CN106234097A - 水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法，包括以下步骤：种子处理：水稻种子播种前先晒种1‑2天，用16%咪鲜·杀螟丹可湿粉剂10g加35%吡虫啉悬浮剂4g，加水8‑10kg搅匀后，浸种4‑5kg，浸种60小时；营养土准备：选用质地沙壤的菜园熟土，过筛后备用、搓揉造粒、播种、播后管理。本发明具有明显提高了成苗率及秧苗素质，用种量减少，播种出苗相对均匀，减少匀苗用工，降低了因缺苗重播的风险，成本大大降低，由于秧苗素质高，水稻生长表现为早发、分蘖多、易形成理想的群体结构，每亩穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重较为协调，水稻稳定高产，经济效益显著增加的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种子处理技术领域，具体涉及水稻种子通过用营养土造粒后套播于小麦田间，是提高直播水稻的出苗率、齐苗率及秧苗素质，减少鸟害鼠害的新方法。
背景技术
江苏省海安县目前有近18万亩直播稻田，即在小麦灌浆后期，将稻种浸种消毒处理后直接均匀定量撒播在麦田内，水稻与小麦形成一定的共生期，机械收割小麦时留茬20—25cm，麦秆收割粉碎后一半就近均匀散开，一半移出田外堆放。麦田免耕套播水稻的麦稻套作方式是一种简便的轻型栽培新方式，称之为“麦套稻”。
现有的麦套稻生产过程中，水稻种子虽然经过浸种消毒等方式处理，但由于稻种自身重量较轻，不易全部掉落到地面上，有的落在麦秆叶腋中，有的悬挂在杂草中，而且由于种子裸露，易受到虫害、鸟害和鼠害，造成缺苗严重，同时由于田块不够平整，种子吸水不均，难以齐苗，影响到秧苗素质，农民迫切需要找到解决以上难题的好方法。
发明内容
本发明首先所要解决的技术问题是提供一种原料广泛、操作简单、成本低廉，秧苗齐苗期提前2天，秧苗株高下降26.2%，白根增加10.7%，假茎粗增加15.3%，水稻分蘖率提高30.1%，秧苗素质明显提高的水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法，包括以下步骤：
A、种子处理：水稻种子播种前先晒种1-2天，用16%咪鲜·杀螟丹可湿粉剂10g加35%吡虫啉悬浮剂4g，加水8-10kg搅匀后，浸种4-5kg，浸种60小时，药剂浸种可预防水稻恶苗病、干尖线虫病等种子传播病害；
B、营养土准备：选用质地沙壤的菜园熟土，通过3×3毫米的筛孔过筛后备用，质地过沙，难以造粒，质地过粘，影响透气，备足过筛的菜园熟土每亩20公斤、加入普通粉状复混肥250克（氮、磷、钾含量：10—6—5）拌匀备用；
C、搓揉造粒：每亩需稻种4公斤、营养土20公斤左右、拌种剂，洒水适量，水过少难以成团，不易造粒；水过多易结大块，不易播种，以手抓成团，手捻成散为宜，先用少量水将农用硫酸锌和多效唑溶解，然后将稻种与营养土拌匀、再将农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液洒在稻种与营养土中，充分混合拌匀，水量不够适当洒水，用手工或机械搓揉造粒，晾干后备用；田亩较多的种植户可按10亩地为一组合，配好种子、营养土、农用硫酸锌和多效唑的用量一起拌种，然后分10份下地播种；
D、播种：麦套稻共生期为10—15天，播稻种量为每亩4kg，拌营养土洒农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液搓揉后28—30公斤，要求按亩按畦称种，力求播种均匀，播后立即沟灌窨水促齐苗；
E、播后管理：小麦收后灌一次跑马水，然后干干湿湿，保持湿润，及时追施苗肥、分蘖肥，采取少吃多餐的方法，促进秧苗早发生长，及时防治病虫草害。
本发明的进一步改进在于：步骤B中所述的粉状复混肥为氮、磷和钾的混合物，将含氮20％的硫酸铵50公斤加含磷15％过磷酸钙40公斤加含钾50％的硫酸钾10公斤，搅拌均匀后分装为250克一袋用于1亩水稻田。
本发明的进一步改进在于：所述拌种剂由含95％的农用硫酸锌4克加15％多效唑1克制成。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
形成相对稳定的出苗环境，明显提高了成苗率及秧苗素质，用种量减少，播种出苗相对均匀，减少匀苗用工，降低了因缺苗重播的风险，成本大大降低，由于秧苗素质高，水稻生长表现为早发、分蘖多、易形成理想的群体结构，每亩穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重较为协调，水稻稳定高产，经济效益显著增加。
具体实施方式
一种水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法的具体实施方式，包括以下步骤：
A、种子处理：水稻种子播种前先晒种1-2天，用16%咪鲜·杀螟丹可湿粉剂10g加35%吡虫啉悬浮剂4g，加水8-10kg搅匀后，浸种4-5kg，浸种60小时，药剂浸种可预防水稻恶苗病、干尖线虫病等种子传播病害。
B、营养土准备：选用质地沙壤的菜园熟土，通过3×3毫米的筛孔过筛后备用，质地过沙，难以造粒，质地过粘，影响透气。备足过筛的菜园熟土每亩20公斤、加入普通粉状复混肥250克（氮、磷、钾含量：10—6—5）拌匀备用；粉状复混肥为氮、磷和钾的混合物，将含氮20％的硫酸铵50公斤加含磷15％过磷酸钙40公斤加含钾50％的硫酸钾10公斤，搅拌均匀后分装为250克一袋用于1亩水稻田；
C、搓揉造粒：每亩需稻种4公斤、营养土20公斤左右、农用硫酸锌4克、15%多效唑1克，洒水适量，水过少难以成团，不易造粒；水过多易结大块，不易播种，以手抓成团，手捻成散为宜，先用少量水将农用硫酸锌和多效唑溶解，然后将稻种与营养土拌匀、再将农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液洒在稻种与营养土中，充分混合拌匀，水量不够适当洒水，用手工或机械搓揉造粒，晾干后备用。田亩较多的种植户可按10亩地为一组合，配好种子、营养土、农用硫酸锌和多效唑的用量一起拌种，然后分10份下地播种。
D、适时适量播种：麦套稻共生期以10—15天为宜，播稻种量为每亩4kg，拌营养土洒农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液搓揉后约28—30公斤。要求按亩按畦称种，力求播种均匀，播后立即沟灌窨水促齐苗。
E、播后管理：小麦收后灌一次跑马水，然后干干湿湿，保持湿润，及时追施苗肥、分蘖肥，采取少吃多餐的方法，促进秧苗早发生长，及时防治病虫草害。
水稻种子营养土造粒套播的优势：水稻种子营养土造粒以后形成相对稳定的出苗环境，明显提高了成苗率及秧苗素质，用种量减少，播种出苗相对均匀，减少匀苗用工，降低了因缺苗重播的风险，成本大大降低，由于秧苗素质高，水稻生长表现为早发、分蘖多、易形成理想的群体结构，每亩穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重较为协调，水稻稳定高产，经济效益显著增加。亩增效194.7元，亩省本178.5元。
（1）原有麦套稻技术播种的稻田，要么苗数过多，要么出苗不齐不匀，高产理想结构难以形成，一般产量偏低；推广水稻种子营养土造粒后套播的稻田，稻谷产量相对高而稳。以海安县城东镇韩洋村为例，2015年我们按自然排序随机抽取6个组进行水稻产量统计，原有麦套稻单产平均558公斤/亩，而造粒后套播的稻田，稻谷单产平均达632.89公斤/亩，产量增幅达13.4%，每亩增收194.7元（详见附表）。
附表：麦套稻水稻种子不同处理方式产量调查表
（2）原有麦套稻技术每亩用稻种6.5kg，实施水稻种子营养土造粒套播技术后，每亩用稻种4kg，每亩节约用稻种2.5kg，以每公斤8.6元计算，每亩节约用种成本21.5元。
（3）原有麦套稻技术出苗不齐，需匀苗用工，实施水稻种子营养土造粒套播技术后一播全苗，苗齐苗壮，每亩节约匀苗用工2个，每个工按80元/天计算，每亩节约用工成本160元。
推广过程中，农技部门可配合农资生产部门生产水稻种子营养土造粒用的小肥料和拌种剂。粉状复混肥（氮、磷、钾含量：10—6—5）生产配方是：含氮20％的硫酸铵50公斤加含磷15％过磷酸钙40公斤加含钾50％的硫酸钾10公斤，搅拌均匀后分装为250克一代用于1亩水稻田，卖2元一代。拌种剂生产配方是：含95％的农用硫酸锌4克加15％多效唑1克，分装为5克一代用于1亩水稻田，分装为50克一代用于10亩水稻田，这样方便推广使用。
推广水稻种子营养土造粒套播技术后，每亩水稻生产将增收节本373.2元。如果种植的麦套稻18万亩都采用水稻种子营养土造粒套播技术，全县将增收节本6717.6万元。
这种方式彻底简化了传统的水稻育秧、耕耙整地后灌水栽秧的复杂用工程序，减少了繁杂的田间栽秧、抛秧的劳作，减轻了农民的劳动强度，节省了机耕费，缓解了夏收、夏种争时、争劳力的矛盾，愈来愈为广大农户所接收。
本申请具有原料广泛、操作简单、成本低廉等特点，本发明是通过水稻种子营养土造粒后套播于麦田里，促进一播全苗，苗齐苗壮，解决了原来麦套稻中出现的出苗不全、出苗不齐及秧苗瘦弱的问题；水稻种子营养土造粒播种后，秧苗齐苗期提前2天，秧苗株高下降26.2%，白根增加10.7%，假茎粗增加15.3%，水稻分蘖率提高30.1%，秧苗素质明显提高。
Claims (3)
1.一种水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
A、种子处理：水稻种子播种前先晒种1-2天，用16%咪鲜·杀螟丹可湿粉剂10g加35%吡虫啉悬浮剂4g，加水8-10kg搅匀后，浸种4-5kg，浸种60小时；
B、营养土准备：选用质地沙壤的菜园熟土，通过3×3毫米的筛孔过筛后备用，备足过筛的菜园熟土每亩20公斤、加入粉状复混肥250克拌匀备用；
C、搓揉造粒：每亩需稻种4公斤、营养土20公斤左右、拌种剂，并洒水适量，以手抓成团，手捻成散为宜，先用少量水将农用硫酸锌和多效唑溶解，然后将稻种与营养土拌匀、再将农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液洒在稻种与营养土中，充分混合拌匀，水量不够适当洒水，用手工或机械搓揉造粒，晾干后备用；
D、播种：麦套稻共生期为10—15天，播稻种量为每亩4kg，拌营养土洒农用硫酸锌和多效唑的水溶液搓揉后28—30公斤，要求按亩按畦称种，力求播种均匀，播后立即沟灌窨水促齐苗；
E、播后管理：小麦收后灌一次跑马水，然后干干湿湿，保持湿润，及时追施苗肥、分蘖肥，促进秧苗早发生长，及时防治病虫草害。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法，其特征在于：步骤B中所述的粉状复混肥为氮、磷和钾的混合物，将含氮20％的硫酸铵50公斤加含磷15％过磷酸钙40公斤加含钾50％的硫酸钾10公斤，搅拌均匀后分装为250克一袋用于1亩水稻田。
3.根据权利要求1所述的的水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法，其特征在于：所述拌种剂由含95％的农用硫酸锌4克加15％多效唑1克制成。
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