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CN106532157A - 具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统 - Google Patents

具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统 Download PDF

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CN106532157A
CN106532157A CN201610812813.XA CN201610812813A CN106532157A CN 106532157 A CN106532157 A CN 106532157A CN 201610812813 A CN201610812813 A CN 201610812813A CN 106532157 A CN106532157 A CN 106532157A
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electric energy
pole
battery pack
energy accumulator
pack system
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M.维尔卡
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Lithium Energy and Power GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统,所述电池组系统包括至少一个电蓄能器,所述电蓄能器具有与电蓄能器的第一电极电连接的第一极;具有与电蓄能器的第二电极电连接的第二极;具有用于使电蓄能器放电的快速放电单元,所述快速放电单元具有与第一极电连接的第一端子,其特征在于,所述电池组系统包括用于触发快速放电单元的具有导电的机械组件的触发单元,其中机械组件借助于电蓄能器的导电的壳体和/或借助于电连接直接地与第二极电连接。

Description

具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统
技术领域
本发明以按照独立权利要求的前序部分所述的具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统为出发点,所述电池组系统包括至少一个电蓄能器,所述电蓄能器具有与电蓄能器的第一电极电连接的第一极,具有与电蓄能器的第二电极电连接的第二极,具有用于使电蓄能器放电的快速放电单元,所述快速放电单元具有与第一极电连接的第一端子,具有与第二极电连接的第二端子。
背景技术
出版物DE 10 2011 015 829 A1公开一种具有电流中断装置的电化学蓄能电池,所述电流中断装置用于将蓄能电池的被设置用于运行蓄能电池的至少一个电端子中断。此外,蓄能电池具有放电装置,如果蓄能电池的被设置用于运行蓄能电池的至少一个电端子通过电流中断装置被中断,那么所述放电装置能够实现蓄能电池的完全的或者部分的放电。由此,能够实现蓄能电池的放电以及因此能够实现蓄能电池的安全的输送和安全的存放,然而同时阻止可能由于过量充电损坏的蓄能电池的进一步运行。
出版物DE 10 2012 219 082 A1公开一种用于布置在锂离子电池组的电池组电池中的安全设备,其包括至少一个平面地构造的金属导体、尤其金属印刷电路板或者金属薄膜,其中绝缘层被施加到所述金属导体上,并且所述导体(welche)具有用于与电池组电池的极电连接的极接触部,其中所述导体具有至少一个布置在绝缘层上的加热电阻,所述加热电阻具有第一接触部和第二接触部,其中通过加热电阻的电流可以经由接触部被传导。
发明内容
发明优点
与此相对地,具有独立权利要求的特征性特征的按照本发明的行为方式具有以下优点:电池组系统包括用于触发快速放电单元的具有导电的机械组件的触发单元,其中机械组件借助于电蓄能器的导电的壳体和/或借助于电连接直接地与第二极电连接。由此有利地,电池组系统的电蓄能器可以非常快速地被放电,并且电池组系统被转换到安全的状态中。
其他有利的实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
快速放电单元包括快速放电电路,借助于所述快速放电电路有利地确保电蓄能器的快速放电。进一步地可以通过快速放电电路的适当的设计使快速放电单元匹配于任意的电池组系统。
快速放电电路包括具有功率半导体的放电电路和半桥。由此,电蓄能器可以快速地被放电,并且被转换到安全的状态中。
触发单元的机械组件可以通过作用于机械组件的力、例如在电池组系统中的压力上升可逆地或者不可逆地被变形。通过可逆的变形,在电蓄能器返回到正常的运行状态之后,在快速放电单元的导体和接触部之间的导电连接被分离,由此电蓄能器再次可供电池组系统使用。如果机械组件不可逆地被变形,那么电蓄能器持久地保持与电池组系统分离,由此,电蓄能器的再次投入使用有利地被阻止。
触发单元的机械组件可以不仅被实施为附加的构件,和/或借助于存在的构件、例如过压阀来实现。
用于操控电池组系统的放电电路的快速放电单元的按照本发明的方法为了使电蓄能器放电而将快速放电电路的半桥中的一个功率半导体接通,并且将放电电路的另一功率半导体在激活的运行(aktiven Betrieb)中作为可控的电阻运行。
有利地,按照本发明的电池组系统被使用在具有至少一个电蓄能器的车辆中,由此有效的安全标准可以以相对较小的耗费被遵守。
有利地,电蓄能器是锂离子电池组、锂硫电池组和/或锂空气电池组。由于可能的化学连续反应(Folgeraktionen),尤其在所述类型的电蓄能器的情况下到安全状态中的快速转换是有利的。
附图说明
图1示出按照本发明的电池组系统的第一实施方式;和
图2a示出按照本发明的电池组系统的第二实施方式;和
图2b示出在存在电蓄能器的不正常的运行状态的情况下按照本发明的电池组系统的第二实施方式;和
图3示出快速放电电路的实施方式;和
图4a示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件的第一实施方式;和
图4b示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件的第二实施方式;和
图4c示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件的第三实施方式。
具体实施方式
在所有的图中,相同的附图标记表示相同的设备组件。
图1示出按照本发明的电池组系统10的第一实施方式,所述电池组系统10具有至少一个电蓄能器,所述电蓄能器具有与电蓄能器的第一电极电连接的第一极12;具有与电蓄能器的第二电极电连接的第二极14;具有用于使电蓄能器放电的快速放电单元16,其中所述快速放电单元具有第一端子,所述第一端子例如经由电连接13与第一极电连接,具有第二端子,所述第二端子例如借助于电连接15与第二极电连接;用于触发快速充电单元16的触发单元17;以及电蓄能器的壳体11。
触发单元17可以不仅被实施为附加的构件,或者借助于存在的构件、例如在硬壳式电池(Hard-Case-Zellen)情况下的过压阀来实施,由此有利地节省构件。
图2a示出在电蓄能器的正常的运行状态中按照本发明的电池组系统20的第二实施方式。电蓄能器包括第一极22、例如负极,所述第一极借助于电连接23利用第一端子261与快速放电单元26电连接;以及第二极24、例如电蓄能器的正极,所述第二极借助于电连接28b利用第二端子262与快速放电单元26电连接;与第二极24的电极电连接的第三端子264;以及触发单元27,所述触发单元27包括机械组件29,所述机械组件29是导电的并且经由电蓄能器的导电的壳体21与第二极24电连接。触发单元27的机械组件29可以可逆地或者不可逆地、例如通过作用于机械组件29的力被变形。快速放电单元26包括经由第一接口261与电连接23电连接的导体25和电子快速放电电路263,所述电子快速放电电路263经由第二接口262与电连接28b电连接并且经由第三接口264与电连接28a电连接。
在电蓄能器的正常的运行状态中,在触发单元27的机械组件29与快速放电单元26的导体25之间不存在电连接。
图2b示出在电蓄能器的不正常的运行状态中按照本发明的电池组系统20的第二实施方式。例如当电蓄能器通过太大的充电电流被充电时,存在电蓄能器的不正常的运行状态,这例如导致电蓄能器的壳体21内部中的压力升高。由于压力上升,在超过可预先给定的压力时,触发单元27的机械组件29可逆地或者不可逆地被变形,由此在触发单元27的机械组件29和快速放电单元26的导体25之间形成电连接。通过所述电连接,电流在第二极24和第一极22之间流经导电的壳体21、机械组件29、导体25和线路23。快速放电单元26、快速放电电路263和/或电池组管理系统检测例如经由与导体25的电连接流动的所述电流,接着快速放电电路263经由导体25和电连接23和/或经由在快速放电电路263和第一极22之间的直接的电连接使电蓄能器短路并且放电。
图3示出快速放电电路263的实施方式。如果快速放电单元26的监视和操控单元以电蓄能器的正常的运行为出发点根据第一电压极限值的超过识别到电能量模块的面临的过量充电,那么半桥310的第一功率半导体311被关断,并且第二功率半导体312被接通。因为电压处于最小的和最大的极限值之内,所以即使在面临的过量充电的情况下、例如在电蓄能器充电时误操作的情况下,第一功率半导体311的二极管320也截止。由此,电蓄能器的进一步的充电可以安全地被阻止。
如果快速放电单元26的监视和操控单元以电蓄能器的正常的运行为出发点根据第二电压极限值的超过识别到电蓄能器的面临的过度放电,那么半桥310的第一功率半导体311被关断,并且第二功率半导体312被接通。于是,电流不再流过电蓄能器。在电蓄能器中的可能向外输出的电流仅经由快速放电电路的功率半导体241。
如果快速放电单元26的监视和操控单元以电蓄能器的正常的运行为出发点识别到通过例如由于电蓄能器的外部短路可能出现的太高的放电电流而引起的电蓄能器的面临的过载,那么半桥310的第一功率半导体311被关断,并且第二功率半导体312被接通。于是,电流不再流过电蓄能器。因此,电蓄能器被保护免受具有不允许地高的放电电流的载荷。
如果快速放电单元26的监视和操控单元以正常的运行为出发点识别到例如在非常低的温度下通过太高的充电电流引起的电蓄能器的面临的过载,那么半桥310的第一功率半导体311借助于监视和操控单元被关断,并且第二功率半导体312被接通。于是,电流不再流过电蓄能器。因此,电蓄能器被保护免受具有不允许地高的充电电流的载荷。
如果例如在车辆中由电池组管理系统通知按照本发明的电池组系统的监视和操控单元:车辆有了事故,那么电蓄能器可以经由半桥310被放电。对此,第二功率半导体312被接通,并且第一功率半导体311在所谓的激活的运行中作为可控的电阻被运行。于是,电蓄能器不在其极22、24处输出电压,并且仍然缓慢地被放电。可实现的放电电流通过热损耗功率被限制,所述热损耗功率在持续运行中可以被强加(auferlegen)给作为可控的电阻运行的功率半导体。因此,尤其作为可控的电阻运行的功率半导体311包括其热连接(thermische Anbindung)和冷却在内根据要求被设计。
此外,快速放电单元26包括超快速放电电路(超快速放电设备(Ultra FastDischarge Device),UFDD)270、由功率半导体301和电阻302组成的串联电路。在快速放电单元26中,放电电路300被设置用于借助于流过放电电路270的放电电流使电蓄能器放电。如果由电池组管理系统通知电池组系统的监视和操控单元:车辆有了事故,那么电蓄能器经由放电电路300快速地被放电。
为了辅助放电电路300,电蓄能器也可以同时经由半桥310被放电。为了辅助放电电路300,因此半桥310的第二功率半导体312借助于监视和操控单元被接通。于是在放电期间,电蓄能器不在其极22、23处输出电压。放电电路300可以被设计,使得电蓄能器可以以接近短路的、非常大的放电电流被放电。因此,电蓄能器非常快地被置于安全状态中。在此,第一功率半导体311在激活的运行中也可以以辅助的方式借助于监视和操控单元作为可控的电阻被运行。
图4a示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件49a的第一实施方式。机械组件49a导电地与电蓄能器的壳体41连接。示出的触发单元的机械组件49a可以可逆地或者不可逆地被变形。在示出的实施方式中,机械组件49a被实施为隔膜,其中作为材料使用导电的金属或者金属合金、具有导电的涂层的载体材料和/或导电的塑料。通过机械组件49a的所选择的形状,在电蓄能器内部中的压力上升均匀地作用于所述机械组件。通过机械组件49a的所选择的材料预先给定要超过的力,在所述要超过的力的情况下机械组件49a被变形。
图4b示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件49b的第二实施方式。机械组件49b与电蓄能器的壳体41电连接。通过机械组件49b的所选择的形状,在变形时在机械组件49b和导体之间实现较小的电阻。
图4c示出按照本发明的电池组系统的触发单元的机械组件49c的第三实施方式。通过机械组件49c的所选择的形状,实现在机械组件49c和导体之间的大面积的连接。进一步地,电蓄能器的壳体41的运动被均衡,由此机械组件49c的损坏被阻止。

Claims (7)

1.具有过量充电保护和/或过度放电保护的电池组系统(10、20、30),其包括至少一个电蓄能器,所述电蓄能器具有与电蓄能器的第一电极电连接的第一极(12、22),具有经由快速放电单元(16、26、36)与电蓄能器的第二电极电连接的第二极(14、24),其中用于使电蓄能器放电的所述快速放电单元(16、26、36)具有与第一极电连接的第一端子(261、361),其特征在于,所述电池组系统(10、20、30)包括用于触发快速放电单元(17、27、37)的具有导电的机械组件(29、39、49a、49b、49c)的触发单元(17、27、37),其中所述机械组件(29、39、49a、49b、49c)借助于电蓄能器的导电的壳体(11、21)和/或借助于电连接直接地与第二电极电连接。
2.按照上述权利要求之一所述的电池组系统(10、20),其特征在于,所述快速放电单元(16、26)包括快速放电电路(263)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的电池组系统(10、20),其特征在于,所述快速放电电路(263)包括放电电路(300)和半桥(310)。
4.按照上述权利要求之一所述的电池组系统(10、20),其特征在于,触发单元(17、27、37)的机械组件(29、39、49a、49b、49c)能够可逆地或者不可逆地通过作用于机械组件(29、39、49a、49b、49c)的力被变形。
5.用于操控按照权利要求1至4之一所述的电池组系统(10、20)的快速放电单元(263)的方法,其特征在于,为了使电蓄能器放电,在半桥(310)中,一个功率半导体(311)被接通,并且另一功率半导体(320)在激活的运行中作为可控的电阻被运行。
6.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的电池组系统(10、20)在具有至少一个电蓄能器的车辆中的应用。
7.按照权利要求6所述的电池组系统(10、20)的应用,其中所述电蓄能器是锂离子电池组、锂硫电池组和/或锂空气电池组。
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