CN106035392A - 一种桃杏种子催芽剂 - Google Patents
一种桃杏种子催芽剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种桃杏种子催芽剂，由下列重量份的原料制成：甜菜渣24‑25、油枯13‑14、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸0.6‑0.8、磷酸二氢钾5‑7、木质素磺酸锌1.1‑1.3、三氧化二铝2‑3、新鲜紫茎泽兰39‑41、鲜牡蛎25‑28、铜绿假单胞菌菌剂2.3‑2.5、高温纤维分解菌菌剂1.0‑1.2、6mol/L盐酸溶液适量、水适量；本发明的催芽剂包含大量有机营养物质，可供种皮吸收利用，三氧化二铝的灼烧处理能有效的吸附桃杏种内因苦杏仁苷分解而产生的氢氰酸，从而解除其对种子萌发的抑制，提高发芽的统一性，有利于桃杏的经济化种植。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业催芽技术领域，尤其涉及一种桃杏种子催芽剂。
背景技术
随着农业的发展，种子的快速育苗成为提高农林牧经济作物产量的一个重要举措，而种子因外界环境的不适宜或自身生长不成熟，造成的种子休眠期长、发芽率低、出芽不整齐以及发芽质量低等情况，严重影响了后期作物的生长，并导致了生产周期长、产品质量不高等一系列问题，影响经济效益。而催芽剂能够有效的解决上述问题，但目前的催芽技术多采用植物生长调节剂进行催芽，不仅手段单一，同时没有针对各类种子的具体需求，无法对环境、种类等进行有效应变，造成了资源的浪费以及具体使用效果的不理想。
紫茎泽兰为多年生草本植物，是一种生命力强、繁殖迅速、又难以清除的恶性杂草，其通过根系分泌、降雨淋溶和残体分解向土壤释放化感物质，抑制其他植物生长，形成单优群落，造成农林牧业的减产，危害巨大。而目前对其的利用多集中在通过其化感作用进行杀菌或控制植物生长，对其的腐熟浸提液的研究和利用则相对较少。
多胺是存在于高等植物、真菌及原核生物体内具有生物活性的一类小分子脂肪族非蛋白含氮碱类化合物，在富含蛋白质的生物体内含量较高，多胺可以影响胚轴中RNA聚合酶的活性，通过促进蛋白质的合成而诱导种子萌发，令其在核酸和蛋白质水平上调节种子萌发。
由于腐熟紫茎泽兰浸提液富含腐植酸和氮、磷、钾、钙、镁及微量元素等有效养分，将其连同牡蛎中提取的多胺复配形成具有催芽效果的制剂，在农业育苗中具有极大的发展潜力，同时也为种子催芽育苗产业的规模化发展提供了新的技术措施。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种桃杏种子催芽剂。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种桃杏种子催芽剂，由下列重量份的原料制成：甜菜渣24-25、油枯13-14、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸0.6-0.8、磷酸二氢钾5-7、木质素磺酸锌1.1-1.3、三氧化二铝2-3、新鲜紫茎泽兰39-41、鲜牡蛎25-28、铜绿假单胞菌菌剂2.3-2.5、高温纤维分解菌菌剂1.0-1.2、6mol/L盐酸溶液适量、水适量。
所述的桃杏种子催芽剂制备方法的具体步骤如下：
（1）将新鲜紫茎泽兰用水冲洗后切碎，与甜菜渣、油枯混合投入堆肥池中，分别加入铜绿假单胞菌菌剂和高温纤维分解菌菌剂，并保持酵堆含水量在50-55%，沤制发酵20-22天，发酵结束后风干发酵料，粉碎后过1.0-1.2mm筛，得腐熟粉料备用；
（2）将牡蛎去壳取肉并搅碎，将肉末与6mol/L盐酸溶液按料液比1：1.5-1.6g/ml混合，加热至55-60℃后保温提取180-200分钟，之后将其置于离心机中，在3000-3100转/分下离心28-32分钟，离心完毕后过滤取上清液，调节PH至中性备用；
（3）将三氧化二铝在500-520℃下通气灼烧120-150分钟，冷却至室温后磨细成粉并与步骤1所得腐熟粉料、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸以及磷酸二氢钾混合并加入6-8倍混合料重量的水，加热至65-70℃反应45-48分钟，之后降至室温，加入木质素磺酸锌并搅拌8-10分钟，再用双层纱布过滤，得螯合营养液备用；
（4）将步骤2所得料液、步骤3所得螯合营养液以及其他剩余物料充分混合均匀，再加水将溶液稀释20-22倍，即得本发明种子催芽剂。
本发明的优点是：
本发明通过腐熟紫茎泽兰浸提液和牡蛎中提取的多胺复合配制，既能达到脱毒作用，又能合成刺激种子发芽和幼苗生长的活性物，促进了种子中的淀粉、蛋白质和肌醇磷酸盐水解，从而有助于种子胚乳中的大分子营养物质水解成为植物构建植物体所必需的小分子营养物质，从而诱导种子的萌发，而多胺氧化降解产生的H2O2通过参与细胞氧化还原状态的调节等作用来促进细胞壁成熟和硬化，进一步提高了种子的发芽率和幼苗生长速率。
本发明的催芽剂包含大量有机营养物质，可供种皮吸收利用，三氧化二铝的灼烧处理能有效的吸附桃杏种内因苦杏仁苷分解而产生的氢氰酸，从而解除其对种子萌发的抑制，提高发芽的统一性，有利于桃杏的经济化种植。
具体实施方式
一种桃杏种子催芽剂，由下列重量份（kg）的原料制成：甜菜渣24、油枯13、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸0.6、磷酸二氢钾5、木质素磺酸锌1.1、三氧化二铝2、新鲜紫茎泽兰39、鲜牡蛎25、铜绿假单胞菌菌剂2.3、高温纤维分解菌菌剂1.0、6mol/L盐酸溶液适量、水适量。
所述的桃杏种子催芽剂制备方法的具体步骤如下：
（1）将新鲜紫茎泽兰用水冲洗后切碎，与甜菜渣、油枯混合投入堆肥池中，分别加入铜绿假单胞菌菌剂和高温纤维分解菌菌剂，并保持酵堆含水量在50%，沤制发酵20天，发酵结束后风干发酵料，粉碎后过1.0mm筛，得腐熟粉料备用；
（2）将牡蛎去壳取肉并搅碎，将肉末与6mol/L盐酸溶液按料液比1：1.5g/ml混合，加热至55℃后保温提取180分钟，之后将其置于离心机中，在3000转/分下离心28分钟，离心完毕后过滤取上清液，调节PH至中性备用；
（3）将三氧化二铝在500℃下通气灼烧120分钟，冷却至室温后磨细成粉并与步骤1所得腐熟粉料、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸以及磷酸二氢钾混合并加入6倍混合料重量的水，加热至65℃反应45分钟，之后降至室温，加入木质素磺酸锌并搅拌8分钟，再用双层纱布过滤，得螯合营养液备用；
（4）将步骤2所得料液、步骤3所得螯合营养液以及其他剩余物料充分混合均匀，再加水将溶液稀释20倍，即得本发明种子催芽剂。
为了进一步说明本发明的应用价值，发明人选取一批桃树种子平均分为两组，一组作为对照组使用普通植物生长调节剂制成的催芽剂，另一组使用本发明催芽剂作为实验组，种子培养过程中温度控制在5-10℃，结果发现实验组种子较对照组提前5-6天发芽，且发芽率达到91%，而对照组只有83%，同时实验组的种子出芽整齐，种芽质量较对照组有显著提升，可见本发明催芽剂具有较好的使用效果。
Claims (2)
1.一种桃杏种子催芽剂，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：甜菜渣24-25、油枯13-14、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸0.6-0.8、磷酸二氢钾5-7、木质素磺酸锌1.1-1.3、三氧化二铝2-3、新鲜紫茎泽兰39-41、鲜牡蛎25-28、铜绿假单胞菌菌剂2.3-2.5、高温纤维分解菌菌剂1.0-1.2、6mol/L盐酸溶液适量、水适量。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的桃杏种子催芽剂，其特征在于，制备方法的具体步骤如下：
（1）将新鲜紫茎泽兰用水冲洗后切碎，与甜菜渣、油枯混合投入堆肥池中，分别加入铜绿假单胞菌菌剂和高温纤维分解菌菌剂，并保持酵堆含水量在50-55%，沤制发酵20-22天，发酵结束后风干发酵料，粉碎后过1.0-1.2mm筛，得腐熟粉料备用；
（2）将牡蛎去壳取肉并搅碎，将肉末与6mol/L盐酸溶液按料液比1：1.5-1.6g/ml混合，加热至55-60℃后保温提取180-200分钟，之后将其置于离心机中，在3000-3100转/分下离心28-32分钟，离心完毕后过滤取上清液，调节PH至中性备用；
（3）将三氧化二铝在500-520℃下通气灼烧120-150分钟，冷却至室温后磨细成粉并与步骤1所得腐熟粉料、羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸以及磷酸二氢钾混合并加入6-8倍混合料重量的水，加热至65-70℃反应45-48分钟，之后降至室温，加入木质素磺酸锌并搅拌8-10分钟，再用双层纱布过滤，得螯合营养液备用；
（4）将步骤2所得料液、步骤3所得螯合营养液以及其他剩余物料充分混合均匀，再加水将溶液稀释20-22倍，即得本发明种子催芽剂。
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