(杂)烷基、C3-8环(杂)烯基、苯基或C5-6杂芳基基团,其中杂原子选自N、O和S。此外,两个R1可以和与其结合的N-原子一起形成环,例如,5-或6-元环。R1还可以包括取代基,如卤素(例如,F、Cl、Br或I)、O(卤素)C1-2烷基,以及-在环基情况中-(卤素)C1-2烷基。M+可以是无机或有机阳离子,例如,碱金属阳离子,或铵或胺阳离子。
W1可以是O或S。优选地,W1是O。W2可以是O、S、NH或NR2。优选地,W2是O。W3可以是O、S、NH、NR2、CH2、CHHal或C(Hal)2。优选地,W3是O、CH2或CF2。R2可以选自如以上对R1所述的基团。Hal可以是F、Cl、Br或I。
三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团优选连接寡核苷酸的末端。优选地,所述基团与寡核苷酸的5’-端,特别是其5’-端糖的5’-OH-基团连接。
本发明方法的步骤(a)包括式(IIa)的环状P(V)-P(V)-P(III)物质与氧化剂的反应。可以根据Ludwig等,1989,上文和Gaur等,1992,上文中所述的标准方法来获得式(IIa)的化合物,即,在合适的条件下,例如,在碱(吡啶或二异丙基甲胺)的存在下,在合适的溶剂(如二噁烷或二氯甲烷)中,通过将寡核苷酸的5’-端OH-基团与三功能的亚磷酸化剂(例如,2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮)反应,并且随后与焦磷酸酯(W3=O)或修饰的焦磷酸酯(W3不同于O,例如,CH2、CCl2、NH或CF2)反应。优选地,使用DMF中的焦磷酸酯或修饰的焦磷酸酯的三-正-丁铵盐。然后在无水条件下,例如,使用过氧化物,如t-丁基氢过氧化物、枯烯氢过氧化物、(10-樟脑磺酰)哑嗪,来氧化所得到的环状P(III)-P(V)中间体(IIa)。或者,也可以分别使用苯乙酰基二硫化物(V2=S)或硼烷-二异丙基乙胺复合物(V2=BH3),来产生相应的式(IIb)的环状5’-三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物。该内容还可以参考WO96/40159或WO2009/060281,按应用将其内容并入本文中作为参考。
反应步骤(a)可以使用溶液中的寡核苷酸或使用结合固相(例如,有机树脂或玻璃,如CPG)的寡核苷酸来进行。寡核苷酸可以进一步包括保护基团,例如,本领域技术人员公知的糖-或核碱基保护基团。保护基团的优选实例是用于核苷间磷酸二酯或硫逐磷酸酯的2-氰基乙基,用于核糖2’-羟基的叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基氧甲基或双(乙酰氧乙氧基)甲基,用于核碱基的环外氨基的4-叔-丁基苯氧基乙酰基或苯氧基乙酰基、乙酰基、异丁酰基、苯甲酰基。更优选地,使用固相结合的寡核苷酸进行步骤(a)。
根据本发明方法的步骤(b),将化合物(IIb)与式(III)的捕获标记物试剂反应
Z-Y-XH (III)
其中X是选自NH、NR3、O或S的基团。如以上对R1所述的来限定R3。优选地,X是NH或S。
以下通过一系列似是而非的实例来功能性地限定捕获标记物。一般规则为:
Z必须允许方便的纯化,并且在适合pppRNA稳定性要求的条件下应当可以去除。
Y表示化学键或连接物,例如,亚烷基,优选地,C1-6-亚烷基连接物,更优选地,C2-5亚烷基连接物,或芳亚烷基连接物,任选地包含杂原子或含杂原子基团,如O、S、NH、C=O或C=S,和/或任选地包含C=C或C≡C键。
在另一个优选实施方案中,连接物是聚环氧烷连接物,优选地,聚-C2-C6-环氧烷,更优选聚-C2-C3-环氧烷。连接物的数量平均分子量在30-800g/mol的范围内,优选40-450g/mol,更优选40-250g/mol。连接物可以是[-CH2CHR4-O-]n,n=1-10,优选n=1-7,更优选n=2-5,甚至更优选n=3。R4可以是H或C1-6-烷基。
在优选的实施方案中,R4是H。
在特别优选的实施方案中,连接物具有式-CH2-CH2-[(O-CH2CH2)]3-。
可以使用溶液中的寡核苷酸或使用结合固相(例如,有机树脂或玻璃)的寡核苷酸来进行反应步骤(b)。寡核苷酸可以进一步包含如上所述的保护基团。更优选地,使用固相结合的寡核苷酸来进行步骤(b)。
根据本发明的捕获标记物Z是在允许分离包含捕获标记物的化合物(例如,寡核苷酸(I))与不含捕获标记物的其他物质的条件下能够与捕获试剂非共价或共价相互作用的部分。优选地,捕获试剂是固定化试剂或能够被固定化的试剂。
合适的捕获标记物例如是长链(例如,C8-24,优选C13-24)脂族烷基残基,如癸基或十八烷基,或其他脂类/亲脂性残基,如,例如,胆固醇基或生育酚基。在这种情况中,可以通过标准反相色谱,例如,RP-HPLC,或通过疏水性相互作用色谱(HIC),在固相上捕获和纯化标记的三磷酸酯实体。捕获标记物还可以是全氟烷基实体,例如,4-(1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基)苄基或3-(全氟辛基)丙基残基,用于在Fluorous亲和性支持物(如,从FluorousTechnologies,Inc.可购得)上的修饰寡三磷酸酯的特异性捕获。
在另一个实施方案中,捕获标记物可以是非共价高亲和性结合对的第一配偶体,如生物素,或生物素类似物,如脱硫生物素,半抗原或抗原,其对捕获试剂具有高亲和性(例如,10-6l/mol或更低的结合常数),捕获试剂是高亲和性结合对的第二互补配偶体,例如,抗生物素蛋白链菌素、抗生物素蛋白或抗体。
在另一个实施方案中,捕获标记物可以是共价结合对的第一配偶体,其可以与捕获试剂形成共价键,捕获试剂是共价结合对的第二互补配偶体,其中共价键可以是可逆的或不可逆的键。在这个实施方案中,捕获标记物成分Z可以反应性化学实体,在Husigen 3+2环加成反应的情况中(所谓的Cu(I)催化的点击反应”或其变体,没有Cu(I)通过剧烈的环链释放进行,例如在环辛炔衍生物中),是能够与含有互补反应基(例如,分别为,炔基或叠氮部分)的捕获试剂共价反应的如叠氮化物或炔基基团。在这种情况中,Z-Y-X的特异性实例是炔丙基氨基。
在另一个实施方案中,捕获标记物成分可以是含有另外的亲核性基团(例如,NH2-Y-XH型试剂中的第二氨基)的化学实体。然后可以使用各种合适的亲电子Z试剂,如胆固醇、氯甲酸酯或生物素N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯来引入标记基团,同时将寡核苷酸与固相连接,由此显著地延伸了标记反应的范围。
在优选的实施方案中,捕获标记物是长链烷基残基、全氟烷基实体、叠氮化物或炔基基团。
此外,Y可以任选含有二硫键,使得能够收集修饰的三磷酸化寡核苷酸,所述寡核苷酸具有经由连接物部分通过X连接γ-磷的游离巯基部分。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中,寡核苷酸可以在不同的位置,例如,在3’-端携带第二捕获标记物。优选地选择第一和第二捕获标记物,使得可以通过两个正交方法来纯化,使得能够收集非常高纯度的材料。例如,第一捕获标记物可以是亲脂性基团,其可以与合适的色谱支持物相互作用,而第二捕获标记物可以是生物素,其与抗生物素蛋白链菌素相互作用。
通过进行使用用于寡核糖核苷酸合成的修饰CPG(受控玻璃支持物)的合成来方便地引入第二捕获标记物。
本发明方法的步骤(c)包括在允许含有捕获标记物的寡核苷酸(I)与反应产物中所含的其他物质分离的条件下将步骤(b)的反应产物与能够与所述捕获标记物Z相互作用的捕获试剂接触。在步骤(c)之前,将固相结合的寡核苷酸(I)与固相分离并且去保护,即,部分或全部去除保护基团。捕获试剂优选固定在合适的支持物,例如,色谱支持物上。为了提供含有捕获标记物的寡核苷酸(I)与不含捕获标记物的物质的分离,将步骤(b)的反应产物与固相分离并且去保护,如果需要,并接受分离程序,优选基于捕获标记物Z与捕获试剂相互作用的色谱分离程序。在分离步骤的过程中,寡核苷酸(I)的纯度(根据序列的长度和复杂性,对于粗制材料,通常在25-70%范围内)可以提高至90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%或更高。对于毒性研究,需要>85%的纯度,而在后期临床试验中,纯度应当在至少90-95%的范围内。因此,本发明提供了一种获得人临床试验所需的高纯度pppRNA的方法。
在步骤(c)中,捕获标记物和能够与其相互作用的捕获试剂优选选自(i)疏水性或氟化的基团和对疏水性或氟化的基团具有亲和性的色谱材料,例如,反相材料或氟亲和性材料;(ii)非共价高亲和性结合对的第一配偶体和非共价高亲和性结合对的第二互补配偶体,(iii)共价结合对的第一配偶体和共价结合对的第二互补配偶体,其中第一和第二配偶体形成共价键。
在纯化步骤(c)后,可以在步骤(d)中将捕获标记物Z与三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸分离,形成未标记的寡核苷酸(IV)。
步骤(d)必须适合三磷酸酯末端产物的稳定性要求和核糖核苷酸间键的稳定性要求。当X是NH时,可以包括通过温和的酸性条件的切割,当X是S时,使用银离子切割,当Y-X-P含有-S-S-CH2-CH2-O-P时,通过硫醇(如二硫苏糖醇)切割,导致环硫乙烷的消除。
在进一步的实施方案中,捕获标记物组完全或部分保留在三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸上,特别是标记的寡核苷酸适用于药物应用时。在这些实施方案中,试剂Z-Y-XH必须选自Z-残基的亚组,其在功能上适合RIG-I传感器的结构要求。例如,已知Z=癸基-十八烷基,Y=连接,XH=NH组合满足这些要求。
由于其高纯度,根据本发明产生的三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物修饰的寡核苷酸特别适用于药物应用。在特别优选的实施方案中,寡核苷酸(I)或(IV)是RIG-1解螺旋酶的激活剂。合适的RIG-1激活剂的特定实例公开于Schlee等,2009,上文,按引用将其内容并入本文中作为参考。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及通过根据本发明的方法可获得的式(I)的寡核苷酸。
本发明的再另一个主题是用于制备式(I)的寡核苷酸的试剂盒的用途,
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3、X、Y、Z和ON如上限定,
其中该试剂盒包含(a)式(III)的捕获标记物试剂
Z-Y-XH (III)
其中X、Y和Z如上限定,和
(b)能够与所述捕获标记物相互作用的捕获试剂。
本发明的再另一个主题是修饰的式(I)寡核苷酸
其中
X是NH、O、R-O-[P(V1)V2-W1]n或R-O-P(V3)V4-W2-P-(V1)V2-W1
n是1-12,优选1或2,
Y是键,
Z是C13-C24烷基、Q或QNHC2-C24烷基,
Q选自H、氨基酸、氨基酸类似物、C1-C24烷基(优选C12-C24烷基)、肽和脂质,
R是C1-C24烷基、C2-C24烯基、C2-C24炔基和脂质,
R是C1-C24烷基、C2-C24烯基、C2-C24炔基、C2-C24酰基或环基,并且任选地被取代,
和V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如权利要求1-11任一项中限定,其中V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6、W1、W2和W3优选地是O。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,修饰的式(I)寡核苷酸具有是NH的X。该实施方案优选具有是Q的Z或是QNHC2-C24烷基的Z,其中在特别优选的实施方案中,C2-C24烷基是C2烷基和/或Q是H。根据本发明鉴定的寡核苷酸的特别优选的实施方案显示于图8中。
此外,将通过以下附图和实施例来更详细地解释本发明。
图1显示了使用癸基残基作为捕获标记物Z的本发明方法的示意图。
图2显示了经由正-癸基-NH-pppRNA中间体的pppRNA的RP-HPLC纯化
(A)含有65%正-癸基-NH-pppRNA的粗反应混合物(峰值在14分钟);
(B)分离的正-癸基-NH-pppRNA;
(C)pppRNA;pH=3.8,来自B的60分钟水解产物
在图2中,x-轴表示时间[分钟],而y-轴表示260nm处的吸光值[mAu]。
A中10分钟停留时间时的宽峰含有非磷酸化24-mer、较短的合成失败序列、少量pppRNA水解产物和24-mer的5’-H-磷酸酯衍生物。插入物显示了该系统中pppRNA和5’-OHRNA的位置。
柱:Hamilton PRP-1 4.1×250mm,10μm
梯度:18分钟中1-100%B,A=0.05M TEAB;B=80%甲醇0.05M TEAB
图3显示了分别对应于图2中的HPLC踪迹A、B和C的MALDI-TOF谱(x-轴:质量[Da])。
(A)从脱盐后的粗反应混合物记录的谱,显示了正-癸基-NH-pppRNA(24d)、pppRNA(24c)、5’-H-磷酸RNA(24b)和5’-OH-RNA(24a)以及较短的合成失败序列的存在,如峰12-23所示;
(B)从HPLC分离的正-癸基-NHpppRNA(B)记录的谱;
(C)从正-癸基-NH-pppRNA的pH3.8水解产物的直接EtOH沉淀获得的纯pppRNA的谱
图4显示了解释副产物24a-c产生的反应图解。
图5显示了正-癸基-NH-pppRNA经由氨基硫酸酯键酸水解转化成pppRNA的时间过程。
图6显示了除去捕获标记物并作为Na+盐EtOH沉淀后获得的21-mer、24-mer和27-mer pppRNA产物的典型MALDI谱(x-轴:质量[Da])。在m/z 6911.6(A)、m/z 7828(B)、m/z8808.1(C)观察到正确的质量峰,而m/z 3462(A)、m/z 3918(B)、4408(C)的峰分别是由于双倍带电pppRNA引起的。在使用在15-42mer范围中含有核苷类似物和3’修饰的各种序列的超过50个实例中获得了相似品质的谱。
图7A显示了在7mm Hamilton PRP-1柱上的癸基-NHpppRNA 21mer的1μmol规模反应的半制备性规模反相HPLC纯化
柱:Hamilton PRP-1 7×250mm,10μm流速3mL/分钟。
梯度:50分钟中1-80%B,A=0.1M TEAB;B=80%甲醇0.1M TEAB
图7B和图7C显示了半制备性规模反相HPLC纯化,特别显示了本发明的方法能够处理次最佳合成和/或5’-磷酸化条件。
在所有图中,x-轴是体积[ml],而y-轴是260nm处的吸光值[mAu]。
图8显示了特别优选的式(I)的修饰寡核苷酸。
图9显示了化合物F-TAG-pppRNA和N3-TAG-pppRNA的合成(A)和使用N3-TAG RNA的可逆共价固定的策略(B)。
图10显示了F-TAG-pppRNA(A)N3-TAG-pppRNA(B)的MALDI谱。
图11显示了pppRNA和使用烷基残基增加链长的正-烷基-NH-pppRNA的RP-HPLC分析:
A.pppRNA,RT=9.3分钟
B.正-癸基-NH-pppRNA,RT=13.8分钟
C.正-十二烷基-NH-pppRNA,RT=15.5分钟
D.正-十四烷基-NH-pppRNA,RT=17.3分钟
E.正-十八烷基-NH-pppRNA,RT=19.7分钟
实施例1
使用癸基胺捕获标记物纯化步骤制备5’-三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸
实施例1中所述的反应流程的概括显示于图1中。
步骤1:在氩下将203mg(1mmol)2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮溶解于10mL样品瓶(septum vial)中的1mL干二噁烷中。
步骤2:在真空下将含有完全保护的RNA的合成柱干燥12小时,所述RNA已经去三苯甲基,并且用乙腈彻底洗涤。通过在氩气氛中,重复吸入和排出2mL 3:1(v/v)的无水二噁烷/吡啶溶液来彻底洗涤柱内容物。
步骤3:首先将2mL 3:1v/v的吡啶/二噁烷,接着将100μL干二噁烷中的1M 2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮溶液加入小瓶中,以获得50mM的亚磷酸化试剂溶液,例如,3:1(v/v)的二噁烷/吡啶中的2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-2-酮。通过温和振荡将溶液均质。通过合成柱从小瓶吸取2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮溶液来开始反应。
在反应过程中,从合成柱重复吸入和排出含有2-氯-4H-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮的溶液,使得与固相支持的RNA充分接触和良好混合。30分钟的反应时间通常获得20-40nt范围中的结合支持物的寡聚物的游离5’-OH基团的近定量反应。
步骤4:30分钟的反应时间后,将含有过量亚磷酸化剂的二噁烷/吡啶溶液排入废液容器中,给新的注射器装满1mL干DMF中的0.5M(Bu3NH)2焦磷酸酯和238μL(1mmol)干Bu3N,以获得0.5M(Bu3N)4焦磷酸酯溶液。推动该溶液通过柱子,由此与二噁烷/吡啶溶液反应。大的过量的焦磷酸酯溶液确保中间体定量转化成P(III)-P(V)环酐IIa。
步骤5:用3mL CH3CN洗涤柱子,以除去DMF和过量PPi,并且给柱反应器装满干CH3CN。
步骤6:将300μL的t-BuOOH(癸烷的5.5M溶液,Sigma-Aldrich)溶解于2mL无水CH3CN中,以获得大约0.7M的均匀溶液。将合成支持物接触该溶液15分钟,以获得氧化的P(V)环酐IIb。
步骤7:用3mL干CH3CN洗涤柱子,以除去过量过氧化物,并将其装满干CH3CN。
步骤8:在氩下将300μL干癸胺溶解于1mL的干CH3CN中,并使溶液接触柱子中的支持物。癸胺溶液通过支持物移动。CPG与胺溶液的接触时间应当为3分钟。
步骤9:用9mL乙腈彻底洗涤柱子,然后通过将氩快速通过其来干燥柱子内含物。
步骤10-去保护的第一阶段:将1mL去保护溶液(40%含水甲胺/含水浓氨1:1v/v。AMA试剂)通过支持物2-3次。接触30分钟后,将溶液转移至新的小瓶中。用相同体积的AMA去保护溶液洗涤支持物,并合并洗涤液。将合并的溶液和洗涤液在65℃下加热10分钟。在冰上冷却后,将溶液浓缩至300-500μL的体积,然后蒸发至干。
步骤11-2’-O-TBDMS保护基团的去除:通过添加和共同蒸发300μL的干EtOH来干燥残余物,加入1mL THF中的干1M TBAF(四-正-丁基氟化铵),紧密密封,并置于摇床上16h。用1mL无菌含水1M TEAB(三乙基碳酸氢铵)淬灭反应,并将其在NAPTM-25(Nucleic AcidPurification)柱上脱盐,使用无菌水作为洗脱剂。在该步骤中,需要通过无菌2μm滤器过滤。合并并将UV-吸收部分蒸发至150μL的体积,加入100mL 1M TEAB pH8,并且将溶液在-20℃下冷冻存储,直至可以进行HPLC纯化。癸基-NHpppRNA产物在pH7-8下在-20℃下稳定数周。
步骤12-HPLC纯化:将来自步骤11的1μmol规模反应混合物的反应产物装载至7×25mm PRP-1柱(Hamilton)中。使用3mL/分钟流速的50分钟内0至80%的线性梯度缓冲液B进行了纯化。缓冲液A是100mMTEAB,而缓冲液B是甲醇/水8:2v/v中的100mM TEAB。27-mer纯化的典型实例显示于图7A中。
收集级分5和6,在旋转蒸发仪上蒸发,并且通过使用干甲醇的几次共同蒸发来脱盐。将残余物(大约200-250nmol的癸基-NHpppRNA)溶解于水中,并转移至带螺帽的Eppendorf小瓶中。
步骤13-癸胺标记物的去除:将100nmol的癸基-NHpppRNA溶解于2mL Eppendorf管中的400μL pH3.8的去保护缓冲液中,并将密封管在60℃下加热70分钟。这些条件导致氨基磷酸酯键的定量切割,三磷酸酯部分没有降解。然后将反应混合物在冰上冷却,并且加入25μL无菌5M NaCl溶液和1.2mL绝对EtOH。彻底混合后,将溶液保持在-20℃过夜,以沉淀pppRNA。通过离心收集沉淀物,并用冷乙醇洗涤,在SpeedVac上干燥,然后溶解于500mL无菌水中,并在-20℃下冷冻存储。
表1:用于引入5’-端癸基-NHppp-残基的反应条件的概述
含有结合支持物的去三苯甲基RNA的1μmol规模合成柱
试剂的双向移动
→单向洗涤步骤
以类似的方式,还使用十八烷基或胆固醇基捕获标记物合成和纯化了5’-三磷酸修饰的寡核苷酸。
实施例2
使用非亲脂性捕获标记物制备三磷酸寡核苷酸(F-TAG-pppRNA和N3-TAG-pppRNA)
为了证明基于非亲脂性相互作用的纯化策略的实用性,制备了pppRNA衍生物F-TAG-RNA和N3-TAG-RNA(参见图9)。所有合成步骤与实施例1中所述的程序相同,除了在图1的步骤8中,将2mL无水乙腈中的0.1M 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-十七氟十一胺溶液用于结合固相的环三磷酸酯的开环,使用增加3小时的反应,以获得F-TAG-RNA;和2mL干乙腈中的0.1M 11-叠氮-3,6,9-三氧杂十一-1-胺溶液,持续3小时,用于获得N3-TAG-pppRNA。以下的去保护步骤与实施例1中对于DecNHpppRNA详述的那些相同。
F-TAG-RNA和N3-TAG-RNA分析数据(参见图10):
(这些实施例中的RNA序列是5’-GACGCUGACCCUGAAGUUCAUCUU)
*20分钟内PRP-1柱0-100%B(A=100mM三乙基碳酸氢铵(TEAB),B=100mM TEAB80%MeOH)
可以使用商业“氟”筒或氟HPLC柱来纯化含有氟标记物的pppRNA寡核苷酸(F-TAG-pppRNA),所述“氟”筒或氟HPLC柱能够利用全氟化烷基链之间的强烈非共价相互作用。γ-叠氮化物修饰的pppRNA衍生物(N3-TAG-pppRNA)通过铜(I)-催化的-炔烃-叠氮化物环加成反应(点击化学)的RNA相适形式可以共价结合可购得的丙炔修饰的固相。这种程序能够纯化高度结构化的pppRNA序列,因为在树脂结合形式中,可以应用变性条件来除去非三磷酸化副产物。
在酸水解F-TAG-RNA和N3-TAG-RNA时,释放pppRNA终产物,与图5中所述的简单P-N烷基酰胺具有相当的动力学。
实施例3
通过增加链长的正-烷基捕获标记物的标记物-pppRNA的RP-HPLC洗脱位置的变化
除了实施例1中所述的正-癸基-标记物以外,具有较长链(C12、C14、C18)的脂族正-烷基残基可以用于增加标记物-pppRNA产物在RP-HPLC纯化过程中的停留时间,使得能与不含标记物的杂质有效分离。通过改变步骤8:制备正-烷基胺(正-十二烷基胺、正-十四烷基胺或正-十八烷基胺)在干CH2Cl2中的0.1M溶液并且使2mL溶液接触柱子中的支持物,按照实施例1中所述的程序,可以制备正-十二烷基-NH-pppRNA、正-十四烷基-NH-pppRNA和正-十八烷基-NH-pppRNA。推动烷基胺溶液反复通过支持物。3小时的接触时间后,需要用2mLCH2Cl2的再一个洗涤步骤,接着继续下一个工作步骤。
分析数据:
*20分钟内PRP-1柱0-100%B(A=100mM三乙基碳酸氢铵,B=100mM TEAB 80%MeOH)
图11显示了pppRNA和具有增加链长的烷基残基的正-烷基-NH-pppRNA的RP-HPLC分析。
Claims (15)
1.制备式(I)的寡核苷酸的方法,
其中V1、V3和V5在每种情况中独立地选自O、S和Se;
V2、V4和V6在每种情况中独立地选自OH、OR1、SH、SR1、F、NH2、NHR1、N(R1)2和BH3 -M+,
W1是O或S,
W2是O、S、NH或NR2,
W3是O、S、NH、NR2、CH2、CHHal或C(Hal)2,
R1、R2和R3选自C1-6烷基、C2-6烯基、C2-6炔基、C2-6酰基或环基,各自任选地被取代,
或其中两个R1可以和与其结合的N-原子一起形成环,
M+是阳离子,
X是NH、NR3、O或S,
Z表示捕获标记物,
Y表示连接所述捕获标记物与X的键或连接物,和
ON表示包含至少4个核苷酸或核苷酸类似物结构单元的寡核苷酸,所述方法包括下列步骤:
(a)将式(IIa)的化合物与氧化剂反应,
其中V1、V3、V5、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如上限定,以获得式(IIb)的化合物
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如上限定,
(b)将式(IIb)的化合物与式(III)的捕获标记物试剂反应,
Z-Y-XH (III)
其中X、Z和Y如上限定,以获得包含式(I)的寡核苷酸的反应产物,和
(c)将步骤(b)的反应产物与能够与所述捕获标记物相互作用的捕获试剂接触,其中所述接触在允许寡核苷酸(I)与所述反应产物中所含的其它物质分离的条件下进行。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述捕获标记物和所述能够与其相互作用的捕获试剂选自:
(i)疏水性或氟化的基团和对疏水性或氟化的基团具有亲和性的色谱材料,例如,反相材料或氟亲和性支持物;
(ii)非共价结合对的第一配偶体和非共价结合对的第二配偶体,和
(iii)共价结合对的第一配偶体和共价结合对的第二配偶体,其中所述第一和第二配偶体形成共价键。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中三磷酸酯/三磷酸酯类似物基团与寡核苷酸的5’-端连接,特别是与其5’-端糖的5’-OH-基团连接。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的方法,进一步包括下列步骤:
(d)除去所述捕获标记物,以获得式(IV)的寡核苷酸,
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如权利要求1中限定。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸选自脱氧核糖核苷酸、核糖核苷酸和寡核苷酸类似物。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸是单链或双链的。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸是双链的,并且双链体在其远端通过环闭合,其中所述环包括核苷酸和/或非核苷酸结构单元。
8.权利要求6或7的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸是双链的,并且双链体在其近端是钝端。
9.权利要求1-8任一项的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸包含与其共价连接的细胞特异性靶向实体。
10.权利要求1-9任一项的方法,其中所述寡核苷酸(I)或(IV)是RIG-1的激活剂。
11.式(I)的寡核苷酸,可通过权利要求1-10任一项的方法获得。
12.用于制备式(I)的寡核苷酸的试剂盒的用途,
其中V1、V3、V5、V2、V4、V6、W1、W2、W3、X、Y、Z和ON如权利要求1-10任一项中限定,
其中该试剂盒包含:
(a)式(III)的捕获标记物试剂
Z-Y-XH (III)
其中X、Z和Y如权利要求1-10任一项中限定,和
(b)能够与所述捕获标记物相互作用的捕获试剂。
13.式(I)的修饰寡核苷酸
其中
X是NH、O、R-O-[P(V1)V2-W1]n或R-O-P(V3)V4-W2-P-(V1)V2-W1,
n是1-12,优选1或2,
Y是键,
Z是C13-C24烷基、Q或QNHC2-C24烷基,
Q选自H、氨基酸、氨基酸类似物、C1-C24烷基,优选C12-C24烷基、肽和脂质,
R是C1-C24烷基、C2-C24烯基、C2-C24炔基和脂质,
R是C1-C24烷基、C2-C24烯基、C2-C24炔基、C2-C24酰基或环基,并且任选地被取代,
和V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6、W1、W2、W3和ON如权利要求1-10任一项中限定,其中V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6、W1、W2和W3优选地是O。
14.权利要求13的修饰寡核苷酸,
其中
X是NH或O,和
Z是C13-C24烷基、Q或QNHC2-C24烷基。
15.权利要求13的修饰寡核苷酸,
其中
X是R-O-[P(V1)V2-W1]n,
n是1或2,和
V1、V2和W1是O。
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| PL2691410T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
| HRP20170577T1 (hr) | 2017-08-11 |
| RS55912B1 (sr) | 2017-09-29 |
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| SMT201700211T1 (it) | 2017-05-08 |
| HUE033843T2 (en) | 2018-01-29 |
| EP2508530A1 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| CY1118867T1 (el) | 2018-01-10 |
| CA2830980C (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| US20170145410A2 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
| JP6373908B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
| EP2691410B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| EP3199538A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
| WO2012130886A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
| SI2691410T1 (sl) | 2017-05-31 |
| DK2691410T3 (en) | 2017-05-01 |
| US20140024819A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
| CN103492405B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| CA2830980A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
| JP2014514920A (ja) | 2014-06-26 |
| EP3199538B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
| LT2691410T (lt) | 2017-04-25 |
| US9399658B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
| EP2691410A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
| AU2012234296A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
| JP2017008071A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
| ES2623002T3 (es) | 2017-07-10 |
| AU2012234296B2 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| PT2691410T (pt) | 2017-05-02 |
| US20160298116A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
| US9896689B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
| JP5981985B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
| CN103492405A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
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