CN106024246A - 一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910020785 La—Ce Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料及其制备方法,所述的钕铁硼磁性材料由以下重量百分比的组分组成:钕30%、硼1%、镝2%、镨1%、锆2%、铜3%、钴2%、余量为铁。钕铁硼磁性材料的制备方法包括:配料;熔炼;氢碎;制粉;成型;烧结。本发明重新优化了钕铁硼磁性材料中各元素的配比含量,而且新添加了锆、钴元素;据研究表明,钴的加入可有效提高磁体的居里温度,钴存在于软磁相和硬磁相之间,不仅可以降低温度系数,还可以提高材料的耐蚀性。在NdFeB/FeB系合金中添加钴能提高Fe3B相的晶化温度,降低Nd2Fe14B的晶化温度,从而有利于获得均一的晶化析出相粒度分布。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
永磁材料的研究和应用历史源远流长,中国古代就曾用永磁体制造了“司南”用以辨别方向。进入近代产业革命后,永磁材料历经磁钢、永磁铁氧体、AlNiCo合金、SmCo系列合金、NdFeB永磁体等发展阶段。目前,以NdFeB为代表的稀土永磁材料是磁性能最高、应用最广的永磁材料。NdFeB系永磁体从发现至今,已有20余年的历史,目前已进入了大规模工业生产的阶段,然而对于钕铁硼合金的研究工作一直没有停止。许多学者和研究团队都花费很多精力来探索和研究钕铁硼合金磁性能的改善,包括提高其热稳定性、耐腐蚀性、可加工性和时效性。事实上,烧结NdFeB 系永磁体的磁性能还有待提高。在烧结钕铁硼的生产研究中,添加合金元素来改善磁体的磁性能是有效的途径之一。如中国专利申请号为201310064736.0公开了一种带有轻稀土元素的钕铁硼磁性材料及制备方法,是利用将轻稀土远(La-Ce)按一定比例添加到制造稀土永磁体材料中,提高稀土材料的利用率,降低稀土永磁体的制造成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新配方新配比含量的耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料及其制备方法。本发明通过调整钕铁硼磁性材料中各元素的配比以及添加新的元素,改善金相结构,从而获得各项性能更为稳定优良的磁性材料。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料,其由以下重量百分比的组分组成:钕30%、硼1%、镝2%、镨1%、锆2%、铜3%、钴2%、余量为铁。
一种制备上述的耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一配料,按照钕铁硼磁性材料中各组分的含量配比称量原材料;
步骤二熔炼,先将钕、镨于1100℃熔化,然后加入镝、铜于1500℃熔化,再加入硼、锆、钴、铁于2000℃熔化,接着将已经全部熔化的上述组分充分混合后浇铸冷却成钕铁硼块;
步骤三氢碎,将钕铁硼块放入氢碎装置,制得粒度为0.5mm以下的颗粒;
步骤四制粉,将氢碎好的颗粒进行气流磨制粉,粉末粒度达到1μm以下;
步骤五成型,将上述粉末在混料机中混合2小时以上,在恒定磁场环境中用模具压制成毛坯;
步骤六烧结,将毛坯在500℃真空条件下预烧2小时,再放入真空炉内于1200℃烧结4小时,然后回火至800℃保温2小时后,再于400℃保温2小时,即可得到耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料成品。
本发明的优点:
在本发明中,发明人重新优化了钕铁硼磁性材料中各元素的配比含量,而且新添加了锆、钴元素;据研究表明,锆的加入可以细化晶粒,提高磁体的矫顽力,可以增强硬磁相和软磁相之间的耦合作用,增强磁性材料的综合磁性能。钴的加入可有效提高磁体的居里温度,钴存在于软磁相和硬磁相之间,不仅可以降低温度系数,还可以提高材料的耐蚀性。在NdFeB/FeB系合金中添加钴能提高Fe3B相的晶化温度,降低Nd2Fe14B的晶化温度,从而有利于获得均一的晶化析出相粒度分布。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例:
一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料,其由以下重量百分比的组分组成:钕30%、硼1%、镝2%、镨1%、锆2%、铜3%、钴2%、余量为铁。
上述的耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一配料,按照钕铁硼磁性材料中各组分的含量配比称量原材料;
步骤二熔炼,先将钕、镨于1100℃熔化,然后加入镝、铜于1500℃熔化,再加入硼、锆、钴、铁于2000℃熔化,接着将已经全部熔化的上述组分充分混合后浇铸冷却成钕铁硼块;
步骤三氢碎,将钕铁硼块放入氢碎装置,制得粒度为0.5mm以下的颗粒;
步骤四制粉,将氢碎好的颗粒进行气流磨制粉,粉末粒度达到1μm以下;
步骤五成型,将上述粉末在混料机中混合2小时以上,在恒定磁场环境中用模具压制成毛坯;
步骤六烧结,将毛坯在500℃真空条件下预烧2小时,再放入真空炉内于1200℃烧结4小时,然后回火至800℃保温2小时后,再于400℃保温2小时,即可得到耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料成品。
Claims (2)
1. 一种耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料,其特征在于,其由以下重量百分比的组分组成:钕30%、硼1%、镝2%、镨1%、锆2%、铜3%、钴2%、余量为铁。
2. 一种制备如权利要求1所述的耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一配料,按照钕铁硼磁性材料中各组分的含量配比称量原材料;
步骤二熔炼,先将钕、镨于1100℃熔化,然后加入镝、铜于1500℃熔化,再加入硼、锆、钴、铁于2000℃熔化,接着将已经全部熔化的上述组分充分混合后浇铸冷却成钕铁硼块;
步骤三氢碎,将钕铁硼块放入氢碎装置,制得粒度为0.5mm以下的颗粒;
步骤四制粉,将氢碎好的颗粒进行气流磨制粉,粉末粒度达到1μm以下;
步骤五成型,将上述粉末在混料机中混合2小时以上,在恒定磁场环境中用模具压制成毛坯;
步骤六烧结,将毛坯在500℃真空条件下预烧2小时,再放入真空炉内于1200℃烧结4小时,然后回火至800℃保温2小时后,再于400℃保温2小时,即可得到耐腐蚀的钕铁硼磁性材料成品。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111933374A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-13 | 宁波元辰新材料有限公司 | 一种烧结钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 |
| CN113161093A (zh) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-07-23 | 宁波晟誉磁电科技有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼磁材及其制备方法 |
| CN115206665A (zh) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-18 | 宁波科宁达工业有限公司 | 钕铁硼永磁体及其制备方法 |
| CN116313353A (zh) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-06-23 | 包头天石稀土新材料有限责任公司 | 钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法 |
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| CN104575898A (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-29 | 三环瓦克华(北京)磁性器件有限公司 | 烧结钕铁硼稀土材料及其制造方法 |
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