CN106380805A - 一种pbs/pla导电3d打印耗材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材的制备方法。以多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）为导电填料，聚乳酸（PLA）粉末为基体，聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）粉末为增韧剂，经密炼机混炼后，由双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒制备导电复合材料颗粒，将导电复合材料颗粒再次通过单螺杆或者双螺杆挤出机挤出，即制成不同直径的PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材。本发明方法制备工艺简单，生产成本低，便于推广和应用，且所制得的PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材稳定性好，兼具导电性和良好的力学性能，主要适用于热熔性3D打印，打印使用温度在180~250℃。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于3D打印技术领域，特别涉及一种PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材的制备方法。
背景技术
增材制造主要基于三维CAD模型数据，通过增加材料、逐层制造方式，直接制造出与相应数学模型完全一致的三维物理实体，俗称 “3D打印”。3D打印可以自动、直接、快速、精确地将设计思想转变为具有一定功能的原型或直接制造零件，可制造传统方法难加工（如自由曲面叶片、复杂内流道等）、甚至是无法加工（如内部镂空结构）的零部件等，在电子产品、汽车、航天航空、医疗、军工、地理信息及艺术设计等领域被广泛应用。
3D打印的材料成型方法一般包括粘结剂喷射成型、光敏聚合物固化成型、材料挤出成型（又称熔融沉积制造，FDM）、激光粉末烧结成型、定向能沉积成型等。FDM是3D打印消费市场最常用的打印方法，其设备结构简单，价格低廉，是最为常见的3D打印设备。常用的3D打印成型材料多采用化学聚合物，包括ABS、PLA、PC、PVA、尼龙等。由于化学聚合物的物理特性所限，塑料3D打印件常常无法直接作为机械零件或者功能性器件。
添加纳米导电材料，如超细碳粉、纳米金属粉、碳纳米管（MWNTs)及石墨烯等，在保证3D打印品质不受影响的情况下显著改善热塑性树脂的耐磨性、硬度和热稳定性，同时具备防静电、电磁屏蔽和导电等功能。在国外，美国3D打印技术公司Graphene 3D Lab开发了一种石墨烯/PLA导电耗材，其体积电阻率为1 Ω·cm，直径1.75 mm。美国的Functionalize公司制造了一种碳纳米管/PLA导电耗材，其体积电阻率为0.75 Ω·cm，直径有1.75 mm和3mm两种。America Instrument公司也提供一种导电ABS耗材，直径分为1.75 mm和3 mm两种。国内目前尚未见导电耗材产品。
由于制备导电打印耗材所需纳米导电剂的添加量往往较大，会使材料变脆，延展性变差，从而影响导电3D打印耗材的生产与使用。目前，尚未见能够兼顾复合材料导电特性和力学性能解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材的制备方法。
本发明的思路：以多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）作为导电剂，以聚乳酸（PLA）粉末为基体，聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）粉末为增韧剂，改善塑料基体的韧性，将MWNTs、PLA、PBS按比例混合均匀后，通过单螺杆或者双螺杆挤出机制成不同直径的导电3D打印耗材；在提高3D打印耗材导电性的同时防止树脂变脆，使3D打印耗材兼具导电性和良好的力学性能。
具体步骤为:
(1)将PLA和PBS分别经锤击式粉碎机粉碎成粉状，粉末粒径控制在40~200目，分别制得PLA粉和PBS粉。
(2)按以下重量百分比称取原料， MWNTs为5~15%，步骤(1)制得的PLA粉为60~80%，步骤(1)制得的PBS粉为5~35%，所述原料重量百分比之和为100%，将称取的原料用密炼机在30~100℃下混炼60~120分钟，然后，再放入恒温干燥箱中于60~100℃下干燥4~12 小时，制得复合材料。
(3)将步骤(2)制得的复合材料用双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒，得到直径为1~3.5mm、长度为4~6 mm的复合导电粒料；挤出过程螺杆转速控制在15~30 r/min，温度控制在175~225℃，进料口压力为35~60 MPa，出料口压力为35~60 MPa。
(4)将步骤(3)制得的复合导电粒料用单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机再次进行挤出，挤出的复合物经冷却后由缠绕机收集，通过调整牵引力和牵引速度，将挤出物直径控制在1.75 mm或3.5 mm，即制得PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材。
本发明根据树脂成分变化，适当调整加热温度、双螺杆速度、进/出料口压力等参数，使复合物能够连续均匀挤出。
本发明方法制备工艺简单，生产成本低，便于推广和应用，且所制得的PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材稳定性好，兼具导电性和良好的力学性能，主要适用于热熔性3D打印，打印使用温度在180~250℃。
具体实施方式
实施例:
称取PLA 400 g，用锤击式粉碎机粉碎5 min，用40目筛子进行筛取。
称取PBS 400 g，用锤击式粉碎机粉碎5 min，用40目筛子进行筛取。
称取过筛后的PLA粉160 g，过筛后的PBS粉40 g，MWNTs 22 g，然后将称取的原料用密炼机在80℃下混炼60 min，接着再放入恒温干燥箱中于80℃下干燥6小时，制得复合材料。
干燥后的复合材料加入双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒，得到直径为1~3.5 mm、长度为4~6 mm的复合导电粒料；控制入口段的温度为190℃，出口处的温度为225℃，螺杆转速控制在20 r/min，进料口压力为40~60 MPa，出料口压力为40~55 MPa。
使用单螺杆挤出机，对上述得到的复合导电粒料再次进行挤出，挤出的复合物经冷却后由缠绕机收集，通过调整牵引力和牵引速度将挤出物直径控制在1.75 mm，即制得PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材。
本实施例制得的PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材采用四电极法进行电阻率测量，并进行力学性能的测量，其电阻率为1.45Ω·cm，且仍保持较好柔韧性，力学性能较原料PLA挤出丝无明显变化。
Claims (1)
1.一种PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)将PLA和PBS分别经锤击式粉碎机粉碎成粉状，粉末粒径控制在40~200目，分别制得PLA粉和PBS粉；
(2)按以下重量百分比称取原料，MWNTs为5~15%，步骤(1)制得的PLA粉为60~80%，步骤(1)制得的PBS粉为5~35%，所述原料重量百分比之和为100%，将称取的原料用密炼机在30~100℃下混炼60~120分钟，然后，再放入恒温干燥箱中于60~100℃下干燥4~12 小时，制得复合材料；
(3)将步骤(2)制得的复合材料用双螺杆挤出机共混挤出造粒，得到直径为1~3.5 mm、长度为4~6 mm的复合导电粒料；挤出过程螺杆转速控制在15~30 r/min，温度控制在175~225℃，进料口压力为35~60 MPa，出料口压力为35~60 MPa；
(4)将步骤(3)制得的复合导电粒料用单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机再次进行挤出，挤出的复合物经冷却后由缠绕机收集，通过调整牵引力和牵引速度，将挤出物直径控制在1.75 mm或3.5 mm，即制得PBS/PLA导电3D打印耗材。
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| CN107383801A (zh) * | 2017-08-05 | 2017-11-24 | 广西筑梦三体科技有限公司 | 一种具有阻燃性能的3d打印服装材料 |
| CN109291417A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-01 | 莱芜职业技术学院 | 新型可降解聚乳酸3d打印材料制备方法及应用 |
| CN111319256A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-23 | 常州大学 | 一种3d打印直接制造有机高分子ptc热敏器件的方法 |
| CN115339042A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-15 | 浙江淳迪自动化设备有限公司 | 一种适用于pla片材的加工生产设备及其加工方法 |
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| CN105017734A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-04 | 清华大学 | 一种用于3d打印的聚合物材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN107383801A (zh) * | 2017-08-05 | 2017-11-24 | 广西筑梦三体科技有限公司 | 一种具有阻燃性能的3d打印服装材料 |
| CN109291417A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-01 | 莱芜职业技术学院 | 新型可降解聚乳酸3d打印材料制备方法及应用 |
| CN111319256A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-23 | 常州大学 | 一种3d打印直接制造有机高分子ptc热敏器件的方法 |
| CN115339042A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-15 | 浙江淳迪自动化设备有限公司 | 一种适用于pla片材的加工生产设备及其加工方法 |
| CN115339042B (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-08-02 | 浙江淳迪自动化设备有限公司 | 一种适用于pla片材的加工生产设备及其加工方法 |
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