CN106470979A - 除草活性的芳基羧酸酰胺 - Google Patents
除草活性的芳基羧酸酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106470979A CN106470979A CN201580036185.4A CN201580036185A CN106470979A CN 106470979 A CN106470979 A CN 106470979A CN 201580036185 A CN201580036185 A CN 201580036185A CN 106470979 A CN106470979 A CN 106470979A
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- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001857 phytoalexin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000885 phytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036435 stunted growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical class OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC VLPFTAMPNXLGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
- C07D257/06—Five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C317/00—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
- C07C317/44—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/713—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with four or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C321/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C321/24—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides, or polysulfides having thio groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C321/28—Sulfides, hydropolysulfides, or polysulfides having thio groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/56—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/14—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D271/04—1,2,3-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,3-oxadiazoles
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- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D271/08—1,2,5-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,5-oxadiazoles
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- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
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- C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D271/10—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
- C07D271/113—1,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, the nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
本发明涉及作为除草剂的通式(I)的苯甲酸酰胺。在式(I)中,X、Z和R表示例如烷基和环烷基的基团。Q表示5元杂环;
Description
本发明涉及除草剂的技术领域,特别涉及用于选择性防治有用植物作物中的阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草(weed grass)的除草剂的技术领域。
WO 2012/028579 A1公开了N-(四唑-5-基)芳基羧酰胺和N-(三唑-5-基)芳基羧酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途。WO 2012/126932 A1公开了N-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)芳基羧酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途。这些文献中记载的活性成分并非总是表现出足以对抗有害植物的活性和/或其中一些与一些重要的作物植物(例如谷物类、玉米和稻)不具有足够的相容性。
本发明的目的是提供替代的除草活性成分。此目的通过下文中所述的本发明的芳基甲酰胺而实现,所述芳基甲酰胺在2位上带有烷基或环烷基基团,在3位上带有硫基,并且在4位上带有环烷基基团。
因此,本发明提供式(I)的芳基甲酰胺或其盐
其中符号和下标各自定义如下:
Q为Q1、Q2、Q3或Q4基团,
X为(C1-C6)-烷基或(C3-C6)-环烷基,
Z为(C3-C6)-环烷基,
R为(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基-O-(C1-C6)-烷基,
RX为甲基、乙基、正丙基、丙-2-烯-1-基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基或甲氧基乙氧基乙基,
RY为甲基、乙基、正丙基、氯或氨基,
RZ为甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基甲基,
n为0、1或2。
在式(I)和下文的所有式中,具有多于两个碳原子的烷基基团可为直链或支链。烷基基团为例如甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基或2-丁基、戊基、己基,如正己基、异己基和1,3-二甲基丁基。类似地,烯基为例如烯丙基、1-甲基丙-2-烯-1-基、2-甲基丙-2-烯-1-基、丁-2-烯-1-基、丁-3-烯-1-基、1-甲基丁-3-烯-1-基和1-甲基丁-2-烯-1-基。炔基为例如炔丙基、丁-2-炔-1-基、丁-3-炔-1-基、1-甲基丁-3-炔-1-基。重键可位于各不饱和基团的任意位置。环烷基为具有三至六个碳原子的饱和碳环体系,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。类似地,环烯基为具有三至六个碳环成员的单环烯基,例如环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基和环己烯基,其中双键可以位于任意位置。
如果一个基团被基团多取代,则这应理解为意指该基团被一个或多个相同或不同地选自所提及的基团所取代。
根据取代基的特性及其连接方式,通式(I)的化合物可以作为立体异构体存在。例如,当存在一个或多个不对称取代的碳原子时,可以存在对映异构体和非对映异构体。当n表示1(亚砜)时,同样也出现立体异构体。立体异构体可以由制备所得的混合物通过常规分离方法例如通过色谱分离方法获得。同样,立体异构体可以使用具有光学活性起始物料和/或助剂,通过立体选择性反应而选择性地制备。本发明还涉及通式(I)所涵盖的但未具体定义的全部立体异构体及其混合物。
式(I)的化合物能够形成盐。通过碱作用于式(I)的化合物可形成盐。合适的碱的实例为有机胺(如三烷基胺、吗啉、哌啶和吡啶),以及铵、碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,特别是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾。这些盐为这样的化合物,其中酸性氢被农业上适合的阳离子替代,例如金属盐,特别是碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,尤其是钠盐和钾盐,或者铵盐、具有有机胺的盐或季铵盐,例如具有式[NRaRbRcRd]+的阳离子的季铵盐,其中Ra至Rd各自独立地为有机基团,特别是烷基、芳基、芳烷基或烷基芳基。同样合适的为烷基锍盐和烷基氧化锍盐,例如(C1-C4)-三烷基锍盐和(C1-C4)-三烷基氧化锍盐。
优选为通式(I)的化合物,其中
Q为Q1、Q2、Q3或Q4基团,
X为甲基、乙基或环丙基,
Z为环丙基或环丁基,
R为甲基、乙基、环丙基、环丙基甲基或甲氧基乙基,
RX为甲基、乙基、正丙基、丙-2-烯-1-基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基或甲氧基乙氧基乙基,
RY为甲基、乙基、正丙基、氯或氨基,
RZ为甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基甲基,
n为0、1或2。
除非有不同定义,在下文所述的所有式中,取代基和符号具如式(I)中所述的相同含义。
本发明中Q为Q1或Q2的化合物以及构成这些酰胺的氨基四唑和氨基三唑可通过例如WO 2012/028579中所述的方法制备。
本发明中Q为Q3的化合物以及构成这些酰胺的氨基呋咱(aminofurazans)可通过例如WO 2011/035874中所述的方法制备。
本发明中Q为Q4的化合物可通过例如WO 2012/126932中所述的方法制备。构成这些酰胺的2-氨基-1,3,4-噁二唑为市售可得的或可通过文献中详述的标准方法合成制得。
构成本发明化合物的苯甲酰氯或相应的苯甲酸可通过例如方案1(例如R基团=甲基)所示的方法制备。为此,将1-溴-3-氟苯的2位进行锂化。然后将碳负离子转化为硫醚。然后,通过氟原子介导的邻位定向锂化并随后羧基化来合成苯甲酸(Matthew D.Morrison等,Organic Letters,2009,第11卷,#5第1051-1054页;Qiuping Wang等,Journal ofMedicinal Chemistry,2007,第50卷,#2第199-210页)。形成噁唑啉基后,可将氟原子亲核取代为烷基或环烷基基团(A.I.Meyers等,Tetrahedron Letters,1978,3,223-226;A.I.Meyers等,Tetrahedron,1994,50(8),2297-2360;T.W.Greene,P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第2版,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1991,S.265及后文;Z.Hell等,Tetrahedron Letters,2002,43,3985-3987)。然后,使噁唑啉分裂得到取代的4-溴-3-甲基硫代苯甲酸,将其以甲酯的形式进行交叉偶联。随着在4位上引入取代基并随后进行酯水解,完成苯甲酸的合成。
方案1
可以将硫醚进一步氧化成相应的亚砜或砜(方案2)。选择性生成亚砜或砜的氧化方法由文献已知。存在多种可能的氧化体系,例如过酸,如间氯过苯甲酸,其任选地原位生成(例如乙酸/过氧化氢/钨酸(VI)钠体系中的过乙酸)(Houben-Weyl,Methoden derOrganischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry],Georg Thieme VerlagStuttgart,第E11卷,第4版扩充增补卷1985,第702页及后文,第718页及后文,第1194页及后文)。
确定合成级联中适于对硫醚进行氧化的点的因素包括取代方式和氧化剂。例如,在游离苯甲酸阶段或在式(I)的酰胺中n=0的阶段进行氧化会是有利的(方案2)。
方案2
改变反应步骤的顺序可能是有利的。例如,带有亚砜的苯甲酸不能直接转化成其酰氯。这里建议在硫醚阶段首先制备n=0的式(I)的酰胺,然后将该硫醚氧化成亚砜。
各反应混合物的后处理通常通过已知方法进行,例如通过结晶、水萃取后处理,通过色谱法或通过这些方法的组合来进行。
在本发明的式(I)的化合物的制备中用作中间体的式(II)的苯甲酸和式(III)的苯甲酰氯为新的化合物,其同样也构成本发明主题的一部分。
可通过上述反应合成式(I)的化合物和/或其盐的集合(collections)也可以通过并行的方式来制备,在此情况下,这可以手动、部分自动或全自动的方式实现。例如,可以使反应的进行、产物和/或中间体的后处理或纯化自动化。总之,这应理解为意指例如D.Tiebes在Combinatorial Chemistry–Synthesis,Analysis,Screening(编辑:GüntherJung),Wiley,1999,第1至34页中所记载的过程。对于反应和后处理的并行进行,可采用多种可市售可得的仪器,例如购自Barnstead International,Dubuque,Iowa 52004-0797,USA的Calypso反应模块,或购自Radleys,Shirehill,Saffron Walden,Essex,CB11 3AZ,England的反应站,或购自PerkinElmer,Waltham,Massa-chusetts 02451,USA的多探针自动化工作站(MultiPROBE Automated Workstation)。对于通式(I)的化合物及其盐或在制备过程中产生的中间体的并行纯化,可用设备包括色谱设备,例如购自ISCO,Inc.,4700Superior Street,Lincoln,NE 68504,USA的色谱设备。
所述设备形成一种模块化过程——其中使各个单独的工作步骤自动化,但是在这些工作步骤之间必须进行手动操作。这可以通过使半集成或全集成的自动化系统——其中各个自动化模块例如由机器人来操作——来避免。这种自动化系统可例如购自Caliper,Hopkinton,MA 01748,USA。
一个或多个合成步骤的实施可通过使用聚合物负载的试剂/清除树脂来支持。专业文献记载了一系列的实验方案,例如在ChemFiles,第4卷,No.1,Polymer-SupportedScavengers and Reagents for Solution-Phase Synthesis(Sigma-Aldrich)中。
除了本文描述的方法之外,通式(I)的化合物及其盐可以完全或部分地通过固相负载法来制备。为此,将所述合成或适合于相应过程的合成中的单独中间体或所有中间体结合至合成树脂上。固相负载合成法详细地记载于技术文献,例如Barry A.Bunin的“TheCombinatorial Index”,Academic Press,1998和Combinatorial Chemistry–Synthesis,Analysis,Screening(编辑:Günther Jung),Wiley,1999中。采用固相负载合成法可以进行多种方案,这些方案已知于文献并且其本身可以手动或以自动化的方式实施。所述反应可以例如借助IRORI技术,在购自Nexus Biosystems,12140 Community Road,Poway,CA92064,USA的微型反应器中进行。
通过使用微波技术,在固相和液相中都可以进行单独的或多个合成步骤。专业文献中记载了一系列实验方案,例如在Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry(编辑:C.O.Kappe和A.Stadler),Wiley,2005中。
通过本文所述方法进行的制备得到以物质集合形式存在的式(I)的化合物及其盐——它们被称为库(library)。本发明还提供包含至少两种式(I)的化合物及其盐的库。
本发明的化合物对广谱的经济上重要的单子叶和双子叶一年生有害植物具有优异的除草功效。所述活性成分还有效地作用于从根茎、根状茎和其他多年生器官发芽并且难以防治的多年生杂草。
因此,本发明还提供用于防治不想要的植物或用于调节植物生长(优选在植物作物中)的方法,其中将一种或多种本发明的化合物施用于植物(例如有害植物,如单子叶或双子叶杂草或不想要的作物植物)、种子(例如谷粒、种子或无性繁殖体如块茎或带芽的嫩枝部位)或植物生长区域(例如栽培区域)。本发明的化合物可以例如在播种前(如合适,还通过掺入土壤中)、出苗前或出苗后施用。可通过本发明的化合物防治的单子叶和双子叶杂草植物群的一些代表性具体实例如下,但并不意图将列举局限于特定的属种。
以下属的单子叶有害植物:山羊草属(Aegilops)、冰草属(Agropyron)、剪股颖属(Agrostis)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、阿披拉草属(Apera)、燕麦属(Avena)、臂形草属(Brachiaria)、雀麦属(Bromus)、蒺藜草属(Cenchrus)、鸭跖草属(Commelina)、狗牙根属(Cynodon)、莎草属(Cyperus)、龙爪茅属(Dactyloctenium)、马唐属(Digitaria)、稗属(Echinochloa)、荸荠属(Eleocharis)、蟋蟀草属(Eleusine)、画眉草属(Eragrostis)、野黍属(Eriochloa)、羊茅属(Festuca)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis)、异蕊花属(Heteranthera)、白茅属(Imperata)、鸭嘴草属(Ischaemum)、千金子属(Leptochloa)、黑麦草属(Lolium)、雨久花属(Monochoria)、黍属(Panicum)、雀稗属(Paspalum)、虉草属(Phalaris)、梯牧草属(Phleum)、早熟禾属(Poa)、筒轴茅属(Rottboellia)、慈姑属(Sagittaria)、藨草属(Scirpus)、狗尾草属(Setaria)和高粱属(Sorghum)。
以下属的双子叶杂草:苘麻属(Abutilon)、苋属(Amaranthus)、豚草属(Ambrosia)、单花葵属(Anoda)、春黄菊属(Anthemis)、蔷薇属(Aphanes)、蒿属(Artemisia)、滨藜属(Atriplex)、雏菊属(Bellis)、鬼针草属(Bidens)、荠属(Capsella)、飞廉属(Carduus)、决明属(Cassia)、矢车菊属(Centaurea)、藜属(Chenopodium)、蓟属(Cirsium)、旋花属(Convolvulus)、曼陀罗属(Datura)、山蚂蝗属(Desmodium)、刺酸模属(Emex)、糖芥属(Erysimum)、大戟属(Euphorbia)、鼬瓣花属(Galeopsis)、牛膝菊属(Galinsoga)、猪殃殃属(Galium)、木槿属(Hibiscus)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、地肤属(Kochia)、野芝麻属(Lamium)、独行菜属(Lepidium)、母草属(Lindernia)、母菊属(Matricaria)、薄荷属(Mentha)、山靛属(Mercurialis)、粟米草属(Mullugo)、勿忘草属(Myosotis)、罂粟属(Papaver)、牵牛属(Pharbitis)、车前属(Plantago)、蓼属(Polygonum)、马齿苋属(Portulaca)、毛茛属(Ranunculus)、萝卜属(Raphanus)、蔊菜属(Rorippa)、节节菜属(Rotala)、酸模属(Rumex)、猪毛菜属(Salsola)、千里光属(Senecio)、田菁属(Sesbania)、黄花棯属(Sida)、白芥属(Sinapis)、茄属(Solanum)、苦苣菜属(Sonchus)、尖瓣花属(Sphenoclea)、繁缕属(Stellaria)、蒲公英属(Taraxacum)、菥蓂属(Thlaspi)、三叶草属(Trifolium)、荨麻属(Urtica)、婆婆纳属(Veronica)、堇菜属(Viola)和苍耳属(Xanthium)。
如果在发芽前将本发明的化合物施用于土壤表面,则杂草幼苗的出苗得到完全阻止,或者杂草生长至其到达子叶期,但随后它们停止生长并在三至四周后最终彻底死亡。
如果在出苗后将所述活性成分施用于植物的绿色部位,则在处理后生长停止,有害植物停留在施用时间点的生长阶段,或者它们在某一时间后彻底死亡,从而非常早地并且以持续性的方式消除由对作物植物有害的杂草引起的竞争。
虽然本发明的化合物对单子叶和双子叶杂草具有出色的除草活性,但其对经济上重要作物的作物植物仅造成可忽略程度的损害(如果有的话),这取决于本发明的具体化合物的结构及其施用率,所述作物植物为例如以下属的双子叶作物:落花生属(Arachis)、甜菜属(Beta)、芸苔属(Brassica)、黄瓜属(Cucumis)、南瓜属(Cucurbita)、向日葵属(Helianthus)、胡萝卜属(Daucus)、大豆属(Glycine)、棉属(Gossypium)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、莴苣属(Lactuca)、亚麻属(Linum)、番茄属(Lycopersicon)、芒属(Miscanthus)、烟草属(Nicotiana)、菜豆属(Phaseolus)、豌豆属(Pisum)、茄属(Solanum)、蚕豆属(Vicia),或以下属的单子叶作物:葱属(Allium)、凤梨属(Ananas)、天门冬属(Asparagus)、燕麦属(Avena)、大麦属(Hordeum)、稻属(Oryza)、黍属(Panicum)、甘蔗属(Saccharum)、黑麦属(Secale)、高粱属(Sorghum)、小黑麦属(Triticale)、小麦属(Triticum)、玉蜀黍属(Zea),特别是玉蜀黍属和小麦属。由于这些原因,本发明的化合物非常适合用于选择性防治植物作物例如农业上有用的植物或观赏植物中不想要的植物的生长。
此外,本发明的化合物(取决于其具体的化学结构和采用的施用率)对作物植物具有出色的生长调节特性。它们通过调节作用干预植物自身的新陈代谢,并因此可以例如通过引发脱水和矮化生长而用于受控地影响植物成分并促进采收。此外,它们还适用于在不杀死植物的情况下一般性地控制和抑制不想要的营养生长。营养生长的抑制对于许多单子叶和双子叶作物起到重要作用,因为例如这可以减少或完全防止倒伏。
所述活性成分凭借其除草性能和植物生长调节特性,还可以用于防治已知或尚待开发的遗传修饰植物作物中的有害植物。通常,转基因植物的特征在于具有特别有利的特性,例如对于某些农药(特别是某些除草剂)的抗性,对植物病害或植物病害的病原体(例如某些昆虫或微生物如真菌、细菌或病毒)的抗性。其他的具体特征涉及例如收获物的数量、质量、存储性、组成和具体成分。例如,已知淀粉含量增加或淀粉质量改变的转基因植物,或在收获物中具有不同脂肪酸组成的那些转基因植物。另外的具体特性可以为对于非生物胁迫因子,例如热、冷、干旱、盐度和紫外线辐射的耐受性和抗性。
优选在有用植物和观赏植物的具有重要经济价值的转基因作物中使用本发明的式(I)的化合物或其盐,所述作物为例如谷物(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、黍、稻、木薯和玉米)或其他作物(甜菜、棉花、大豆、油菜、马铃薯、番茄、豌豆和其他蔬菜)。
优选地,可以将式(I)的化合物作为除草剂用于对除草剂的植物毒性作用具有抗性或已通过重组方法产生抗性的有用植物作物中。
制备与现有植物相比具有改变特性的新植物的常规方法在于,例如,传统的育种方法和产生突变体。或者,可以借助于重组方法来产生具有改变特性的新植物(参见例如EP0221044、EP 0131624)。例如,已有对以下几种情况的记载:
-出于使植物中合成的淀粉改性的目的的作物植物基因修饰(例如WO 92/011376A、WO 92/014827 A、WO 91/019806 A),
-对草铵膦型(参见例如EP 0242236 A、EP 0242246 A)或草甘膦型(WO 92/000377A)或磺酰脲型(EP 0257993 A、US 5,013,659)的特定除草剂或通过“基因堆叠(genestacking)”对这些除草剂的组合或混合物具有抗性的转基因作物植物,例如转基因作物植物如商品名或商业名称为OptimunTM GATTM(草甘膦ALS耐受型)的玉米或大豆,
-能够产生苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)毒素(Bt毒素)的转基因作物植物例如棉花,所述毒素使植物对特定害虫具有抗性(EP 0142924 A、EP 0193259 A),
-具有改进的脂肪酸组成的转基因作物植物(WO 91/013972 A),
-具有新的成分或次级代谢产物(例如新的植物抗毒素,其使得抗病性提高)的基因修饰作物植物(EP 0309862 A、EP 0464461 A),
-光呼吸作用下降的基因修饰植物,其具有更高的产量和更高的胁迫耐受性(EP0305398 A),
-产生药学上或诊断上重要的蛋白质的转基因作物植物(“分子农业医药(molecular pharming)”),
-以更高的产量或更好的质量为特征的转基因作物植物,
-以例如上述新特性的组合(“基因堆叠”)为特征的转基因作物植物。
很多可用于制备具有改变特性的新转基因植物的分子生物技术原则上是已知的;参见例如:I.Potrykus和G.Spangenberg(编辑),Gene Transfer to Plants,Springer LabManual(1995),Springer Verlag Berlin,Heidelberg,或Christou,“Trends in PlantScience”1(1996)423-431)。
对于这些重组操作,可以将可通过DNA序列重组而引起诱变或序列改变的核酸分子引入至质粒中。借助于标准方法,可以例如进行碱基交换、去除部分序列或者加入天然序列或合成序列。为了使DNA片段彼此连接,可以在片段上添加接头(adapter)或连接体;参见例如Sambrook等,1989,Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,第2版,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NY;或Winnacker“Gene und Klone”,VCHWeinheim,第2版,1996。
例如,基因产物活性降低的植物细胞的产生可以通过以下方式实现:表达至少一种相应的反义RNA、正义RNA以实现共抑制效应;或者表达至少一种合理构建的核酶,所述核酶特异性切割上述基因产物的转录物。
为此,首先可以使用包含基因产物的完整编码序列(包括可能存在的任何侧翼序列)的DNA分子,以及仅包含部分编码序列的DNA分子(在该情况下,这些部分必须足够长以在细胞中具有反义效应)。也可以使用与基因产物的编码序列具有高度同源性但又不完全相同的DNA序列。
当在植物中表达核酸分子时,所合成的蛋白质可以定位于植物细胞的任何所期望的区室中。然而,为了实现在特定区室中的定位,可以例如将编码区域与确保定位于特定区室中的DNA序列连接。这些序列是本领域技术人员已知的(参见例如Braun等,EMBO J.11(1992),3219-3227;Wolter等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85(1988),846-850;Sonnewald等,Plant J.1(1991),95-106)。核酸分子也可以在植物细胞的细胞器中表达。
转基因植物细胞可以通过已知技术再生以产生完整的植物。原则上,转基因植物可以是任何所期望的植物物种的植物,即不仅可为单子叶植物也可为双子叶植物。
因此,可以通过过表达、阻遏或抑制同源(=天然)基因或基因序列,或者表达异源(=外源)基因或基因序列而获得特性改变的转基因植物。
优选地,可以将本发明的化合物(I)用于对以下物质具有抗性的转基因作物:生长调节剂,例如2,4-D、麦草畏(dicamba);或者抑制必需植物酶的除草剂,例如乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)、EPSP合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)或羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD);或者选自磺酰脲、草甘膦、草铵膦或苯甲酰基异噁唑及类似活性成分的除草剂;或者这些活性成分任意期望的组合。
特别优选地,可以将本发明的化合物用于对草甘膦和草铵膦、草甘膦和磺酰脲或咪唑啉酮的组合具有抗性的转基因作物植物。非常特别优选地,可以将本发明的化合物用于如下的转基因作物植物:例如商品名或商业名称为OptimunTM GATTM(草甘膦ALS耐受型)的玉米或大豆。
当将本发明的活性成分用于转基因作物时,不仅产生了在其他作物中所观察到的对有害植物的作用,而且在施用于特定的转基因作物时还经常产生特异性作用,例如改变的或特别是增宽的可防治杂草谱、改变的施用时可用的施用率、优选与转基因作物对其具有抗性的除草剂的良好结合性,以及影响转基因作物植物的生长和产量。
因此,本发明还涉及将本发明的式(I)的化合物作为除草剂用于防治转基因作物植物中的有害植物的用途。
本发明的化合物可以常规制剂中的可湿性粉剂、可乳化浓缩剂、可喷雾溶液剂、撒粉产品(dusting product)或颗粒剂的形式来施用。因此,本发明还提供包含本发明化合物的除草和植物生长调节组合物。
根据所需的生物参数和/或物理化学参数,可以多种方式配制本发明的化合物。可能的制剂包括,例如:可湿性粉剂(WP)、水溶性粉剂(SP)、水溶性浓缩剂、可乳化浓缩剂(EC)、乳剂(EW)如水包油乳剂和油包水乳剂、可喷雾溶液剂、悬浮浓缩剂(SC)、油基分散剂或水基分散剂、油混溶性溶液剂、胶囊悬浮剂(CS)、撒粉产品(DP)、拌种剂、用于散播和土壤施用的颗粒剂、微粒形式的颗粒剂(GR)、喷雾颗粒剂、吸收性颗粒剂和吸附性颗粒剂、水分散性颗粒剂(WG)、水溶性颗粒剂(SG)、ULV制剂、微胶囊剂以及蜡剂。
这些制剂类型原则上已知,并且记载于例如如下文献中:Winnacker-Küchler,“Chemische Technologie”, 第7卷, C. Hanser Verlag, Munich,第4版, 1986;Wade vanValkenburg, “Pesticide Formulations”, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1973;K. Martens,“Spray Drying” Handbook, 第3版, 1979,G. Goodwin Ltd. London。
必要的制剂助剂,例如惰性物质、表面活性剂、溶剂和其他添加剂同样是已知的,并且记载于例如如下文献中:Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents andCarriers”, 第2版, Darland Books;Caldwell N.J., H.v. Olphen, “Introduction toClay Colloid Chemistry”, 第2版, J.Wiley & Sons, N.Y.;C. Marsden, “SolventsGuide”, 第2版, Interscience,N.Y., 1963;McCutcheon's “Detergents andEmulsifiers Annual”, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N.J.;Sisley and Wood,“Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents”, Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y., 1964; [Interface-activeEthylene Oxide Adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesell., Stuttgart, 1976; Winnacker-Küchler, “Chemische Technologie”, 第7卷,C. Hanser Verlag Munich,第4版, 1986。
可湿性粉剂为可均匀分散于水中的制剂,并且除活性成分外,其还包含除稀释剂或惰性物质外的离子型和/或非离子型表面活性剂(润湿剂、分散剂),例如聚乙氧基化烷基酚、聚乙氧基化脂肪醇、聚乙氧基化脂肪胺、脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚硫酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、木质素磺酸钠、2,2'-二萘基甲烷-6,6'-二磺酸钠、二丁基萘磺酸钠或油酰基甲基牛磺酸钠。为制备可湿性粉剂,将除草活性成分在例如常规设备例如锤磨机、鼓风磨机和空气喷射磨机中精细研磨,并且同时或随后与制剂助剂混合。
可乳化浓缩剂通过如下过程制备:将活性成分溶解在有机溶剂(例如丁醇、环己酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲苯或相对高沸点的芳族化合物或烃或有机溶剂的混合物)中,并加入一种或多种离子和/或非离子表面活性剂(乳化剂)。可以使用的乳化剂的实例为:烷基芳基磺酸钙,例如十二烷基苯磺酸钙;或者非离子乳化剂,例如脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚、环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷缩合产物、烷基聚醚、失水山梨糖醇酯,如失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,或聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇酯,如聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯。
粉剂(dustable powder)通过将活性成分与精细分散的固体物质一起研磨而得到,所述固体物质为例如滑石、天然粘土(如高岭土、膨润土和叶蜡石)或硅藻土。
悬浮浓缩剂可为水基或油基的。其可例如使用市售的珠磨机并任选地加入例如上文针对其他制剂类型所列出的表面活性剂,通过湿法研磨来制备。
乳剂,例如水包油乳剂(EW),可以例如借助搅拌器、胶体磨机和/或静态混合器,使用水性有机溶剂以及任选地例如上文针对其他制剂类型所列出的表面活性剂来制备。
颗粒剂可以通过将活性成分喷洒于吸附性颗粒状惰性材料上,或通过使用粘合剂(例如聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠或矿物油)将活性成分浓缩剂施用于载体(例如砂、高岭石或颗粒状惰性材料)表面来制备。也可以将合适的活性成分以常规用于制备肥料颗粒的方式——如需要,作为与肥料的混合物——制成颗粒。
水分散性颗粒剂通常通过常规方法制备,所述常规方法为例如喷雾干燥法、流化床制粒法、盘式制粒法、使用高速混合器混合并在无固体惰性材料的情况下挤出。
对于盘式颗粒、流化床颗粒、挤出机颗粒和喷雾颗粒的制备,参见例如“Spray-Drying Handbook”,第3版,1979,G.Goodwin Ltd.,London;J.E.Browing,“Agglomeration”,Chemical and Engineering,1967,第147页及后文;“Perry’s ChemicalEngineer’s Handbook”,第5版,McGraw-Hill,New York 1973,第8-57页中的方法。
关于作物保护组合物制剂的其他细节,参见例如G.C.Klingman,“Weed Controlas a Science”,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,New York,1961,第81-96页和J.D.Freyer,S.A.Evans,“Weed Control Handbook”,第5版,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford,1968,第101-103页。
农用化学品制剂通常含有0.1至99重量%,特别是0.1至95重量%的本发明的化合物。
在可湿性粉剂中,活性成分的浓度为例如约10至90重量%,补足至100重量%的余量由常规制剂组分组成。在可乳化浓缩剂中,活性成分的浓度可以为约1至90重量%,并且优选为5至80重量%。粉末型制剂含有1至30重量%的活性成分,通常优选5至20重量%的活性成分;可喷雾溶液剂含有约0.05至80重量%、优选2至50重量%的活性成分。在水分散性颗粒剂的情况下,活性成分的含量部分地取决于活性化合物是以液体形式还是固体形式存在,以及所使用的制粒助剂、填料等。在水分散性颗粒剂中,活性成分的含量在例如1重量%与95重量%之间,优选在10重量%与80重量%之间。
此外,所提及的活性成分制剂任选地包含各种常规的粘着剂(sticker)、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、渗透剂、防腐剂、抗冻剂和溶剂、填料、载体和染料、消泡剂、蒸发抑制剂以及影响pH和粘度的试剂。
为了进行施用,如合适,将市售形式的制剂以常规方式稀释,例如在可湿性粉剂、可乳化浓缩剂、分散剂和水分散性颗粒剂的情况下,用水稀释。粉末型制剂、用于土壤施用的颗粒剂或用于散播的颗粒剂以及可喷雾溶液剂在施用前通常不使用其他惰性物质进一步稀释。
式(I)的化合物所需的施用率随外部条件,包括温度、湿度以及所用除草剂的类型而改变。其可以在宽的范围内变化,例如0.001至1.0kg/ha或更多的活性物质,但优选在0.005与750g/ha之间。
以下实施例对本发明进行举例说明。
A.化学实施例
4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲基亚磺酰基)-N-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酰胺(实施例编号1-2)
步骤1:1-溴-3-氟-2-(甲硫基)苯的合成
将1028mL正丁基锂在正己烷中的2.5M溶液(2.57mol)溶解在1600mL干燥THF中。在0℃下加入400mL(2.83mol)二异丙胺。将反应混合物在此温度下搅拌15分钟。然后将混合物冷却至-78℃。在该温度下,滴加287mL(2.57mol)1-溴-3-氟苯。将混合物在此温度下搅拌1小时。然后,加入254mL(2.82mol)二甲基二硫醚。随后使反应混合物解冻至室温(RT)。在水处理后,将有机相残余物在0.5毫巴下进行分馏。在87℃下,得到504g所需产物。
步骤2:4-溴-2-氟-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸的合成
在-78℃下,将452mL正丁基锂在正己烷中的2.5M溶液(1.13mol)滴加至176mL(1.24mol)二异丙胺在550mL干燥THF中的溶液中。在此温度下搅拌溶液5分钟,然后在0℃下搅拌15分钟。然后,将溶液冷却至-78℃。随后滴加250g(1.13mol)1-溴-3-氟-2-(甲硫基)苯在150mL干燥THF中的溶液。将溶液在-78℃下搅拌1.5小时。然后,以干冰的形式加入298g(6.78mol)二氧化碳。使反应混合物逐渐解冻至室温。对于后处理,用稀盐酸将混合物酸化至pH=1。然后将产物用乙醚萃取六次。用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤合并的有机相。然后,将产物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液萃取三次。将合并的含水萃取物在pH=9下用乙醚洗涤三次并然后用浓盐酸逐渐酸化至pH=1。将产物用乙醚萃取三次,并用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤合并的有机相。最后,将合并的有机相使用硫酸镁干燥,并除去滤液中的溶剂。将产物在水中重结晶而进一步纯化,得到275g所需产物。
步骤3:4-溴-2-氟-N-(1-羟基-2-甲基丙-2-基)-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酰胺的合成
向含340g(1.28mol)4-溴-2-氟-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸的1000mL干燥二氯甲烷中加入2mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,然后将混合物加热至35℃的温度。在该温度下缓慢滴加271mL(3.20mol)草酰氯。在停止释放气体后,将反应混合物加热回流,直至反应监测显示不再有任何起始物料。随后除去混合物中的溶剂。向残余物中加入600mL甲苯并再次除去混合物中的溶剂。将该酰氯用600mL无水二氯甲烷溶解。在5℃-25℃下,将该溶液滴加入至305mL(3.20mol)2-氨基-2-甲基丙-1-醇和100mL无水二氯甲烷的混合物中。在0℃下将反应混合物搅拌1.5小时,然后在室温下搅拌16小时。对于后处理,过滤混合物并除去滤液中的溶剂。所得残余物为330g产物,其不用进一步纯化而用于下一步骤。
步骤4:2-[4-溴-2-氟-3-(甲硫基)苯基]-4,4-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑的合成
在室温下,向330g(0.98mol)4-溴-2-氟-N-(1-羟基-2-甲基丙-2-基)-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酰胺中加入384mL(5.3mol)亚硫酰氯。在停止释放气体后,将反应混合物在室温下再搅拌1小时。对于后处理,将混合物小心地倒入水中。随后用乙醚萃取混合物。将水相冷却至0℃并用20%的氢氧化钠溶液碱化。然后,将混合物立即并迅速用二氯甲烷萃取。干燥有机相,并除去滤液中的溶剂。将粗产物在二异丙醚中重结晶,并分离出165g所需产物。
步骤5:2-[4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯基]-4,4-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑的合成
在室温下,在保护气体下,向含45g(141mmol)2-[4-溴-2-氟-3-(甲硫基)苯基]-4,4-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑的440mL干燥乙醚中缓慢滴加甲基碘化镁(由12.37g(507mmol)镁和71.24g(501mmol)碘甲烷新制)。确保温度不高于30℃。随后在室温下搅拌混合物,直至反应监测显示不再有任何起始物料。对于后处理,将混合物逐渐倒入冰和稀盐酸的混合物中。随后加入氢氧化钠溶液直至pH为7至8。水相用乙醚萃取两次。干燥合并的有机相,并除去滤液中的溶剂。将残余物在二异丙醚中重结晶,并得到38g所需产物。
步骤6:4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸的合成
向250g(0.8mol)2-[4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯基]-4,4-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑中加入1300mL的6M盐酸。将混合物加热回流24小时。对于后处理,将混合物碱化并用乙醚洗涤两次。用盐酸酸化水相。将产物结晶析出并过滤混合物。得到167g残余物形式的所需产物。
步骤7:4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸甲酯的合成
向含10.1g(38.7mmol)4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸的100mL甲醇中加入5mL浓硫酸。然后将混合物加热回流8小时。将混合物冷却至室温并去除溶剂。将残余物在水中溶解,并在冰浴中冷却。过滤混合物,并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤残余物。将残余物干燥,得到9.82g所需产物。
步骤8:4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸(实施例编号9-1)的合成
在保护气体下,向1.94g(80.0mmol)镁屑中加入5mL干燥四氢呋喃。随后加入总计9.67g(80.0mmol)溴代环丙烷的一小部分并加入催化量的碘以引发Grignard反应。在Grignard反应开始后,缓慢滴加剩余的溴代环丙烷(已预先用145mL干燥四氢呋喃稀释)。然后,为了反应完全,将混合物加热回流15分钟。将内含物冷却至室温,然后加入800mg(18.9mmol)氯化锂。一旦氯化锂溶解,立即将混合物冷却至-20℃。随后缓慢滴加114mL氯化锌在干燥四氢呋喃中的溶液(0.7M;79.8mmol)。在此温度下将混合物再搅拌15分钟。随后将内含物解冻至室温,并在反应烧瓶中进行减压和通入氩气的重复操作以去除氧气。向该混合物中加入10.0g(36.3mmol)4-溴-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸甲酯和2.35g(2.04mmol)四(三苯基膦)钯(0)在200mL干燥四氢呋喃中的溶液(通过如下方法制备:首先将取代的苯甲酸酯溶解,在容器中进行减压和通入氩气的重复操作以去除氧气,然后加入钯催化剂,最后再次进行减压和通入氩气的重复操作以去除氧气)。将反应混合物加热回流3小时,然后冷却至室温。为使反应完全,再次制备一半上述量的Grignard试剂,并使其相应地与氯化锌溶液反应。如上所述地除去氧气后,将该量的偶联试剂加入交叉偶联混合物中。此外,还加入一半上述量的钯催化剂。将反应混合物再次加热回流,直至2小时后不再能检测到起始物料。对于后处理,将内含物冷却至室温并加入500mL饱和氯化铵水溶液。将混合物用乙醚萃取两次。将合并的有机相干燥、过滤并最后除去其中的溶剂,同时还需非常小心以防除去产物。将残余物溶解在100mL甲醇中并加入10mL 20%的氢氧化钠溶液。在室温下搅拌混合物16小时,然后在60℃下搅拌3小时。然后,将反应混合物加热回流,直至反应监测显示不再有任何起始物料。浓缩混合物并将残余物在水中溶解。用二氯甲烷洗涤混合物,并通过硅藻土过滤水相。将滤液用6M的盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取三次。干燥合并的有机相,并使滤液浓缩至约一半体积。用10%的氢氧化钠溶液萃取残余物三次。将混合水相用6M的盐酸酸化并在冰浴中搅拌,使产物沉淀析出。过滤混合物并干燥。得到7.31g所需产物。
步骤9:4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-N-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酰胺(实施例编号1-1)的合成
向含330mg(1.48mmol)4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲酸和191mg(纯度98%;1.89mmol)5-氨基-1-甲基-1H-四唑的10mL吡啶中加入264mg(2.08mmol)草酰氯。在室温下搅拌混合物15分钟,然后在50℃下搅拌2小时。为转化完全,将混合物冷却至室温并再加入四分之一上述量的草酰氯。在50℃下再搅拌混合物2小时。对于后处理,除去混合物中的溶剂。将残余物用二氯甲烷和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液溶解并搅拌。相分离后,除去有机相中的溶剂。将残余物用甲苯溶解并再次浓缩混合物。将残余物使用色谱法纯化,分离出320mg所需产物。
步骤10:4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲基亚磺酰基)-N-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酰胺(实施例编号1-2)的合成
在室温下,向含107mg(0.35mmol)4-环丙基-2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-N-(1-甲基-1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酰胺的10mL冰醋酸中加入34.3mg过氧化氢水溶液(35%;0.35mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌,直至反应监测显示不再有任何起始物料。对于后处理,加入焦亚硫酸钠固体直至不再检测到过氧化物。除去混合物中的溶剂,并将残余物用少量水溶解。加入1M的盐酸后,搅拌混合物10分钟然后过滤。将残余物干燥,得到80.4mg所需产物。
非常特别优选下表中所列的化合物。
所用缩写表示:
Me=甲基 Et=乙基 Pr=丙基 c-Pr=环丙基
表1:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q1,Rx为甲基
表2:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q1,Rx为乙基
表3:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q1,Rx为正丙基
表4:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q2,Rx为甲基
表5:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q3,Ry为甲基
表6:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q3,Ry为氯原子
表7:本发明通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q4,Rz为甲基
表8:本发明以钠盐形式的通式(I)的化合物,其中Q为Q1,Rx为甲基
表9:本发明式(II)的苯甲酸
表10:本发明式(III)的苯甲酰氯
以上表格中列举的众多本发明的式(I)和(II)的化合物的NMR数据采用NMR峰列表法公开如下。此处,所选实施例的1H NMR数据以1H NMR峰列表的形式表述。对于每个信号峰,首先列出以ppm计的δ值,然后在圆括号中列出信号强度。不同信号峰的δ值-信号强度数对由分号彼此分隔列出。因此,对于一个实施例,其峰列表的形式如下:
δ1(强度1);δ2(强度2);……;δi(强度i);……;δn(强度n)
尖锐信号的强度与NMR谱图打印实例中信号的高度(以cm计)相关,并且示出信号强度的真实比例。在宽信号的情况下,可示出若干个峰或中间信号及其相较于谱图中最强信号的相对强度。该1H-NMR峰列表与常规1H-NMR打印输出图类似,因而通常含有常规NMR解释中所列的全部峰。此外,像常规1H-NMR打印输出图一样,其可示出溶剂信号、目标化合物的立体异构体(其同样构成本发明主题的一部分)的信号和/或杂质峰。
当表述溶剂和/或水的δ范围内的化合物信号时,在我们的1H-NMR峰列表中示出了通常的溶剂峰(例如DMSO-D6中的DMSO的峰)和水的峰,其通常具有平均较高的强度。
本发明化合物的立体异构体的峰和/或杂质的峰的强度通常平均低于本发明化合物(例如纯度>90%)的峰的强度。
这些立体异构体和/或杂质可能是特定制备方法所特有的。因此,它们的峰有助于参照“副产物指纹”来确定我们的制备方法的再现性。
通过已知方法(MestreC、ACD模拟,还可使用经验评估的预期值)计算目标化合物的峰的专业人员可以根据需要任选地使用另外的强度滤波器来分离本发明化合物的峰。所述分离与常规1H-NMR解释中所讨论的峰值提取相类似。
式(I)的化合物:
式(II)的化合物:
B.制剂实施例
a)将10重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐和90重量份的作为惰性物质的滑石混合,并将混合物在锤磨机中粉碎,得到撒粉产品。
b)将25重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐、64重量份的作为惰性物质的含高岭土的石英、作为润湿剂和分散剂的10重量份的木质素磺酸钾和1重量份的油酰基甲基牛磺酸钠混合,并将混合物在销盘式研磨机(pinned-disk mill)中研磨,得到易分散于水中的可湿性粉剂。
c)将20重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐与6重量份的烷基酚聚乙二醇醚3重量份的异十三烷醇聚乙二醇醚(8EO)和71重量份的石蜡矿物油(沸程例如约255℃至高于277℃)混合,并将混合物在球磨机中研磨至细度小于5微米,得到易分散于水中的分散浓缩剂。
d)由15重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐、75重量份的作为溶剂的环己酮和10重量份的作为乳化剂的乙氧基化壬基苯酚得到可乳化浓缩剂。
e)水分散性颗粒剂通过以下方式获得:将以下组分混合
75重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐,
10重量份的木质素磺酸钙,
5重量份的月桂基硫酸钠,
3重量份的聚乙烯醇和
7重量份的高岭土,
将混合物在销盘式研磨机中研磨,并将粉末在流化床中通过喷雾施用作为制粒液体的水而制成颗粒。
f)水分散性颗粒剂还通过以下方式获得:在胶体磨机中将以下组分均化并预粉碎
25重量份的式(I)的化合物和/或其盐,
5重量份的2,2'-二萘基甲烷-6,6'-二磺酸钠,
2重量份的油酰基甲基牛磺酸钠,
1重量份的聚乙烯醇,
17重量份的碳酸钙和
50重量份的水,
然后将混合物在珠磨机中研磨,并将所得的悬浮液在喷雾塔中通过单相喷嘴雾化并干燥。
C.生物实施例
此处使用的缩写为:
ABUTH 苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti)
ALOMY 大穗看麦娘(Alopecurus myosuroides)
AMARE 反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)
AVEFA 野燕麦(Avena fatua)
CYPES 水莎草(Cyperus serotinus)
ECHCG 稗草(Echinochloa crus galli)
LOLMU 多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)
MATIN 淡甘菊(Matricaria inodora)
PHBPU 牵牛象草(Pharbitis purpureum)
PHBPU 牵牛象草(Pharbitis purpureum)
POLCO 卷茎蓼(Polygonum convolvulus)
STEME 繁缕(Stellaria media)
VERPE 波斯婆婆纳(Veronica persica)
1.对有害植物的出苗前除草作用
将单子叶和双子叶杂草植物以及作物植物的种子置于木质纤维盆的砂壤土中,并用土壤覆盖。然后,出于比较的目的,将配制为可湿性粉剂(WP)形式或可乳化浓缩剂(EC)的本发明化合物和由现有技术已知的化合物,在添加0.2%的润湿剂的情况下,以水性悬浮液或乳液的形式施用至覆盖土壤的表面,水施用率等于600至800L/ha。处理后,将盆置于温室中,并保持在对于试验植物而言良好的生长条件下。在3周的试验期后,与未处理的对照组相比来目测评估试验植物受到的损害(除草活性以百分比(%)计:100%活性=植物死亡,0%活性=与对照植物相同)。
该实验表明,与由现有技术已知的在结构上最接近的化合物相比,所测试的本发明化合物对众多有害植物具有更高的除草作用,并且对作物植物的损害更低。这些实验的数据列于下表中:
表A
表B
表C
表D
表E
表F
表G
表H
表I
表J
2.对有害植物的出苗后除草作用
将单子叶和双子叶杂草以及作物植物的种子置于木质纤维盆的砂壤土中,用土壤覆盖并在温室中于良好生长条件下培育。播种2至3周后,在单叶期对试验植物进行处理。然后,将配制为可湿性粉剂(WP)形式或可乳化浓缩剂(EC)的本发明的化合物,在添加0.2%的润湿剂的情况下,以水性悬浮液或乳液的形式喷洒至植物的绿色部位上,水施用率等于600至800L/ha。在将试验植物放置在温室中于最佳生长条件下保持约3周后,与未处理的对照组相比来目测评估所述制剂的作用(除草作用以百分比(%)计:100%活性=植物死亡,0%活性=与对照植物相同)。该实验表明,与由现有技术已知的在结构上最接近的化合物相比,所测试的本发明化合物对众多有害植物具有更高的除草作用,并且对作物植物的损害更低。这些实验的数据列于下表中:
表K
表L
Claims (10)
1.式(I)的苯甲酰胺或其盐
其中符号和下标各自定义如下:
Q为Q1、Q2、Q3或Q4基团,
X为(C1-C6)-烷基或(C3-C6)-环烷基,
Z为(C3-C6)-环烷基,
R为(C1-C6)-烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基、(C3-C6)-环烷基-(C1-C6)-烷基、(C1-C6)-烷基-O-(C1-C6)-烷基,
RX为甲基、乙基、正丙基、丙-2-烯-1-基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基或甲氧基乙氧基乙基,
RY为甲基、乙基、正丙基、氯或氨基,
RZ为甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基甲基,
n为0、1或2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯甲酰胺,其中
Q为Q1、Q2、Q3或Q4基团,
X为甲基、乙基或环丙基,
Z为环丙基或环丁基,
R为甲基、乙基、环丙基、环丙基甲基或甲氧基乙基,
RX为甲基、乙基、正丙基、丙-2-烯-1-基、甲氧基乙基、乙氧基乙基或甲氧基乙氧基乙基,
RY为甲基、乙基、正丙基、氯或氨基,
RZ为甲基、乙基、正丙基或甲氧基甲基,
n为0、1或2。
3.除草组合物,其特征在于包含除草活性量的至少一种权利要求1或2所述的式(I)的化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的除草组合物,其以与制剂助剂的混合物的形式存在。
5.一种防治不想要的植物的方法,其特征在于,将有效量的至少一种权利要求1或2所述的式(I)的化合物或权利要求3或4所述的除草组合物施用于植物或不想要的植物生长的位置。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的式(I)的化合物或者根据权利要求3或4所述的除草组合物用于防治不想要的植物的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,将式(I)的化合物用于防治有用植物作物中的不想要的植物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述有用植物为转基因有用植物。
9.式(II)的苯甲酸,
其中X、R、Z和n如权利要求1或2所定义。
10.式(III)的苯甲酰氯,
其中X、R、Z和n如权利要求1或2所定义。
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| CN103282354A (zh) * | 2010-09-01 | 2013-09-04 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | N-(四唑-5-基)-和n-(三唑-5-基)芳基甲酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途 |
| CN103596946A (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2014-02-19 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | N-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)芳基甲酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途 |
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| PL2739611T3 (pl) * | 2011-08-03 | 2015-09-30 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Amidy kwasu N-(tetrazol-5-ilo)- i N-(terazol-5-ilo)arylokarboksylowego i ich zastosowanie jako herbicydy |
| KR20150003784A (ko) * | 2012-05-03 | 2015-01-09 | 바이엘 크롭사이언스 아게 | N-(테트라졸-5-일)- 및 n-(트리아졸-5-일)아릴카복사미드 염 및 제초제로서의 그의 용도 |
| ES2761806T3 (es) * | 2015-03-17 | 2020-05-21 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Sales de amidas de ácido n-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-il) aril carboxílico y su uso como herbicidas |
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| US20110152084A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-06-23 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-(1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzamides and their use as herbicides |
| CN103282354A (zh) * | 2010-09-01 | 2013-09-04 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | N-(四唑-5-基)-和n-(三唑-5-基)芳基甲酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途 |
| CN103596946A (zh) * | 2011-03-22 | 2014-02-19 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | N-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)芳基甲酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途 |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110603250A (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-12-20 | 拜耳作物科学股份公司 | 具有除草作用的4-二氟甲基苯甲酰胺 |
| CN110603250B (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2022-09-30 | 拜耳作物科学股份公司 | 具有除草作用的4-二氟甲基苯甲酰胺 |
| CN112694452A (zh) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-23 | 青岛清原化合物有限公司 | 一种含手性硫氧化物的芳基甲酰胺类化合物或其盐、制备方法、除草组合物和应用 |
| CN114728916A (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-07-08 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司 | 除草化合物 |
| CN114728916B (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2025-03-21 | 先正达农作物保护股份公司 | 除草化合物 |
| CN116964040A (zh) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-10-27 | 拜耳公司 | 手性n-(1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)苯基羧酸酰胺及其作为除草剂的用途 |
| CN116947837A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-27 | 帕潘纳(北京)科技有限公司 | 苯唑草酮中间体及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9988347B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
| UA117876C2 (uk) | 2018-10-10 |
| MX2016017305A (es) | 2017-05-08 |
| EA033898B1 (ru) | 2019-12-06 |
| CA2953423A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
| EP3160945B1 (de) | 2018-01-31 |
| WO2016001073A1 (de) | 2016-01-07 |
| CN106470979B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
| JP2017523235A (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
| BR112016030654A2 (zh) | 2017-08-22 |
| AU2015282753B2 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
| AR100918A1 (es) | 2016-11-09 |
| AU2015282753A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
| HUE038617T2 (hu) | 2018-10-29 |
| US20170158629A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| ES2665847T3 (es) | 2018-04-27 |
| ZA201700691B (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| PL3160945T3 (pl) | 2018-07-31 |
| BR112016030654B1 (pt) | 2022-03-29 |
| EP3160945A1 (de) | 2017-05-03 |
| EA201790098A1 (ru) | 2017-06-30 |
| DK3160945T3 (en) | 2018-05-07 |
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