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CN106400009B - Special low-crack-sensitivity high-performance Ni-based composite powder for laser cladding - Google Patents

Special low-crack-sensitivity high-performance Ni-based composite powder for laser cladding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106400009B
CN106400009B CN201611153499.5A CN201611153499A CN106400009B CN 106400009 B CN106400009 B CN 106400009B CN 201611153499 A CN201611153499 A CN 201611153499A CN 106400009 B CN106400009 B CN 106400009B
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powder
cladding layer
base composite
composite powder
performance
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CN106400009A (en
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杨勇
李昊真
王玉玲
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Qingdao University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B22F1/0003

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供的一种激光熔覆专用低裂纹敏感性高性能Ni基复合粉末,所用原料及质量百分比如下:Co粉8.0~10.0%、Fe粉8.5~12.0%、Cr粉10.0~13.0%、Si粉2.0~3.5%、WC粉28.0~30.0%,余量Ni粉。一种激光熔覆专用低裂纹敏感性高性能Ni基复合粉末运用Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、WC相互作用形成的固溶强化、细晶强化等机理,使熔覆层具有高硬度和高韧性,具有较低的裂纹敏感性;使用该粉末制备的熔覆层表面硬度高,耐蚀性强,抗高温;采用机械混合法制备,生产工艺简洁,价格优势明显。

The present invention provides a special low-crack sensitivity high-performance Ni-based composite powder for laser cladding. The raw materials and mass percentages used are as follows: Co powder 8.0-10.0%, Fe powder 8.5-12.0%, Cr powder 10.0-13.0%, Si powder 8.0-10.0% Powder 2.0~3.5%, WC powder 28.0~30.0%, balance Ni powder. A special low-crack-susceptibility high-performance Ni-based composite powder for laser cladding uses the mechanism of solid solution strengthening and fine-grain strengthening formed by the interaction of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and WC, so that the cladding layer has high hardness and high toughness. , has low crack sensitivity; the surface hardness of the cladding layer prepared by this powder is high, the corrosion resistance is strong, and the high temperature is resistant; it is prepared by the mechanical mixing method, the production process is simple, and the price advantage is obvious.

Description

A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating
Technical field
The invention belongs to surface peening, quick manufacture and Rebuilding engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of based on Ni Composite powder material towards laser melting and coating process optimization design, the low, table using re-melt deposit welding sensibility made of the material Surface hardness performance is high.
Background technique
During the remanufacturing of component of machine, surface or three-dimensional of the laser melting and coating process to components deleted areas are commonly used Size is restored, and the material for restoring components deleted areas is laser cladding powder powder material.Currently, the laser of practical application Cladding powder is coating material used in hot-spraying technique, can achieve the purpose that repair part, but powder to a certain degree Ingredient is the laser melting and coating process process designed by the technical characterstic for thermal spraying, for rapid heating and cooling and is not suitable for, often Cracked defect, causes cladding to fail.Aiming at the problem that laser cladding layer cracking, have tried to through Optimizing Process Parameters solution Certainly, but result proves that Optimizing Process Parameters can only reduce the probability of happening of crackle in a certain range, and there is no solve from root The generation of crackle.Ni based powders possess good anti-corrosion and wear-resisting property, are the cladding layer materials being widely used, currently used Ni base Self-fusing powder mainly has Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy, but the cladding layer cracking phenomena of the Ni based powders preparation of high rigidity is tight Weight, is unable to satisfy the reparation requirement of the high surface hardness object such as gear, in order to enable Ni based powders to obtain actual industrialization It promotes, needs to make a breakthrough in the dedicated low-crackle sensitive of new pattern laser cladding and powder design aspect both with high rigidity.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical problem existing for prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser The dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of cladding, has both cladding layer high rigidity with low-crackle sensitive.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, raw materials used and mass percent is such as Under: Co powder 8.0~10.0%, Fe powder 8.5~12.0%, Cr powder 10.0~13.0%, Si powder 2.0~3.5%, WC powder 28.0~ 30.0%, surplus Ni powder.
Preferably, raw materials used and mass percent is as follows: Co powder 8.2~8.6%, Fe powder 10~11%, Cr powder 11.0 ~11.5%, Si powder 2.5~3.0%, WC powder 29.0~30.0%, surplus Ni powder.
It is further preferred that from the cladding layer high rigidity being prepared, flawless and with matrix there is preferable combine For power, the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high rigidity Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, raw materials used and mass percent is such as Under: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, Ni 37.1%.
High-performance of the present invention refers to: each raw material has high rigidity and basis material binding force after forming Ni base cladding layer Good feature.
Raw materials used performance characteristics in the present invention:
Cobalt (Co): Co element plays the effect of solution strengthening by dissolving in austenite.The addition of Co also makes cladding layer High temperature corrosion, thermal shock resistance be improved, so that alloy powder is possessed the more extensive scope of application.
Iron (Fe): Fe element can be largely dissolved in austenite, possess stronger solid solution strengthening effect.The addition of Fe powder It will increase the toughness of cladding layer, while the difference between cladding layer material and basis material thermal expansion coefficient can be reduced, facilitate Reduce the crack sensitivity of cladding layer.
Chromium (Cr): Cr element can same Fe, Ni and Co form solid solution, pass through the intensity that solution strengthening promotes cladding layer; Cr can also form passivation layer in clad layer surface simultaneously, be that cladding layer obtains corrosion resisting property and antioxygenic property.In addition to this, volume Outer Cr element can also form chromium carbide, hardness and wearability as a kind of hard phases strengthening cladding layer with C.In addition, Cr is also Possess certain intercrystalline strengthening effect.Cladding layer containing Cr is being finished, and is easier to obtain higher surface when being such as ground Quality.
Silicon (Si): the addition of Si element can expand the solid-liquid phase line humidity province range of powder, the eutectic bulk melting point of generation compared with It is low, so that the fusing point of alloy powder significant decline is occurred, does not need excessively high laser energy when carrying out cladding in this way, can drop The range of the low-heat zone of influence reduces cladding process and damages to matrix bring.The effect of deoxidation and slag making is also taken into account simultaneously, The impurity in cladding layer is eliminated, the cracking source in cladding layer is reduced, makes alloy powder that there is good craftsmanship.
Tungsten carbide (WC): during laser melting coating, WC not fully melts, and W, the C for melting generation expand in molten bath It dissipates, is precipitated in grain boundaries, crystal boundary can be strengthened;W can improve atom bond strength, hinder dislocation movement by slip.Unfused WC can be with Heterogeneous nucleation mass point, thinning microstructure, and the wearability as hardening constituent promotion cladding layer are provided for the solidification of microstructure of surface cladding layer. There are also the functions of reducing thermal expansion coefficient simultaneously.
Nickel (Ni): the skeleton of solid solution is taken on by the Ni element with face-centered cubic lattice in alloy powder.Ni element is One of toughness phase in alloy powder, the addition of Ni can be such that austenite γ phase increases, and linear expansion coefficient reduces, and offset and weaken cladding layer In residual tension, reduce crack sensitivity.Ni and Cr are added with certain proportion, and the two collective effect can make cladding layer material Intensity and impact flexibility with higher.Ni also will increase the wetability between cladding layer material and matrix.
It rationally designs the ingredient of laser cladding of material and proportion can improve the stress state of laser cladding layer and elimination is split Line.The present invention is interacted the solution strengthening to be formed, refined crystalline strengthening mechanism with each element, solves the higher Ni base cladding of hardness Layer the problem of being easy to appear crackle, while the problem of consider production cost.The present invention is based on screen to plurality of raw materials Optimization, obtains the technical effect of the cladding layer flawless of higher hardness, this is unexpected to those skilled in the art Technical effect.
The present invention is played a role jointly between each element so that Ni base cladding layer by carrying out compatibility to plurality of raw materials element Guarantee flawless while with high rigidity.
In the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating in the present invention, each raw material component is one A organic whole, it is indispensable.Inventor has found in R&D process, reduces any one of above-mentioned powder raw material components, Or the raw material components in powder of the present invention are replaced with the raw material with identity function, then the effect of composite powder entirety is imitated Fruit significantly reduces;Other raw material components, the overall effect of composite powder are further added by the basis of composite powder of the invention It does not improve significantly, or even has the case where overall effect of composite powder reduces appearance.
A kind of preparation method of the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, including following step It is rapid:
Powder is mixed using planetary ball mill, weighs each single powder first, in accordance with above-mentioned mass percent, Ball mill mixing time is set as 40~50min, revolving speed is 150~200r/min, carries out mixed powder;Mixed powder, which finishes, is dried place Reason, setting temperature are 100~120 DEG C, 40~60min of drying time;After the completion of drying, it is quick to obtain the dedicated low crackle of laser melting coating Perceptual high-performance Ni base composite powder.
Preferably, the 1/3 of the volume of the volume ball mill material cylinder not more than used of powder is weighed.
Preferably, for the ball mill of different size, most preferably mixed powder revolving speed is found out according to the following formula:
C-constant, m in formula-1, horizontal cylindrical ball mill C=1500;D-mixed-powder average grain diameter, m;R-container Maximum turning radius, m;G-acceleration of gravity, m/s2
Preferably, the temperature that drying process is arranged is 120 DEG C, drying time 60min.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for preparing flawless high-performance Ni base composite cladding layer, including use the Ni base Composite powder carries out the process of laser melting coating, the parameter of the laser melting coating are as follows: laser power is 1000~1200W, scanning speed Degree is 5~8mm/s.
In order to guarantee cladding layer flawless, high rigidity and there is good binding force with matrix, by technological parameter Optimization, the laser power are 1200W, scanning speed 6mm/s.
Heretofore described Ni base composite powder is particularly suitable for adding for optical-fiber laser cladding (950~1100nm of optical maser wavelength) Work technique the experiment has found that the cladding layer that optical-fiber laser cladding enables to composite powder to be formed has low-crackle sensitive, can Effectively avoid the generation of re-melt deposit welding.
Laser melting coating parameter mainly includes laser power (P), spot size (diameter D or area S), laser scanning speed (v) and the overlapping rate of multi-track overlapping or multiple-layer stacked when stopping light between etc..But composite powder of the invention is used, it can be with Laser power and scanning speed in main control technique, reduce the special requirement to other technological parameters, it is more convenient into Row practical operation.
By experimental verification, obtained using Ni base composite powder of the invention and simultaneously according to the above laser melting coating parameter Cladding layer can guarantee its high rigidity and flawless, and hardness can be up to 562HV0.2, and also ensure that contact angle is larger, for Laser melting and coating technique contact angle bigger explanation within the scope of 120~150 ° is better with the binding force of basis material.
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the following beneficial effects:
Cladding layer is prepared with low-crackle sensitive and high rigidity as basic principle, in composite powder of the invention In, Ni element has cladding layer by solution strengthening mechanism with Cr, Fe, Co interaction in dusty material as solid solution skeleton There is higher mechanical property, inhibits the generation and extension of crackle;Ni and Fe act on forming invarable effect, make cladding layer thermal expansion system Number reduces, and reduces with steel matrix difference of thermal expansion coefficient, reduces the probability of crackle sprouting;Cr and Ni interaction promotes material The intensity and impact flexibility of material;Co element promotes the mechanical property and stability of dusty material at high temperature, and powder is prevented to be made Piece surface because local friction generate high temperature due to cause crackle to occur;The part of WC fusing forms W, C and spreads in molten bath, Grain boundaries are precipitated, and strengthen crystal boundary, increase resistance of deformation, and crackle is inhibited to generate, and W element makes to combine more closely resistance between atom The generation for hindering dislocation movement by slip prevents the extension of crackle;Si eliminates the impurity in molten bath, reduces the germinating root of crackle.Using The not cracked defect of cladding layer and hardness with higher that Ni base composite powder of the invention is prepared and good Binding force;Raw material sources are extensive, and powder mixing machine equipment is simple, easy to operate, low in cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the surface topography map for the cladding layer being prepared using the Ni based powders in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the surface topography map for the cladding layer being prepared using alloys in common use powder Ni60A.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
In the following, selecting existing common dusty material to compare with powder of the present invention, to dedicated low to laser melting coating Crack sensitivity high-performance Ni base composite powder is specifically described.
A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating of the present embodiment, raw materials used and matter It is as follows to measure percentage: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, Ni 37.1%.
Using the method for the above-mentioned raw materials component production dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating Are as follows: mixed-powder is added in XQM-1L planetary ball mill material cylinder, the volume ball mill material cylinder not more than used of powder is weighed Volume 1/3, be then placed in the stainless steel ball of 8 pieces of stirrings, set mixing time 50min, drum's speed of rotation 175r/min. It is dried after mixed powder using drying box, setting temperature is 120 DEG C, drying time 60min.After the completion of drying, obtain To the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating.
Choose alloys in common use powder in optical-fiber laser cladding (950~1100nm of optical maser wavelength)
Ni60A (C:0.5~1%, B:3~4.5%, Si:3.5~5.5%, Cr:15~20%, Fe :≤5%, surplus is Ni), comparative example 1~5 uses laser identical with the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating Cladding layer is prepared under the conditions of technological parameter, all data such as the following table 1:
1 performance data of table
By the test data of table 1 it is found that the dedicated low-crackle sensitive high-performance Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating is being kept Cracking breakout is substantially reduced compared to Ni60A powder under conditions of identical good wettability, and reduced rate is up to 8.89%, and cladding layer does not go out Existing cracking phenomena;The macro morphology of cladding layer is uniform, continuous, smooth, and contact angle is bigger within the scope of 120~150 ° to illustrate cladding Layer is better with the wetability and associativity of basis material.The comparison of surface both pattern is as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.
The above result shows that inappropriate raw material, the performance difference of corresponding cladding layer is significant.
Embodiment 2
A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high rigidity Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, raw materials used and mass percent is such as Under: Co powder 10.0%, Fe powder 12.0%, Cr powder 13.0%, Si powder 2.0%, WC powder 30.0%, surplus Ni powder.Preparation method is same Embodiment 1.
When preparing cladding layer, the technological parameter of use are as follows: optical-fiber laser cladding (950~1100nm of optical maser wavelength), laser Power is 1000W, scanning speed 5mm/s.The cladding layer macro morphology being prepared is uniform, continuous, smooth, flawless, firmly Degree is higher than 562HV0.2, contact angle is at 120~150 °.
Embodiment 3
A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high rigidity Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, raw materials used and mass percent is such as Under: Co powder 8.0%, Fe powder 8.5%, Cr powder 10.0%, Si powder 3.5%, WC powder 28.0%, surplus Ni powder.Preparation method is the same as real Apply example 1.
When preparing cladding layer, the technological parameter of use are as follows: optical-fiber laser cladding (950~1100nm of optical maser wavelength), laser Power is 1100W, scanning speed 7mm/s.The cladding layer macro morphology being prepared is uniform, continuous, smooth, flawless, firmly Degree is higher than 562HV0.2, contact angle is at 120~150 °.
Embodiment 4
A kind of dedicated low-crackle sensitive high rigidity Ni base composite powder of laser melting coating, raw materials used and mass percent is such as Under: Co powder 9.0%, Fe powder 11.5%, Cr powder 12.5%, Si powder 2.5%, WC powder 29.0%, surplus Ni powder.Preparation method is the same as real Apply example 1.
When preparing cladding layer, the technological parameter of use are as follows: optical-fiber laser cladding (950~1100nm of optical maser wavelength), laser Power is 1200W, scanning speed 8mm/s.The cladding layer macro morphology being prepared is uniform, continuous, smooth, flawless, firmly Degree is higher than 562HV0.2, contact angle is at 120~150 °.
Comparative example 1
Ni base composite powder formula are as follows: Co 12%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, it is remaining Amount is Ni.The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Optical fiber laser is used to prepare under the conditions of the technological parameter that laser power is 6mm/s for 1200W, scanning speed molten There is severe crack in coating, the cladding layer prepared, and cracking breakout is higher, and hardness is lower, are unable to reach 562HV0.2
Comparative example 2
Ni base composite powder formula are as follows: Co 8.4%, Fe 15%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, surplus For Ni.The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Optical fiber laser is used to prepare under the conditions of the technological parameter that laser power is 6mm/s for 1200W, scanning speed molten There is severe crack although the cladding layer integral hardness prepared is higher in coating, and cracking breakout is higher.
Comparative example 3
Ni base composite powder formula are as follows: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 15%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, surplus For Ni.The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Optical fiber laser is used to prepare under the conditions of the technological parameter that laser power is 6mm/s for 1200W, scanning speed molten Coating, the cladding layer hardness prepared is lower and severe crack occurs, and cracking breakout is higher.
Comparative example 4
Ni base composite powder formula are as follows: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 35%, surplus For Ni.The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Optical fiber laser is used to prepare under the conditions of the technological parameter that laser power is 6mm/s for 1200W, scanning speed molten Coating, with unevenly, cracking breakout is higher for the cladding layer macro morphology out-of-flatness prepared.It can be seen that the tungsten carbide of high level influences The macro morphology of cladding layer, and cladding layer is made to generate certain crackle.
Comparative example 5
Ni base composite powder formula are as follows: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 17.1%, Ni 50%.The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.
Optical fiber laser is used to prepare under the conditions of the technological parameter that laser power is 6mm/s for 1200W, scanning speed molten Coating, though the wetability of the cladding layer prepared and material is preferable, hardness is smaller, is unable to reach 540HV0.2, and cracking breakout It is higher.
The above result shows that inappropriate raw material proportioning content, with the performance of the cladding layer in embodiment 1 (cracking breakout or Hardness and wetability and binding force) significant difference.The performance of cladding layer in comparative example 1~5 is significantly lower than in the present invention Embodiment 1.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method for preparing flawless high-performance Ni base composite cladding layer, characterized in that including using Ni base composite powder Carry out the process of laser melting coating, the parameter of the laser melting coating are as follows: laser power 1200W, scanning speed 6mm/s;
The laser melting coating is optical-fiber laser cladding, and wavelength is 950~1100nm;
Wherein Ni base composite powder, raw materials used and mass percent are as follows: Co 8.4%, Fe 10.5%, Cr 11.2%, Si 2.8%, WC 30.0%, Ni 37.1%;
The Ni base composite powder, preparation method includes the following steps:
Powder is mixed using planetary ball mill, each single powder is weighed first, in accordance with mass percent, sets ball milling Machine mixing time is 40~50min, and revolving speed is 150~200r/min, carries out mixed powder;Mixed powder, which finishes, to be dried, setting Temperature is 100~120 DEG C, 40~60min of drying time;After the completion of drying, it is high to obtain the dedicated low-crackle sensitive of laser melting coating Performance Ni base composite powder;
Weigh the 1/3 of the volume of the volume ball mill material cylinder not more than used of powder;
For the ball mill of different size, most preferably mixed powder revolving speed is found out according to the following formula:
C-constant, m in formula-1, horizontal cylindrical ball mill C=1500;D-mixed-powder average grain diameter, m;R-container is most The big radius of gyration, m;G-acceleration of gravity, m/s2
It is 120 DEG C that the temperature being dried, which is arranged, drying time 60min.
CN201611153499.5A 2016-12-14 2016-12-14 Special low-crack-sensitivity high-performance Ni-based composite powder for laser cladding Expired - Fee Related CN106400009B (en)

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