CN106474057A - 一种奥沙利铂热敏长循环脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种奥沙利铂热敏长循环脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂。长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂是由奥沙利铂、DPPC、DSPE‑PEG2000组成,通过空白脂质体后载药法制备,并且分散于蔗糖水溶液中。通过热敏脂质DPPC的加入,使得该制剂对奥沙利铂的释放具有温度敏感性。该制剂对肿瘤具有显著靶向性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及一种载药脂质体溶液制剂及其制备方法,特别涉及一种载有奥沙利铂的热敏长循环脂质体、制备方法及其蔗糖溶液制剂。
背景技术
奥沙利铂对结直肠癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌及乳腺癌等多种动物或者人体细胞株,尤其是对顺铂和卡铂耐药肿瘤株多有显著的抑制作用,可用于晚期卵巢癌的一线治疗和复治。奥沙利铂对胃肠道、肝、肾以及骨髓毒性较顺铂、卡铂明显减轻,然而仍存在容易分解和神经毒性等缺点。
热敏脂质体(thermosensitive liposomes)是脂质体的一种,它又称温度敏感脂质体,无毒,生物相容性较好,DPPC是一种对温度敏感的脂质,当脂质体被加热到其相变温度以上时,脂质体膜由“胶晶态”转变到液晶结构,通透性增加,使药物大量释放。从而在特定的肿瘤靶点释放出所携带药物,而实现靶向给药。
热敏脂质体在血液中容易被RES系统清除,因此在脂质体中嵌入DSPE-PEG2000使得PEG在脂质体表面形成位阻,并且PEG的极性基团增加了脂质体表面的亲水性,减弱了RES系统对脂质体的识别,延长脂质体在血液中的循环时间,达到被动靶向的抗癌效果。由于奥沙利铂属于水溶性药物,和磷脂膜的亲和力小,使得脂质体发生相变时能迅速释放,适合于作为热敏脂质体的包封药物。
本发明旨在将DPPC与DSPE-PEG相结合,制备长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖制剂,对肿瘤的靶向治疗具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种奥沙利铂药物的热敏感性的长循环脂质载体。本发明使用具有热敏性质的DPPC作为主体,同时以生物相容性高的DSPE-PEG2000修饰在脂质体的外面,奥沙利铂包载在脂质体的亲水腔内。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种奥沙利铂热敏长循环脂质体的蔗糖制剂的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种奥沙利铂热敏长循环脂质体的蔗糖制剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途。
本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂由奥沙利铂、DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000制备成的脂质体,并且分散于蔗糖溶液中,其中奥沙利铂与DPPC的重量比为1∶3~30,DPPC、DSPE-mPEG的重量比为1∶0.07~0.20,蔗糖溶液的浓度为4%-10%,脂质体的粒径为100-250nm,电位为-11~-30mV,较优脂质体的粒径为120-160nm;所述脂质体的电位为-20~-30mV。
一种奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖制剂的制备方法,其特征在于按处方量称取DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000,均匀混合后加入有机溶剂溶解,置旋转蒸发仪上去除有机溶剂成膜,加入蔗糖水溶液水化后,采用探头超声或高速剪切机制备出脂质体,在制备得到的脂质体中加入奥沙利铂粉末,加热下溶解搅拌孵育,放冷后制备得到的奥沙利铂脂质体,透析除去游离奥沙利铂,并经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,其中孵育温度为50-60℃,所述搅拌速度为80-250rpm,保温孵育时间为2-4小时;其中最优加热温度为55℃,最优搅拌速度为110rpm,最优保温孵育时间为3小时。最后通过透析法、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法或超滤离心法将游离奥沙利铂除去。
所述奥沙利铂粉末加入后的浓度为4mg/mL~12mg/mL,且存在于4%~10%的蔗糖溶液中。
本发明的特点
本发明的优点在于选用合适的空白脂质体温育载药法将水溶性的奥沙利铂稳定的包载在脂质体中,且该制剂能够在温度超过42℃时快速完全释放药物,并且在体内呈现出对肿瘤较佳的靶向性。
本发明制备得到的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的粒径为120-160nm,相较逆向蒸发法制备的脂质体粒径较小,Zeta电位为-11mV~-30mV,放置中不易发生聚集或沉淀,体系具有良好的稳定性,并在体内具有明显的被动靶向性。能够长时间的保持在血液中的有效抗癌浓度,防止奥沙利铂在血液中的清除与降解,减少在正常组织中的释放,从而有效的进入癌细胞,在肿瘤部位温度升高时有效释放药物,使得肿瘤部位药物浓度增加,从而发挥抗癌作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明中奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的粒径分布图。
图2为本发明中的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体在37℃和42℃温度下的体外释放曲线。
图3为不同浓度的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体和市售奥沙利铂注射液在RKO细胞中的抑制率。
图4为奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体在荷瘤裸鼠体内不同时间点的组织荧光分布图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(配方一)
DPPC 150mg
DSPE-PEG2000 26.9mg
奥沙利铂 50mg
按处方量称取DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000,均匀混合后加入有机溶剂溶解,置旋转蒸发仪上去除有机溶剂成膜,加入5%的蔗糖水溶液水化后,采用探头超声300W,超声2分钟,制备出空白脂质体,在制备得到的脂质体中加入处方量奥沙利铂粉末,在55℃下溶解搅拌孵育2小时,放冷后制备得到的奥沙利铂脂质体,透析除去游离奥沙利铂,并经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装于西林瓶中。
实施例2:
(配方二)
DPPC 200mg
DSPE-PEG2000 13.92mg
奥沙利铂 30mg
按处方量称取DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000,均匀混合后加入有机溶剂溶解,置旋转蒸发仪上去除有机溶剂成膜,加入9%的蔗糖水溶液水化后,采用探头超声300W,超声5分钟,制备出空白脂质体,在制备得到的脂质体中加入处方量奥沙利铂粉末,在50℃下溶解搅拌孵育3小时,放冷后制备得到的奥沙利铂脂质体,透析除去游离奥沙利铂,并经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装于西林瓶中。
实施例3:
(配方三)
DPPC 240mg
DSPE-PEG2000 18mg
奥沙利铂 8mg
按处方量称取DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000,均匀混合后加入有机溶剂溶解,置旋转蒸发仪上去除有机溶剂成膜,加入9%的蔗糖水溶液水化后,采用探头超声300W,超声5分钟,制备出空白脂质体,在制备得到的脂质体中加入处方量奥沙利铂粉末,在60℃下溶解搅拌孵育4小时,放冷后制备得到的奥沙利铂脂质体,透析除去游离奥沙利铂,并经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,分装于西林瓶中。
实施例4:
奥沙利铂脂质体的粒径分布和电位测定:通过马尔文激光粒度仪测定奥沙利铂脂质体的粒径与Zeta电位。平均粒径150nm,Zeta电位-15mV,粒径分布图见图1。
实施例5:
奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的体外释放评价:取奥沙利铂的温敏性脂质体0.5mL于透析袋(截留分子量=7000Da)内,两端用棉线扎紧,置于25mL比色管内,各加入释放介质(pH6.8)15mL,分别置于37℃和42℃恒温水浴振荡器中,转速为100r/min,分别于0.5h,1h,2h,4h,6h,8h,12h,24h,取释放介质1mL于离心管中,过0.22μm水膜,弃初滤液,取续滤液于进样小瓶,于高效液相色谱仪进样,计算药物释放量,结果见图2。
实施例6:
奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的细胞毒性评价:将RKO结肠癌细胞以5000个/孔接种于96孔板中,孵育24h后,将长循环热敏脂质体在42℃水浴锅中温育1小时后,稀释成不同浓度加入96孔板中,同时以奥沙利铂市售注射液为对照组。取20μL四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT,5mg/mL)加入各孔内,继续孵育4h,弃去孔内液体,加入DMSO 200μL,振摇,使结晶充分溶解,在490nm波长下用酶标仪测定各样品的吸光值(ODsample),同时测定空白组OD值(ODcontrol),并计算抑制率,结果见图3。
实施例7:
奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的体内靶向性评价:制备包载Dir的长循环热敏脂质体,将荷RKO结肠癌裸鼠(体重18~25g/只)随机分配,每组3只,尾静脉注射给药,每只小鼠按照1.5mg/kg的Dir剂量给药。给药后用5%水合氯醛麻醉,分别于1h,2h,4h,6h,8h进行荧光成像拍摄。结果见图4。
Claims (9)
1.一种奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂是由奥沙利铂、DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000制备成的脂质体,并且分散于蔗糖水溶液中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂,其特征在于:
1)所述奥沙利铂与DPPC的重量比为1∶3~30;
2)所述DPPC与DSPE-mPEG的重量比为1∶0.07~0.2;
3)所述蔗糖溶液的浓度为4%-10%;
4)所述脂质体的粒径为100-250nm;
5)所述脂质体的电位为-11~-30mV。
3.根据权利要求1所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂,其特征在于:所述脂质体的粒径为120-200nm。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体的蔗糖溶液制剂,其特征在于:所述脂质体的粒径为120-160nm;所述脂质体的电位为-20~-30mV。
5.一种奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:按处方量称取DPPC、DSPE-PEG2000,均匀混合后加入有机溶剂溶解,置旋转蒸发仪上去除有机溶剂成膜,加入蔗糖水溶液水化后,采用探头超声或高速剪切机制备出脂质体,在制备得到的脂质体中加入奥沙利铂粉末,加热、搅拌溶解,并保温孵育,放冷后除去游离奥沙利铂,并经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
1)所述的奥沙利铂与DPPC的重量比为1∶3~30;
2)所述的DPPC、DSPE-mPEG的重量比为1∶0.07~0.2;
3)所述蔗糖溶液的浓度为4%-10%;
4)所述有机溶剂为三氯甲烷;
5)所述奥沙利铂粉末加入后的浓度为4mg/mL~12mg/mL;
6)所述加热温度为50-60℃;
7)所述搅拌速度为80-250rpm;
8)所述保温孵育时间为2-4小时。
7.根据权利要求6所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热温度为55℃;所述搅拌速度为110rpm;所述保温孵育时间为3小时。
8.根据权利要求5所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂的制备方法,所述除去游离奥沙利铂的方法为透析法、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法或超滤离心法。
9.根据权利要求9所述的奥沙利铂长循环热敏脂质体蔗糖溶液制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述透析法中所使用的透析袋的截留分子量为2000-7000Da。
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