CN1061240A - The detergent composition that contains the Babassuamidopropylamine that anion surfactant, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and a kind of strictness filter out - Google Patents

Abstract

式中R¹是H，C₁-C₄烃基，2-羟乙基，2-羟丙基或 它们的混合物，R²是C₅-C₃₁烃基，Z是一带直链烃 基且至少3个羟基直接与其相连的多羟基烃基，或其 烷氧基衍生物。本发明亦提供了洗涤脏碗碟的方法， 即用本文公开的洗涤剂组合物处理脏碗碟。The detergent composition provided by the invention comprises one or more than one anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactant; one or more than one polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and a foam enhancer selected strictly, the above-mentioned Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the general formula:

In the formula, R ¹ is H, C ₁ -C ₄ hydrocarbon group, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or their mixture, R ² is C ₅ -C ₃₁ hydrocarbon group, Z is a straight chain hydrocarbon group and at least 3 A polyhydroxyl hydrocarbon group to which a hydroxyl group is directly attached, or an alkoxy derivative thereof. The present invention also provides a method of washing dirty dishes by treating dirty dishes with the detergent composition disclosed herein.

Description

The present invention relates to detergent compositions containing one or more anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and a strictly selected foam enhancer . In particular, the present invention relates to compositions which have enhanced cleaning and foaming properties, are soft to the touch, and are especially suitable for washing dishes.

The use of sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants in detergent compositions is well known. It is simply more desirable to incorporate surfactants into detergent compositions which exhibit improved cleansing and sudsing characteristics under altered temperature and humidity conditions.

It has now been found that the foaming exhibited by detergent compositions containing one or more sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants, one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and a suds booster and detergency properties superior to those of detergents containing only sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants, said suds boosters being selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, betaines, sultaines and some In the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, or their combination. In addition to the aforementioned benefits in terms of performance, these compositions have a softer hand and less washability due to the reduced need for processing aids such as solvents and co-solvents compared to sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants. Improved, less slippery to the touch and easier to formulate.

Another advantage of these compositions is their consistent foaming characteristics after exposure to varying temperature and humidity conditions.

It is known from the prior art US 4,435,317 (Gerritson et al., March 6, 1984) to use sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants in detergent compositions. The liquid detergent compositions disclosed therein contain alkyl sulfate, alkyl ester sulfate and alkylbenzene sulfonate surfactants. 1959.2.18, the British patent specification 809060 disclosed to Hedley & Co.Ltd's detergent composition contains a sulfate or sulfonate surfactant and a special polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

Several uses of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide component in the compositions of the present invention are also known in the art.

For example, J.W.Goodby, M.A.Marcus, E.Chin, and P.L.Finn in "Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Properties of Some Straight Chain Carbohydrate Amphiphles" (Liquid Crystals, 1988, Vol.3, No.11, P.1569-1581) In the article and A.Muller-Fahrnow, V.Zabel, M.Steifa, and R.Hilgenfeld in "Molecular and Crystal Structure of a Nonionic Detergent: Nonanoyl-N-methylglucamide" (J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun., 1986 , pp. 1573-1574) discloses N-acyl, N-methylglucamides. The use of N-alkyl polyhydroxyamide surfactants is of great interest due to their recent use in biochemistry, eg in the separation of biofilms. See, for example, the journal article "N-D-Glueo-N-methyl-alkanamide Compounds, a New Class of Non-Ionic Detergents For Membrane Biochemistry" by J.E.K. Hildreth, Biochem. J. (1982) Vol. 207, P. 363-366.

The use of N-alkyl glucamides in detergent compositions has also been discussed. US 2965576 of Z.R. Wilson published on December 20, 1960 and British patent specification 809060 discussed above relate to detergent compositions containing anionic surfactants and certain amide surfactants, which may include N-methylglucose Amide, added as a low temperature foam enhancer. These compounds include N-acyl groups of higher straight chain fatty acids with 10-14 carbon atoms. These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal silicates, sulfates and carbonates. It is also generally indicated herein that other ingredients such as fluorescent dyes, bleaches, perfumes, etc. may also be included in the composition to impart desired characteristics thereto.

US 2,703,798, A.M. Schwartz, published March 8, 1955, relates to aqueous detergent compositions containing the condensation reaction product of N-alkylglucamines and a fatty ester of a fatty acid. The reaction product is said to be useful in aqueous detergent compositions without further purification. A method for the preparation of acylated glucosamine sulfates is also known from US 2,717,894 to A.M. Schwartz published on September 13, 1955.

PCT International Patent Application WO 83/04412 by J. Hildreth published on December 22, 1983 relates to amphiphilic compounds containing polyhydroxy aliphatic groups. These compounds are said to be used in a wide variety of applications including surfactants in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, shampoos, lotions, eye ointments, emulsifiers and dispersants in pharmaceuticals, and in biochemistry to solubilize films, cells, or other tissue samples and for the preparation of liposomes. Included herein are compounds of the general formulas ^R1CON (R) _CH2R and R″CON(R) ^R1 , wherein R is hydrogen or an organic group, ^R1 is an aliphatic group with at least 3 carbon atoms, R" is the residue of an aldose.

EP0285768 published on October 12, 1988 by H. Kelkenberg et al. relates to the use of N-polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amides as thickeners for aqueous detergent systems. These include amides of the general formula R ₁ C(O)N(X)R ₂ , where R ₁ is -C ₁ -C ₁₇ (preferably C ₇ -C ₁₇ ) alkyl, R ₂ is hydrogen, -C ₁ -C ₁₈ (preferably C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or monoalkylene oxide, X is a polyhydroxyalkyl group with 4-7 carbon atoms. The amide may, for example, be N-methyl, coco fatty acid glucamide. The article states that the thickening properties of these amides are of particular utility in liquid surfactant systems containing paraffinic sulfates, although these aqueous surfactant systems may contain other anionic surfactants such as alkarylsulfonates, Olefin sulfonates, sulfosuccinic acid half ester salts, fatty alcohol ether sulfonates, and nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters , Polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide mixed polymer and so on. An exemplary formulation is a paraffin sulfonate/N-methyl coco fatty acid glucamide/nonionic surfactant shampoo formulation. In addition to the thickening action, N-polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amides are believed to have superior skin tolerance.

US 2,982,737, Boettner et al., published May 2, 1961, relates to detergent bars containing urea, sodium lauryl sulfate anionic surfactant and an N-alkylglucamide nonionic surfactant. The nonionic surfactant is selected from N-methyl, N-sorbityl lauramide and N-methyl, N-sorbityl myristamide.

Other glucamide surfactants disclosed can be found in DT 2226872 to HWEckert et al published on December 20, 1973. The cleaning composition referred to herein contains one or more surfactants and builder salts selected from polyphosphates, chelating agents and detergent bases. The improvement is the addition of an N-acyl polyhydroxyalkylamine of the general formula R ₁ C(O)N(R ₂ )CH ₂ (CHOH)nCH ₂ OH, where R ₁ is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, R ₂ is C ₁₀ -C ₂₂ alkyl, n is 3 or 4. The N-acyl polyhydroxyalkylamines are added as soil suspending agents.

1972.4.4 published HWEckert et al's US 3654166 relates to a detergent composition containing at least one surfactant selected from anionic, zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants, and as a fabric softener, the general formula is R ₁ An N-acyl, N-alkyl polyhydroxyalkyl compound of N(Z)C(O) _R2 . In the above formula, R ₁ is an alkyl group of C ₁₀ -C ₂₂ , R ₂ is an alkyl group of C ₇ -C ₂₁ , R ₁ and R ₂ have a total of 23-39 carbon atoms, and Z can be -CH ₂ ( CHOH) mCH ₂ OH (m is 3 or 4) polyhydroxyalkyl.

ller等人的US4021539涉及的洁肤化妆品组合物含有包括下列通式化合物的N-多羟基烷基胺：R₁N（R）CH（CHOH）mR₂，式中R₁是氢、低级烷基、羟基-低级烷基、或氨基烷基以及杂环氨基烷基，R同R₁，但两者不能同时为H，R₂为CH₂OH或COOH。1977.5.3 published HM

US4021539 of ller et al. relates to skin cleansing cosmetic compositions containing N-polyhydroxyalkylamines comprising compounds of the general formula: R ₁ N(R)CH(CHOH)mR ₂ , where R ₁ is hydrogen, lower alkyl , hydroxy-lower alkyl, or aminoalkyl and heterocyclic aminoalkyl, R is the same as R ₁ , but both cannot be H at the same time, and R ₂ is CH ₂ OH or COOH.

French Patent 1,360,018 (April 26, 1963), assigned to Commercial Solvents Corporation, relates to inhibitable stabilized formaldehyde solutions. To this is added an amide of general formula RC(O)N(R ₁ )G. In the formula, R is a carboxylic acid functionality with at least 7 carbon atoms, R ₁ is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and G is a sugar alcohol group with at least 5 carbon atoms.

German Patent 1261861 (29 February 1968) by A. Heins relates to glucosamine derivatives of the general formula N(R)( _R1 )( _R2 ) useful as wetting and dispersing agents. In the formula, R is a sugar group of -glucosamine, R ₁ is an alkyl group of -C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ , and R ₂ is an acyl group of -C ₁ -C ₅ .

Published on February 15, 1956, British Patent 745036 assigned to Atlas Powder Company is about heterocyclic amides and their carboxylates. They are reported to be useful as chemical intermediates, emulsifiers, wetting and dispersing agents, detergents, fabric softeners, etc. These compounds can be represented by the general formula N(R)(R ₁ )C(O)R ₂ , wherein R is a residue of an anhydrous hexanepentaol or its carboxylate, R ₁ is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, -C(O ) R ₂ is an acyl group with a carboxylic acid having 2-25 carbon atoms.

1967.4.4 announcement, the disclosed solid block lavatory agent of US3312627 of DTHooker does not contain anionic detergent and alkaline builder material substantially, but contains lithium soap of some fatty acids, a kind of nonionic surfactant, is selected from Certain propylene oxide-ethylenediamine-ethylene oxide condensates, propylene oxide-propylene glycol-ethylene oxide condensates, and polyethylene glycols also contain a nonionic blowing ingredient. The composition may include polyhydroxyamides of the general formula RC(O)NR ¹ (R ² ). In the formula, RC(O) contains about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms, R and R are ^each H or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, the alkyl contains a total of 2 to ^about 7 carbon atoms and a total of 2 - about 6 substituted hydroxyl groups. The substantially similar prior art can also be seen in 1967.4.4 publication, US3312626 of DTHooker.

Amine oxides, betaines, thiobetaines, and nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are also described in prior art US 4,555,360, published November 26, 1985, Bissett et al. The detergent compositions disclosed therein contain certain sulfated and sulfonated surfactants, a betaine surfactant and an amine oxide. These compositions may also optionally contain certain nonionic detersive surfactants. 1967.11.7 publication, Almstead et al. US3351557 The compound liquid detergent composition disclosed contains a non-ionic detergent, a builder, an emulsion stabilizer, water and a detergent group selected from comprising thiobetaine detergent in.

However, nothing in the prior art suggests the unexpected cleansing and lathering performance, lack of "slippery" feel, soft hand and easy rinse-out associated with the detergent compositions of the present invention. The compositions of the present invention contain sulfated or sulfonated anionic surfactants, certain polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and a carefully selected suds booster.

Furthermore, there is no suggestion in the prior art of compositions having modified, consistent foaming properties over varying conditions of temperature and humidity.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide the above detergent compositions exhibiting the above properties.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of cleaning dirty dishes by scrubbing them with the above-mentioned specific detergent composition.

These objects are achieved by the present invention.

The present invention is directed to detergent compositions containing from about 5% to about 65% by weight of a mixture of surfactants comprising:

(a) about 5-95% by weight of one or more sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants;

，式中R¹是H，C_1-4烃基，2-羟基乙基，2-羟基丙基，或它们的混合物，R²为C₅-C₃₁烃基，Z是烃基为直链的多羟基烃基且其中至少有3个羟基直接与该直链烃基相连，或是该多羟基烃基的烷氧基化衍生物;(b) about 5-95% by weight of one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides having the general formula:

, where R ¹ is H, C _1-4 hydrocarbon group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxypropyl group, or their mixture, R ² is C ₅ -C ₃₁ hydrocarbon group, Z is a polyhydroxy group whose hydrocarbon group is a straight chain A hydrocarbon group in which at least 3 hydroxyl groups are directly attached to the linear hydrocarbon group, or an alkoxylated derivative of the polyhydroxy hydrocarbon group;

(c) about 1-20% by weight of a foam enhancer selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, betaines, thiobetaines and nonionic compounds selected from polyepoxides of alkylphenols and mixtures thereof Condensation products of ethylene, polypropylene oxide and polybutylene oxide, condensation products of alkyl ethoxylates of aliphatic alcohols and ethylene oxide, hydrophobic bodies formed by condensation of propylene oxide and propylene glycol and epoxy Condensation products of ethane, condensation products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine, reaction products of alkyl polysaccharides with ethylene oxide, and fatty acid amides.

The present invention is also directed to a method of cleaning soiled dishes comprising scrubbing the soiled dishes with the claimed detergent composition.

The detergent composition of the present invention comprises about 5-65wt%, preferably about 10-50wt%, preferably about 15-40wt% of a mixture of surfactants, one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and one A strictly screened foam enhancer, the surfactant mixture contains one or more than one sulfated or sulfonated anionic surfactant. These and other ingredients commonly used in liquid detergent compositions are listed below. The preferred form of the detergent composition of the present invention is a liquid or gel, more preferably a light duty liquid detergent composition, most preferably a light duty dishwashing detergent composition.

anionic surfactant

The surfactant mixtures of the present invention comprise about 5-95 wt%, preferably about 20-80 wt%, most preferably about 40-60 wt% of one or more sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactants. The sulfate or sulfonate anionic surfactant may be any organic sulfate or sulfonate surfactant, but is preferably selected from: C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ alkylbenzene sulfonates, C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates Salts and their ethoxylated analogues containing up to 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl ethoxy sulfates, C ₁₃ -C ₁₈ paraffin sulfonates, C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ olefin sulfonates, C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ Alkyl Glycerol Ether Sulfonate, C ₉ -C ₁₇ Acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ Alkyl) or -N-(C ₂ -C ₄ Hydroxyalkyl) Glucosamine Sulfate Salt, and mixtures of any of the foregoing. More preferred anionic surfactants are selected from linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ethoxy sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates and paraffin sulfonates.

Alkylbenzene sulfonates useful in the compositions of the present invention are those whose alkyl groups are substantially linear, containing 10-16 carbon atoms, preferably 10-13 carbon atoms, most preferably the The average carbon chain length of the substance is 11.2. The distribution of phenyl isomers, that is, the connection point between the alkyl chain and the benzene nucleus is not strictly required, but alkylbenzene with a high content of 2-phenyl isomer is preferred.

Suitable alkyl sulfates are primary alkyl sulfates in which the alkyl group contains 10-16 carbon atoms, preferably an average of 12-14 carbon atoms and is most preferably straight chain. _C10 - _C16 alcohols made from natural fats, or from Ziegler process olefins, or synthesized from OXO are suitable alkyl sources. Specific synthetic derivatives include Dobanol 23 (RTM) sold by Shell Chemicals (UK) Ltd., Ethyl 24 sold by Ethyl Corporation under the trade name Lutensol by BASF GmbH and Synperonic (RTM) by ICI Ltd. A mixture of C ₁₃ -C ₁₅ alcohols (67% C ₁₃ , 33% C ₁₅ ) and Lial 125 sold by Liquichimica Italiana. Specific natural substances from which alcohols can be made are coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and the corresponding fatty acids.

Alkyl ethoxy sulfate surfactants include a primary alkyl ethoxy sulfate derived from condensation products of -C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alcohols and having an average of up to 6 oxirane groups. The _C10 - _C16 alcohol itself may be obtained from any of the sources described above for the alkyl sulfate component. Preference is given to C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alkyl ethoxy sulfates.

The traditional base-catalyzed ethoxylation method for preparing an average degree of ethoxylation of 12 produces a distribution of individual ethoxylates in the range of 1-15 ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol, so various methods can be used to achieve the required average value of . Mixtures can be made of materials having different degrees of ethoxylation and/or different ethoxylate distributions, the "variance" being due to the particular ethoxylation technique used and post-processing steps such as distillation. For example, it has been found that foaming and oil removal characteristics obtained by reducing the alkyl sulfate content and employing an alkyl ethoxy sulfate having an average of about 2 ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol are equivalent to those obtained by alkyl sulfate Salt and alkyl triethoxy sulfate mixture have the same properties. In a preferred composition of the invention, an alkyl ethoxysulfate having an average degree of ethoxylation of 0.4-5, preferably 0.4-3.0 is used.

The paraffin sulfonates useful in the present invention contain 13-18, preferably 13-16 carbon atoms per molecule. These sulfonates are preferably prepared by reacting a fraction of paraffins corresponding to the aforementioned chain lengths with sulfur dioxide and oxygen by the well-known sulfoxidation process. The reaction product is secondary sulfonic acid, which is then neutralized with a suitable base to obtain a water-soluble secondary alkyl sulfonate. Similar secondary alkyl sulfonates can be obtained by other methods, such as the sulfonation and chlorination method, which reacts chlorine gas and sulfur dioxide with paraffins under the irradiation of actinic light, and then hydrolyzes and neutralizes the generated sulfonyl chloride to become secondary alkane Sulfonate. Regardless of the technique employed, it is generally desirable that the sulfonate produced is a monosulfonate salt with no or limited amounts of unreacted feedstock hydrocarbon present and little or no inorganic salt by-products. Likewise, while some disulfonates or higher sulfonation products may be present, their levels should be minimized. The monosulfonate may be terminally sulfonated, or the sulfonate group may be attached to the 2-carbon or other carbon atoms in the linear chain. Similarly, any concomitant disulfonates, (typically resulting from the presence of an excess of sulfonating agent), may have sulfonate groups distributed on different carbon atoms of the alkane group, and there may be monosulfonate and Mixture of disulfonates.

Particularly preferred mixtures of mono-alkyl sulfonates have alkanes having 14-15 carbon atoms in the weight ratio of sulfonate to C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkane of 1:3-3:1.

Olefin sulfonates useful in the present invention are alkene-1-sulfonates, alkene hydroxy sulfonates, mixtures of alkene disulfonates and hydroxy disulfonates, and are disclosed in P.F.Pflauner and A published on July 25, 1967. . Kessler in US3332880.

Suitable alkyl glycerol ether sulphonates are those prepared from ethers of coconut oil and tallow.

Other sulfate surfactants include C ₉ -C ₁₇ acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl) or -N-(C ₁ -C ₂ hydroxyalkyl) glucosamine sulfate, preferably the sulfate The medium C ₉ -C ₁₇ acyl group is made from coconut or palm kernel oil. These materials can be prepared by the methods disclosed in US Patent 2,717,894 to Schwartz, published September 13, 1955.

The counterion of the anionic surfactant component is preferably selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium or alkanolammonium and mixtures thereof, with magnesium being the most preferred ion.

In a preferred composition adding a C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkyl ethoxysulfate anion surfactant, the molar content of magnesium ions is controlled to correspond to 0.35-0.65X, where X is the C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkane contained moles of base sulfate. Preferably, the magnesium ion content is adjusted to the stoichiometric equivalent, ie half the molar content of the alkyl sulfate contained. In such instances, the magnesium ion content is from about 0.15% to about 3.0%, preferably from 0.25% to 1.5%, by weight of the composition.

Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide ingredients

Surfactant mixture of the present invention contains about 5-95wt%, preferably about 20-80wt%, preferably about 40-60wt% of one or more polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, and its general formula is:

In the formula, R ¹ is H, C ₁ -C ₄ hydrocarbon group, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or their mixture, preferably C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, more preferably C ₁ or C ₂ Alkyl, preferably C ₁ alkyl (i.e. methyl); R ² is C ₅ -C ₃₁ hydrocarbon group, preferably C ₇ -C ₁₉ straight chain alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably C ₉ -C ₁₇ Straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl, preferably C ₁₁ -C ₁₇ straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl, or their mixture; Z is a hydrocarbon whose hydrocarbon group is a straight chain and at least 3 hydroxyl groups are directly connected to the chain Polyhydroxyl, or its alkoxylated derivatives (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated). Z is preferably obtained from a reducing sugar by reductive amination; most preferably Z is a sugar alcohol group. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose and xylose. High dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars mentioned above. These corn syrups yield a mixture of sugar ingredients for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable starting materials. Z is preferably selected from _-CH2- (CHOH)n- _CH2OH , -CH( _CH2OH )-(CHOH)n-1- _CH2OH , _-CH2- (CHOH) ₂ ( ^CHOR1 )- (CHOH)-CH ₂ OH and their alkoxylated derivatives, n in the above formulas is an integer of 3-5, R ¹ is H or cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide. Most preferred are sugar alcohols wherein n is 4, especially _-CH2- (CHOH) _{4- CH2OH} .

In general formula (I), R ¹ can be such as N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl or N-2- Hydroxypropyl.

R ² -CO-N< can be, for example, cocamide, stearylamide, oleamide, laurylamide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide and the like.

Z can be 1-deoxyglucitol, 2-deoxyfructitol, 1-deoxymaltitol, 1-deoxylactitol, 1-deoxygalactitol, 1-deoxymannitol, 1-deoxymalt triglycerides, etc.

The most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the general formula:

In the formula, R ² is C ₁₁ -C ₁₇ linear alkyl or alkenyl.

Methods for preparing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known in the art. Generally, it can be prepared by the following method: reductive amination reaction of alkylamine and reducing sugar to generate corresponding N-alkyl polyhydroxylamine, and then make it with fatty aliphatic ester or three in the first condensation/amidation step Glycerides react to produce N-alkyl, N-polyhydroxy fatty acid amide products. The method for preparing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides is disclosed in such as 1959.2.18, Thomas Hedley & Co., Ltd., GB809060, 1960.12.20, E.R.Wilson’s US2965576, 1955.3.8, Anthony M.Schwartz’s US2703798, Published December 25, 1934, in US1985424 to Piggott. This article refers to the above-mentioned articles.

A kind of preparation N-alkyl or N-hydroxyl alkyl, the method for N-deoxy sugar alcohol base fatty acid amide is: make N-alkyl- or N-hydroxyl alkyl-glucosamine and one selected from aliphatic methyl group The product is prepared by reacting aliphatic esters of esters, aliphatic ethyl esters and aliphatic triglycerides in the presence of a catalyst. The sugar alcohol moiety in the above amides is derived from glucose, and the N-alkyl or N-hydroxyalkyl functional group is N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-butyl, N-hydroxyethyl, or N-hydroxypropyl. Above-mentioned catalyst is selected from trilithium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, pentapotassium tripolyphosphate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, carbonic acid Potassium, disodium tartrate, dipotassium tartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, basic sodium silicate, basic potassium silicate, basic sodium aluminosilicate and basic potassium aluminosilicate and their mixture. The amount of catalyst used is preferably from about 0.5 to about 50 mole percent, more preferably from about 2.0 to about 10 mole percent, based on moles of N-alkyl or N-hydroxyalkyl-glucamine. The reaction is preferably carried out at about 138°C to about 170°C, generally for about 20 to about 90 minutes. If triglycerides are used as the source of fatty esters in the reaction mixture, the reaction is preferably carried out with the addition of from about 1 to about 10 weight percent (based on the weight percent of the total reaction mixture) of a phase transfer agent. Above-mentioned phase transfer agent is selected from saturated fatty alcohol polyethoxylate, alkyl polyglucoside, straight-chain glucamide surfactant and their mixture.

The above method is best done as follows:

(a) preheating the fatty ester to about 138° to about 170°C;

(b) adding N-alkyl or N-hydroxyalkylglucamine to the heated fatty acid ester, mixing it so as to form a two-phase liquid/liquid mixture;

(c) mixing the catalyst into the reaction mixture;

(d) Reaction time required for stirring.

If the aliphatic ester is a triglyceride, it is also preferable to add about 2-20 wt% (by reactant weight) of prefabricated linear N-alkyl/N-hydroxyalkyl, N-linear glucose Glycosyl fatty acid amides as phase transfer agents. The phase transfer agent activates the reaction by increasing the reaction rate. An experimental procedure is detailed in the experimental section below.

The polyhydroxy "fatty acid" amide materials used in the present invention also offer convenience to the detergent formulator since the materials can be prepared entirely or primarily from natural, recyclable, non-petrochemical sources and are degradable. It is also less toxic to aquatic organisms.

It should be recognized that, in addition to the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of general formula (I), the various processes for their preparation generally result in the formation of varying levels of nonvolatile by-products such as ester amides and cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amides. The amount of these by-products will vary with the particular reactants and reaction conditions. Preferably, the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides incorporated into the detergent compositions of the present invention should be such that the composition containing the material added to the detergent contains less than about 10%, preferably less than about 4%, of cyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amides. fatty acid amides. An advantage of the preferred method described above is that it produces relatively small amounts of by-products including the cyclic amide.

foam enhancer

The surfactant mixture of the present invention also contains about 1-20 wt%, preferably about 2 (better 5 wt%)-about 20 wt% of a foam booster selected from the group consisting of amine oxides, betaines, thiobetaines Ammonium salts and certain nonionic surfactants.

，式中R³选自含8-26，最好8-16个碳原子的烷基、羟基烷基、酰基胺基丙基和烷基苯基基团，或它们的混合物;R⁴是含2-3个，最好2个碳原子亚烷基或羟基亚烷基，或它们的混合物;X为0-3，最好是0;每一R⁵是含1-3，最好1-2个碳原子的烷基或羟基烷基，或是带1-3个，最好是一个环氧乙烷基的聚环氧乙烷基团。R⁵基团可彼此相连接，如通过一个氧或氮原子相连形成环状结构。Amine oxides useful in the present invention include those compounds having the general formula:

, wherein R ³ is selected from alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, amidopropyl and alkylphenyl groups containing 8-26, preferably 8-16 carbon atoms, or their mixtures; R ⁴ is a group containing 2-3, preferably 2 carbon atom alkylene or hydroxyalkylene, or their mixture; X is 0-3, preferably 0; each R ⁵ is 1-3, preferably 1- Alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups with 2 carbon atoms, or polyethylene oxide groups with 1-3, preferably one oxirane group. The ^R5 groups may be connected to each other, such as through an oxygen or nitrogen atom to form a ring structure.

These amine oxide surfactants specifically include C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C ₈ -C ₁₂ alkoxyethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxides. Examples of these substances include dimethyloctylamine oxide, diethyldecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dipropyldecylamine oxide Tetraalkylamine, methylethylhexadecylamine oxide, laurylamidopropyldimethylamine oxide, and dimethyl-2-hydroxyoctadecylamine oxide. Preference is given to C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ alkyldimethylamine oxides and C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ acylamidoalkyldimethylamine oxides.

Betaines useful in the present invention are those compounds having the general formula: R(R ¹ ) ₂ -N ⁺ R ^{2 COO-} , wherein R is a C ₆ -C ₁₈ hydrocarbon group, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ Alkyl, each R ¹ is usually C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, preferably methyl, R ² is C ₁ -C ₅ hydrocarbon, preferably C ₁ -C ₃ alkylene, most preferably C ₁ -C ₂ alkylene. Examples of suitable betaines include cocoyl amidopropyl dimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ acyl amido propyl betaine; C ₈ -C ₁₄ Acylamidohexyldiethylbetaine; 4[C ₁₄ -C ₁₆ acylmethylamidodiethylamino]-1-carboxybutane; C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ acylamidodimethylbetaine; C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ acylamidopentyldiethyl betaine; [C _12-16 acylmethylamidodimethyl] betaine; preferred betaines are C _12-18 dimethyl-amino Caproic acid and C _10-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaine.

Thiobetaines useful in the present invention are those compounds having the general formula R(R ¹ ) ₂ -N ⁺ R ² SO- ₃ , wherein R is C ₆ -C ₁₈ hydrocarbyl, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkyl, preferably C ₁₂ -C ₁₃ alkyl, each R ¹ is usually C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl, preferably methyl, R ² is C ₁ -C ₆ hydrocarbon, preferably C ₁ -C ₃ alkylene or preferably hydroxyalkylene. Examples of suitable thiobetaines include C _12-14 dimethylamino-2-hydroxypropylsulfonate, C _12-14 aminopropylamino-2-hydroxypropyl thiobetaine, C _{12 -14} dihydroxyethyl aminopropane sulfonate, and C _16-18 dimethylaminohexane sulfonate, preferably C _12-14 aminopropylamino-2-hydroxypropyl thiobetaine.

Suitable nonionic detergent surfactants are generally disclosed in US Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., published December 30, 1975 (column 13, line 14 - column 16, line 6), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Several classes of useful nonionic surfactants are listed below by way of example and not limitation.

1. Polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols. Polyethylene oxide condensates are generally preferred. These compounds include the condensation reaction products of alkylphenols with 6-12 carbon atoms in their alkyl branched or straight chains and alkylene oxides. In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide is used in an amount equivalent to about 5 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include Igepal ^(TM) CO-630 sold by GAF Corporation, Triton ^(TM) X-45, X-114, X-100 and X102 sold by Rohm & Haas Company.

2. Condensation products of alkyl ethoxy esters of fatty alcohols with about 1 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl chain of the fatty alcohol can be straight or branched, primary or tertiary, and generally contains 8-22 carbon atoms. Particular preference is given to condensation reaction products of alcohols whose alkyl groups have 10-20 carbon atoms with 2-10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Most preferred are the condensation products of alcohols whose alkyl groups have 10-14 carbon atoms with 6-10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include Tergitol ^™ 15-S-9 (condensation product of C ₁₁ -C ₁₅ linear alcohols with 9 moles of ethylene oxide) sold by Union Carbide, Tergitol ^™ 24 -L-6NMW (condensation product of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ primary alcohol with 6 moles of ethylene oxide, narrow molecular weight distribution); Neodol ^TM 45-9 (C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodol ^TM 23-6.5 (condensation product of C ₁₂ -C ₁₃ linear alcohols with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodol ^TM 45-7 (C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ linear alcohols Condensation product with 7 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodol ^TM 45-4 (condensation product of C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ linear alcohols with 4 moles of ethylene oxide); Kyro ^TM EOB (C ₁₃ -Condensation product of C ₁₅ alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide).

3. The condensation product of ethylene oxide and a hydrophobic body formed by the condensation of propylene oxide and propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and is water insoluble. The addition of a portion of polyoxyethylene to the hydrophobic moiety is intended to increase the water solubility of the entire molecule, and the liquid nature of the product can be retained up to a polyoxyethylene content of 50% by weight of the total weight of the condensation product, corresponding to up to about 40 moles of ring Oxyethane condensation. Examples of such compounds include some of the commercially available Pluronic ^™ surfactants sold by BASF.

4. Condensation products of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. The hydrophobic portion of these compounds consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000. The hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide until the product contains about 40-80 wt% polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of about 5,000 to about 11,000. Examples of such nonionic surfactants include some of the commercially available Tetronic ^™ compounds sold by BASF.

5.1986.1.21 announcement, Llenado's US 4565647 disclosed alkyl polysaccharide with a hydrophobic group and a polysaccharide such as a polyglycoside hydrophilic group, the hydrophobic group contains about 6-30, preferably about 10-16 carbon atoms , the hydrophilic group contains about 1.3-about 10, preferably about 1.3-3, more preferably about 1.3-2.7 saccharide units. Any reducing sugar containing 5-6 carbon atoms such as glucose, galactose can be used and the glucosyl moiety can be replaced by a galactosyl moiety. (Optionally, the hydrophobic group is attached in the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. position, so that glucose or galactose is not the same as glucoside or galactoside). A saccharide linkage may be located eg between a position of another saccharide unit and the 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-position of the preceding saccharide unit.

Optionally, but not necessarily, there may be a polyalkylene oxide chain linking the hydrophobic portion and the polysaccharide portion. The preferred alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide. Typical hydrophobic groups include saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain alkyl groups with 8-18, preferably 10-16 carbon atoms. Most preferably, the alkyl group is a saturated straight chain alkyl group. The alkyl group may contain up to about 3 hydroxyl groups and/or the polyalkylene oxide chain may contain up to about 10, preferably less than 5 alkylene oxide moieties. Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonadecyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl Alkyl di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-glucosides, galactosides, lactosides, glucose, fructosides, fructose and/or galactose. Suitable mixtures include cocoalkyl di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-glucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta- and hexa-glucosides.

Preferred alkyl polyglycosides have the general formula: ^R2O ( _CnH2nO )t(glycosyl)x, where ^R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl and their wherein the alkyl group contains 10-18, preferably 12-14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, preferably 2; t is 0 to about 10, preferably 0; x is about 1.3 to about 10 , preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, alcohols or alkylpolyethoxylated alcohols are prepared and then reacted with glucose or a source of glucose to form glycosides (attached at the 1-position). Further glycosyl units may be attached between their 1-position and the 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably mainly the 2-position, of the preceding glycosyl unit.

通式的脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂，式中R⁶是含7-21，最好9-17个碳原子的烷基，每-R⁷选自氢、C₁-C₄烷基，C₁-C₄羟基烷基，和-（C₂H₄O）xH（其中X为1-3）。6. have

The fatty acid amide surfactant of general formula, wherein R ⁶ is an alkyl group containing 7-21, preferably 9-17 carbon atoms, each-R ⁷ is selected from hydrogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ - C ₄ hydroxyalkyl, and -(C ₂ H ₄ O)xH (wherein X is 1-3).

Preferred amides are _C8 - _C20 aminoamides, monoethanolamides, diethanolamides and isopropanolamides.

Preferred foam boosters are C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ alkyl dimethylamine oxides, C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ acyl amidoalkyl dimethylamine oxides, betaines, thiobetaines, combinations of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide Condensation products and alkyl polysaccharides and mixtures thereof.

liquid carrier

In a preferred embodiment, the detergent compositions of the present invention are liquid detergent compositions. These preferred liquid detergent compositions contain about 95-35 wt%, preferably about 90-50 wt%, most preferably about 85-60 wt% of a liquid carrier, such as water, preferably water with C ₁ -C ₄ -hydroxyl Mixtures of alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and mixtures thereof, the preferred alcohol being ethanol.

Composition pH

The liquid detergent compositions herein are preferably formulated so that, during aqueous washing, the pH of the wash water is between about 6-9, preferably between about 7-8. The pH of the liquid product formulation is preferably about 5.0-10.5, more preferably about 6.0-9.0, most preferably about 6.5-7.5. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended use levels include the use of buffers, bases, acids, etc., and are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

thickener

The detergent compositions of the present invention may also be in gel form. Such compositions are generally formulated in the same manner as liquid detergent compositions except with the addition of a thickening agent.

Any one or several materials which can be mixed with an aqueous liquid to produce a shear olefinated composition having a sufficient plasticity value can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Materials such as colloidal silica, particulate polymers such as polystyrene and oxidized polystyrene, certain surfactant compositions, and water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylates are known to provide plasticity values.

A preferred thickener useful in the compositions of the present invention is a high molecular weight polycarboxylate polymer thickener. "High molecular weight" means a molecular weight of from about 500,000 to about 5,000,000, preferably about 750, 000 - about 4,000,000.

The polycarboxylate polymer may be a carboxyvinyl polymer. These compounds are disclosed in US2798053, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Methods for preparing carboxyvinyl polymers are also disclosed in the aforementioned Brown patent, the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference.

Carboxyvinyl polymer is a copolymer of monomer mixture. The monomer mixture comprises an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and a polyether of a polyhydric alcohol in an amount of about 0.1-10% by weight of the total monomers. The above-mentioned polyhydric alcohols contain at least 4 carbon atoms, and at least 3 hydroxyl groups are attached thereto. Polyethers contain more than one alkenyl group per molecule. If necessary, the monomer mixture may also contain other monoolefin monomer substances, and its content may even account for the majority of the proportion. Carboxyvinyl polymers are essentially insoluble in liquid, volatile organic hydrocarbons, and are stable when exposed to air.

Preferred polyhydric alcohols for use in the preparation of carboxyvinyl polymers include polyols selected from the group consisting of oligosaccharides, and reducing derivatives thereof in which the carbonyl group is transferred to an alcohol group, and pentaerythritol; more preferably Oligosaccharides, most preferably sucrose. Preferably, the hydroxyl groups of the polyols are modified by etherification with allyl groups. The polyols carry at least 2 allyl ether groups per polyol molecule. When the polyol is sucrose, it is preferred that the sucrose has at least about 5 allyl ether groups per sucrose molecule. Preferably the polyol of the polyol comprises about 0.1-4%, more preferably about 0.2-2.5%, of the total monomers.

Preferred ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers for use in preparing the carboxyvinyl polymers useful in this invention include monomeric, polymerizable, alpha-beta monoethylenically unsaturated lower aliphatic carboxylic acid monomers acid; more preferably the structure is

（R是选自氢和较低级烷基的取代基）的单体的、单烯烃的丙烯酸;更优选的是丙烯酸。

(R is a substituent selected from hydrogen and lower alkyl) monomeric, monoolefinic acrylic acid; more preferred is acrylic acid.

Carboxyvinyl polymers useful in the formulations of the present invention have a molecular weight of at least about 750,000. Preferred are highly crosslinked carboxyvinyl polymers having a molecular weight of at least about 1,250,000. Carboxyvinyl polymers having a molecular weight of at least about 3,000,000 but not being too highly crosslinked are also preferred materials.

Various carboxyvinyl polymers are commercially available under the trademark Carbopol from B.F. Goodrich Company, New York, N.Y. Carbopol 910, preferably Carbopol 941 with a molecular weight of about 1,250,000, more preferably about 3,000,000 and 4,000, respectively 000 of Carbopol 934 and 940.

Carbopol 934 is a lightly cross-linked carboxyvinyl polymer with a molecular weight of about 3,000,000. High molecular weight polyacrylic acid has previously been described which is crosslinked with about 1% polyallyl sucrose having an average of about 5.8 allyl groups per molecule of sucrose.

Other polycarboxylate polymers useful in the present invention are Sokolan PHC-25R, a polyacrylic acid commercially available from BASF Corporation, and Gantrez R, a poly(methyl vinyl ether commercially available from GAF Corporation). / maleic acid) copolymer.

The preferred polycarboxylate polymers of this invention are non-linear, water dispersible polyacrylic acids crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether and having a molecular weight of from about 750,000 to about 4,000,000.

The most preferred specific polymers among these polycarboxylate polymer thickeners are the Carbopol 600 series resins sold by B.F. Goodrich. Particularly preferred are Carbopol 616 and 617. These resins are believed to be more crosslinked than the 900 series resins and have a molecular weight between about 1,000,000-4,000,000. Mixtures of the polycarboxylate polymers described herein are also useful in the present invention. Particularly preferred are blends of Carbopol 616 and 617 series resins.

The use of polycarboxylate polymer thickeners is preferably substantially free of clay thickeners. In fact it has been found that if the polycarboxylate polymers of the present invention are used in the compositions of the present invention with clays, a less desirable product is obtained as indicated by phase instability. In other words, it is preferred to use polycarboxylate polymer rather than clay as a thickening/stabilizing agent in the compositions of the present invention.

The polycarboxylate polymer also provides a compression action which is commonly referred to as a "hang bottle", meaning that the entire dishwashing detergent product cannot be poured from its refill container. It is believed, without wishing to be bound by theory, that the thickened compositions of the present invention have this advantage because the composition's binding power is greater than its adhesion to the container wall. And with clay thickener systems contained in most commercially available products, under certain conditions hanging bottles can be a non-trivial problem.

It is also believed (but not wishing to be bound by theory) that the long chain molecules of the polycarboxylate polymer thickener help to suspend the solids in the thickened detergent compositions of the present invention and help maintain the swelling matrix. Compared to clay thickeners, such polymeric materials are less susceptible to damage from repeated shear that can occur when the composition is vigorously mixed.

Polycarboxylate polymers, if used as thickeners in the compositions of the present invention, generally comprise from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 2% by weight.

The plasticity value provided by the thickener is from about 50 to about 350, preferably from about 75 to about 250.

Plastic deformation analysis

The plasticity value is used to indicate the shear stress at which the gel strength is exceeded and flow begins. Measurements were made using a Brookfield RVT type viscometer with a T-bar B measuring rod, and were carried out at 25°C, with a Helipath push-up device during readings. Set the system at 0.5 rpm, record the reading of the tested composition after 30 sec or after the system is stable. Stop the system and reset the rpm to 1.0 rpm. 30sec. or after the system is stable, write down the reading of the same composition. The stress at zero shear is equal to twice the difference between the reading at 0.5 rpm minus the reading at 1.0 rpm. The plastic deformation value is equal to the stress at zero shear multiplied by 18.8 (conversion factor).

random ingredients

The compositions of the present invention may optionally contain other anionic and nonionic compounds (in addition to those already discussed above).

Other anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes may also be included in the compositions of the present invention. Specific useful anionic surfactants include soap salts (including salts such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di-, and triethanolamine), sulfonated salts prepared by sulfonating the pyrolysis products of alkaline earth metal citrates, Polycarboxylates, (as described in GB1082179), C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl sulfates, C ₈ -C ₂₄ alkyl polyethylene glycol ether sulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl Glycerol sulfonates, fatty acylglycerol sulfonates, fatty acylglycerol sulfates, alkylphenol oxirane ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as acyl hydroxy Ethylates, acyl taurates, fatty acid amides, alkyl succinates and thiosuccinates, acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides (nonionic Non-sulfated compounds have been described), alkyl ether carbonates, fatty acids esterified with isethionate and neutralized with sodium hydroxide, and fatty acid amides of methyl tauride. See "Surface ActiveAgents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch) for other examples. Published on December 30, 1975, US Pat. No. 3,929,678 by Laughlin et al., column 23, line 58-column 29, line 23, also provides a general introduction to various surfactants of this type. (The content of which is referenced in this article).

Amphoteric surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary or tertiary amines in which the aliphatic group may be linear or branched. One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least 8 carbon atoms, generally 8-18 carbon atoms, and at least one of them bears a water-soluble anionic group such as carboxyl, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., published December 30, 1975, for examples of useful amphoteric surfactants disclosed at column 19, lines 18-35, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See US Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., published December 30, 1975, column 19, line 38 - column 22, line 48 (the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference) for examples of useful zwitterionic surfactants.

These amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are generally used in combination with one or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.

If included in the compositions of the present invention, these optional other surfactants will generally be present at a concentration of about 1-10 wt%, preferably about 2-5 wt%.

Other optional ingredients include detergency builders, which may be organic or inorganic, although such builders are generally not preferred for use in the compositions of the present invention. Examples of useful water-soluble inorganic builders are glycine, alkyl and alkenyl succinates, alkali metal carbonates, phosphates, polyphosphates and silicates, which may be used alone or in admixture with each other , It can also be mixed with organic base chelating builder salt. Specific examples of these salts are sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate. Particular organic builder salts which may be used alone or in admixture with each other or with the inorganic base builder salts mentioned above are alkali metal polycarboxylates, such salts being exemplified by, but not limited to, water soluble lemon Acid salts such as sodium and potassium citrate, sodium and potassium tartrate, sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetate, nitrilo Sodium and potassium triacetate, sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilodiacetate, sodium and potassium oxydisuccinate, and sodium and potassium tartrate mono- and disuccinate, such as US 4663071 (1987.5. 5 publication, those described in Bush et al. Its contents are referenced herein. Other organic detergency builders such as water-soluble phosphonates can also be used in the compositions herein. However, these detergency builders are generally of limited value when the compositions of the present invention are in the form of light duty liquid dishwashing detergent compositions. If included in the compositions herein, these optional builders generally comprise from about 1.0 to 10% by weight, preferably from about 2 to 5% by weight.

Other desirable ingredients include diluents, solvents, dyes, perfumes and co-solvents (preferred). The diluent may be an inorganic salt such as sodium and potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium and potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and the like. The content of the diluent used in the composition of the present invention is generally about 1-10% by weight, preferably about 2-5% by weight.

Usable solvents include water and low molecular weight alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, and the like. The amount of solvent used in the composition of the present invention is generally about 1-60 wt%, preferably 5-50 wt%.

Co-solvents such as sodium and potassium toluene sulfonate, sodium and potassium xylene sulfonate, sodium and potassium cumene sulfonate, trisodium and tripotassium sulfosuccinate and related compounds (as disclosed in US3915903, which is incorporated herein by reference content) can be used to achieve the desired product phase stability and viscosity. It has been found that co-solvents have a positive effect on the foaming effect of the present invention. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that this advantage arises from the viscosity characteristics of these co-solvents. Co-solvents may be used in the compositions of the present invention generally at levels of about 1-10% by weight, preferably about 2-5% by weight.

When the compositions of the present invention are used in liquid dishwashing detergents, optional ingredients include drainage promoting ethoxylated nonionic surfactants of the type disclosed in US Patent 4,316,824, published February 23, 1982, Pancheri, incorporated herein by reference.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the claimed compositions of the present invention are advantageous in that they provide unexpected foaming and detergency performance and clean dishes without leaving them with a "greasy" feel. This point is important in the consumer market, as the cleanliness of dishes is judged to be free of this "greasy" feel. Furthermore, without being bound by theory, it is believed that another advantage of the compositions of the present invention is their ease of rinsing, thereby reducing the "slippery" feel associated with typical liquid detergent compositions. This reduced "slippery" feel is important in the consumer market as this "slippery" feel is undesirable and is considered to be an incomplete rinsing of the surfactant from the dish surface.

Furthermore, without being bound by theory, it is believed that the compositions of the present invention provide unexpected Foam uniformity.

In the method aspect of the invention, dirty dishes are contacted with an effective amount, generally about 0.5ml-20ml (per 25 dishes to be washed), preferably about 3ml-10ml, of the composition of the invention. The actual amount of liquid detergent composition to be used will be based on the judgment of the user and will generally depend on various factors such as the formulation of the specific products in the composition, including the concentration of active ingredients therein, the number of soiled dishes to be washed, the degree of soiling of the dishes etc. The formulation of the specific product depends on some factors, such as the market of the composition product (ie: the United States, Europe, Japan, etc.). The following are examples of typical processes in which dirty dishes are cleaned using the detergent compositions of the present invention. These examples are listed for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

In a typical U.S. application, about 3ml-15ml, preferably about 5ml-10ml of liquid detergent composition is mixed with about 1,000ml-10,000ml, more typically about 3,000ml-5,000ml of water. In a washing pool with a volume capacity of about 5,000ml-20,000ml, more typically about 10,000ml-15,000ml. The concentration of the surfactant mixture in the detergent compositions is about 21-44 wt%, preferably about 25-40 wt%. Preferably the water temperature is about 80-125°F, more preferably about 100-120°F. Dip the dirty dishes into a sink containing the detergent composition and water, and scrub with a rag, sponge or the like in contact with the surface of the dirty dishes. The rag, sponge or the like can be soaked in the mixture of detergent composition and water before making it contact with the surface of the dirty dish, and generally the contact time with the surface of the dirty dish is about 1-10 sec., but the actual time will be Varies for each application and user. When the rag, sponge or the like comes into contact with the surface of the dish, it is preferably accompanied by scrubbing the surface.

In a typical European market application, about 3-15ml, preferably about 3-10ml of liquid detergent composition is mixed with about 1,000-10,000ml, preferably about 3,000-5,000ml of water in A volume capacity of about 5,000-20,000ml, preferably about 10,000-15,000ml of washing tank. The concentration of the surfactant mixture in the detergent composition is about 21-44 wt%, preferably about 25-35 wt%. Preferably the water temperature is about 80-125°F, most preferably about 100-120°F. Soiled dishes are immersed in a sink containing a detergent composition and water, and a rag, sponge or the like is brushed in contact with the surface of the soiled dishes. A rag, sponge or the like may be dipped in the detergent composition and water mixture before it is brought into contact with the dirty dish surface, typically for about 1-10 sec. But actual times will vary with each application and user. When the rag, sponge or the like comes into contact with the surface of the dish, it is preferably accompanied by scrubbing the surface.

In a typical Latin American and Japanese market application, about 1-50ml, preferably about 2-10ml of detergent composition is mixed with about 50-2,000ml, preferably about 100-1,000ml of water in a volume The capacity is about 500-5,000ml, preferably about 500-1,000ml in the washing basin. The concentration of the surfactant mixture in the detergent composition is about 5-40 wt%, preferably about 10-30 wt%. Clean by touching dirty dish surfaces with a rag, sponge or similar. A rag, sponge or similar can be dipped in a detergent and water mixture before it comes into contact with the dirty dish surface, and is typically in contact with the surface for about 1-10 sec., but the actual time will vary with each application and user And change. When the rag, sponge or the like comes into contact with the surface of the dish, it is preferably accompanied by scrubbing the surface.

Another method of use involves immersing the dirty dishes in a water bath without any liquid dishwashing detergent. A liquid dishwashing detergent absorbent article, such as a sponge, is placed directly into another quantity of undiluted liquid dishwashing detergent composition, typically for about 1-5 sec. The absorbent article, ie, the undiluted liquid dishwashing composition, then contacts each soiled dish surface individually to remove the soil. The absorbent article is generally in contact with the surface of each dish for about 1-10 sec., but the actual usage time will depend on factors such as how dirty the dish is. Contact of the absorbent article with the dish surface is preferably accompanied by scrubbing.

experiment

Here, the method for preparing the N-methyl, 1-deoxysugar alcohol-based lauramide surfactant used is taken as an example. Although the shape of the apparatus can be varied by the skilled chemist, a suitable apparatus for use in this experiment consists of a -31 four-necked flask with an electric paddle stirrer and a thermometer of sufficient length to contact the reaction medium. The other two ports of the flask are fitted with a nitrogen purge and a large hole side arm (note: the large hole side arm is important in the case of very rapid methanol removal.), to which is connected an efficient collection condensate device and vacuum outlet. The vacuum outlet is connected with a nitrogen relief device and a vacuum valve, and then connected with an aspirator and a cold trap. A 500 watt heating suit with an adjustable transformer thermostat ("Variac") used to heat the reaction was mounted on a real laboratory landing gear so that it could be easily raised and lowered to further control the reaction temperature.

N-methylglucamine (195 g., 1.0 mol., Aldrich, M4700-O) and methyl laurate (Procter & Gamble CE1270, 220.9 g., 1.0 mol.) were added to the flask. Under a nitrogen purge, the solid/liquid mixture was stirred and heated to form a solution (about 25 min). When the melting temperature reached 145°C, the catalyst (powdered anhydrous sodium carbonate, 10.5 g, 0.1 mol, J.T. Baker) was added. Turn off the nitrogen purge and adjust the aspirator and nitrogen bleeder to create a vacuum of 5 inches (5/31 atm) Hg. From this point on, the reaction temperature was maintained at 150°C by adjusting the Variac and/or raising and lowering the heating mantle.

Within 7 min, methanol bubbles were first seen through the meniscus of the reaction mixture. A violent reaction ensues immediately. Methanol continues to distill until it slows down. The vacuum was conditioned to a vacuum of about 10 inches Hg (10/31 atm). Increase the vacuum approximately in the following order (in Hg/min): 10/3, 20/7, 25/10. Methanol was discharged from the beginning for a total of 11 minutes, heating and stirring were stopped, and foam appeared at the same time. The product cooled and solidified.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the compositions of the present invention, but not to limit or define the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

example

The implementation of the present invention is illustrated below with examples, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Example I

The following compositions were formulated by weight percentage and prepared according to the following instructions:

A surfactant paste comprising the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and the suds booster of the present invention is prepared by first mixing any desired surfactant with water and alcohol. Ideally, the paste should be pumpable at room temperature or elevated temperature. In a large mixing vessel with a propeller mixer, separate three-quarters of the water used to make the product, half of the alcohol used to make the product, and any co-solvents required (such as xylene, cumene, toluenesulfonic acid) salt) and mix together to form a clear solution. The desired optional magnesium was then added, followed by the above surfactant paste, to make the mixture.

Magnesium, if included, can be added directly to the mixing vessel as magnesium chloride. Alternatively, magnesium may be added in the form of magnesium oxide or its hydroxide powder. The magnesium oxide or hydroxide powder is added to the surfactant paste. Acid surfactant salts (such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylated sulfates, methyl ester sulfonates salts, etc.). If magnesium is added as an oxide such as hydroxide powder, add less than stoichiometrically necessary while stirring to ensure complete dissolution. Then use NaOH or KOH solution to adjust the pH value of the magnesium-containing surfactant paste.

The mixture is mixed until a homogeneous, clear solution product is formed. The remainder of the water and alcohol and any other co-solvent may then be added (in solution) to adjust the product viscosity of the solution to the desired viscosity, ideally 50-1000 cps (measured on a Brookfield viscometer at 70°F). Then use HCl or NaOH to adjust the pH value of the solution product, if the formula contains ammonium ions, the pH is 7.0±0.7, if the formula does not contain ammonium ions, the pH is 8.5±1.5.

Finally the perfume, dyes and other ingredients such as sunscreens such as Lytron and Glycol Distearate are added. Lytron can be directly dispersed and added under stirring. Ethylene glycol distearate is added in a molten state while stirring rapidly to form the desired pearly crystals.

Composition A B C D E

C _12-14 alkyl N-methyl

Glucosamide 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 15.0

C _11.2 Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate

Sodium acid 10.0 - - - -

Coconut Alcohol Ethoxylation

(average 1.0) ammonium sulfate - 25.0 - - 15.0

Ammonium coconut alcohol sulfate 10.0 5.0 - - -

Coconut alcohol methyl ester sulfonate sodium salt - - 15.0 - -

MgCl ₂ 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.5

C _14-16 α-Olefins

Sodium sulfonate - - - 20.0 -

coconut polyglycosides (average per molecule

1.6 glucose units) - 5.0 - - -

Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide 3.0 3.0 - 5.0 3.0

Cocamidopropyl Dimethyl

Betaine 3.0 - 3.0 - -

Coconut Monoethanolamide 2.0 - - - -

Coconut Diethanolamide - - - - - 3.0

Sodium cumene sulfonate 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Potassium toluenesulfonate - - 2.0 - -

Ethanol 5.0 4.0 - 3.0 4.0

Water and mixed materials (dyes, perfume, etc.) The balance, make it 100%

Example II

The following compositions are prepared by weight percentage, and its preparation method is the same as that of Example I composition preparation method.

Ingredient A B C D

C _12-14 alkyl N-methyl

Glucosamide 20.0 12.0 4.0 10.0

C _11.2 Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 5.0 - - -

Coconut Alcohol Ethoxylate (average 1.0)

Ammonium sulfate 5.0 - - 12.0

Sodium Cocoate Methyl Sulfonate - - 15.0 -

MgCl ₂ 0.7 2.0 1.9 -

coconut polyglycosides (average per molecule

1.6 glucose units - - 15.0 5.0

Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide 6.0 - - 3.0

Cocamidopropyl Dimethyl

Betaine - 3.0 - 3.0

Cetyl dimethyl betaine - - 5.0 3.0

Coconut Diethanolamide 2.0 - - -

Sodium cumene sulfonate - - - 3.0

Sodium xylene sulfonate 3.0 - - 3.0

Potassium toluenesulfonate - 2.0 2.0 -

Ethanol 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Water and mixture (dye, perfume,

Sunscreen, etc.) The balance, make it 100%

Example III

The following compositions are prepared by weight percentage, and its preparation method is the same as that of Example I composition preparation method.

Composition A B C D E

C _11.2 ammonium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate -- 10.0 8.0 13.5 13.5

C _12-14 fatty acid N-methyl

Glucosamide 16.5 12.5 10.0 12.5 10.0

C _12-14 Alkyl Ethoxy

(average 0.8) ammonium sulfate 12.5 11.0 10.0 -- 6.0

Cocamidopropylbetaine 1.5 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0

Hexadecyldimethylbetaine 2.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5

Coconut monoethanolamide 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.0 --

C _12-14 alkyl dimethylamine oxide -- -- 4.0 2.0 3.0

Sodium cumene sulfonate 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0

Ethanol 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0

Urea 0.5 -- -- -- -- 0.7

Mg(OH) ₂ 1.6 -- -- -- --

Water and mixture (perfume,

Dyes, etc.) The balance makes it 100%

Example IV

The following detergent compositions were prepared by weight percentage and were prepared in the same manner as the composition of Example I.

Composition A B C D E

C _11.2 Ammonium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate 5.0 -- 10.0 12.0 --

C _12-14 fatty acid N-methyl

Glucosamide 5.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 8.0

C _12-14 ethoxylated

(average 0.8) ammonium sulfate 5.0 14.0 10.0 -- 12.0

C ₁₀ Primary Alcohol Ethoxylates

(average 8.0) 5.0 4.0 -- 4.0 3.0

C _12-14 Dimethylbetaine -- 2.0 -- -- --

C _12-14 amidopropyl

Dimethylbetaine 3.0 -- 3.0 -- --

Coconut acid monoethanolamide 2.0 2.0 -- -- 2.0

Diethanolamide Coconut Acid 2.0 -- 2.0 -- 2.0

Coconut Dimethylamine Oxide 2.0 2.0 -- 5.0 3.0

Sodium cumene sulfonate 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0

Sodium xylene sulfonate 1.0 3.0 3.0 -- --

Ethanol 5.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Mg(OH) ₂ 0.7 0.6 -- -- --

Ethylene glycol distearate -- -- -- -- 1.0 --

C ₁₆ Dimethylbetaine -- -- -- 3.0 --

Urea 2.0 1.5 -- -- -- --

Water and mixture (perfume, dye, etc.) The balance makes it 100%

Example Ⅴ

The following detergent composition is prepared by weight percentage, and its preparation method is the same as that of Example I composition preparation method.

Ingredient A B C D

C _14-16 α-olefin sulfonate -- -- 10.0 10.0

C _12-14 fatty acid N-methyl

Glucosamide 15.0 10.0 12.5 5.0

C _12-14 ethoxylated

(average 0.8) ammonium sulfate -- -- -- -- 10.0

C _12-14 methyl ester sulfonic acid sodium salt 15.0 10.0 5.0 --

C _12-14 polyglycosides -- 10.0 -- --

C ₁₀ Primary Alcohol Ethoxylates

(average 8.0) -- -- 4.0 4.0

C _12-14 amidopropyl

Dimethylbetaine -- 2.0 -- --

Coconut acid monoethanolamide 3.0 1.0 2.0 --

Coconut acid diethanolamide 2.0 1.0 2.0 --

Coconut Dimethylamine Oxide 3.0 1.0 3.0 4.0

Sodium cumene sulfonate 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Sodium xylene sulfonate 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Ethanol 4.0 3.0 -- 4.0

Mg(OH) ₂ -- -- -- 0.5

Ethylene glycol distearate -- -- -- -- 1.0

Water and mixture (perfume, dye, etc.) The balance makes it 100%

Example Ⅵ

The following detergent compositions were formulated by weight percentage and were prepared in the same way as the composition of Example I.

Ingredient A B C D

Sodium C _14-15 paraffin sulfonate 26.0 -- -- 15.0

Magnesium C _14-15 paraffin sulfonate -- 26.0 -- --

With 3mol ethoxylated oxide

Ethoxylated Sulfated Coconut

Sodium salt of alcohol 14.0 -- -- 15.0

With 3mol ethylene oxide ethoxy

Sulfated Coconut Alcohol

Magnesium salt -- -- -- -- 34.0

Sodium Coconut Glyceryl Ether Sulfonate -- -- -- -- 5.0

C _12-14 fatty acid N-methyl

Glucosamide 15.0 12.0 12.0 15.0

Dimethyldodecylamine Oxide 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

C _12-14 acyl amido

Propyldimethylbetaine -- 5.0 -- 5.0

Triethanolamine 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Ethanol 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Carbopol (R) 616 1.5 -- -- -- --

Carbopol (R) 617 1.5 2.0 -- --

Water and mixture (perfume, dye, etc.) The balance makes it 100%

Example VII

The following detergent composition is prepared by weight percentage, and its preparation method is the same as that of Example I composition preparation method.

Ingredient E F G

Sodium C _14-15 Paraffin Sulfonate 15.0 -- --

Magnesium C _14-16 Paraffin Sulfonate -- -- --

With 3mol ethoxylated oxide

Ethoxylated Sulfated

Sodium salt of coconut alcohol -- 15.0 10.0

Sodium coconut glyceryl ether sulfonate 5.0 -- --

Magnesium Coconut Glyceryl Ether Sulfonate -- 5.0 --

C _12-14 fatty acid N-methyl

Glucosamide 10.0 3.0 10.0

Dimethyldodecylamine Oxide 4.0 4.0 2.0

C _12-14 acylamidopropyl

Dimethylbetaine -- 5.0 --

Triethanolamine 3.5 3.5 3.5

Ethanol 5.0 5.0 5.0

Carbopol 616 1.0 -- --

617 -- 2.0 --Carbopol

617 -- 2.0 --

Water and mixture (perfume, dye, etc.) The balance makes it 100%

Example Ⅷ

Another method for preparing the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides used in the present invention is described below. The reaction mixture used consisted of 84.87 g fatty acid methyl ester (source: Procter & Gamble methyl ester CE1270), 75 g N-methyl-D-glucosamine (source: Aldrich Chemical Company M4700-0), 1.04 g sodium methoxide (source: Aldrich Chemical Company 16499-2), and 68.51g of methanol. The reaction vessel contained a standard reflux unit equipped with a drying tube, condenser and stir bar. In this method, N-methylglucamine is mixed with methanol under argon atmosphere with stirring and heating is initiated with thorough mixing (stir bar; reflux). After 15-20 min, when the solution had reached the desired temperature, the ester and sodium methoxide catalyst were added. Samples were taken periodically to monitor the progress of the reaction, but it was noted that the solution became completely clear by 63.5 min. It can be judged that the reaction is actually almost complete by this point. The reaction mixture was kept at reflux for 4 hr. After removal of the methanol, the recovered crude product weighed 156.16 g. After vacuum drying and purification, a total yield of 106.92 g of pure product was recovered. However, the percent yield was not calculated from this because periodic sampling rendered the overall percent yield value meaningless. The reaction can be carried out at 80% and 90% reaction concentration for up to 6 months, and the content of by-products in the generated product is very small.

The following are examples only, and are not intended to be limiting, of preparation techniques which are considered by formulators as an additional aspect in the preparation of various detergent compositions using polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

It is not difficult to understand that polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have certain instability due to the amide bonds in them under strong alkali or strong acid conditions. These materials are preferably not exposed to pH values greater than 11, preferably not greater than 10, or less than 3 for an unduly prolonged period, although some decomposition may be tolerated. The final product (liquid) typically has a pH of 7.0-9.0.

During the preparation of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, it is generally necessary to at least partially neutralize the base catalyst used to form the amide bond. While any acid can be used for this purpose, detergent formulators recognize that the acid employed is a simple acid if it can provide an anion that is a useful and desirable anion in the detergent composition being made. convenient substance. For example, citric acid can be used for neutralization, and the resulting citrate ions (about 1%) can remain in about 40% polyhydroxy fatty acid amide slurry and can be pumped into the later preparation steps in the overall detergent preparation process. Acidic substances such as oxydisuccinates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylenediaminetetraacetates, tartrates/succinates and the like may also be used.

Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from coconut alkyl fatty acids (predominantly C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ ) are more soluble than their tallow alkyl (predominantly C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ ) counterparts. Thus, the _C12 - _C14 materials are somewhat easier to formulate into liquid compositions and are more soluble in cold wash liquids. However, C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ materials are also quite useful, especially in the case of using warm wash water. Indeed, _C16 - _C18 materials can be better detersive surfactants than their _C12 - _C14 counterparts. Therefore, when selecting a specific polyhydroxy fatty acid amide for a given formulation, the formulator wishes to strike a balance between ease of preparation and performance in use.

It will also be appreciated that by imparting some unsaturation and/or branching to the fatty acid portion of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, the solubility of the amide can be enhanced. Thus, materials such as the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from oleic and isostearic acids are more soluble than their N-alkyl counterparts.

Likewise, the solubility of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from disaccharides, trisaccharides, etc. is often greater than that of their monosaccharide counterparts. This higher solubility is especially useful when formulating liquid compositions. In addition, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, the polyhydroxyl groups of which are derived from maltose, have been shown to work particularly well in combination with conventional alkylbenzenesulfonate ("LAS") surfactants. Without being bound by theory, it appears that LAS, in combination with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from higher polysaccharides such as maltose, greatly and unexpectedly lowers interfacial tension in aqueous media, thereby enhancing net removal. Scale performance (the preparation process of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from maltose will be described later).

The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be prepared not only from pure sugars but also from hydrolyzed starches such as corn starch, potato starch or any other convenient plant-derived starch containing mono- or di-isosaccharides as desired by the formulator. From an economic point of view, this aspect is important. Thus, "high dextrose" corn syrup, "high maltose" corn syrup, etc. can be conveniently and economically utilized. Delignified, hydrolyzed cellulose pulp can also provide a source of raw material for the preparation of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

From the above, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides derived from higher carbohydrates such as maltose, lactose, etc., are more soluble than their glucose-derived counterparts. Furthermore, it appears that the more soluble polyhydroxy fatty acid amides contribute to the solubility of their less soluble congeners to varying degrees. Thus, a formulator may choose to use an ingredient that contains, for example, high dextrose corn syrup, but choose a syrup that contains a small amount of maltose (eg, 1% or more). The resulting polyhydroxy fatty acid mixture generally exhibits more preferred solubility characteristics over a wider temperature and concentration range than "pure" glucose-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amides. Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides prepared from mixed sugars thus offer many performance and/or ease of formulation advantages in addition to any economical advantage of using a mixture of sugars rather than pure sugar reactants. In some cases, however, there is some loss of degreasing properties (dishwashing) at fatty acid maltamide levels above about 25%, and some loss of foaming properties at levels above about 33% (the stated percentages refer to mixtures Percentage of maltamide-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amides to glucose-derived polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.) This can vary slightly, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid moiety. Thus, the formulator who typically chooses to use such a mixture may find that the selected polyhydroxy fatty acid amide mixture contains a ratio of monosaccharides (such as glucose) to di- and polysaccharides (such as maltose) in the range of about 4:1 to 99:1. , the effect is better.

The preferred, non-cyclized polyhydroxy fatty acid amides can be prepared from fatty esters and N-alkyl polyols in an alcoholic solvent at about 30-90°C, preferably about 50-80°C. It has been determined that, for those who formulate e.g. liquid detergents, it may be more convenient to carry out the above process in 1,2-propanediol solvent, because the diol solvent does not need to be completely removed from the reaction product first, and then the reaction product Used in final detergent formulations. Likewise, those formulating detergent compositions as solids, generally granular, may find that, at 30-90°C, in the presence of ethoxylated alcohols such as ethoxylated (EO3-8) C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ alcohols ( It is convenient to carry out the process in solvents such as those commercially available from NEODOL 23EO6.5 (Shell). If such ethoxylates are used, preferably they will not contain substantial amounts of unethoxylated alcohols and more preferably will not contain substantial amounts of monoethoxylated alcohols (designated "T").

Although the preparation of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides does not per se form part of the invention, the formulator may also be aware of other synthetic methods of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides as described below.

Typically, an industrial scale reaction sequence for the preparation of the preferred acyclic polyhydroxy fatty acid amides involves:

Step 1-Using the desired sugar or sugar mixture, making the sugar and N-alkylamine generate adducts, and then reacting with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to prepare N-alkyl polyhydroxylamine derivatives; Step 2 - Reaction of the aforementioned polyhydroxylamines with preferably aliphatic esters to form an amide bond. While the series of N-alkylpolyhydroxylamines used in step 2 of the reaction sequence can be prepared by various methods disclosed in the prior art, the following methods are convenient and economical starting from syrups. Understandably, to obtain the best results with such syrup raw materials, manufacturers should select syrups which are fairly light in color or preferably nearly colorless ("water white").

Preparation of N-Alkyl Polyhydroxylamines from Plant-Derived Syrups

Ⅰ Preparation of adducts - The following is a standard method in which about 420 g of about 55% glucose solution (corn syrup - about 231 g glucose - about 1.28 mol) is mixed with about 119 g of about 50% methylamine (59.5 g methylamine - 1.92mol) aqueous solution reaction. The Gardner color of the above glucose solution is less than 1. The methylamine (MMA) solution was purged and blanketed with _N2 and cooled to about 10 °C or lower. The corn syrup was purged and shaded with _N2 at about 10-20°C. The corn syrup was slowly added to the MMA solution at the indicated reaction temperature. The Gardner shade was measured at an approximate time expressed in min.

Table I

Time (min) 10 30 60 120 180 240

Reaction temperature.°C Gardner color (approx.)

0 1 1 1 1 1 1

20 1 1 1 1 1 1

30 1 1 2 2 4 5

50 4 6 10 - - -

As shown in the above data, as the temperature rises above about 30°C and about 50°C, the Gardner color of the adduct becomes poorer, and the time for the Gardner color of the adduct to be less than 7 is only about 30 minutes. For longer reactions and/or multiple deposits of the adduct, the reaction temperature should be below about 20°C. The better colored glucosamines should have a Gardner color of less than about 7, preferably less than about 4.

When lower temperatures are used to prepare the adduct, the time to reach a substantially equilibrium concentration of the adduct can be shortened by using a higher ratio of amine to sugar. At a molar ratio of amine to sugar of 1.5:1, equilibrium is reached in about 2 hr. at a reaction temperature of about 30°C. Under the same conditions, when the molar ratio is 1.2:1, the time is at least about 3 hr. In order to make the color of the adduct good, the amine/sugar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time should be selected in combination to achieve a substantially balanced conversion rate, such as higher than about 90%, preferably higher than about 95%, or even better A color of less than about 99% (based on sugar) and less than about 7, preferably less than 4, most preferably less than about 1.

At reaction temperatures below about 20°C, the colors of the MMA adduct (after at least about 2 hrs substantially equilibrated) using the above method and corn syrup with the different Gardner colors shown are shown below.

Table 2

Gardner shade (approximate)

Corn Syrup 1 1 1 1+ 0 0 0+

Additions 3 4/5 7/8 7/8 1 2 1

As indicated above, in order to produce an acceptable, consistent color adduct, the sugar starting material must be very nearly colorless. When the Gardner color of the sugar is about 1, adducts are sometimes acceptable and sometimes not. When the Gardner color is greater than 1, the resulting adducts are not acceptable. The better the starting color of the sugar, the better the color of the adduct.

II Hydrogenation Reaction - The aforementioned adduct having a Gardner color of 1 or less was subjected to hydrogenation according to the following method.

About 539 g of the adduct in water and about 23.1 g of United Catalyst G49B Ni catalyst were charged to a 1 liter autoclave and purged twice with 200 psig _H2 at about 20 °C. The _H2 pressure was raised to about 1400 psig and the temperature was raised to about 50°C. The pressure is then raised to about 1600 psig and the temperature is maintained at about 50-55°C for about 3 hr. At this point the product is about 95% hydrogenated. Then the temperature was raised to about 85° C. for about 30 minutes, and then the reaction mixture was decanted to filter out the catalyst. After distilling off the water and MMA, the product is about 95% N-methylglucamine as a white powder.

Using about 23.1 g of Raney Ni catalyst, the above procedure was repeated with the following changes. The catalyst was washed 3 times, the reactor containing the catalyst was purged with 200 psig H ₂ , pressurized to 1600 psig with H ₂ , held for 2 hr., vented for 1 hr., and repressurized to 1600 psig. The adduct was pumped into the reactor at 20°C with a reactor pressure of 200 psig and the reactor was purged with 200 psig _H2 , etc., as described above.

The product produced each time was greater than about 95% N-methylglucamine; the Ni content was less than about 10 ppm (based on glucosamine); and the solution color was less than about Gardner 2.

The color of crude N-methylglucamine is stable when exposed to 140°C for a short period of time.

It is important to obtain a good adduct having a lower sugar content (less than about 5%, preferably less than about 1%) and better color (less than about 7, preferably less than about 4 Gardner, most preferably less than about 1).

In another reaction, the adduct was prepared starting with about 159 g of an aqueous solution containing about 50% methylamine and purged and blanketed with _N₂ at about 10-20°C. About 330 g of about 70% corn syrup (approximately water-white) was degassed with _N2 at about 50°C and added slowly to the methylamine solution at a temperature below about 20°C. The solution was mixed for about 30 minutes to give about 95% adduct as a very pale yellow solution.

About 190 g of the adduct and water and about 9 g of United Catalyst G49B Ni catalyst were charged to a 200 ml autoclave and purged 3 times with _H2 at about 20°C. The hydrogen pressure was raised to about 200 psi and the temperature was raised to about 50°C. The pressure was raised to 250 psi and the temperature was maintained at about 50-55°C for about 3 hr. The product (about 95% of which was hydrogenated at this time) was heated to about 85°C for about 30 minutes. After dehydration and evaporation, the product was about 95% N-methylglucamine, a white powder.

To minimize the Ni content in glucosamine, it is important to minimize the contact between the adduct and the catalyst when the _H2 pressure is below about 1000 psig. In this reaction, the Ni content in N-methylglucamine was about 100 ppm, while in the previous reaction, the Ni content was less than 10 ppm.

The following reaction with _H2 was used directly to compare the effect of reaction temperature.

Using a 200 ml autoclave reactor, hydrogenation reactions were carried out at various temperatures following typical reaction procedures similar to those described above for the preparation of adducts.

About 420 g of about 55% dextrose (corn syrup) solution (231 g glucose; 1.28 mol) (the solution was prepared with 99DE corn syrup from CarGill, the solution color is less than Gardner 1) and about 119 g of 50% methylamine (59.5 g MMA; 1.92 mol) (from Air Products) to make an adduct for the preparation of glucosamine.

The reaction process is as follows:

1. Add about 119 g of 50% methylamine solution to a _N2 purged reactor, protect with _N2 and cool to less than about 10°C.

2. Degas and/or purge 55% corn syrup with _N2 at 10-20°C to remove oxygen from the solution.

3. Slowly add the corn syrup solution to the methylamine solution, keeping the temperature below about 20°C.

4. Once all of the corn syrup solution is added, stir for about 1-2 hr.

After the adduct is made, it can be used for hydrogenation reaction immediately, or stored at low temperature to prevent further degradation.

The hydrogenation reaction of glucosamine adducts is as follows:

1. To a 200ml autoclave add about 134g of adduct (color less than about Gardner 1) and about 5.8g of G49B Ni.

2. At about 20-30°C, purge the reaction mixture twice with about 200 psi _H2 .

3. Fill _H2 to a pressure of about 400psi, and raise the temperature to about 50°C.

4. Increase the pressure to about 500psi, and react for about 3hr. Keep the temperature at about 50-55°C. Take sample 1.

5. Raise the temperature to about 85°C for about 30 minutes.

6. Decant and filter off the Ni catalyst. Take sample 2.

Constant temperature reaction conditions:

1. Add about 134g of adduct and about 5.8g of G49B Ni to a 200ml autoclave.

2. Purge twice with 200 psi _H2 at low temperature.

3. Fill _H2 to a pressure of about 400psi, and raise the temperature to about 50°C.

4. Increase the pressure to about 500psi, and react for about 3.5hr. Keep the temperature at the specified temperature.

5. Decant and filter off the Ni catalyst. Take sample 3 at about 50-55°C; take sample 4 at about 75°C; take sample 5 at about 85°C (reaction time at about 85°C is about 45min)

All experiments obtained N-methylglucamine of similar purity (about 94%); the Gardner color of each experiment measured immediately after the reaction was the same, but only the color stability of the two-stage heat treatment was better; it was carried out at 85°C The color of the test after the immediate reaction is the critical color.

Example IX

The tallow (hardened) fatty acid amide of N-methylmaltamine for use in the detergent compositions of the present invention is prepared as follows:

Step 1 - Reactants: Maltose monohydrate (Aldrich, lot 01318KW); Methylamine (40% in water) (Aldrich, lot 03325TM); Raney nickel, 50% slurry (UAD52-73D, Aldrich, lot 12921LW).

The reactants were added to a glass cannula (250g glucose, 428g methylamine solution, 100g catalyst slurry - 50g Raney Ni), placed in a 3l swinging autoclave, with _N2 (3 x 500psig) and _H2 (2 x 500psig) Purge, room temperature, swing in _H2 , and swing over the weekend at 28°C-50°C. The crude reaction mixture was vacuum filtered twice through a glass microfiber filter with a silica gel plug. The filtrate was concentrated to a sticky mass. This material was dissolved in methanol, the last limited amount of water was distilled off azeotropically, and the methanol/water was removed on a rotary evaporator. Final drying is performed under high vacuum. The crude product was dissolved in refluxing methanol, filtered, recrystallized by cooling, filtered, and the filter cake was vacuum-dried at 35°C. Labeled as #1. The filtrate was concentrated until precipitation began to precipitate, and placed in the refrigerator overnight. The solid was filtered off, dried in vacuo and designated as #2. The filtrate was then concentrated to half its volume and recrystallized. Only a small amount of precipitate precipitated out. A small amount of ethanol was added and the solution was kept in the refrigerator over the weekend. The solid was filtered off and dried in vacuo. The mixed solids included N-methylmaltamine used in step 2 of the total synthesis.

Step 2 - Reactants: N-methyl maltamine (from step 1); hardened tallow methyl ester; sodium methoxide (25% solution in methanol); anhydrous methanol (solvent); amine:ester molar ratio 1:1; The initial catalyst content was 10mol% (w/r maltamine), which was increased to 20mol%; the solvent content was 50wt%.

Heat 20.36g of tallow methyl ester in a sealed bottle to its melting point (water bath), add it into a 250ml three-neck round bottom flask under mechanical stirring. The flask was heated to about 70°C to prevent solidification of the ester. Separately, 25.0 g of N-methyl maltamine was mixed with 45.36 g of methanol, and the resulting slurry was added to the tallow ester with good stirring. Add 1.51 g of 25% sodium methoxide in methanol. After 4 hr., the reaction mixture was still not clear, and an additional 10 mol% catalyst (20 mol% total) was added and the reaction was allowed to continue overnight (about 68°C), after which time the mixture cleared. The reaction flask was modified for distillation. The temperature was raised to 110°C. Distilled under normal pressure for 60min. High vacuum distillation was started again and continued for 14 min after which time the product was very thick. Keep it in the reaction flask at 110°C (external temperature) for 60min. The product was scraped from the flask and triturated in ether over the weekend. The ether was evaporated on a rotary evaporator, the product was placed in an oven overnight and ground to a powder. Any residual N-methylmaltamine was removed from the product using silica gel. Put the 100% methanol solution of the silica gel slurry into the funnel and wash it several times with 100% methanol. A concentrated sample of the product (20 g with 100 ml of 100% methanol) was placed on silica gel and eluted several times with vacuum and several methanol washes. The collected eluate was evaporated to dryness (rotary evaporator). Triturate overnight in ethyl acetate and filter to remove any residual tallow esters. The filter cake was vacuum dried overnight. The product is tallow alkyl N-methyl maltamide.

In another approach, step 1 of the above reaction sequence can be performed using commercially available corn syrup comprising glucose or a mixture of glucose and typically 5% or more maltose. The resulting polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and mixtures can be used in any detergent composition of the present invention.

In another approach, step 2 of the above reaction sequence can be carried out in 1,2-propanediol or NEODOL. It is handled by the formulator, and the propylene glycol or NEODOL does not need to be removed from the reaction product before being used to prepare the detergent composition. Similarly, citric acid can be used to neutralize the methoxide catalyst to generate sodium citrate, according to the wish of the preparer. The sodium citrate may remain in the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

Formulators of fabric laundering compositions which may conveniently contain soil release agents can choose from a wide variety of known materials (see e.g. US Pat. Other soil release materials that may be used include the nonionic oligoesterification reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising a source of C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy terminated polyethoxy units (e.g. CH ₃ [OCH ₂ CH ₂ ] ₁₆ OH), a source of terephthaloyl units (e.g., dimethyl terephthalate); a source of poly(oxyethyl)oxygen units (e.g., polyethylene glycol 1500); an oxygen a source of oxyisopropyloxy units (such as 1,2-propanediol); and a source of oxoethyleneoxy units (such as ethylene glycol), especially oxoethyleneoxy units combined with oxyisopropyl The oxygen unit molar ratio is at least about 0.5:1. The nonionic detergent has the general formula:

In the formula, R ¹ is a lower (such as C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, especially methyl; x and y are each an integer from about 6 to about 100; m is an integer from about 0.75 to about 30; n is about 0.25 - an integer of about 20; R ² is a mixture of H and CH ₃ such that the molar ratio of oxoethylene oxide to oxoisopropyl oxygen is at least about 0.5:1.

Another preferred type of soil release agent for use herein is the generally anionic type described in US 4,877,896, except that the agent is substantially free of HOROH monomers wherein R is propylene or higher alkyl. Thus, the detergents of US4877896 may include, for example, the reaction product of dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, and 3-sodiosulfobenzoic acid, while other detergents may include, for example, Reaction product of dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, 5-sodiosulfoisophthalate and 3-sodiosulfobenzoic acid. These agents are preferably used in granular fabric detergents.

Formulators may also determine that it is beneficial to include a non-perborate bleach, especially in heavy duty granular fabric detergents. Various peroxide bleaches are commercially available and can be used in the present invention, but percarbonate is convenient and economical among them. Therefore, the composition of the present invention may contain a solid percarbonate bleach, usually in the form of its sodium salt, incorporated in an amount of 3-20 wt%, preferably 5-18%, most preferably 8-15% ( by weight of the composition).

Sodium percarbonate is an additive compound with a molecular formula corresponding to 2Na ₂ CO ₃ ·3H ₂ O ₂ and is available as a crystalline solid. More commercially available materials include a low level of heavy metal chelating agent such as EDTA, 1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or an aminophosphonate, which is added during preparation. For use herein, the percarbonate salts can be incorporated into detergent compositions without additional protection, but a stabilized form of the material (FMc) is used in the preferred embodiment of the invention. Although various coatings can be used, the most economical is sodium silicate with a SiO ₂ : Na ₂ O ratio of 1.6:1-2.8:1, preferably 2.0:1, used in aqueous solution, and the silicate solid content after drying is 2-10wt% (generally 3-5wt%) of the weight of percarbonate. Magnesium silicate may also be used and a chelating agent such as one of the above may also be included in the coating.

The particle size of the percarbonate crystals is 350-450 microns, with an average of about 400 microns. When coating, the grain size is 400-600 microns.

Although heavy metals in the sodium carbonate used to make the percarbonate can be controlled by including a chelating agent in the reaction mixture, the percarbonate still requires protection from heavy metals present as impurities in other components of the product. It has been found that, to avoid unacceptably adverse effects on percarbonate stability, the total content of iron, copper and manganese ions in the product should not exceed 25 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm.

A modern concentrated fabric detergent granule is as follows.

Example X

Composition wt%

C _14-15 alkyl alcohol sulfonic acid 13

C _14-15 alkyl polyethoxy (2.25) sulfonic acid 5.60

C _12-13 alkyl polyethoxylate (6.5) 1.45

C _12-14 Fatty Acid N-Methyl Glucamide 2.50

Sodium aluminosilicate (type A zeolite; 2-5μ) 25.2

Layered crystalline silicate builder ¹ 23.3

Citric acid 10.0

Sodium carbonate makes washing pH=9.90

Sodium polyacrylate (m.w.2000-4500) 3.2

Diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid 0.45

Savinase ² 0.70

6-Nonanoylamido-6-oxo-peroxycaproic acid 7.40

Sodium perborate monohydrate 2.10

Nonyloxybenzenesulfonic acid 5.00

Brightener 0.10

1. Layered silicate builders are known from the prior art. Preference is given to layered sodium silicates. See, for example, US 4,664,859, layered sodium silicate builders, published May 12, 1987, H.P. Rieck, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. A suitable layered silicate builder, SKS-6, is commercially available from Hoechst.

2. Available from Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen.

Highly preferred particulates of the foregoing type are those comprising from about 0.0001 to about 2% by weight active enzyme and at least about 1% of said polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, most preferably wherein the cationic surfactant is other than an alkylbenzene sulfonate surface active agent.

Although the compositions provided by the present invention can be used in various washing modes, they are preferably used for washing dishes and the like. Some preferred dishwashing liquids of the present invention are specified below.

Example XI A-D

The following examples illustrate light duty liquid detergent compositions which are particularly suitable for dishwashing and other hard surface cleaning applications. In Examples AD, the surfactants include various alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants which, in standard terms, are simplified to indicate their average degree of ethoxylation; thus, C _12-13 EO (0.8 ) Sulfate refers to a sulfated C _12-13 mixed alcohol fraction with an average degree of ethoxylation of 0.8. The ethoxysulfates of these anions are best used in their Na ⁺ or NH + ₄ salt form. C _12-13 amine oxide is a mixed C _12-13 (average) dimethylamine oxide. C _12-14 AP betaine is C _12/14 H _25/29 CONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ H. C _12-14 AP thiobetaine is C _12/14 H _25/29 CONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CH(OH)CH ₂ SO ₃ H. C _12-14 DM betaine is C _12/14 H _25/29 N ⁺ (CH ₃ ) ₂ CH ₂ CO ₂ H. Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants designated C _9-1 EO (8) refer to C ₉ -C ₁₁ alcohols which are ethoxylated with an average of 8 moles of ethylene oxide. Ca ⁺⁺ and Mg ⁺⁺ cations are conveniently added to the composition in the form of _CaCl2 and _MgCl2 . The balance of the composition comprises water and citrate/propylene glycol (1-5%) present in the glucamide surfactant and 1-3% cumene sulfonate or xylene sulfonate co-solvent . The pH is generally 6.8-7.4 (NH+ ₄ salts) or 7-8.2 (Na ⁺ salts).

Composition wt%

A B C D

C _12-14 N-Methyl Glucamide 11 8 12.7 9

C _12-13 EO (0.8) sulfate - 16 10.0 9

C _12-14 EO(3) sulfate 11 - 2.7 14

C _12-13 EO (6.5) sulfate - - - 3

C _12-14 AP betaine - - 2 -

C _12-14 AP Thiobetaine - - - 1.0

C _12-13 amine oxide 2.5 - - 1.0

C _12-14 DM betaine - 2.0 - -

C _9-1 EO (8) 0.5 8 7 -

Ca ⁺⁺ - - 0.5 1.0

Mg ⁺⁺ 0.9 0.25 - -

surplus component surplus surplus surplus surplus surplus

Example XII

In any of the above examples, the fatty acid glucamide surfactant may be replaced by an equivalent amount of maltamide surfactant derived from a vegetable sugar source, or a mixture of glucamide/maltamide surfactants.

The use of ethanolamide in the composition appears to contribute to the stability of the finished formulation at low temperatures. In addition, the use of thiobetaine (also called "sultaine") surfactants provides the best foaming performance.

Example XIII A-D

Composition wt%

A B C D

C _12-14 Alkyl Ethoxy

Sulfate (1EO) 16 9 12 -

C _12-14 Alkyl Ethoxy

Sulphate (3EO) - 14 - 11

C ₁₀ Alkyl Ethoxylates

(8EO) 7 3 7 1

C _12-14 N-Methyl Glucamide 8 9 12 6

Coconut Diethanolamide - - - 5

Dimethyldodecylamine Oxide - 1 - 2

Cocamidopropyl Hydroxy

Thiobetaine - 1 3 -

Cocamidopropylbetaine 2 - - -

Mg ²⁺ - - 1 1

Ca ²⁺ 0.5 1 - -

Sodium tosylate 3 3 3 3

Ethanol 4 4 4 4

water balance

As indicated above, the absence of suds suppressors is preferred for compositions where high sudsing properties are particularly desired (eg, dishwashing). Since _C14 and higher fatty acids can act as suds suppressors, preferably less than about 5%, preferably less than about 2%, and most preferably substantially free of _C14 or higher fatty acids, are present in dishwashing compositions of fatty acids. Accordingly, those formulating high foaming compositions wish to avoid adding suds suppressing amounts of such fatty acids to such compositions along with the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, and/or to avoid the formation of _C14 and higher fatty acids during storage of the finished composition . A simple approach is to prepare polyhydroxy fatty acid amides from _C12 ester reactants. Fortunately, some of the antifoam effects caused by fatty acids can be overcome with amine oxide or thiobetaine surfactants.

Formulators wishing to add anionic optical brighteners to liquid detergents containing relatively high concentrations (eg, 10% and higher) of anionic or polyanionic ingredients such as polycarboxylate builders may find it difficult to combine brighteners with Water and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are premixed and added to the final composition, preferably.

Polyglutamic acid or polyaspartic acid dispersants may be advantageously used with zeolite-type detergents.

Those of ordinary skill in the chemical arts will appreciate that the preparation of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the present invention with dimonyl and polysaccharides such as maltose will result in the straight chain substituent Z in the produced polyhydroxy fatty acid amide being "capped" by the polyhydroxy ring structure. ". These materials are duly considered useful in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed and claimed invention.

Claims (20)

1, a kind of detergent composition comprises a kind of surfactant mixture of 5-65wt%, and this mixture contains:

(a) anion sulfate of one or more of 5-95wt% or sulfosalt surfactant;

(b) polyhydroxy fatty acid amide of one or more of 5-95wt%, its general formula is:

R in the formula ¹Be H, C ₁-C ₄Alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or their mixture, R ²-C ₅-C ₃₁Alkyl, Z are a band straight-chain alkyl and at least 3 direct coupled polyhydroxy alkyl or its epoxy group(ing) derivatives of hydroxyl; It is characterized in that:

(c) 1-20wt%'s is selected from amine oxide; Betaine; A kind of Babassuamidopropylamine of sulfo-betaine and non-ionic compound, non-ionic compound wherein is selected from polyethylene oxide, poly(propylene oxide), the polybutylene oxide condenses of alkylphenol, the alkyl ethoxylated condensation product of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and oxyethane, the hydrophobic body that forms by propylene oxide and propylene glycol condensation and the condensation product of oxyethane, the reaction product of propylene oxide and quadrol and the condensation product of oxyethane, alkyl polysaccharide, fatty acid amide and their mixture.

2, according to the composition of claim 1, wherein detergent composition is a liquid form, and comprises the surfactant mixture of 10-50wt% and the liquid vehicle of 90-50wt%.

3, according to the composition of claim 2, wherein surfactant mixture contains anion sulfate or the sulfonate composition of 20-80wt%, the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide composition of 20-80wt% and the Babassuamidopropylamine of 5-20wt%.

4, according to the composition of claim 3, wherein liquid vehicle contains water and C ₁-C ₄The mixture of single hydroxyl alcohol.

5, according to the composition of claim 4, R wherein ¹Be-C ₁-C ₂Alkyl, R ²Be the C of a straight chain ₉-C ₁₇Alkyl or alkenyl or their mixture.

6, according to the composition of claim 5, wherein the counter ion of anion surfactant is selected from sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, alkanol ammonium and their mixture.

7, according to the composition of claim 6, wherein composition contains a kind of solubility promoter of 2-5wt% in addition.

8, according to the composition of claim 7, wherein washing composition contains one or more extra negatively charged ion or nonionogenic tenside.

9, composition according to Claim 8, wherein Babassuamidopropylamine is selected from oxidation C ₁₀-C ₁₈Alkyl dimethylamine, oxidation C ₁₀-C ₁₈Acyl group acid amides alkyl dimethylamine, betaine, sulfo-betaine, the condensation product of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and oxyethane, alkyl polysaccharide and their mixture.

10, according to the composition of claim 9, wherein liquid detergent composition contains the surfactant mixture of 15-40wt% and the liquid vehicle of 85-60wt%.

11, according to the composition of claim 10, wherein liquid vehicle is to contain water and alcoholic acid mixture.

12, according to the composition of claim 1, wherein the general formula of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide is:

R in the formula ²It is straight chain C ₁₁-C ₁₇Alkyl or alkenyl.

13, according to the composition of claim 1, wherein about polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, Z is derived from glucose or maltose or their mixture.

14, according to the composition of claim 1, Z wherein derived from monose, disaccharides and optionally, the mixture of polysaccharide, this mixture contains the disaccharides of the 1wt% that has an appointment at least, and can obtain from plant-sourced.

15,, wherein there is not the C of suds suppressor amount basically according to the composition of claim 1 ₁₄Higher fatty acid more.

16, according to the composition of claim 2, wherein contain viscosifying agent in addition.

17, according to the composition of claim 15, wherein contain viscosifying agent in addition.

18, a kind of method of cleaning dirty bowl dish wherein makes dirty bowl dish contact with a detergent composition significant quantity, that contain the 5-65wt% surfactant mixture, and described mixture contains:

(a), the anion sulfate of one or more of 5-95wt% or sulfosalt surfactant;

(b), one or more the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide of 5-95wt%, its general formula is:

R in the formula ¹Be H, C ₁-C ₄Alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, or their mixture, R ²Be-C ₅-C ₃₁Alkyl, Z be a band straight-chain alkyl and at least 3 hydroxyls directly with the polyhydroxy alkyl that links to each other or its epoxy group(ing) derivative; It is characterized in that:

(c), 1-20wt%, be selected from amine oxide; Betaine; A kind of Babassuamidopropylamine of sulfo-betaine and non-ionic compound, described non-ionic compound is selected from polyethylene oxide, poly(propylene oxide) and the polybutylene oxide condenses of alkylphenol, the alkyl ethoxylated condensation product of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and oxyethane, the hydrophobic body that forms by propylene oxide and propylene glycol condensation and the condensation product of oxyethane, the reaction product of propylene oxide and quadrol and the condensation product of oxyethane, alkyl polysaccharide, fatty acid amide and their mixture.

19, method according to claim 18, the wherein R in the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide ²Be C ₁₁-C ₁₇Alkyl or alkenyl, and Z is derived from the glucose that obtains from plant-sourced, maltose or derivatives thereof.

20,, wherein there is not the C of suds suppressor amount in the detergent composition basically according to the method for claim 18 ₁₄Higher fatty acid more.