CN1066245C - Starter with planetary gear reduction mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

Around the outer periphery of the armature core 520, a stator core 558 and a stator coil 559 wound around the stator core 558 are provided, forming a fixed magnetic field device. One end portion of the stator coil 559 is provided at a position on the outer periphery of the planetary gear speed reduction mechanism 300, that is, on the outer periphery of the center carrier 360, and the motor partition 800 is formed with a stepped portion 810 to accommodate the one end portion. On the other hand, the other end of the stator coil 559 is provided at a position on the outer periphery of the brush 910. In short, the outer diameter of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 may be made smaller than the inner peripheral diameter of the stator coil 559.

Description

Starter with planetary gear reduction mechanism

Technical field

The invention relates to a starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism for starting an engine.

Background technique

A starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism in the prior art, in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 110931/1988, discloses a surface-shaped commutator for a starter motor. Usually, it is perpendicular to the armature The direction of the shaft axis is set.

However, since the structure in the prior art is a structure in which the planetary gear reduction mechanisms are arranged axially or in series, the magnetic field device, the brush device and the magnetic switch device of the starter motor are arranged on the same axis. The output of the motor needs to be increased, and the axial length is further increased. As a result, the engine mountability of the starter is seriously impaired. Another disadvantage is that when the starter is mounted on the engine, the length from the mounting surface to the motor and the magnetic switch increases, and the impact resistance deteriorates.

The present invention is based on the above background, and its main purpose is to provide a starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism with reduced axial length, improved installability, and improved impact resistance.

Invention Disclosure

To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, a starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism is provided, including: a starter motor having an electric motor for rotatably supporting an armature core around which an armature coil is wound. a pivot shaft, a commutator connected to the armature coil and disposed at a position substantially parallel to the end of the armature core, a brush slidably supported by the commutator, and a magnetic field device disposed on the outer periphery of the armature core; A planetary gear reduction mechanism comprising a sun gear formed on the outer circumference of an armature shaft of a starter motor, a drive shaft arranged coaxially with the armature shaft, and a planet mounted on one end of the drive shaft and meshing with the sun gear A gear, and an internal gear meshed with a planetary gear; wherein, the end of the magnetic field device of the starter motor overlaps at least one of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the brush.

According to this structure, the end of the magnetic field device of the starter motor overlaps at least one of the outer circumference of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the outer circumference of the brush, so that the axial length of the magnetic field device required in the prior art is determined by the outer circumference of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the outer circumference of the brush. Absorbed by the space around the brush periphery, the axial length is reduced. As a result, mountability of the starter is achieved, and shock resistance is improved.

In addition, an end portion of the armature coil is disposed substantially parallel to an end face of the armature core, and is electrically connected to another coil end portion spaced apart from the other armature bobbin at a predetermined interval, In this way, the ends of the coil form a commutator.

According to this structure, the end of the armature coil does not need a conventional coil end wound for connecting the coil element and the commutation element, nor is it a planar commutator as a separating element. As a result, the commutator of the prior art is no longer required, the axial length of the armature itself is significantly reduced, and, since the end of the field device is arranged in the space around the brush periphery, the axial length of the starter is reduced overall. decrease.

Furthermore, a magnetic switch is also provided to provide power for the starter motor, and the magnetic switch is arranged on the brush side of the starter motor and is substantially perpendicular to the axial direction of the armature shaft.

According to this structure, it is not necessary to provide a space required for plunger operation in the axial direction of the armature shaft, and only the outer diameter length of the magnetic switch is added in the axial direction. In this way, the axial length of the end portion of the magnetic switch is further reduced.

Further, the motor diaphragm is made of magnetic material and is arranged adjacent to the end face of the fixed magnetic field device, so that the leakage magnetic flux around the axial end of the magnetic field device can be concentrated, and the magnetic flux is restricted to stay around the coil end. The adverse effects of commutation are reduced.

A brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of one embodiment of the starter of the present invention. 2A and 2B are a front view and a partially cutaway front view when a pinion rotation adjusting member is mounted on a pinion mechanism portion. Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway side view of the armature. Figure 4 is a top plan view of the core board. Fig. 5 is a side view of an upper coil bar. Fig. 6 is a front view of the upper coil bar. Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an arrangement state of an upper coil bar and a lower coil bar. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the upper coil element and the lower coil element installed in the slot. Fig. 9 is a front view when the upper coil end is assembled on the armature core. Fig. 10 is a front view of an insulating spacer. Fig. 11 is a side sectional view of the fixing element. Fig. 12 is a side sectional view of an insulating cap. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a magnetic switch plunger. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of an end frame. Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a brush holder. Fig. 16 is a side sectional view of a brush holder. 17A, 17B, and 17C are circuit diagrams of the working state of the pinion gear mechanism.

The best state of implementing the present invention

Next, the starter of the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment of the accompanying drawings 1-17.

The starter is generally divided into: a case 400 surrounding a pinion gear mechanism 200 and a planetary gear mechanism 300 engaged with a ring gear 100 mounted on an engine; a motor 500; and an end frame 700 surrounding the magnetic switch 600. In this starter, the housing 400 and the motor 500 are separated by a motor partition 800 , and the motor 500 and said end frame 700 are separated by a brush holder element 900 .

[Pinion gear mechanism 200]

As shown in FIG. 1 , 2A or 2B, the pinion gear mechanism 200 is formed by a pinion gear 210 meshing with the ring gear 100 of the engine.

On the circumference of the pinion 210 , a pinion helical spline 211 that cooperates with a helical spline 221 formed on the output shaft 220 is formed. On the opposite side of the ring gear is formed a pinion 210 which has an annular flange 213 with a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pinion 210 . The flange 213 is formed with teeth 214 all over its outer peripheral surface, and the number of teeth 214 is more than that of the external gear of the pinion 210 . These teeth 214 are provided to cooperate with regulating pawls 231 of a pinion rotation regulating member 230 to be described later. The washer 215 is rotatably provided behind the flange 213 and is prevented from falling off axially by a curved ring portion 216 formed at the rear end of the pinion 210 toward its outer periphery.

On the other hand, the pinion gear 210 is always pushed to the rear of the output shaft 220 by a return spring 240 formed of a compressed coil spring.

[pinion rotation adjustment element 230]

The operation of the pinion rotation adjusting member 230 will be described below. The band member 680 is a transmission means for transmitting the operation of the magnetic switch 600 to the regulating claw 231 . By the operation of the magnetic switch 600 , the drive belt member 680 pulls the rotary adjusting portion 232 downward, whereby meshing is established between the adjusting pawl 231 and the teeth 214 of the flange 213 of the pinion 210 . Since the adjusting pawl 231 meshes with the teeth 214 of the pinion 210, when the pinion 210 is driven by the armature shaft 510 of the motor 500 and the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 to rotate, the pinion 210 follows the helical spiral of the output shaft 220. The spline 221 moves forward. When the pinion 210 adjoins the ring gear 100, the forward movement of the pinion 210 is prevented, and the pinion rotation adjusting member 230 itself is further acted by the rotational force of the output shaft 210, so that the pinion 210 rotates slightly and contacts with the ring gear. 100 meshes. When the pinion 210 moves forward, the adjusting pawl 231 disengages from the tooth 214, so that the adjusting pawl 231 falls behind the flange 213 of the pinion 210, so that its front end abuts against the back of the washer 215, thereby, The pinion gear 210 is prevented from returning due to the rotation of the engine ring gear 100 .

[Planetary gear mechanism 300]

The planetary gear mechanism 300 is a reduction mechanism for reducing the rotational speed of the motor 500 described below and increasing the output torque of the motor 500 , as shown in FIG. 1 . The planetary gear mechanism 300 includes: a sun gear 310 formed on the outer periphery of the front side of an armature shaft 510 (described below) of the motor 500; three pairs of planetary gears 320 rotating around the sun gear 310; A planetary gear carrier 330 is integrally formed to support the planetary gear 320 rotating around the sun gear 310;

[Overrunning Clutch 350]

The overrunning clutch 350 is provided so that the internal gear 340 can only rotate in one direction (rotate with the rotation of the engine). The overrunning clutch 350 includes: a clutch outer part 351 forming a first cylindrical part integrated with the front side of the internal gear 340; an annular clutch inner part 352 formed on the back of the center bracket 360; The rollers (not shown) on 351a, the above-mentioned annular clutch inner part 352 form a fixed side cover covering the front of the planetary gear mechanism 300 and a second cylindrical part arranged at the position facing the inner periphery of the clutch outer part 351, The roller channel 351 a is obliquely provided on the inner periphery of the clutch outer 351 .

[Center Bracket 360]

The center bracket 360 is disposed at the rear side of the case 400 . The two are connected by an annular spring (not shown), one end of the spring is held on the housing 400, and the other end is held on the center bracket 360, so that the rotation effect received by the clutch inner part 352 arranged on the overrunning clutch 350 can be controlled by The ring spring absorbs it, preventing it from passing directly to the housing 400 .

[Planet carrier 330]

The rear end of the planet gear carrier 330 is provided with a protruding portion 331 in the form of a flange, and the protruding portion 331 extends radially to support the planet gear 320 . A fixed rearwardly extending pivot 332 is provided on the protruding portion 331 of the flange, and the planetary gear 320 is rotatably supported by a metal bearing 333 . Also, the planet carrier 330 is rotatably supported by a housing bearing 440 whose front end is fixed to the front end of the housing 400 and a center bracket bearing 370 fixed on the inner cylindrical portion 365 of the inner periphery of the center bracket 360 .

The front end of the planet gear carrier 330 is provided with an annular groove, in which a stop ring 335 is installed. Between the stopper ring 335 and the front end of the inner cylindrical portion 365, a washer rotatable relative to the planet carrier 330 is inserted. When the stop ring 335 abuts against the front end of the inner cylindrical portion 365 through the spacer, the adjustment planetary gear carrier 330 moves backward. Also, the center carrier bearing 370 supporting the rear side of the planet carrier 330 is formed in a rear end with a flange portion 371 inserted between the rear end of the inner cylindrical portion 365 and the flange protruding portion 331 . When the flange protruding portion 331 abuts against the rear end of the inner cylindrical portion 365, the adjustment planetary gear carrier 330 moves forward.

Incidentally, an axially extending recess 337 is provided at the rear of the output shaft 220 . The front end of the shaft 510 is rotatably supported by the carrier bearing 380 provided in the concave portion 337 .

[Motor 500]

The motor 500 is surrounded by a yoke 501, a motor spacer 800 and a brush holder element 900 which will be described below. Incidentally, the motor spacer 800 accommodates the planetary gear mechanism 300 and the center bracket 360 together so as to prevent lubricant oil in the planetary gear mechanism 300 from intruding into the motor 500 .

The structure of the motor 500 is as shown in Figure 1: it consists of an armature 540 and a fixed magnetic field device 550 for rotating the armature 540, the armature 540 consists of an armature shaft 510, an armature coil 530 fixed on the armature shaft 510 Composed with the armature core 520, and make the three rotate together. The fixed magnetic field device 550 is used to rotate the armature 540 and is fixed on the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 501 .

[Armature shaft 510]

The armature shaft 510 is rotatably supported by the planet carrier bearing 380 at the rear of the planet carrier 330 and the brush holder member bearing 564 fixed on the inner peripheral surface of the brush holder member 900 . The front end of the armature shaft 510 is inserted into the planetary gear mechanism 300 , and the sun gear 310 of the planetary gear mechanism 300 is formed on the outer peripheral surface.

[Armature core 520]

As shown in FIG. 4 , the armature core 520 is formed by stacking a set of core sheets 521 , and is press-fitted with the armature shaft 510 in a hole 522 formed in the center of the stacked core sheets 521 . The laminated core sheet 521 is formed by pressing thin steel sheets together and making their surfaces insulated. A group of holes 523 are punched on the inner side of the laminated core sheet 521 (or around the hole 522) to reduce its weight, and a group of (for example, 25) grooves 524 are also formed on its outer peripheral surface for use To accommodate the armature coil 530 . Furthermore, fixing claws 525 for fixing the armature coil 530 in the slots 524 are formed on the outer peripheral ends of the stacked core pieces 521 between the respective slots 524 . The fixing claws 525 serve as means for fixing the armature coil 530, which will be described later.

[Armature Coil 530]

The armature coil 530 suitable for this embodiment is a double-layer coil consisting of a group (for example, 25) of upper layer coil bars 531 radially overlapping and lower layer coil bars 532 having the same number as the above-mentioned upper layer coil bars 531 . And, each of these upper layer coil bars 531 and lower layer coil bars 532 are joined together so that their ends are electrically connected to form a loop coil.

[Upper Coil]

The upper layer coil bar 531 is made of a material with good electrical conductivity (such as copper), and is provided with: an upper layer coil element 533 extending in a direction parallel to the fixed magnetic field device 550 and arranged on the outer peripheral side of the slot 524; Both ends of the upper layer coil element 533 are bent inwardly along the upper layer coil end portion 534 extending in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the armature shaft 510 . By the way, the upper layer coil element 533 and the two upper layer coil end portions 534 are casted at a low temperature; or pressed into a C-shaped bend; or the upper layer coil element 533 and the two upper layer coil end portions 534 are welded. Made of sewing technology.

The upper coil element 533 is a straight rod with a square section, as shown in Figures 5-8, is forced to be packed into the groove 524 together with the lower coil element 536 to be described below, so that it is covered by an upper insulating film (for example, as shown in FIG. Nylon such resin film or paper) cover, as shown in Figure 8.

As shown in FIG. 7, one of the two upper coil end portions 534 is inclined to the front side with respect to the direction of rotation, and the other is inclined to the rear with respect to the direction of rotation. The two upper coil end portions 534 are radially inclined at the same angle with respect to the upper coil element 533 and have the same shape. As a result, the upper coil bar 531 maintains the same shape even after being rotated by 180°. In short, the two upper coil ends 534 are made the same shape to provide a good working condition when the upper coil bar 531 is assembled on the armature core 520 .

Among the two upper coil ends 534 , the upper coil end 534 on the side of the magnetic switch 600 abuts against the brush 910 described below to provide power for the armature coil 530 . For this reason, at least the surface of the upper coil end portion 534 abutting against the brush 910 is made a smooth surface. The starter of this embodiment no longer needs to be equipped with a separate commutator to power the armature coil 530 . In short, eliminating the separate commutator reduces the number of starter parts and manufacturing steps, thereby reducing cost. Further, since an independent commutator is no longer provided in the starter, another effect of reducing the size of the starter in the axial direction is achieved.

Further, the upper coil end 534 abuts against the brush 910, so that the heat generated by the sliding contact between the upper coil end 534 and the brush 910 is scattered from the upper coil end 534 to the upper coil element 533, electric On the armature core 530 and the armature shaft 510. However, since the heat capacity of the armature coil 530, the armature core 520, and the armature shaft 510 is greater than that of the independent commutator in the prior art, the sliding contact portion between the upper coil end 534 and the brush 910 can Keep the temperature low.

[Lower Coil Rod 532]

Like the upper coil bar 531, the lower coil bar 532 is made of a material with good electrical conductivity (such as copper), and is provided with: a lower coil element extending in a direction parallel to the fixed magnetic field device 550 and arranged inside the slot 524 536 ; two lower coil end portions 537 bent inwardly from both ends of the lower coil element 536 and extending along a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the armature shaft 510 . Incidentally, the lower coil element 536 and the two lower coil ends 537 are formed in the same manner as the upper coil bar 531: by low-temperature casting; or by pressing into a C-shaped bend; The element 536 and the two lower coil ends 537 are made in one piece using a welded seam technique.

In addition, insulation between each upper coil end 534 and each lower coil end 537 is maintained by an insulating spacer 560, and insulation between each lower coil end 537 and the armature core 520 is maintained by resin (for example, nylon or The insulating ring 590 made of phenolic resin) realizes.

The lower coil element 536 is a straight rod with a square section, as shown in FIGS. Incidentally, the lower layer coil element 536 and the upper layer coil element 533 covered with the upper layer insulating film 125 are thus disposed together in the groove 524 while being covered by the lower layer insulating film 105 (made of nylon or paper).

Above-mentioned two lower layer coil end portions 537, one lower layer coil end portion 537 is located at the front side of the starter, and is inclined along the direction opposite to the upper layer coil end portion 534, while the other is located at the rear side lower layer coil end portion 537 is also inclined in the opposite direction to the aforementioned upper coil end 534 . The two lower coil end portions 537 are radially inclined at the same angle with respect to the lower coil element 537 and are formed in the same shape. As a result, like the upper coil bar 531 , the lower coil bar 531 maintains the same shape even after being rotated by 180° with respect to the lower coil bar 532 . In short, the two lower coil ends 537 are made the same shape to provide a good working condition when the lower coil bar 532 is assembled on the armature core 520 .

The two lower coil elements 537 are formed with lower inner extensions 539 extending in the axial direction at the ends of their inner peripheral surfaces. The outer peripheral surface of the lower inner extension part 539 cooperates with the groove 562 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the insulating spacer 560, and is welded to the inner peripheral surface of the upper inner extension part 538, so that the upper and lower inner extension parts 538 The inner and outer peripheral surfaces of , 539 overlap each other, and are electrically connected and mechanically sealed. The above-mentioned upper layer inner extension portion 538 is provided at the end of the upper layer coil end portion 534 . Incidentally, the inner peripheral surface of the lower layer inner extension portion 539 is insulated and disposed away from the armature shaft 510 .

On the other hand, the two upper layer coil end portions 534 are formed with upper layer inner extension portions 538 extending in the axial direction at the end portions of the inner peripheral surfaces thereof. These upper inner extensions 538 are welded to the outer peripheral surface of the lower inner extension 539, so that the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the upper and lower inner extensions 538, 539 overlap each other, electrically and mechanically sealed. The lower inner extension portion 539 is disposed at the inner end of the lower coil bar 532 to be described below. Moreover, the outer peripheral surface of the upper inner extension portion 538 abuts against the inner surface of the outer peripheral annular portion 571 of the fixing element 570 through the insulating cap 580 , and the fixing element 570 is press-fitted on the armature shaft 510 .

[Insulation gasket 560]

The insulating spacer 560 is a thin annular sheet made of resin (for example, epoxy resin, phenolic resin or nylon), and a group of holes 561 as shown in FIG. 10 are formed on its outer peripheral side, and these holes are used to assemble each upper layer coil The protruding portion 534a of the end portion 534 . On the other hand, the inner periphery of the insulating spacer 560 is formed with a groove 562 for fitting the lower inner extension 539 of the lower coil end 537 . These holes 561 and slots 562 in the insulating spacer 560 are generally used to locate and secure the armature coil 530, as will be described below.

[fixed element 570]

The fixing element 570 is an annular resin element, as shown in FIG. 11 , comprising: an inner peripheral annular portion 572 press-fitted on the armature shaft 510; 534 and the adjustment ring 573 that the lower coil end 537 protrudes from the axial direction; the outer peripheral portion 571 of the upper inner extension 538 surrounding the upper coil end 534 is used to prevent the inner diameter expansion of the armature coil 530 caused by centrifugal force . Incidentally, this fixing member 570 has a disc-shaped insulating cap 580 as shown in FIG. Insulation between end 534 and lower coil end 537.

In this armature 540 , the upper coil ends 534 at both ends of the upper coil bar 531 and the lower coil ends 537 at both ends of the lower coil bar 532 forming the armature coil 530 are formed perpendicular to the armature axis 510 . As a result, the axial dimension of the armature 540 itself is reduced, and the axial dimension of the motor 500 is shortened, so that the starter can be made smaller than in the prior art.

In this embodiment, a magnetic switch 600 is also provided in the axially shortened space of the motor 500 by eliminating the separate commutator. Although the axial dimension of the starter is not changed compared with the prior art, however, since the space used by the magnetic switch 600 installed in the above-mentioned prior art motor 500 can be reduced, compared with the prior art , The volume occupied by the starter can be greatly reduced.

[Fixed magnetic field device 550]

The fixed magnetic field device 550 is composed of a stator core 558 disposed on the yoke 501 and a stator coil 559 wound on the stator core 558 . One terminal of the stator coil 559 is installed in the space of the outer peripheral surface of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 , that is, disposed on the outer periphery of the center bracket 360 . Incidentally, a stepped portion 810 is provided on the motor spacer 800 so as to accommodate one terminal portion of the aforementioned stator coil. On the other hand, the other terminal of the stator coil 559 is provided in a space on the outer peripheral surface of the brush 910 to be described below.

As a result, the terminal portion of the stator coil 559 can be disposed in a space around the outer periphery of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the brush so that the gap between the starter motor armature core 520 and the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 or the brush holder 900 is reduced. , thereby reducing the axial dimension.

[Magnetic switch 600]

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 13, the magnetic switch 600 is supported by a brush holder member 900 described below, and is disposed on an end frame 700 described below so that it is fixed generally perpendicular to the armature shaft 510.

When the magnetic switch 600 is energized, the plunger core 610 is pushed up, so that the two contacts (ie, the lower movable contact 611 and the upper movable contact 612 ) are sequentially connected to the head 621 of the terminal bolt 620 and the fixed contact. The abutting portion 631 of 630 is in contact. In addition, the terminal screw 620 is connected to a battery cable (not shown).

On the upper side of the plunger 610 , there is a fixed plunger shaft 615 extending upward from the plunger 610 . The plunger core shaft 615 stretches through the hole formed in the central part of the fixed iron core 642 and protrudes upwards. The upper movable contact 612 is disposed on the plunger shaft 615 above the fixed core 642 so as to slide vertically along the plunger shaft 615 . As shown in FIG. 13 , the upper movable contact 612 is adjustable to move upwardly from the upper end of the plunger shaft 615 through a split ring 616 fixed to the upper end of the plunger shaft 615 . As a result, the upper movable contact ring 612 is slid vertically along the plunger axis 615 between the split ring 616 and the stationary core 642 . Also, the upper movable contact 612 is always biased upward by the contact pressure spring 670 made of a leaf spring fixed on the plunger shaft 615 .

The upper movable contact 612 is made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper, and has two ends. When moving upwards, the two ends abut against the two abutting portions 631 of the fixed contact 630 . Also, the respective wires 910a of the paired brushes 910 are mechanically and electrically fixed to the upper movable contact 612 by riveting or welding. In the groove portion of the upper movable contact 612, there is also a terminal that is mechanically and electrically connected and fixed to a resistor 617, forming a group (two in this embodiment) of limiting devices.

Incidentally, each lead wire 910a of the brush 910 is mechanically and electrically connected to the upper movable contact 612 by riveting or welding. Also, the respective wires 910a of the brush 910 and the upper movable contact 612 may be integrally formed.

Resistor 617, which consists of a set of high resistance metal coils, allows motor 500 to rotate at a low speed during the initial phase of the starter. The other end of the resistor 617 is fixed on the movable power contact 611 by riveting or the like, and the movable power contact 611 is located below the head 621 of the terminal bolt 620 .

The lower movable contact 611 is made of metal with good conductivity such as copper, and is close to the upper surface of the fixed iron core 642. When the magnetic switch 600 is closed, the plunger iron core 610 is in its lower position. When the resistance When 617 is pulled upward by the plunger shaft 615 and before the upper movable contact 612 contacts the butt portion 631 of the fixed contact 630 , the lower movable contact 611 abuts against the head 621 of the terminal bolt 620 .

A slot 682 is formed on the lower surface of the plunger 610, and the slot 682 accommodates a ball element 681 tethered to the tail end of a band element 680 (such as an electric wire). Internal threads such as 683 are provided on the inner peripheral wall of the groove 682 . The internal thread 683 is fixed with the fixing bolt 684 to fix the ball element 681 in the groove 682 . The length of the strip-shaped element 680 is adjusted by means of the insertion of an adjusting fixing screw 684 into the internal thread 683 . In addition, when the lower movable contact element 611 is abutted on the terminal bolt 620 , by adjusting the length of the belt element 680 , the adjusting pawl 231 of the pinion rotation adjusting element 230 is engaged with the teeth 214 on the outer circumference of the pinion 210 . Moreover, the internal thread 683 and the fixing bolt 684 also form an adjustment mechanism.

Further, since the armature shaft 510 is arranged in the vertical direction of the axial direction, the magnetic switch 600 only increases its length in the radial direction, but the total axial length of the starter will not increase, so the starter will not be enlarged. The overall structure.

[End frame 700]

The end frame 700 is a magnetic switch cover made of resin (for example, phenolic resin), as shown in FIG. 14, and the magnetic switch 600 is housed therein.

On the back of the end frame 700 is formed a spring retainer 710 protruding forward according to the position of the brush 910 to support a compression coil spring 914 to bias the brush 910 forward.

[Brush holder component 900]

The brush holder member 900 not only has the function of separating the inside of the yoke 501 from the end frame 700 when the brush holder bearing 564 rotatably supports the rear end of the armature shaft 510, but also has the function of supporting the magnetic switch 600. The brush holder acts as a pulley 690 guiding the belt element 680. In addition, holes, not shown, are formed in the brush holder 900 to guide the strip-shaped member 680 passing therethrough.

The brush holder 900 is formed by casting a metal such as aluminum into a spacer shape, as shown in Figures 1, 15 and 16, with a set (not shown) of brush holder holes 911 and 912 for axial support Brush 910. The upper brush holder hole 911 is a hole for holding the brush 910 to receive a positive voltage and hold the brush 910 through an insulating cylinder 913 made of resin such as nylon or phenolic resin. On the other hand, the lower brush holder hole 912 is a hole for holding the brush 910, is grounded and directly clamps the brush 910 in the hole.

Also, the brush 910 is pushed with its front end surface by the compression coil spring 914 to the rear end surface of the upper coil end portion 534 at the rear end of the armature coil 530 .

Incidentally, the lead wire 910a of the upper brush 910 is mechanically and electrically connected with the upper movable contact 612 moved by the magnetic switch 600 by welding or riveting or the like. On the other hand, the lead wire 910a of the lower brush 910 is mechanically and electrically connected to the groove 920 formed in the rear end surface of the brush holder member 900 by riveting. In addition, this embodiment is equipped with a pair of lower brushes 910 connected to a lead wire 910 a whose center is riveted to a groove 920 on the rear end surface of the brush holder member 900 .

Two legs 930 for holding the front of the magnetic switch 600 and two fixing columns 940 for surrounding the magnetic switch 600 are formed on the back of the brush holder 900 . When the magnetic switch 600 abuts against the support leg 930 , the two fixing posts 940 clamp the magnetic switch 600 with their own riveted rear ends.

The lower side of the rear end e of the brush holder member 900 has a pulley support portion 950 for supporting the pulley 690 to change the moving direction of the belt member 680 from the vertical direction to the axial direction of the magnetic switch 600 .

[Working process of the embodiment]

Below, describe the course of work of starter with reference to accompanying drawing 17.

When the driver operates the key switch 10 to the start position, power is supplied from the battery 20 to the attraction coil 650 of the magnetic switch 600 . When the coil 650 is energized, the plunger 610 is attracted by the magnetic force generated by the attracting coil 650 and rises from its lower position.

As the plunger 610 begins to rise, the upper movable contact 612 and the lower movable contact 611 are lifted by the plunger shaft 615, and the rear end of the band member 680 is also lifted upward. When the rear end of the belt element 680 is raised, its front end is pulled down to move the pinion rotation adjustment element 230 downward. When the adjusting pawl 231 cooperates with the tooth 214 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pinion 210, the lower movable contact 611 abuts against the head 621 of the terminal bolt 620 under the action of the downward movement of the pinion rotating adjusting member 230 (as shown in Figure 17A). The terminal bolt 620 is supplied with voltage by the battery 20, so it can provide this voltage to the upper brush 910 through the lower movable contact 611, the resistor 617, the upper movable contact 612 and the wire 910a. Then, the armature coil 530 generates a relatively weak magnetic force, which acts on (ie, attracts or repels) the magnetic force of the fixed magnetic field device 550, causing the armature 540 to rotate at a low speed.

As the armature shaft 510 rotates, the sun gear 310 at the front end of the armature shaft 510 drives the planetary gears 320 in the planetary gear mechanism 300 to rotate. If the rotational torque of the planetary gear 320 of the ring gear 100 driven by the rotation of the planetary gear carrier 330 is transmitted to the internal gear 340, the rotation of the internal gear 340 is adjusted by the overrunning clutch 350. In short, through the rotation of the planetary gear 320, the The planetary gear carrier 330 decelerates, and the internal gear 340 no longer rotates. When the planetary gear carrier 330 rotates, the pinion 210 rotates only under the regulation of the pinion rotation adjusting member 230 , so that it moves forward along the helical spline 221 of the output shaft 220 .

As a result of the forward movement of the pinion 210, it meshes fully with the ring gear 100 of the engine until it abuts against the retaining ring 250 of the pinion. When the pinion 210 moves forward further, the adjustment pawl 231 disengages from the teeth 214 of the pinion 210 until the front end of the adjustment pawl lands on the rear side of the washer 215 provided on the rear end of the pinion 210 .

On the other hand, when the pinion 210 is in the forward position, the upper movable contact 612 rests on the abutting portion 631 of the fixed contact 630 . Then, the battery voltage of the terminal bolt 620 is directly applied to the brush 910 through the upper movable contact 612 and the wire 910a. In short, the armature coil 530 composed of each upper coil bar 531 and each lower coil bar 532 is supplied with a high current to generate a strong magnetic force, thereby rotating the armature 540 at a high speed.

The rotation of the armature shaft 510 is decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism 300 so as to drive the rotation of the planetary gear carrier 330 with the increased rotational torque. At this time, the front end of the pinion gear 210 abuts against the pinion gear retaining ring 250 so that the pinion gear 210 rotates together with the planetary gear carrier 330 . In addition, since the pinion gear 210 meshes with the ring gear 100 of the engine, it can drive the ring gear 100, that is, drive the output shaft of the engine to rotate.

Then, when the engine starts to rotate and its ring gear 100 rotates faster than the pinion 210, a retracting force is generated on the pinion 210 under the action of the helical splines. However, since the rotary regulating pawl 231 falls behind the pinion 210 and prevents the pinion 210 from retreating, the engine starts without error when the pinion 210 is prevented from disengaging prematurely (as shown in FIG. 17B ).

When the engine that starts the ring gear 100 rotates faster than the pinion gear 210 , the pinion gear 210 is driven to rotate by the ring gear 100 . Then, the rotational torque transmitted from the ring gear 100 to the pinion gear 210 is further transmitted to the pin 332 supporting the planet gear 320 through the planet carrier 330 . In other words, the planetary gears 320 are driven by the planetary gear carrier 330 . Then, the reverse torque from the engine start time is applied to the internal gear 340, so that the overrunning clutch 350 rotates the ring gear 100. In more detail, if a reverse torque from engine start time is applied to the ring gear 340, the rollers on the overrunning clutch 350 are pushed out of the grooves of the clutch's inner member 352, allowing the ring gear 340 to rotate.

Briefly, to rotationally drive pinion 210, the relative rotation of starter ring gear 100 is absorbed by overrunning clutch 350 so that armature 540 is not rotationally driven by the engine.

After the engine is started, the operator removes the key switch 10 from the start position, and stops supplying power to the attracting coil 650 of the magnetic switch 600 . When the power supply to the attraction coil 650 is stopped, the plunger 610 returns downward under the action of the compression coil spring 660 .

Then, the upper movable contact 612 leaves the mating portion 631 of the fixed contact 630 , and the lower movable contact 611 leaves the head 621 of the terminal bolt 620 , interrupting the power supply to the upper brush 910 .

When the plunger 610 returns downward, the pinion rotation adjustment member 230 returns upward under the action of its return spring portion 236 so that the adjustment pawl 231 leaves the back of the pinion 210 . Then, the pinion 210 is returned backward by the return spring 240 , out of engagement with the engine ring gear 100 , and leans its rear end against the flange-like projecting portion 222 of the output shaft 220 . Briefly, pinion 210 reverts to the starter's pre-start phase (as shown in Figure 17C).

Further, as a result of the plunger iron core 610 returning downwards, the lower movable contact 611 leans against the top of the fixed iron core 642 of the magnetic switch 600, thereby, through the upper movable contact 612, the resistor 617, the lower movable contact 611 , the fixed iron core 642, the magnetic switch cover 640 and the brush holder component 900, the wire 910a of the upper brush 910 is conducted. In short, the upper brush 910 and the lower brush 910 are shorted through the brush holder element 900 . At the same time, the rotational inertia of the armature 540 generates an electromotive force on the armature coil 530 . In addition, the electromotive force is short-circuited through the upper brush 910 , the brush holder member 900 , and the lower brush 910 so that the braking force acts on the rotational inertia of the armature 540 . As a result, the armature 540 suddenly stops.

[Effect of the embodiment]

One end of the stator coil 559 is provided in the outer peripheral space of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 , that is, the outer periphery of the center bracket 360 , and the other end is provided in the outer peripheral space of the brush 910 . Therefore, the distance between the armature core 520 of the stator motor and the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 is reduced, reducing the structure in the axial direction.

[another embodiment]

Also, in the present invention, one end of the stator coil 559 is provided on the outer periphery of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 , and the other end is provided in the outer peripheral space of the brush 910 . Also, only one end is provided in a space on the outer circumference of the planetary gear reduction mechanism 300 or the outer circumference of the brush 910 .

Further, the stator core 558 and the stator coil 559 constituting the fixed magnetic field device 550 can also be replaced by permanent magnets.

In addition, the provided motor spacer 800 and brush holder 900 (which can also be used as a motor spacer) are composed of magnetic materials, and the motor spacer 800 and brush holder 900 are arranged in contact with the yoke 501 to form a magnetic circuit, and The motor separator 800 and the brush holder 900 are closely arranged so that the distance between them and the end face of the stator core 558 is sufficiently greater than the distance between the stator core 558 and the armature core 520, and the leakage magnetic flux generated at the end of the stator core 558 passes through the motor The separator 800 and the brush holder 900 flow and do not flow around the ends of the armature coils. In this way, the inductance of the coil is reduced during the commutation operation, and the adverse effects in the commutation are reduced.

Industrial availability

As described above, the starter provided according to the present invention can be used as a starter of a gear reduction mechanism, and can reduce its axial dimension, improve installability and impact resistance.

Claims (6)

1. A starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism, comprising: A starter motor having an armature shaft for rotatably supporting an armature core around which an armature coil is wound, a commutator connected to the armature coil and disposed at a position substantially parallel to the end of the armature core, slidable The brushes supported by the commutator, and the fixed magnetic field device arranged on the outer periphery of the armature core; The planetary gear reduction mechanism includes a sun gear formed on the outer circumference of the armature shaft of the starter motor, a planetary gear supported on one end of a drive shaft coaxially arranged with the armature shaft and meshed with the sun gear, and a planetary gear meshed with the planetary gear. internal gear, Wherein, the end of the fixed magnetic field device of the starter motor overlaps at least one of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the brush. 2. The starter with planetary gear reduction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The armature coil includes an upper armature coil and a lower armature coil installed in the armature core slot; Each of the upper and lower armature coils has a coil bar installed in the slot and a coil end arranged at one end of the coil bar, and the end of the coil is substantially parallel to the end face of the armature core; The coil ends of the upper coil rods are electrically connected to the coil ends of the lower coil rods, and the two coil rods are separated by a predetermined interval; The coil ends of the upper layer coil bars serve as the commutator. 3. The starter with planetary gear reduction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The armature coil includes upper and lower armature coils arranged in the armature core slot; Each of the upper and lower armature coils has a coil bar installed in the slot and a pair of coil ends disposed at both ends of each coil bar, and the end faces of the coil ends and the armature core are substantially parallel; The coil ends of the upper coil rods are electrically connected to the corresponding coil ends of the lower coil rods, and the two coil rods are separated by a predetermined interval; One coil end of the upper coil bar serves as the commutator. 4. The starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising: A magnetic switch that provides electric power to the starter motor, the magnetic switch is arranged on the brush side of the starter motor and is substantially perpendicular to the axial direction of the armature shaft. 5. A starter with a planetary gear reduction mechanism, comprising: A starter motor having an armature shaft for rotatably supporting an armature core around which an armature coil is wound, a commutator connected to the armature coil and disposed at a position substantially parallel to the end of the armature core, slidable A brush supported by a commutator, a cylindrical yoke forming a magnetic circuit formed around the outer periphery of the armature core, and a fixed magnetic field device arranged on the inner periphery of the yoke; The planetary gear reduction mechanism includes a sun gear formed on the outer circumference of the armature shaft of the starter motor, a planetary gear mounted on one end of a drive shaft coaxial with the armature shaft and meshed with the sun gear, and a planetary gear meshed with the planetary gear. internal gear; a motor separator made of magnetic material is arranged in contact with the yoke and adjacent to the end face of the fixed magnetic field device to form the magnetic circuit, Wherein, the end of the fixed magnetic field device of the starter motor overlaps at least one of the planetary gear reduction mechanism and the brush. 6. The starter with planetary gear reduction mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The motor partition is formed by at least one motor partition wall separating the planetary gear reduction mechanism from the starter motor and the brush holder supporting the brushes.

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