CN106639811A - Double-leaf tunnel protective door or cave chamber door with explosion-proof-wave hanging plates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cave chamber door with explosion-proof-wave hanging plates. The double-leaf door comprises a door frame, two door leaves and upper-lower connecting rod type locking structures. The two door leaves are connected with the door frame through hinge pages and the upper-lower connecting rod type locking structures are arranged inside the door leaves correspondingly. A plurality of bulges inserted into a wall body are arranged around the door frame. A ventilation opening is formed in the position with the height being two thirds-three fourths of each door leaf. The explosion-proof-wave hanging plates capable of being opened and closed are arranged on the surfaces, towards a tunnel, of the door leaves, and when the explosion-proof-wave hanging plates are closed, the region where the ventilation openings are located can be covered. The door-leaf cave chamber door is provided with the ventilation openings and the explosion-proof-wave hanging plates which play a protective effect on the surface, ventilation and heat dissipation are achieved, and equipment in the tunnel can further be protected to a certain extent. Additionally, external structures of the door frame and internal structures of the door leaves are improved, fatigue resistance performance and anticorrosion performance of the cave chamber door can be greatly improved, and the service life of the cave chamber door is prolonged.

Description

A double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway construction, and in particular relates to a structure for a door of a tunnel internal equipment chamber.

Background technique

A tunnel is a building passage for cars or trains to pass through. Tunnels are usually equipped with caverns for placing equipment, and tunnel protective doors are used in railway tunnels, such as cross passages, caverns for various equipment (ventilation, communication, power, etc.), emergency rescue operations, emergency exits, shelters, shafts Access to tunnels, inclined shaft access tunnels, repeaters, substations and other caverns, it is used for fire prevention, anti-explosion, resisting positive and negative wind pressure caused by train periodic piston wind, preventing equipment damage and ensuring personnel safety. special purpose doors.

Due to the requirements on the pressure bearing capacity of protective doors and cavern doors in tunnels, generally there are no windows or ventilation holes on the doors, but the air flow space in the tunnel is narrow, and the airflow speed is slow when no trains pass by. Considering the ventilation and heat dissipation requirements of cavernous equipment, For some devices, it is necessary to provide ventilation holes. However, the pressure in the tunnel after the ventilation hole is set may have a certain influence on the setting in the cavern. In view of this, the present invention proposes an explosion-proof wave suspension plate for the ventilation hole on the protective door of the tunnel cavern.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate.

It includes a door frame and two door leaves respectively connected to the door frame through hinges;

The door leaf is a hollow cuboid structure, inside which is provided with an upper and lower link type locking structure and a steel skeleton for supporting the hollow cuboid structure;

The cuboid structure of the door frame, hinge and door leaf is all made of glass fiber reinforced plastic;

Ventilation openings are provided at 2/3 to 3/4 of the height of each door leaf, and an openable and closable explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided on the surface of the door leaf facing the tunnel. When the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is closed, it can cover all the area where the vents are located.

Preferably, the door frame is surrounded by a plurality of protrusions integrally formed with the door frame and fixed on the concrete support structure in the wall or on the fireproof and explosion-resistant plate, and the protrusions are inserted into the concrete support The depth of the structural or fireproof and anti-explosion board is 10-20cm;

Preferably, the distance between adjacent protrusions on the upper and lower horizontal frames of the door frame is 50-60 cm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions on the left and right vertical frames of the door frame is 75-90 cm. The passage of trains in the tunnel generates piston wind, which produces periodic positive and negative winds on the side walls of the tunnel lining structure, which is the so-called aerodynamic effect of the train. During the operation of the train, the maximum positive and negative wind pressure can reach 0.01MPa. If an explosion occurs in the tunnel, the pressure can reach 0.1MPa. Protrusions are arranged around the door frame, and the protrusions are inserted into the walls around the cavern door, so that the cavern door and the walls can be closely combined, and the fatigue resistance of the door can be enhanced. Using the above parameters in the process of setting the protrusions can not only effectively deal with the positive and negative wind pressure brought about by the aerodynamic effect of the train, but also reduce the number of protrusions as much as possible and reduce the production cost.

Preferably, an outer edge protruding along the wall is provided on the side of the door frame close to the cave; the protrusion is a polyhedron including upper, middle and lower parts, facing the direction of the cave, so The protrusion is in the shape of a waist drum with a thin middle part and thick upper and lower parts; the upper part of the protrusion is a hexahedron with the upper bottom facing the direction of the cavern and the lower bottom facing the direction of the tunnel. The upper bottom and the lower bottom are parallel to each other, and the upper bottom The area is smaller than the lower bottom surface; the lower part of the protrusion is a trapezoidal quadrangular prism, and the bottom surface of the quadrangular prism faces the inside of the cavity; the upper bottom of the trapezoidal bottom is on the top, and the lower bottom is on the bottom; The raised middle part is a cuboid connecting the upper part and the lower part of the raised part. During the installation process, the door frame is fixed on the concrete support structure or fire-proof and explosion-proof plate in the tunnel by cement pouring, facing the direction of the cavern, it is set in a waist drum shape with a thin middle part and thick top and bottom. The thinner part in the middle of the protrusion can be entered to achieve a more firm fixation of the upper and lower parts of the door frame; it is further preferred that the lower part of the protrusion is a quadrangular prism with a trapezoidal bottom, and the bottom faces the chamber. Inside, the upper bottom of the trapezoid is on the top, and the lower bottom is on the bottom; a certain angle is formed from the lower part of the protrusion to the middle part, which is more conducive to the concrete filling of the thinner part of the middle part; The outer edge protruding around the wall; when the pressure in the tunnel is small, the outer edge is blocked by the wall and can provide support for the door frame towards the cavern. The upper bottom surface of the raised upper door The area is smaller than the lower bottom surface, and the lower bottom surface is located on the side close to the tunnel. When the pressure in the tunnel is high, this protrusion can provide greater support for the door frame and prevent the door frame from moving toward the cavern. Enhance the firmness of the door frame in the front and rear directions.

Preferably, the steel skeleton includes a steel cuboid frame with the same area as the bottom surface of the hollow cuboid and a plurality of crossed steel reinforcing ribs welded in the rectangular frame, and the thickness of the cuboid frame and the reinforcing ribs is the same, which is 2/3 to 3/4 of the internal thickness of the hollow cuboid; the steel skeleton is set to include a cuboid frame on the outside and a structure with reinforcing ribs inside. For good support, the internal reinforcement can form better support for the two sides of the door leaf; further setting its thickness to 2/3 to 3/4 of the internal thickness of the hollow cuboid can better support it.

Preferably, in the width direction, the distance between the parallel steel skeletons is 40-60 cm, and in the height direction, the distance between the parallel ribs is 60-80 cm.

Preferably, from the traffic side of the tunnel towards the interior of the cavern, the door leaf is sequentially laminated by an outer door panel, a fire-resistant board, a heat insulation board, a steel frame and an inner door board; the fire-resistant board is made of ceramic fiber (aluminum silicate fiber ) board, the heat insulation board is a phenolic resin board, and the outer door board and the inner door board are the bottom surface of the hollow cuboid, which are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Both the inner door panel and the door leaf body are made of glass fiber reinforced plastics. Glass fiber reinforced plastics are lightweight, high-strength, and have great pressure resistance even in the case of small thickness. Setting it as a hollow structure and setting a steel skeleton on its inner surface can further increase its pressure bearing capacity. , It is also convenient to install locks with complex structures inside; adding fire-resistant boards and heat-shielding boards can further enhance its fire-resistant performance.

Preferably, the upper and lower link-type locking structures run through the door leaf up and down, and are finally fixed above and below the door frame. The lock is set inside the door and penetrates up and down and finally fixed on the door frame. Connecting the door connecting body with the door frame can transmit the force of the door to the door frame, reduce the unilateral force of the door leaf, and strengthen its fatigue resistance performance, prolonging its service life.

Preferably, the upper and lower link-type locking structure includes a link-type lock, a locking seat and a rack-and-pinion closed box;

The link-type lock includes a metal rod-shaped upper lock and a lower lock, and one end of the upper lock and the lower lock is set as a rack, and the rack is engaged with the gear in the rack-and-pinion airtight box; The other ends of the upper lock and the lower lock extend upward and downward respectively, and are finally inserted into the locking seats respectively located above and below the door frame.

A handle for controlling the lock switch is arranged in the middle of the rack and pinion closed box.

A lock for controlling the locking switch is provided next to the rack and pinion closed box. When the lock is in a closed state, the outwardly protruding bolt can prevent the connecting rod from moving with the rack and pinion box. Keep the lock in a closed state.

Preferably, the horizontal distance between the upper and lower link-type locking structures and the end of the door leaf near the hinge is 2/3-3/4 of the width of a single door leaf. This design enables the locking structure to provide the best support for the door leaf, which is more conducive to withstanding the pressure in the tunnel.

Preferably, the upper edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is fixed on the door leaf by splicing. Limiting seat for opening angle.

Preferably, the specific method of the splicing is as follows: an outwardly protruding winch seat is provided on the door leaf, a reserved hole a for the hinge shaft is provided on the side of the winch seat close to the tunnel, and the explosion-proof wave suspension plate The upper edge is provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece forms an obtuse angle with the surface of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate near the tunnel side; the top of the connecting piece is provided with a reserved hole b, and the twisted shaft passes through the twisted shaft for a predetermined time. The hole a and the hinged shaft reserved hole b position the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and the twisted shaft is provided with a torsion spring; the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is opened under the torsion force of the torsion spring and gravity. Setting such a splicing mode and setting the connector at an obtuse angle with the surface of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate close to the tunnel side can ensure that the explosion-proof wave suspension plate just completely covers the area where the vent is located when it is closed under a relatively large pressure. area.

Preferably, the limit seat is a cuboid support seat, one end of the support seat is fixed on the door leaf corresponding to the lower edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and the other end opposite to it is provided with an upward protruding Limit stopper. Under normal circumstances, the aerodynamic wind pressure in the tunnel is small, and the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is in an open state under the action of torsion spring torsion and gravity. The limit stopper can control the opening degree of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and an explosion occurs in the tunnel Control the movement direction of the explosion-proof wave hanging plate at the same time, so that it moves towards the window or the ventilation hole, so as to protect the equipment in the tunnel cavity.

Preferably, the opening angle of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is 8-20°. This angle can not only play a certain role in ventilation and heat dissipation, but also be easy to close when subjected to high pressure.

Preferably, the edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided with a refractory gasket. Setting the refractory gasket can not only play a better role in protecting the windows or ventilation holes, but also play a certain buffer to reduce the bit impulse during the movement of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate.

Preferably, the distance between the edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate and the edge of the window or the outermost ventilation hole is 15-20mm.

Preferably, the hinge includes a hinge seat fixed on the door frame, a hinge body fixed on the door leaf and a hinge shaft connecting the two; the hinge body includes a bottom and a convex body integrally formed with the bottom The raised part is provided with a through hole for the hinge shaft to pass through; the hinge seat includes two raised parts with a through hole, and the hinge is used to accommodate the hinge between the two raised parts. The protrusion of the body; the hinge body and the hinge seat are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the hinge shaft is made of stainless steel.

Preferably, the hinges are arranged inside the cavity. The hinge is set on the surface of the protective door facing the cave, so that the cave door can be opened and closed in the direction of the cave. If the hinge falls off, the cave door will not fall to the side of the track, reducing potential safety hazards .

Further preferably, the width of each door leaf is 110-130 cm, the height is 250-280 cm, and the thickness is 10-13 mm, and the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic is 0.8-1.2 cm; in the width direction, they are parallel to each other The distance between the steel skeletons is 40-60 cm, the distance between the reinforcing ribs parallel to each other is 60-80 cm in the height direction, and the thickness of the steel skeleton is 6-9 cm. The distance between adjacent protrusions on the upper and lower horizontal frames of the door frame is 50-60 cm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions on the left and right vertical frames of the door frame is 75-90 cm. Regarding the size of the door leaf described in this application, setting the protrusion and the steel frame to the above size can not only meet the pressure demand in the tunnel, but also save the cost of raw materials.

The door leaf cavern door of the present invention has windows or ventilation holes on its surface, which can realize ventilation and heat dissipation. Further, in order to protect the equipment in the measurement from high pressure and fire, an explosion-proof wave suspension is set on the surface of the windows or ventilation holes. plate. The explosion-proof wave suspension plate is usually in an open state, and when an explosion occurs in the tunnel, it will be closed under the action of pressure, which can protect the internal equipment. In order to enhance the fatigue resistance of the door leaf, a plurality of protrusions inserted into the wall are provided on the outside of the door leaf, and a connecting rod type lock is set for a single door leaf, which can not only strengthen the connection between the door frame and the cavern wall, but also strengthen the This improves the firmness of the connection between the door and the door frame, which strengthens the firmness of the entire door body, greatly improves the fatigue resistance of the cavern door, and achieves the effect of safe ventilation and heat dissipation. The anti-blast load of the final cavern door is not less than 0.1Mpa, and the fire resistance limit is not less than 3 hours.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the cavern door of the present invention on one side of the tunnel;

Fig. 2 is a front view of the cavern door of the present invention on one side of the cavern;

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the cavern door of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the protrusion of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the upper and lower link type locking structure;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram when the upper and lower link type locking structures are locked;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate.

In the figure: 1, protruding, 1.1, protruding upper part; 1.2, protruding middle part; 1.3, protruding lower part; 2, door frame, 3, hinged leaf, 4, door leaf, 4.1, outer door panel, 4.2, fireproof board, 4.3 , heat insulation board, 4.4 steel frame, 4.5 inner door panel, 5, upper and lower link type locking structure, 5.1, upper link, 5.2, lower link, 5.3, rack and pinion airtight box, 5.4, locking piece, 5.5, Lower lock, 5.6, locking seat, 5.7, switch handle, 5.8, control lock, 6.1, hinge seat, 6.2, explosion-proof wave suspension plate, 6.3, connecting piece, 6.4, support seat, 6.5, refractory gasket.

detailed description

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

This embodiment relates to a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door (as shown in Figure 1) with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate,

It includes a door frame 2 and two door leaves 4 respectively connected to the door frame 2 through hinges 3;

The door leaf is a hollow cuboid structure, inside which is provided with an upper and lower link type locking structure and a steel skeleton for supporting the hollow cuboid structure;

The cuboid structure of the door frame, hinge and door leaf is all made of glass fiber reinforced plastic;

Vents 7 are provided at 2/3 to 3/4 of the height of each door leaf, and the surface of the door leaf facing the tunnel is provided with an openable and closable explosion-proof wave suspension plate 6, which can be opened and closed when the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is closed. Cover the area where the vent is located.

Example 2

This embodiment relates to a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate, (its schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2) compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that

On the side of the door frame close to the cave, there is an outer edge 2.1 protruding around the wall;

The door frame is surrounded by a plurality of protrusions 1 integrally formed with the door frame and fixed on the concrete support structure in the wall or on the fireproof and anti-explosion plate. The protrusions 1 are inserted into the concrete support structure or The depth of the fireproof and anti-explosion board is 20cm;

The bulge is a polyhedron including upper, middle and lower parts, facing the direction of the cave, the bulge is in the shape of a waist drum with a thin middle part and thick upper and lower parts; the upper part 1.1 of the bulge is the upper bottom facing the cave Direction, the hexahedron with the lower bottom facing the direction of the tunnel, the upper bottom and the lower bottom are parallel to each other, and the area of the upper bottom is smaller than the lower bottom; The interior of the cavity; the upper bottom of the trapezoidal bottom is on the top, and the lower bottom is on the bottom; the raised middle part 1.2 is a cuboid connected with the upper bottom of the trapezoid. (Figure 4)

From the opening side of the tunnel to the interior of the cavern, the door leaf is sequentially stacked by an outer door panel 4.1, a refractory panel 4.2, a heat insulation panel 4.3, a steel frame 4.4 and an inner door panel 4.5. The refractory panel is made of ceramic fiber (silicic acid aluminum fiber) board, the heat insulation board is a phenolic resin board, and the outer door board and inner door board are the bottom surface of the hollow cuboid, which are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. Both the inner door panel and the door leaf body are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (as shown in FIG. 3 ).

The steel skeleton includes a steel cuboid frame with the same area as the bottom surface of the hollow cuboid and a plurality of cross steel reinforcing ribs welded in the rectangular frame. 2/3 of the internal thickness of the cuboid;

Inside the door leaf, there is an upper and lower connecting rod type locking structure 5 that runs through the door leaf up and down and is finally fixed above and below the door frame. The lock is arranged inside the door and penetrates up and down and finally fixed on the door frame;

The connecting rod type includes an upper connecting rod 5.1 and a lower connecting rod 5.2, and one end of the upper connecting rod 5.1 and the lower connecting rod 5.2 is set as a rack, and the rack is connected to the rack in the rack and pinion airtight box 5.3. gear meshing; the other ends of the upper link and the lower link are respectively provided with an upper lock 5.4 and a lower lock 5.5, and the upper lock 5.4 and the lower lock 5.5 are cylinders whose diameter is larger than that of the upper link , the upper and lower locks are fixed in the locking seat 5.6 and inserted into the lock holes of the upper and lower horizontal frames of the door frame when the upper and lower locks are locked. The upper and lower connecting rods are in a locked or opened state under the control of the switch handle 5.7.

The side of the rack and pinion closed box is provided with a control lock 5.8 for controlling the lock switch. When the lock is in the closed state, the outwardly protruding dead bolt can prevent the connecting rod from moving with the rack and pinion box. movement, so that the lock is in a closed state.

The horizontal distance between the upper and lower link-type locking structure and the door leaf near the hinge is 2/3 of the width of a single door leaf; (the locking structure is shown in Figures 5 and 6)

Example 3

This embodiment relates to a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that

The upper edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is fixed on the door leaf by splicing, and the opening angle of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is controlled at the position corresponding to the lower edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate 6.2 of the door leaf. The limit seat 6.4.

The specific way of said splicing is as follows: on said door leaf, an outwardly protruding winch seat 6.1 is provided, the side of said winch seat close to the tunnel is provided with a reserved hole a for the hinge shaft, and the upper edge of said explosion-proof wave suspension plate There is a connecting piece 6.3, which forms an obtuse angle with the outer surface of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate close to the tunnel; the top of the connecting piece is provided with a reserved hole b, and the twisted shaft passes through the reserved hole of the twisted shaft a and the reserved hole b of the twisted shaft position the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and the twisted shaft is provided with a torsion spring; the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is opened under the torsion force of the torsion spring and gravity.

The limit seat is a cuboid support seat 6.4, one end of the support seat is fixed on the door leaf corresponding to the lower edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and the other end opposite to it is provided with an upwardly raised limit position block.

The opening angle of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is 8-20°.

The edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided with a refractory gasket 6.5.

The distance between the edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate and the edge of the window or the outermost ventilation hole is 15mm.

Example 4

This embodiment relates to a double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate. Compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that

The width of each door leaf is 110cm, the height is 250cm, and the thickness is 10mm. The thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic is 0.8cm; in the width direction, the distance between the steel skeletons parallel to each other is 40cm; The spacing between the reinforcing ribs parallel to each other is 60cm, and the thickness of the steel skeleton is 6cm. The distance between adjacent protrusions on the upper and lower horizontal frames of the door frame is 50 cm, and the distance between adjacent protrusions on the left and right mullions of the door frame is 75 cm

The anti-blast load of the cavern door described in this embodiment is not less than 0.1Mpa, and the fire resistance limit is not less than 3 hours.

Although, the present invention has been described in detail with general description, specific implementation and test above, but on the basis of the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art . Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A double-fan tunnel protective door or cavern door with an explosion-proof wave suspension plate, is characterized in that, It includes a door frame and two door leaves respectively connected to the door frame through hinges; The door leaf is a hollow cuboid structure, inside which is provided with an upper and lower link type locking structure and a steel skeleton for supporting the hollow cuboid structure; The cuboid structure of the door frame, hinge and door leaf is all made of glass fiber reinforced plastic; Ventilation openings are provided at 2/3 to 3/4 of the height of each door leaf, and an openable and closable explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided on the surface of the door leaf facing the tunnel. When the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is closed, it can cover all the area where the vents are located. 2. The double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 1, characterized in that, a plurality of concrete support structures integrally formed with the door frame and fixed in the wall are provided around the door frame or The protrusions on the fire-proof and anti-explosion board, the depth of the protrusions inserted into the concrete support structure or the fire-proof and anti-explosion board is 10-20cm. 3. The double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 2, characterized in that, on the side of the door frame close to the cavern, an outer edge protruding around the wall is provided; the protrusion It is a polyhedron consisting of upper, middle and lower parts, facing the direction of the cave, the protrusion is in the shape of a waist drum with a thin middle part and thick upper and lower parts; the upper part of the protrusion is the upper bottom facing the direction of the cave, and the lower bottom A hexahedron facing the direction of the tunnel, the upper bottom and the lower bottom are parallel to each other, and the area of the upper bottom is smaller than the lower bottom; the lower part of the protrusion is a quadrangular prism with a trapezoidal bottom, and the bottom of the quadrangular prism faces the cavern The inside of the trapezoidal bottom; the upper bottom of the bottom trapezoid is on the top, and the lower bottom is on the bottom; the middle part of the protrusion is a cuboid connecting the upper and lower parts of the protrusion. 4. The double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steel skeleton comprises a steel cuboid frame with the same area as the bottom surface of the hollow cuboid and welded to the hollow cuboid. A plurality of cross steel reinforcing ribs in the rectangular frame, the thickness of the rectangular parallelepiped frame and the reinforcing ribs are the same, which is 2/3-3/4 of the inner thickness of the hollow rectangular parallelepiped. 5. The double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 4, characterized in that, from the traffic side of the tunnel towards the interior of the cavern, the door leaf is sequentially composed of an outer door panel, a refractory board, a heat insulation board, a steel The framework and inner door panels are laminated, the refractory board is a ceramic fiber (aluminum silicate fiber) board, the heat insulation board is a phenolic resin board, and the outer door board and inner door board are the bottom of the hollow cuboid. 6. The double-leaf tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, the upper and lower link-type locking structures run through the door leaves up and down, and are finally fixed above and below the door frame. 7. The tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, the upper edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is fixed on the door leaf by splicing, and the door leaf and the explosion-proof A limit seat for controlling the opening angle of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided at a position corresponding to the lower edge of the wave suspension plate. 8. The tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 7, characterized in that, the specific manner of the hinged connection is: an outwardly protruding hinge seat is provided on the door leaf, and the hinge seat is close to the tunnel One side is provided with the reserved hole a of the twisted shaft, and the upper edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece forms an obtuse angle with the outer surface of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate close to the tunnel; The top is provided with a reserved hole b, and the twisted shaft passes through the reserved hole a and the reserved hole b of the twisted shaft to position the explosion-proof wave suspension plate, and the twisted shaft is provided with a torsion spring; the explosion-proof The wave suspension plate handles the open state under the action of torsion spring torsion and gravity. 9. The tunnel protective door or cavern door according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, the limit seat is a cuboid support seat, and one end of the support seat is fixed on the lower edge of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate On the door leaf at the corresponding position, the other end opposite to it is provided with an upwardly protruding limiting block. 10. The tunnel protection door or cavern door according to claim 9, characterized in that, the opening angle of the explosion-proof wave suspension plate is 8-20°.