CN1064036C - 含有d,1－酒石酸的造气组合物 - Google Patents
含有d,1－酒石酸的造气组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1064036C CN1064036C CN97102343A CN97102343A CN1064036C CN 1064036 C CN1064036 C CN 1064036C CN 97102343 A CN97102343 A CN 97102343A CN 97102343 A CN97102343 A CN 97102343A CN 1064036 C CN1064036 C CN 1064036C
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- tartrate
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- incendiary material
- tartaric acid
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 at least in part Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N Mesotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021703 Indifference Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/10—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of solids with liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
Abstract
在至少部分使用酒石酸作为燃烧剂的造气组合物中，使用d，l-酒石酸代替天然1-酒石酸对其水法制造工艺进行了改进。
Description
本发明涉及造气组合物，具体涉及含有d，1-酒石酸的造气组合物。
美国专利3，785，149(本发明参考该专利的内容)报导了使用酒石酸作为燃烧剂与氧化剂(如高氯酸钾)一起，作为造气剂用于汽车气袋等的膨胀之用。该专利报导了压缩酒石酸和氧化剂的粉末形成造气组合物。
在造气组合物中酒石酸是理想的燃烧剂，因为它仅含有氢、碳和氧元素，它可用于无氮造气配方(如，美国专利3，785，149报导的酒石酸／高氯酸钾组合物)中。在无氮组合物中，不会形成不良的含氮气体如NOx(特别是NO和NO2)以及NH3，同时，酒石酸具有很高的氧含量，从而可使用较高的燃烧剂与氧化剂的重量比，使得燃烧后单位重量造气剂可产生较大的气体体积。还有，酒石酸价格较廉并易获得。
尽管在美国专利3，785，149中描述了在几种造气组合物中单独使用酒石酸作为唯一的燃烧剂，但是也知道在造气组合物中可同时使用酒石酸和其它燃烧剂。本发明涉及的造气组合物，其中酒石酸约占造气组合物中燃烧剂总重量的至少10％，通常约占至少20％，可占高达100％。
当谈及使用酒石酸作为燃烧剂的造气组合物时，在没有指明其立体化学形态的情况下可以肯定地认为使用的酒石酸形态是1-酒石酸。这是因为作为天然产品的1-酒石酸是最最普通并且价廉的酒石酸形态。1-酒石酸是通过发酵制得，是酿酒时的付产品。从产生烟火的观点看，不管酒石酸的形态是1-、d-还是d，1-，性能并无差异。因此，当造气组合物采用酒石酸作为燃烧剂(参见美国专利3，785，149)时，若未标明其立体化学结构，就认为使用的是1-酒石酸。
水法工艺对一定的造气组合物是可行的，而且具有一些优点。在常用的造气剂水法工艺中，是将几种组分溶解在水中和／或在水中形成淤浆(液体量一般约为10-35重量％)。使淤浆干燥并造粒成小丸或进行挤压。如有必要，可随后将小丸或挤压颗粒压制成片。通常，在压制前化验该造气组合物以确认其组成，如果组分的含量超出了可接受的范围，可再加入一些成分，再次淤浆化并再次处理。
造气组合物水法工艺的例子可参见美国专利4，994，212和5，084，218，它们所报导的内容参考结合于本发明中。
水法工艺降低了在生产烟火造气组合物的过程中过早燃烧的可能性。同时，水法工艺可生产相当紧密的造气材料(尤其当一种或多种造气组分是水溶性时)。在水法处理的造气材料中使用(至少部分使用)水溶性燃烧剂的必要性，其叙述可见例如美国专利5，467，715，其内容参考结合于此。
在含有燃烧剂和氧化剂的造气组合物中(其中至少约10重量％、高达100重量％的燃烧剂是酒石酸)，业已发现，若使用外消旋的或d，1-酒石酸而非天然的1-酒石酸，水法的工艺可获得改进。
本发明披露的造气组合物含有燃烧剂和氧化剂。本发明将披露燃烧剂／氧化剂的许多组合。因此，按燃烧剂加上氧化剂的总重量计，燃烧剂可占约15-60重量％，氧化剂可占约40-85重量％。
按照本发明，燃烧剂至少有一部分是酒石酸，但是本领域中已知的其它燃烧剂，尤其是非叠氮化物燃烧剂(如四唑类、三唑类、dililturic酸盐)以及在专利文献和其它文献中报导的其它燃烧剂也可以与酒石酸一起成为造气组合物的一部分。
本发明组合物也可以用任何一种常规的氧化剂，如碱金属和碱土金属的氯酸盐、高氯酸盐和硝酸盐以及过渡金属氧化物如CuO和Fe2O3，配制而成。
如上所述，当造气材料使用水法工艺时，要求(例如参见美国专利5，467，715)其至少一部分物质(如燃烧剂组分或氧化剂组分)是水溶性的。在20℃天然1-酒石酸在水中的溶解度是139g／100ml，因此特别有利于水法工艺。相反，d，1-酒石酸20℃在水中的溶解度仅为20．60g／ml，看来对水法工艺较为不适合。而且，d，1-酒石酸相对于天然1-酒石酸还有其它缺点(即其产量较少，通常较贵)，从这个观点看，也没有理由认为在造气组合物中可以使用d，1-酒石酸代替1-酒石酸。
但是，申请人发现在水法工艺中，较低溶解度的d，1-酒石酸与高溶解度的1-酒石酸相比，却更具明显的优点。发现溶解度很高的1-酒石酸使得采用该形态的造气组合物很难干燥。另一方面，发现d，1-酒石酸在水中的溶解度已足以进行水法工艺，并且使造气组合物容易干燥。这个优点表现在造气组合物的初始工艺中也表现在对稍微配错的造气组合物进行再次水法处理之中。事实上业已发现，即使需要较多量的水(与使用1-形态时需要的水量相比)处理含d，1-酒石酸物质的造气组合物，该含d、1-形态的组合物也较容易地干燥。因此，能同时节省能源和劳动力成本。
无论d，1-酒石酸是唯一的燃烧剂(参见美国专利3，785，149)，或者酒石酸与其它燃烧剂一起使用(酒石酸至少约占燃烧剂总重量的10％，特别当至少约占燃烧剂总重量的20％时)，都可观察到使用d，1-形态酒石酸的这些优点。
下面将使用一些具体的实施例详细地描述本发明。
实施例1
按照现有工艺，在480g水中制造含1609g高氯酸钾和1114g 1-酒石酸淤浆。在高剪切混合机中混合该淤浆。将淤浆倒入盆中至约1．90cm厚。将其在90℃的真空烘箱中干燥，该温度是根据加速量热法(accelerating rate calorimetry，ARC)进行的热测量确定的最经济的干燥温度。干燥2．75小时后，该混合物用16目的筛子过筛，随后再干燥3小时。
根据本发明，在配方中用d，1-酒石酸代替的1-酒石酸。为形成可混合的淤浆，将用水量增加至900g。然而，总的干燥时间还是减少了1小时。
实施例2
在8．0kg水中制造含26．9kg高氯酸钾和18．6kg 1-酒石酸的淤浆。在一个经改进的喷雾干燥设备中进行干燥该淤浆制造烟火材料的试验，但没有成功。在这个相同的配方中用d，1-酒石酸代替了1-酒石酸。得将水量增至16．4kg才形成了可混合的淤浆。但是，在此喷雾干燥设备中，这种淤浆很容易地处理成了干燥的(含水量低于0．5重量％)、球状颗粒的烟火组合物，产率为80％。
Claims (1)
1．一种形成造气组合物的方法，该方法是先在水中将燃烧剂和氧化剂调成淤浆，所述燃烧剂的至少10重量％是酒石酸，随后对所述淤浆进行干燥除去水分，形成干燥的造气组合物，方法的特征在于所述酒石酸是d，1-酒石酸。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/594,079 US5567905A (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Gas generant compositions containing D 1-tartaric acid |
| US594079 | 1996-01-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1163252A CN1163252A (zh) | 1997-10-29 |
| CN1064036C true CN1064036C (zh) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=24377441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97102343A Expired - Fee Related CN1064036C (zh) | 1996-01-30 | 1997-01-24 | 含有d,1－酒石酸的造气组合物 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5567905A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0787702B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2951612B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100198902B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1064036C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU680174B1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9700758A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2191386C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69702544T2 (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL184649B1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA97110B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050161135A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-07-28 | Williams Graylon K. | Auto-igniting pyrotechnic booster composition |
| US20050235863A1 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2005-10-27 | Stevens Bruce A | Auto igniting pyrotechnic booster |
| FR2870234B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-13 | 2007-02-09 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa | Compostion pyrotechnique dosable utilisee comme fusible thermique dans un generateur de gaz et generateur de gaz incluant un compose ayant ladite composition |
| US8784585B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2014-07-22 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Autoignition compositions |
| US20110057429A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2011-03-10 | Hordos Deborah L | Gas generating system and composition |
| US20070034307A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-15 | Hordos Deborah L | Autoignition/booster composition |
| US20070044675A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Burns Sean P | Autoignition compositions |
| US20070169863A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Hordos Deborah L | Autoignition main gas generant |
| US20100326575A1 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2010-12-30 | Miller Cory G | Synthesis of 2-nitroimino-5-nitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine |
| US7959749B2 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2011-06-14 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Gas generating composition |
| US20070246138A1 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-10-25 | Hordos Deborah L | Gas generant compositions |
| US20080271825A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-11-06 | Halpin Jeffrey W | Gas generant |
| US9162933B1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2015-10-20 | Tk Holding Inc. | Auto-ignition composition |
| US9556078B1 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2017-01-31 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Gas generator |
| US9457761B2 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2016-10-04 | Raytheon Company | Electrically controlled variable force deployment airbag and inflation |
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| US3785149A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1974-01-15 | Specialty Prod Dev Corp | Method for filling a bag with water vapor and carbon dioxide gas |
| EP0659715A2 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-28 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
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| US4099376A (en) * | 1955-06-29 | 1978-07-11 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Gas generator and solid propellant with a silicon-oxygen compound as a burning rate modifier, and method for making the same |
| US3964255A (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1976-06-22 | Specialty Products Development Corporation | Method of inflating an automobile passenger restraint bag |
| US3827715A (en) * | 1972-04-28 | 1974-08-06 | Specialty Prod Dev Corp | Pyrotechnic gas generator with homogenous separator phase |
| US3880595A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1975-04-29 | Hubert G Timmerman | Gas generating compositions and apparatus |
| US3902934A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1975-09-02 | Specialty Products Dev Corp | Gas generating compositions |
| US4152891A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1979-05-08 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Pyrotechnic composition and method of inflating an inflatable automobile safety restraint |
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| US4994212A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1991-02-19 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Process for manufacturing a gas generating material |
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| US5467715A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-21 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
-
1996
- 1996-01-30 US US08/594,079 patent/US5567905A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-27 CA CA002191386A patent/CA2191386C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-28 AU AU74028/96A patent/AU680174B1/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-01-07 ZA ZA97110A patent/ZA97110B/xx unknown
- 1997-01-23 BR BR9700758A patent/BR9700758A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1997-01-24 CN CN97102343A patent/CN1064036C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-27 KR KR1019970002236A patent/KR100198902B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-29 PL PL97318186A patent/PL184649B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-30 DE DE69702544T patent/DE69702544T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-30 EP EP97300622A patent/EP0787702B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-30 JP JP9016544A patent/JP2951612B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3785149A (en) * | 1972-06-08 | 1974-01-15 | Specialty Prod Dev Corp | Method for filling a bag with water vapor and carbon dioxide gas |
| EP0659715A2 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-28 | Morton International, Inc. | Gas generant compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL318186A1 (en) | 1997-08-04 |
| EP0787702B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
| KR100198902B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
| JPH09208358A (ja) | 1997-08-12 |
| DE69702544D1 (de) | 2000-08-24 |
| MX9606271A (es) | 1997-10-31 |
| CA2191386A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| CN1163252A (zh) | 1997-10-29 |
| CA2191386C (en) | 1999-01-19 |
| DE69702544T2 (de) | 2000-11-23 |
| KR970059154A (ko) | 1997-08-12 |
| JP2951612B2 (ja) | 1999-09-20 |
| EP0787702A1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
| US5567905A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
| ZA97110B (en) | 1997-07-16 |
| PL184649B1 (pl) | 2002-11-29 |
| AU680174B1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
| BR9700758A (pt) | 1998-09-01 |
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