CN106269806A - Harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process for domestic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a harmless environment-friendly treatment process for household garbage, which comprises the following steps: 1. reducing the methane concentration; 2. excavating, sorting and crushing; 3. rolling and screening; 4. winnowing, rolling and screening oversize materials to obtain a first light material, a first heavy material and a first medium material, manually sorting out a first combustible material in the first heavy material, and remaining a first heavy remainder; 5. vibrating, screening and rolling to screen undersize materials, and winnowing the oversize materials of the vibrating screen to obtain a second light material and a second heavy material; 6. magnetically separating iron metal of the first heavy remainder and the second heavy remainder, and separating combustible materials and non-combustible materials from the remainders; 7. magnetically separating iron metal of the first medium material, the first combustible material and the second light material to obtain mixed combustible material; 8. crushing the mixed combustible and the first light material into crushed combustible; 9. combining the combustible material and the broken combustible material to obtain regenerated combustible material; fine soil, incombustibles and iron metal are stored separately. The invention can realize harmless and environment-friendly treatment of the stored household garbage.

Description

Harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process for domestic waste

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a treatment process for stock domestic garbage.

Background technique

As of 2015, China's urbanization has reached 52%, and the urban population has reached 800 million. Calculated on the basis of one kilogram of garbage per person per day, the national urban population produces 292 billion tons of garbage every year, of which 90% are disposed of in landfills , 80% of landfills are simple landfills, and about 200 billion tons of domestic waste are treated by simple landfills every year.

Simple landfill, without anti-seepage measures, the leachate can be directly discharged into the groundwater and surrounding surface water, the leachate contains a variety of toxic substances and carcinogens, and the leachate is biodegraded under natural conditions to meet environmental protection standards , need more than 20 years.

Garbage in simple landfills, also known as stock garbage, is not willing to receive and process waste from incineration plants due to its complex composition, low calorific value, and high humidity. Sanitary landfills are used to deal with daily fresh waste and are unwilling to accept stock waste. The planning, design, construction and management of simple landfills are very irregular. In addition to causing sewage to pollute groundwater and biogas to pollute the air, it is also very easy to cause fires and explosions, barrier lakes, and mudslides during thunderstorm seasons, which are often hidden dangers to the safety of the local community.

At present, there is no good way to deal with the stock of garbage. If there is a bad smell, cover the soil and afforest it; if there is leachate overflow, build a dam to stop it; There are also many companies that recycle and reduce stock waste, which is characterized by only focusing on extracting profitable parts from stock waste, for example, only screening stock waste, separating out plastics, oil refining or gasification, and other The material remains in the landfill because it cannot be processed, and the result is that the pollution of the stock of garbage continues to exist. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process for stock garbage.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process for domestic waste in stock, which can completely remove the stock in simple landfills at the source and properly dispose of the sieved matter in an environmentally friendly manner, remove the source of contamination at the source, and effectively protect environment, reduce environmental pollution, and can be reused.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process for existing domestic waste, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

Step 1, pre-stabilization treatment of domestic waste landfill;

Insert a number of aeration tubes distributed at intervals into the domestic garbage pile, the length of the aeration tubes is 4-5m, and the inner diameter is 5-10cm. The aeration tubes have an external connection part and an insertion part in turn. There is an air inlet on the outer connecting pipe, and there are a number of aeration holes on the insertion pipe, and all the insertion pipes of the aeration pipe are inserted into the domestic garbage pile.

The compressed air is fed through the air inlet of the aeration tube, and the compressed air enters the domestic garbage pile through the aeration tube and the aeration hole for 5 to 8 days of stabilization treatment. The pressure of the compressed air is 600-800kPa, stable During the treatment period, when the methane concentration in the gas in the domestic garbage pile decreases to 2-3%, the stabilization treatment will be stopped.

Step 2, mining and manual sorting;

Excavate and manually sort the domestic garbage piles after the stabilization treatment in step 1, sort out large objects with a volume ≥ 0.3m ³ , and the rest are small objects, and then crush the large objects into volumes ≤ 0.1m ³ crushed objects, mix the crushed objects with small objects to obtain primary sorting objects.

Step 3, roll and sieve;

The primary sorting material in step 2 is transported into the drum sieving machine for rolling sieving. The diameter of the sieve hole of the drum sieving machine is 35-50mm, and the sieving is carried out to obtain the upper material of the rolling sieve and the lower material of the rolling sieve.

Step 4, the first wind sorting;

Carry out the first wind-force sorting to the rolling sub-sieve in step 3, select the first light matter with a smaller specific gravity, the first heavy matter with a larger specific gravity and the one with a specific gravity between the two by wind power The first medium matter; the first combustible matter is manually sorted out from the first heavy matter, and the rest is the first heavy matter.

Step 5, the second wind sorting;

The rolling sieve sieve in step 3 is transported into the vibrating sieving machine for vibrating sieving. The sieve hole diameter of the vibrating sieving machine is 8-15mm, and the sieve is obtained by vibrating sieving. things.

The material on the vibrating sieve is subjected to the second wind separation, and the second light material with a smaller specific gravity and the second heavy material with a larger specific gravity are selected by the wind; the material under the vibrating sieve is fine soil.

Step 6, magnetic separation of heavy objects;

Combine the first heavy residue of step 4 and the second heavy substance of step 5, and carry out magnetic separation of heavy objects, and sort out iron metal by magnetic attraction force, and carry out the third wind power separation for the residue after magnetic separation Sorting combustibles and non-combustibles by wind.

Step 7, the magnetic separation of middle matter;

Combine the first medium matter of step 4, the first combustible matter of step 4 and the second light matter of step 5, and carry out magnetic separation of the middle matter, sort out iron metal by magnetic attraction, and the rest are mixed Combustibles.

Step 8, the combustibles are broken;

Combine the mixed combustibles in step 7 and the first light substance in step 4, and crush them to a diameter of 35-50 mm to obtain crushed combustibles.

Step 9, sorting and storing garbage;

Combine the combustibles in step 6 with the crushed combustibles in step 8, then compress and bundle them in turn to obtain regenerated combustibles and store them; store the fine soil in step 5 separately; store the non-combustibles in step 6 separately; The iron metal in step 6 is stored together with the iron metal in step 7.

The present invention has the following outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress:

1. The present invention performs aeration treatment on the domestic garbage pile, reduces the biogas accumulated in the domestic garbage pile, greatly reduces the smell when excavating and transporting the existing garbage, greatly reduces the possibility of inflammability and explosion, and ensures that the working environment is clean, security status.

2. The present invention adopts the combined configuration of manual sorting, rolling sorting, wind sorting, vibrating sorting and magnetic sorting to sort the stock garbage into combustibles, non-combustibles, fine soil and iron metal, with sorting efficiency The characteristics of high efficiency and short time consumption, coupled with complete and environmentally friendly terminal disposal, enable all the garbage in the stock landfill to be excavated, screened and environmentally friendly for final treatment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of process schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the aeration tube in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the aeration tubes in the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Example

With reference to Fig. 1, the harmless and environmentally friendly treatment process of domestic waste in stock includes the following steps:

Step 1, pre-stabilization treatment of domestic waste landfill;

With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, insert some aeration pipes distributed at intervals in the domestic refuse heap, the length of the aeration pipes is 4.5m, and the inner diameter is 8cm, and the aeration pipes have an external connection part and an insertion pipe successively There is an air inlet on the outer connecting pipe, and there are a number of aeration holes on the insertion pipe, and all the insertion pipes of the aeration pipe are inserted into the domestic garbage pile.

The compressed air is fed through the air inlet of the aeration tube, and the compressed air enters the domestic garbage pile through the aeration tube and the aeration hole for 5 to 8 days of stabilization treatment. The pressure of the compressed air is 600-800kPa, stable During the treatment period, when the methane concentration in the gas in the domestic garbage pile decreases to 2-3%, the stabilization treatment will be stopped.

Step 2, mining and manual sorting;

Excavate and manually sort the domestic garbage piles after the stabilization treatment in step 1, sort out large objects with a volume ≥ 0.3m ³ , and the rest are small objects, and then crush the large objects into volumes ≤ 0.1m ³ crushed objects, mix the crushed objects with small objects to obtain primary sorting objects.

Step 3, roll and sieve;

The primary sorting material in step 2 is transported into the drum sieving machine for rolling sieving. The sieve hole diameter of the drum sieving machine is 40mm, and the sieve is obtained by sieving the upper material of the rolling sieve and the lower material of the rolling sieve.

Step 4, the first wind sorting;

Carry out the first wind-force sorting to the rolling sub-sieve in step 3, select the first light matter with a smaller specific gravity, the first heavy matter with a larger specific gravity and the one with a specific gravity between the two by wind power The first medium matter; the first combustible matter is manually sorted out from the first heavy matter, and the rest is the first heavy matter.

Step 5, the second wind sorting;

The rolling sieve in step 3 is transported into the vibrating sieving machine for vibrating sieving. The sieve hole diameter of the vibrating sieving machine is 10mm, and the vibrating sieving oversize and vibrating sieving undersize are obtained by sieving.

The material on the vibrating sieve is subjected to the second wind separation, and the second light material with a smaller specific gravity and the second heavy material with a larger specific gravity are selected by the wind; the material under the vibrating sieve is fine soil.

Step 6, magnetic separation of heavy objects;

Combine the first heavy residue of step 4 and the second heavy substance of step 5, and carry out magnetic separation of heavy objects, and sort out iron metal by magnetic attraction force, and carry out the third wind power separation for the residue after magnetic separation Sorting combustibles and non-combustibles by wind.

Step 7, the magnetic separation of middle matter;

Combine the first medium matter of step 4, the first combustible matter of step 4 and the second light matter of step 5, and carry out magnetic separation of the middle matter, sort out iron metal by magnetic attraction, and the rest are mixed Combustibles.

Step 8, the combustibles are broken;

Combine the mixed combustibles in step 7 with the first light substance in step 4, and crush them to a diameter of 35 mm to obtain crushed combustibles.

Step 9, sorting and storing garbage;

Combine the combustibles in step 6 with the crushed combustibles in step 8, then compress and bundle them in turn to obtain regenerated combustibles and store them; store the fine soil in step 5 separately; store the non-combustibles in step 6 separately; The iron metal in step 6 is stored together with the iron metal in step 7.

The present invention finally sorts the domestic waste in stock into regenerated combustibles, ferrous metals, incombustibles and fine soil, the content of combustibles in regenerated combustibles, the content of iron in ferrous metals, the content of incombustibles in incombustibles and the content of fine soils. The contents of soil and organic degradation products are both higher than 95%, which has the characteristics of high sorting efficiency and short time-consuming; among them, the regenerated combustibles are reused as fuel, iron and metal are recycled and reused, non-combustibles are reused as building material fillers, fine soil It is used as humus soil for tree planting and other reuse, realizing the harmless and environmentally friendly treatment of stock domestic waste.

Claims (1)

1. the harmless environmental protection of storage house refuse processes technique, it is characterised in that include following steps:

Step 1, the stabilizing treatment in advance of household refuse landfill sites；

In house refuse heap body, insert some aeration tubes spaced apart, a length of the 4 of described aeration tube～5m, interior diameter be 5～10cm, described aeration tube has extension tube attached portion successively and inserts pipe portion, and described extension tube attached portion has air inlet, described slotting Entering and have some solarization air caps in pipe portion, the insertion pipe portion of described aeration tube all inserts in house refuse heap body；

Being passed through compressed air by the air inlet of aeration tube, compressed air is entered in house refuse heap body by aeration tube and solarization air cap Carrying out the stabilizing treatment of 5 to 8 days, described compressed-air actuated pressure is when life rubbish during 600～800kPa, stabilizing treatment When the methane concentration in gas in rubbish heap body is reduced to 2～3%, stop stabilizing treatment；

Step 2, excavates and manual sorting；

Carry out the house refuse heap body after step 1 stabilizing treatment excavating and manual sorting, sort out volume >=0.3m³ Big part thing, remaining for smallclothes thing, then carry out being broken into volume≤0.1m by big part thing³Broken thing, by broken thing with little Part thing is mixed to get and sorts thing for the first time；

Step 3, rolls sub-sieve；

Carrying out rolling sub-sieve in the first sorting thing of step 2 is conveyed into cylinder screen-dividing machine, the sieve diameter of cylinder screen-dividing machine is 35～50mm, sub-sieve obtains rolling sub-sieve oversize and rolling sub-sieve siftage；

Step 4, the first pneumatic separating；

The rolling sub-sieve oversize of step 3 is carried out the first pneumatic separating, goes out, by wind-force selecting crude drugs with winnower, the first lightweight that proportion is less Pledge in the first heavy thing that thing, proportion are bigger and proportion marginal first；From described first heavy thing manually Sorting out the first combustible, remaining is the first heavy residue；

Step 5, the second pneumatic separating；

Carrying out vibrating sub-sieve in the rolling sub-sieve siftage of step 3 is conveyed into vibration screen-dividing machine, the sieve aperture of vibration screen-dividing machine is straight Footpath is 8～15mm, and sub-sieve obtains vibrating sub-sieve oversize and vibration sub-sieve siftage；

Vibration sub-sieve oversize is carried out the second pneumatic separating, goes out, by wind-force selecting crude drugs with winnower, the second lightweight thing and proportion that proportion is less The second bigger heavy thing；Vibration sub-sieve siftage is fine earth；

Step 6, heavy thing magnetic separation；

First heavy residue of step 4 and the second heavy thing of step 5 are merged, and carries out heavy thing magnetic separation, pass through magnetic Suction sub-elects ferrous metal, and after magnetic separation, residue carries out the 3rd pneumatic separating, goes out combustible and non-combustible by pneumatic separating Thing；

Step 7, middle pledge magnetic separation；

Second lightweight thing of pledge, the first combustible of step 4 and step 5 in the first of step 4 is merged, and carries out middle pledge Magnetic separation, sub-elects ferrous metal by magnetic attraction, remaining for mixing combustible；

Step 8, combustible crushes；

The mixing combustible of step 7 is merged with the first lightweight thing of step 4, is crushed to a diameter of 35～50mm, is crushed Combustible；

Step 9, refuse classification is deposited；

The combustible of step 6 is merged with the broken combustible of step 8, is compressed the most successively, ties up, obtain regenerating flammable Thing is also deposited；The fine earth of step 5 is individually deposited；The noncombustibles of step 6 is individually deposited；By ferrous metal and the step of step 6 The ferrous metal of rapid 7 merges to be deposited.