CN1063532C - Securing ring, device for fitting it and method for fitting it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixing ring basicaly in a circular shape when resting, whhic has a pair of ring ends (11,12) apart from each other, a region having a fixed cross sectional plane and ranging at least 150 DEG over the peripheral face, recessed portions (13,14) opening to the inner periphery side in the regions of the ring ends (11,12). The fixing ring can be simplely fitted. A special device can fit the fixing ring in a very narrow circumstance effectively.

Description

Fixing ring and fixing ring installation equipment and installation method

The invention relates to a fixed ring.

With such a securing ring, for example, a stepped shaft can be secured axially in a bore. Known round wire clamping rings in prior art (for example DE 26 20 142 C3) for this reason. This type of round steel wire clamping ring used for shafts or holes is in a state of radial compression or radial expansion in the installation groove of the shaft or hole, and the corresponding machine can be installed by being inserted or inserted in the axial direction. The parts, by means of the clamping ring, can fix the machine part axially and in position when they are in the radially unloaded state and inserted into the retaining grooves formed on the machine part. In addition, the ends of such round wire clamping rings, bent inwardly when used for shafts or outwardly when used for holes, are bent up to about 10% of the length of the ring so that the ends bear on the bottom of the groove and hold The round wire clamping ring is substantially concentric with respect to its mounting groove.

Known by DE 36 35 020C2 is a collar made of spring steel wire, which has an inwardly angled end. This kind of clip ring is installed in the groove of the stop washer by sliding in the state of elastic stretching, and the end of its angle enters in the axial vacancy on the stop washer. This pre-assembled assembly consisting of a stop washer and snap ring is pushed into the cylindrical housing during assembly, at which point the snap ring is clamped radially to such a To the extent that the collar is completely concealed in the groove of the snap washer during the push-in process. After the axial positioning of this pre-assembled component, the collar radially expands again, so that the collar is partly in the groove of the stop washer and partly in the annular groove of the cylindrical housing, thereby extending the axial direction as intended. to secure the stop washer.

A detachable connection of two housing parts is described in DE 125109182, wherein a ring groove is arranged on the outer circumference of the cylindrical additional section of one housing part, and a ring groove is arranged on the cylindrical hole wall of the other housing part to accommodate the additional section. The ring groove radially connected to the first ring groove. In the two annular grooves there is an oval annular part which, in the disassembled state, has a circular shape and has a diameter between the diameters of the bases of the two annular grooves. In the mounted state, the ring is pressed into an oval shape by two screws offset from each other by 180°, wherein at the outer end of the hole wall there is an enlarged diameter surrounding the additional section with a wide gap. This detachable connection can bear relatively large axial force. However, its production is relatively expensive, since the threads for the two clamping screws have to be machined and the clamping screws have to be screwed into their threads.

If higher requirements are put forward for the bearing capacity of the axial force and convenient assembly, the shaft snap ring punched from the thin plate is used, and the end of the snap ring is made with a hole for inserting the fixture.

Shaft snap rings of this type usually have a cross-section that changes along the circumference of the shaft snap ring. The cross section at the ends is substantially the same size as in the middle. As a result, such snap rings become elliptical in compression. These snap rings cannot therefore be used in very narrow fitting conditions.

In addition, when this type of shaft snap ring must be installed in or removed from a narrow gap between a stepped shaft and a cylindrical hole, there will be problems because the general mounting pliers are easy to slip out of the shaft snap ring hole. difficulty. Again, this is also the case with shaft snap rings made of steel wire with bent ring ends. The shaft snap ring often enters several centimeters deep into the annular gap between the stepped shaft and the cylindrical bore. This makes operation extremely difficult. Preferably, the shaft snap ring snapping into the annular groove engages often so deeply in the annular groove of the hole that the hole for inserting the clamp or the eye formed at the knuckle end is partially covered by the sides of the annular groove. The result is that the shaft snap ring's grippers cannot or hardly grasp the shaft snap ring.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to prepare a retaining ring which can be easily assembled and disassembled.

To this end, a retaining ring is designed which has substantially the shape of a torus when unstressed, having two spaced-apart ring ends; diameter and cross-section; and a notch in each ring end region open towards its inner circumference.

As a result, the clip can be reliably inserted into the notch at the end of the ring, which can extend in the ring surface sufficiently large that the clip can be inserted without difficulty. By having the same cross section along the longer section of the fastening ring, it is effectively prevented that the ring ends sink into the ring groove to such an extent that the clip can no longer be inserted into the groove.

The fastening ring according to the invention has a particularly surprising property that the fastening ring can withstand greater axial forces than similar shaft snap rings.

Another surprising effect of the fastening ring according to the invention is that the fastening ring essentially retains its circular ring shape with a smaller diameter when the two ring ends are retracted.

In a preferred embodiment of the retaining ring, the substantially constant cross-sectional area, which is rectangular, square, circular or oval in cross-section, is symmetrical with respect to the ring end.

In a preferred embodiment of the fastening ring, the region of substantially constant cross-section extends along the circumference of the fastening ring by up to 250°, preferably approximately 202° of the circumference. The fastening ring can thus be assembled and disassembled particularly easily.

In one embodiment of the fastening ring, at both ends of the substantially constant cross-sectional area there is adjoined a recess which is open in the direction of the outer circumference of the fastening ring. In order that the retaining ring can be reliably held in a compressed state, a clamp is used to place the retaining ring in this state later.

In order to be able to hold the retaining ring as reliably and precisely as possible in its then compressed state, it is preferred that each notch which is open towards the outer circumference of the retaining ring comprises an angular region of approximately 5°-30°.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the retaining ring, each notch which is open towards the outer circumference of the retaining ring has a base which is eccentrically offset inwardly relative to the retaining ring periphery, and which has a convex preferably approximately semicircular shape. The eccentricity of the base can be defined in such a way that a circle with a diameter smaller than the periphery of the retaining ring is offset from the center of the periphery by approximately 1% to 10% of the diameter of the periphery of the retainer, preferably in the direction of the region of constant cross section.

In order to avoid hooking or skewing of the retaining ring during assembly, the bottom surface of each notch which is open in the direction of the outer circumference of the retaining ring is adjoined in each case with the sides of the grooves with rounded transition regions.

In order to securely retain the retaining ring in its compressed state, it is preferred that each notch open towards the outer circumference of the retaining ring is deeper on the side adjacent the relevant ring end than on the side remote from the relevant ring end.

Each notch opened toward the outer circumference of the fixing ring accounts for about 10%-60% of the cross section of the fixing ring.

In order that the ring ends can be compressed to the desired degree so that the fixing ring can be easily brought into its installed position, the ring ends are preferably spaced apart from each other by an opening angle of 5-50° when the fixing ring is unstressed.

In order to facilitate disassembly even in narrow environments so that the clamp can be easily inserted, the notch open towards the inner circumference has a convex, preferably substantially semicircular bottom surface, and connects to the bottom surface along the straight side.

In order to exert a large clamping force on the ring end of the fixed ring when it is compressed or folded, the gaps open toward the inner circumference direction each have a centerline deviated from the center of the fixed ring.

In this case, the center line deviating from the center of the fixing ring and the axis of symmetry of the fixing ring preferably form an included angle of about 5°-25°. This allows high clamping forces to be applied and at the same time secure insertion of the clamp or clamp even in confined environments.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a device for mounting the aforementioned retaining ring. The device has a support for a retaining ring, the ring ends of which are at least partially compressed; and two lugs protruding from the support, which are respectively inserted into a groove of the retaining ring which is open towards the outer circumference of the retaining ring.

Therefore, the above-mentioned fixing ring can be conveniently and reliably installed quickly in a narrow environment.

The support is preferably formed by a sleeve whose one end face approximates the circumference of the retaining ring. A projection is provided on this end face.

In one embodiment of the device, the support has at least one indentation with a cross-section that is arcuate or sector-shaped, and a push mechanism is provided at the indentation. With this push mechanism, a fastening ring already on the device can be brought into its assembled final position.

The support preferably has a first push mechanism, which acts on the ring end region of the retaining ring, and a second push mechanism, which is arranged diametrically opposite to the first push mechanism and can in particular cooperate with the first push mechanism. manipulate. Thus, it is possible to assemble easily and quickly even a retaining ring to be installed in a deep hole (possibly also by means of an automatic manipulator having such a device).

In order to install the fixing ring in a ring groove made in the hole or behind a step by means of this device, each pushing mechanism can move between a retracted position and a forward position along the longitudinal direction of the sleeve, in the The pushing mechanism at the retracted position retreats relative to the support, and the pushing mechanism exceeds the protrusion at the forward position.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the device the sleeve is designed to receive a component or assembly to be fastened by means of a fastening ring. Quick and reliable assembly is achieved even with tight tolerances when the sleeve is fitted exactly to the component or assembly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of installing the above-described retaining ring includes the steps of: collapsing the ends of the ring so that the retaining ring has a reduced diameter; maintaining the retaining ring at its reduced diameter; Inserted into a hole, up to a groove or step in the hole; the retaining ring is loosened so its diameter increases again, and the retaining ring is inserted into the groove or rests against the step.

Wherein, the step of closing the ring end is preferably realized by means of gaps opened towards the inner circumference direction, and the step of maintaining the fixing ring is realized by means of gaps opened towards the outer circumference, and a protrusion is inserted in each gap.

Finally, the step of loosening the retaining ring is preferably accomplished by pushing the retaining ring so that the notches are disengaged from the projections.

Further advantageous refinements, developments and features of the invention are explained below with the aid of the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 represents retaining ring with schematic top view;

Fig. 1a represents the part represented by A in Fig. 1 with an enlarged schematic top view;

Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the equipment for installing the retaining ring shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 shows the equipment shown in Fig. 2 with a side view;

Figure 4 is a view from above showing the device shown in Figure 3;

FIG. 5 shows a partial section through a mechanical actuating mechanism in which a component is assembled using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 by means of the retaining ring shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 1 shows a retaining ring according to the invention stamped from cold-drawn spring steel sheet and treated with dry-process zinc phosphate, which has a substantially circular ring shape in the unstressed state. The retaining ring has two ring ends 11, 12 spaced apart from each other and has a substantially constant cross-section along a region B of approximately 202°. This region B is arranged symmetrically with respect to the ring ends 11 , 12 , so that the retaining ring is also symmetrical with respect to a retaining ring axis of symmetry S extending between the ring ends 11 and 12 .

In the region of each ring end 11 , 12 there is provided a recess 13 , 14 which is open towards the inner circumference of the fixing ring. These openings 13, 14 are used to clamp the retaining ring before it is installed. At both ends of the region B, which has a substantially constant cross-section, each adjoins a recess 17 , 18 which is open in the direction of the outer circumference of the retaining ring. These openings 17, 18 comprise an angular area α of approximately 21°. The openings 17 , 18 have bases 21 , 22 offset eccentrically inwardly relative to the outer periphery U of the fastening ring, which have a convex semicircular shape. Side faces 17a, 17b; 18a, 18b with rounded transition regions 17c, 17d; Each notch 17, 18 open towards the outer circumference of the retaining ring is adjacent to that side 17a, 18a of the ring end 11, 12 concerned by offsetting the eccentricity of the bottom surface inwardly along the axis of symmetry S in the direction of area B by a distance E The depth is deeper than the side 17b, 18b away from the relevant ring end 11, 12. The outwardly open gaps 17, 18 reduce the cross-section of the retaining ring to about one-fourth in the area of the sides 17b, 18b away from the relevant ring ends 11, 12, and about a quarter in the area adjacent to the sides 17a, 12 of the relevant ring ends 11, 12. The area where 18a is located is about one-half.

In the unstressed state, the ring ends 11 , 12 are spaced apart from each other by an opening angle b of approximately 30°.

The notches 13, 14, which are open towards the inner circumference, have a semicircular bottom 23, 25, on which parallel side surfaces 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b extending along a straight line adjoin. The notches 13, 14, which are open towards the inner circumference, extend in the cross-section of the retaining ring to such an extent that at the point D where the cross-section of the ring ends 11, 12 is thinnest, the cross-section is reduced by approximately 20% to 40%. %. The inwardly open recesses 13 , 14 are oriented such that their center line M emerges offset from the center of the fastening ring. In this case, the centerlines of the openings 13 , 14 form an angle C of approximately 15° with the axis of symmetry S of the fastening ring.

Figures 2 to 4 show the equipment used to install the above-mentioned retaining ring. The device has a support 30 for a retaining ring (not shown). The support 30 is formed by the end face 30a of a tubular sleeve 32 which has a shape which approximates the shape of the circumference of the retaining ring, that is to say likewise substantially circular. Two projections 33, 34 are provided on the end face 30a, which are shaped such that they can be inserted into recesses open in the direction of the outer circumference of the retaining ring when the ring ends are compressed. The lugs 33 , 34 are made flush at the outside of the tubular sleeve 32 .

Bearing 30 and cylindrical sleeve 32 have two fan-shaped block-shaped indentations 36,37 (seeing Fig. 4) opposite to each other radially, and indentations 36,37 are made perpendicular to a line between two projections 33,34. The axis of symmetry V extending between them.

In each sector-shaped recess 36 , 37 there is provided a push mechanism 38 , 39 whose dimensions are chosen such that they do not protrude beyond the circumcircle of the sleeve 32 . In this case, the first displacement means 39 act on a fastening ring located in the support 30 in the ring end region between the projections 33 , 34 . The second displacement mechanism 38 acts in the closed area of the fastening ring. These two push mechanisms 38,39 can be manipulated together by a (not shown) manipulating device, so that these two push mechanisms 38,39 can be parallel to the longitudinal axis W of the sleeve 32 (see Figure 2) Move between the retracted position and a forward position. In the retracted position, the push mechanism 38, 39 retreats relative to the support 30 and the end surface 30a. In the forward position, the push mechanism 38, 39 exceeds the projections 33, 34 in the axial direction.

The sleeve 32 has a cavity 42 which is designed to fit precisely into a component to be secured by means of a retaining ring.

The method according to the invention for fastening a component or an assembly by means of a fastening ring described above will be described below with reference to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 5 shows a part of a mechanical operating mechanism, such as that described in EP 0403635B1, the remainder of which is not given further attention here. A spring holder 52 of a spring 54 is housed in the cylinder 50, and only a short part of the spring holder 52 and the spring 54 are shown in the figure. The spring 54 acts on a lever 56 which protrudes through the spring holder 52 .

In order to install the spring retainer 52 and its associated components in the cylinder 50, the spring retainer 52 is first preassembled together with other components into an assembly. The fastening ring is closed and placed on the support 30 by means of a pliers, the clips of which are inserted into the recesses at the ring ends of the fastening ring which are open in the direction of the inner circumference. The diameter of the retaining ring is thus reduced, but substantially retains its circular shape. Projections 33, 34 on the end face 30a of the sleeve 32 hold the retaining ring at its reduced diameter. Now, the assembly preassembled together with the spring holder is inserted into the cavity 42 of the sleeve 32 . The tool with the retaining ring and said assembly is inserted into the cylinder 50 until the retaining ring 60 is at the level of the ring groove 62 machined on the inner wall of the cylinder 50 . Then, the two pushing mechanisms 38, 39 are moved from their retracted position to a forward position. In this case, the retaining ring moves away from the support 30 and the outwardly directed grooves of the retaining ring disengage from the lugs 33 , 34 . The retaining ring springs back to its original shape with its enlarged diameter and is inserted into the ring groove 62 . The spring holder 52 is thus fixed in the cylinder 50 without loss. The sleeve 32 is then removed from the cylinder 50 . The assembly process is thus complete.

When dismounting, by means of clamps, its clips are inserted into the notch open towards the inner circumference of the fixing ring, and the fixing ring is folded to reduce its diameter. In this state, the retaining ring can be taken out from the ring groove 62 in the axial direction of the cylinder 50 . The assembly is thus released and can likewise be removed from the cylinder 50 .

Claims (21)

1. A fixed ring, the fixed ring is in the shape of a circular ring when it is not stressed, the fixed ring has two ring ends (11, 12) spaced apart from each other; at each ring end (11, 12) The region has a notch (13, 14) open towards its inner circumference; it is characterized in that it has a substantially constant diameter and cross-section at least along 150° of its circumference. 2. 4. Fastening ring according to claim 1, characterized in that the region (B) of substantially constant cross-section is symmetrical with respect to the ring ends (11, 12). 3. 2. Fastening ring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the region (B) of substantially constant cross-section extends along the circumference of the fastening ring up to 250°, preferably approximately 202°. 4. The fixing ring according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: at both ends of the region (B) with substantially constant cross-section, each adjoins a notch (17) open towards the outer circumference of the fixing ring , 18). 5. According to the described fixing ring of claim 4, it is characterized in that: each notch (17,18) open towards the outer circumference direction of the fixing ring comprises an angular region (α) of about 5 °-30 °, preferably about 21 °. 6. The fixing ring according to claim 4, characterized in that: each notch (17, 18) opened towards the outer circumference of the fixing ring has a bottom surface ( 21, 22), the bottom surface (21, 22) has a convex, preferably substantially semicircular shape. 7. The fixed ring according to claim 4, characterized in that: on the bottom surface (21, 22) of each notch (17, 18) opened towards the outer circumference of the fixed ring, each is connected with a rounded transition zone ( 17c, 17d; 18c, 18d) sides (17a, 17b; 18a, 18b) of openings (17, 18). 8. The fixed ring according to claim 4, characterized in that: each notch (17, 18) open towards the outer circumference of the fixed ring is adjacent to the side (17a, 18a) of the ring end (11, 12) that is farther away than The sides (17b, 18d) in relation to the ring ends (11, 12) are deeper in depth. 9. The fixing ring according to claim 4, characterized in that: each notch (17, 18) opened toward the outer circumference of the fixing ring accounts for about 10-60% of the cross section of the fixing ring. 10. Fastening ring according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the ring ends (11, 12) are spaced apart from each other by an opening angle (b) of 5-50°. 11. According to any one of claims 1 to 2, the retaining ring is characterized in that: the notches (13, 14) open towards the inner circumference direction have a convex, substantially semicircular bottom surface (23, 25), in which Side surfaces (13a, 13b; 14a, 14b) extending along a straight line are connected to the bottom surface. 12. Fastening ring according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the recesses (13, 14) which are open in the direction of the inner circumference each have a center line (M) offset from the center of the fastening ring. 13. The fixed ring according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the center line (M) deviated from the center of the fixed ring forms an angle of about 5°-25° with the axis of symmetry (S) of the fixed ring . 14. A kind of equipment that is used to install according to the described fixed ring of one of all preceding claims, it is characterized in that: there is a support (30) for the fixed ring, the ring end of the fixed ring is at least partly folded; And, there are two Two projections (33, 34) protrude from the support, and they are respectively inserted into the gaps opened toward the outer circumference of the fixing ring. 15. The device for installing a fixed ring according to claim 14, characterized in that: the support (30) is formed by a sleeve (32) approximately in the shape of the circumference of the fixed ring, on one end surface (30a) of the sleeve Protrusions (33, 34) are provided. 16. The device for installing a retaining ring according to claim 14, characterized in that: the support (30) has at least one indentation (36, 37) in which the cross section is arcuate or fan-shaped, and the indentation (36 , 37) place is provided with moving mechanism (38,39). 17. According to claim 14, is used to install the equipment of fixing ring, it is characterized in that: support (30) has a first pushing mechanism (39), and it acts on the ring end zone on the fixing ring, and, preferably There is a second push mechanism (38), which is arranged diametrically opposite to the first push mechanism (39) and can in particular be actuated jointly with the first push mechanism (39). 18. The device for mounting a retaining ring according to claim 14, characterized in that each pushing mechanism (38, 39) can move longitudinally along the sleeve (32) between a retracted position and a forward position , in the retracted position, the pushing mechanism retreats relative to the support (30); in the forward position, the pushing mechanism exceeds the projections (33, 34). 19. Device for mounting fastening rings according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the sleeve (32) is designed for insertion into a component or assembly to be fastened by means of the fastening ring. 20. A method of installing a retaining ring having the features of any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the following steps: a) Collapse the ring ends so that the retaining ring has a reduced diameter; b) keep the retaining ring at its reduced diameter; c) Insert the retaining ring into a hole up to a groove or step in the hole; d) Loosen the retaining ring, so its diameter increases again, and the retaining ring is inserted into the groove or rests against the step, characterized in that, b1) The step b) of holding the fastening ring is carried out by means of recesses which are open in the direction of the outer circumference, into which a projection is inserted in each case. twenty one. Method of mounting a retaining ring having the features of any one or more of claims 1 to 13 according to the preceding claims, characterized in that d1) The step d) of loosening the retaining ring is achieved by pushing the retaining ring so that the notches are disengaged from the lugs.

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