CN106069008B - Breeding method of a new variety of high-quality red amaranth - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and discloses a breeding method for a new variety of high-quality red amaranth. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a farm variety of Guangdong red amaranth; The individual plant is optimized for the inverse index, and the leaf color is an important index in the early stage. The plant nursery is established for two generations a year, and then continuous selection is carried out to combine heat resistance, high yield, and low nitrate with leaf color to obtain stable yield and tolerance. A new variety of vegetable amaranth with good heat, rose-red and glossy color.

Description

Breeding method of a new variety of high-quality red amaranth

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and specifically relates to a breeding method for new varieties of high-quality red amaranth.

Background technique

Amaranth, Amaranthaceae, Amaranth is an annual herb, Latin name: Amaranthus tricolor, sturdy stem, green or red.

The body of amaranth is soft and smooth, with strong vegetable flavor, sweet and fragrant in the entrance, and has the effect of moistening the stomach and clearing heat. Also known as "crab dish", "nose dish", "nose dish". In some places, it is also known as Yuntiancai, Hancai, etc. Amaranth is rich in nutrients and contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and milling, and vitamins such as carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid. Can be fried or made soup, delicious.

Amaranth is suitable for a long sowing period and a wide variety of types, suitable for annual production; at the same time, amaranth has fewer diseases and insect pests, and is an ideal species for safe production of leafy vegetables in the pest-prone season (summer and autumn). Amaranth is a highly inbred plant with spike-like inflorescences. The inflorescences are small and have many flowers. It is difficult to emasculate and collect pollen, and the hybridization is difficult. Therefore, selection breeding methods are mostly used in amaranth breeding, which directly utilizes natural variation, that is, does not require artificial creation of new variation and selects from it and passes the breeding method of comparative experiment.

At present, the variety, yield and quality of amaranth in production are uneven, so breeding high-quality amaranth varieties is of great significance for local vegetable production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a breeding method for a new variety of high-quality red amaranth. The breeding method comprises the following steps:

(1) Introduction of the original variety - Guangdong farmhouse red amaranth;

(2) Screening of individual plants with variation of bright leaves: spring sowing the original varieties of imported farm red amaranth, and screening at least 3 generations of brightly colored individual plants to obtain stable color strains;

(3) heat resistance identification: carry out at least 3 generations of heat resistance identification and screening on the color-stable strain obtained in step (2) to obtain a heat-resistant stable strain;

(4) Screening of low-nitrate strains: Screen the heat-resistant stable strains screened in step (3) for at least 3 consecutive generations of low-nitrate individual strains in the middle and high generations, and control the nitrate content below 3000 mg/kg ;

(5) Directional selection of yield traits: the selection of yield traits is performed on the low-nitrate line of step (4) in high generation;

(6) Multi-point regional identification test and production test of new varieties.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the step (2) for the screening of individual plants with bright leaf variants specifically includes the following steps: sowing the original varieties in the seed selection garden, pulling out the dull or greenish individual plants at the seedling stage, and according to the following steps: With conventional fertilizer and water management, when the plants grow to 12cm, further color screening is carried out. If a rose-red and bright variant individual plant is found in the group, the surrounding plants are removed and harvested separately. Preferably, half of the received seeds of a single plant are divided for the identification of heat resistance in summer in step (3), and the other half of the seeds are preserved.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step (3), the high temperature ecological climate conditions in summer are used, and the greenhouse covering rain shelter cultivation technology is used to carry out the heat-resistant strains obtained in the step (2) for at least 3 generations or more. Sexual identification screening.

In the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in step (3), sowing is carried out in the greenhouse from July to August, the density is slightly lower than that of production, and the field is kept moist until the seedling emerges, and the sunshade is properly shaded; after the emergence of the seedling, choose a cloudy and rainy day to remove the sunshade , at 2-3 leaves, pull out the thin and diseased single plant and remove the crowded plants, so that there is a little distance between the single plants; when the single plant grows to more than 4 leaves, choose a sunny day at about 1 pm for heat-resistant single plant screening in the greenhouse , the leaf wilting degree is light or the single plant without wilting is listed, and in the subsequent growth process, the growth of the plant and the degree of heat wilting of the leaves are continuously observed, and finally a single plant with vigorous growth, light wilting or no wilting is selected, and harvested and threshed separately; Separate half of the seeds of the single plant received and save them, and repeat step (2) for the other half. At the same time, when the selected brightly colored single plant is 12 cm, collect 2-3 leaves of each plant to carry out step (4) nitrate determination. The selected single plant with bright color and nitrate content less than 3000mg/kg is listed and harvested seeds separately; half of the harvested seeds are separated and stored, and the other half is repeated step (3), and step (4) is carried out simultaneously; this work is repeated 3 years or more. When the flamboyant variant individual plant is selected for more than 4 generations, the directional selection of the yield trait in step (5) is added during the above-mentioned selection. The specific requirements are higher plant height per plant, slightly thicker stems, more leaves, larger leaf area, thicker leaves, and fewer or smaller axillary buds. Finally, a stable line with bright color, low nitrate content, good heat resistance and a certain high yield was obtained. Step (6) is performed after the variety comparison.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the screening of low-nitrate strains in the step (4) specifically includes the following steps: for a single plant that needs nitrate screening, when the plant grows to 12 cm, collect 2-3 leaves for Laboratory nitrate determination, the determination method is UV spectrophotometric determination of nitrate, and the single plant with nitrate content higher than 3000mg/kg is eliminated.

In the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the directional selection of the yield traits in the step (5) specifically requires that the plant height per plant is higher, the stem is slightly thicker, the number of leaves is larger, the leaf area is larger, the leaves are hypertrophic, and the axillary buds occur. less or smaller.

The above invention is suitable for the systematic breeding of red amaranth.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment method of a breeding method for a new variety of high-quality red amaranth of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The above solution will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings of the description. It should be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. The varieties used in the examples can be further adjusted according to the requirements of specific manufacturers, and the unremarked implementation conditions are usually the conditions in routine experiments.

Example 1 Breeding method of new varieties of high-quality red amaranth

(1) In the first year, the original species group - Guangdong farmhouse red amaranth was introduced;

(2) Screening of individual plants with bright colors and variations: In the second spring, using the low-temperature ecological and climatic conditions of early spring in Suzhou, and using greenhouse covering cultivation technology, the local resources of the imported red amaranth were sown in spring, and the individual plants with beautiful colors were selected for 3 generations to obtain stable color plants. Tie;

(3) Heat resistance identification: In the second summer, using the high temperature ecological climate conditions in the Suzhou area in summer, and adopting the greenhouse covering rain shelter cultivation technology, the obtained stable strains were subjected to three generations of heat resistance identification to obtain heat-resistant stable strains;

(4) Screening of low-nitrate strains: In the third and fourth years, the screened strains were screened for three consecutive generations of low-nitrate individual plants in the middle and high generations, and the nitrate content was controlled below 3000 mg/kg;

(5) Directional selection of yield traits: in the fourth year, the stable lines were selected for yield traits in high generation, mainly including plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf thickness, occurrence of axillary buds, etc.;

(6) Strain comparison test: In the fifth year, a completely randomized block design was adopted, with 7 participating strains, repeated 3 times, and the plot area was 6 m ² . The results are: Su Amaranth 1433 has the characteristics of rapid growth, beautiful color, less pests and diseases, heat resistance, higher yield and soft and glutinous taste. The per-plant weight of Su Amaranth 1433 is 2.88g, the edible part is about 2.23g, the vegetable cleaning rate is 77.5%, and the yield per mu of vegetable is 1040.37kg/666.67m ² . Strong heat resistance, no obvious disease. Vc49.63mg/100g, leaf anthocyanin content 444.54μmol/g, about 2.6 times that of the control; nitrate content 2130.00mg/kg, about 47.15% lower than the control;

(7) Multi-site regional identification test and production test of new varieties: The line participated in the regional test of amaranth in the sixth and seventh years, and four test sites were set up, namely Suzhou, Nanjing, Nantong and Yancheng. Completely randomized block groups were used. Design, repeat 3 times. The seed amount is 1.5kg/666.67m ² for sowing. The yield performance of the experimental sites in Suzhou, Nanjing, Nantong and Yancheng were as follows: the average yield in the first sowing date was 970.83kg/666.67m ² , and the control was 963.33kg/666.67m ² , an increase of 0.78% compared with the control, with no significant difference; the second sowing date The yield was 882.72kg/666.67m ² and the control was 830.99kg/666.67m ² , an increase of 6.23% compared with the control, and the difference was not significant; the yield in the third sowing stage was 981.11kg/666.67m ² , and the control was 963.89kg/666.67m ² , an increase of 1.79 compared with the control. %,The difference was not significant. Overall, the yield of this line was slightly higher than that of the control, ranking first in the color amaranth group. At the same time, the strain has good quality, good taste and high anthocyanin content, and is a vegetable with both health-care functions.

The line participated in the production test of amaranth varieties in Jiangsu Province, with a total of 3 sowing dates, corresponding to regional tests with different climatic characteristics. The amount of seeds used is 1.5kg/666.67m ² for sowing, and the yield performance is as follows: the yield of the first sowing date is 968.89kg/666.67m ² , the control is 894.45kg/666.67m ² , an increase of 8.32% compared with the control, and the difference is significant; the second sowing date is 855.56 kg/666.67m ² , the control 848.89kg/666.67m ² , the yield increased by 0.79% compared with the control, and the difference was not significant; the third sowing date was 835.90kg/666.67m ² , the control was 794.36kg/666.67m ² , which increased the yield by 5.23% compared with the control, with a difference of 5.23%. Not obvious. Overall, the yield of this line was slightly higher than that of the control, ranking first in the color amaranth group.

The above examples are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those who are familiar with the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement accordingly, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a breeding method for high-quality red amaranth new variety, is characterized in that, it comprises the steps: (1) Introduce the original variety group-Guangdong farmhouse red amaranth; (2) Screening of individual plants with bright leaves variation: Spring sowing the original varieties of imported farm red amaranth, and screening for at least 3 generations of brightly colored individual plants to obtain color-stable strains; screening of individual plants with brightly colored leaves, which specifically includes the following Steps: Sow the original variety in the seed selection garden, pull out the dull or green single plant at the seedling stage, follow the conventional fertilizer and water management, and perform further color screening when the plant grows to 12cm, and find the rose-red and bright variant single plant in the group , pull out the surrounding plants of the single plant, and harvest it separately; (3) Heat resistance identification: using the high temperature ecological climate conditions in summer, and adopting the greenhouse covering rain shelter cultivation technology, the color-stable strains obtained in step (2) are subjected to at least three generations of heat resistance identification and screening to obtain heat resistance. stable strains; The specific steps are: sow in the greenhouse from July to August, the density is slightly lower than that of production, keep the field moist until the seedlings emerge, and properly shade the sun; after the seedlings emerge, choose a cloudy and rainy day to remove the sunshade, and at the 2-3 leaves, the thin and weak diseases will be removed. When a single plant is pulled out and crowded plants are removed at the same time, there is a little distance between individual plants; when a single plant grows to more than 4 leaves, choose a sunny day around 1 pm for heat-resistant single plant screening in the greenhouse, and the leaves are slightly wilted or not wilted. The plant is listed, and the growth of the plant and the degree of heat wilting of the leaves are continuously observed in the subsequent growth process. Finally, a single plant with vigorous growth, light wilting or no wilting is selected, and harvested and threshed separately; the seeds of the single plant are divided into half and stored. , repeat step (2) for the other half, and at the same time when the selected brightly colored individual plant is 12 cm, collect 2-3 leaves per plant for step (4) nitrate determination, and the selected brightly colored and nitrate content is less than 3000mg The single plant of /kg is listed and separately harvested the seeds; the harvested seeds are divided into half and stored, and the other half is repeated in step (3), and step (4) is carried out at the same time; in the case of selecting more than 4 generations of the gorgeous mutant individual plant, when the above selection is performed Increase the directional selection of yield traits in step (5); (4) Screening of low-nitrate strains: Screen the heat-resistant stable strains screened in step (3) for at least 3 consecutive generations of low-nitrate individual strains in the middle and high generations, and control the nitrate content below 3000 mg/kg ; (5) Directional selection of yield traits: the selection of yield traits is performed on the low-nitrate line of step (4) in high generation; (6) Multi-point regional identification test and production test of new varieties. 2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, half of the seeds of a single plant received are divided to carry out the identification of heat resistance in summer in step (3), and the other half of the seeds are preserved. 3. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the low nitrate strain screening of described step (4), it specifically comprises the steps: for the individual plant that needs nitrate screening, treat that plant grows to 12cm 2-3 leaves were collected for laboratory nitrate determination, and the determination method was UV spectrophotometric determination of nitrate, and the individual plants with nitrate content higher than 3000 mg/kg were eliminated.