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CN106016969B - 通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统和方法 - Google Patents

通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106016969B
CN106016969B CN201610321234.5A CN201610321234A CN106016969B CN 106016969 B CN106016969 B CN 106016969B CN 201610321234 A CN201610321234 A CN 201610321234A CN 106016969 B CN106016969 B CN 106016969B
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column
condenser
argon
pressure column
auxiliary
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CN106016969A (zh
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T·劳滕施莱格
S·洛赫纳
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/028—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/0285—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of argon
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    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
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    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract

用于在精馏塔系统中通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统和方法，所述系统包括高压塔(1)和低压塔(2)，作为冷凝器‑蒸发器构造的主冷凝器(3)和辅助塔(4)。气态含氧馏分(12)被引入辅助塔(4)。来自高压塔(1)、主冷凝器(3)或低压塔(2)的含氮气态流(19，20，20b)作为回流被供应到辅助塔(4)顶部。来自低压塔(2)的中间位置的富氩流(29)被引入至具有除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的除氩塔(5)。低压塔(2)设置在高压塔(1)的旁边，主冷凝器(3)设置在高压塔(1)上方，辅助塔(4)设置在主冷凝器(3)上方，除氩塔(5)设置在辅助塔(4)上方，并且除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)设置在除氩塔(5)上方。

Description

通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统和方法。
背景技术
在Hausen/Linde编写的“Tieftemperaturtechnik”[Low-temperaturetechnology](第2版，1985年)专著以及通过Latimer在Chemical Engineering Progress中的一篇文章(第63卷第2版，1967年，第35页)中已概括地描述了低温空气分离的原理，尤其是双塔系统的结构。双塔的高压塔和低压塔之间的换热关系通常由主冷凝器实现，在其中高压塔的塔顶气体与低压塔的蒸发的贮液槽液体相逆而被液化。
本发明的精馏塔系统原则上可构造为经典的具有高压塔和低压塔的双塔系统。除用于氮氧分离的两个分离塔之外，该系统可具有其它用于回收其它空气组分的装置，特别是稀有气体，例如氪氙回收。
本发明中主冷凝器被构造为冷凝器-蒸发器。换热器被指定为“冷凝器-蒸发器”，其中第一冷凝流体流进入，与第二蒸发流体流间接换热。每个冷凝器-蒸发器具有液化空间和蒸发空间，分别由液化通道和蒸发通道组成。在液化空间中，实施第一流体流的冷凝(液化)，并且在蒸发空间，实施第二流体流的蒸发。蒸发和液化空间由彼此具有换热关系的通道组形成。
在这种情况下，主冷凝器可被构造为单层或多层浸浴蒸发器，特别作为级联蒸发器(例如，EP1287302B1＝US6748763B2[Linde P00107]中描述的)，抑或作为降膜蒸发器。其可由设置在共用的压力容器中的单换热区段抑或由多换热区段形成。
“主换热器”用于冷却与来自精馏塔系统的回流间接换热的供给空气。其可由单换热区段或多个并联和/或串联的换热区段形成，例如由一个或多个塔板换热区段形成。分离的换热器不是主换热器的一部分，其尤其用于单股液体或超临界流体的蒸发或伪蒸发，无需加热和/或蒸发其它流体。
相对的空间表达方式“顶”、“底”、“上方”、“下方”、“在…上”、“在…下”、“旁”、“彼此相邻”、“垂直”、“水平”等，这里涉及标准操作中分离塔的空间方位。两个塔或设备部分“一个位于另一个之上”的设置在这里被理解为两个设备部分中较低者的上端位于两个设备部分中较高者的下端的更低或相等的地理学高度上，并且两个设备部分的投影在水平面上相交。特别地，两个设备部分被精确地设置成一个位于另一个之上，更确切地说，两个塔的轴在相同的垂直直线上。
开始提到的系统类型和相应的方法在DE1136355B中已知。
发明内容
本发明的目的是装配这种具有特别高产氧性能的系统，同时将该系统紧凑设计，以致尽可能是预制构件，然后运输到构造场地。为了这种运输，对于分离塔的高度(运输长度)和直径(运输宽度)有严格的限制。例如，塔的最大直径通常被规定为4.8m。
所述目标是通过根据本发明的系统和方法实现的。具体而言，使用除氩塔和辅助塔，并且以特别有利的方式建立所述塔。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统，具有
-高压塔和低压塔，
-主冷凝器，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述主冷凝器的液化空间被流体连接至高压塔的顶部，而所述主冷凝器的蒸发空间被流体连接至低压塔，
-连接至所述低压塔的氧产品管线，
-辅助塔，
-用于将气态馏分引入辅助塔之贮液槽部分的装置，所述气态馏分的氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量，并且具有
-用于将来自所述高压塔、主冷凝器或低压塔的液态流作为回流引入辅助塔顶部的回流液体管线，其中所述液态流的氮含量至少等于空气的氮含量，
其特征在于
-除氩塔，其被流体连接至所述低压塔的中间位置，
-除氩塔顶部冷凝器，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器的液化空间被流体连接至所述除氩塔的顶部，
-粗氧管线，其用于将液态粗氧从所述高压塔的贮液槽引入所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器的蒸发空间，并且
-塔如下构造，其中
-所述低压塔设置在所述高压塔的旁边，
-所述主冷凝器设置在所述高压塔上方，
-所述辅助塔设置在所述主冷凝器上方，
-所述除氩塔设置在所述辅助塔上方，并且
-所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器设置在所述除氩塔上方。
“除氩塔”这里表示用于氩氧分离的分离塔，其不用于回收纯氩产物，而用于从在高压塔和低压塔中分离的空气中去除氩。其中的连接仅稍微不同于粗氩塔，但它明显包含较少的理论塔板，即少于40，特别在15和30之间。由于具有粗氩塔，除氩塔的贮液槽区域被连接至低压塔的中间位置，并且除氩塔通过顶部冷凝器被冷却，在其蒸发侧，来自高压塔的膨胀贮液槽的液体被引入；除氩塔没有底部蒸发器。
在辅助塔中，供给空气的一部分，特别是既不流入高压塔也不流入低压塔的涡轮膨胀空气流的一部分被处理。
首先，为获得特别紧凑的系统，采用附加于惯用塔的双塔(即高压塔和低压塔)似乎是矛盾的。然而在本发明的上下文中，令人惊讶地发现总体得到了特别高的性能和好的降解能力。根据本发明的辅助塔、除氩塔和塔设置的组合带来特别有利的系统。
在辅助塔的顶部，优选地第一气态氮产物被回收，并且在低压塔的顶部，第二气态氮产物被回收。例如，这两种氮产物可以被结合并且在逆流式过冷器和热交换器中被共同加热至约环境温度。
在许多情况中，更有利的是使第一和第二塔顶馏分分别流入主换热器-即在分离的通道组中-并且在这种情况下相逆于高压塔的供给空气加热这些馏分。然后，例如低压塔的顶部可在特别低的压力下操作，例如1.0至1.6巴，其中在辅助塔的顶部，存在1.1至1.7巴高的压力，比前者高约0.1至0.3巴，这对于以下情况是充足的：使用来自辅助塔的第一气态顶部馏分的顶部气体作为再生气体用于空气净化的分子筛站。由于该特别低的低压塔压力，系统的能量消耗被降低。
在本发明其它的实施例中，来自除氩塔顶部冷凝器的蒸发空间的气体被引入辅助塔。该气体可预先与含氧量等于或高于空气中的含氧量的气态馏分混合，并且在此共同被供给辅助塔，例如在贮液槽中。可选的，仅仅来自除氩塔顶部冷凝器的气体被引入辅助塔的贮液槽，而其它气态馏分在传质截面以上的中间位置。结果，低压塔可更集中地解除从而增加整个系统的性能。
更有利的是，用于将气态馏分引入辅助塔的装置被构造为用于将涡轮膨胀空气引入辅助塔的装置，所述气态馏分的含氧量等于或高于空气中的含氧量。因此，涡轮空气或者仅仅一部分需要被引入低压塔。
根据另一个方面，本发明另外涉及通过低温空气分离产生氧的方法。
具体而言，本发明提供在精馏塔系统中通过低温空气分离产生氧的方法，所述精馏塔系统包括
-高压塔和低压塔，
-主冷凝器，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述主冷凝器的液化空间被流体连接至高压塔的顶部，而所述主冷凝器的蒸发空间被流体连接至低压塔，和
-辅助塔，
其中
-氧气流从低压塔排出并且作为氧产物回收，
-氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量的气态馏分被引入所述辅助塔的贮液槽区域，
-来自所述高压塔、主冷凝器或低压塔的液态流作为回流被供给所述辅助塔的顶部，其中所述液态流的氮含量至少等于空气中的氮含量，
其特征在于
-富氩流从所述低压塔的中间位置引入除氩塔，
-用于所述除氩塔的回流在构造为冷凝器-蒸发器的除氩塔顶部冷凝器中产生，其中所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器的液化空间被流体连接至所述除氩塔的顶部，
-粗氧从所述高压塔的贮液槽引入所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器的蒸发空间中，
-其中
-所述低压塔设置在所述高压塔的旁边，
-所述主冷凝器设置在所述高压塔上方，
-所述辅助塔设置在所述主冷凝器上方，
-所述除氩塔设置在所述辅助塔上方，并且
-所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器设置在所述除氩塔上方。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中，第一气态顶部馏分从辅助塔被回收作为第一气态氮产物，而第二气态顶部馏分从低压塔被回收作为第二气态氮产物。所述第一和第二气态顶部馏分分别由主换热器中通过，从而使得这些馏分相逆于高压塔的供给空气被加热。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中，来自所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器之蒸发空间的气体被引入所述辅助塔。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中，所述氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量的气态馏分由涡轮膨胀空气形成。
在根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案中，所述低压塔设置在所述高压塔的旁边，所述主冷凝器设置在所述高压塔上方，所述辅助塔设置在所述主冷凝器或所述低压塔上方，所述除氩塔设置在所述辅助塔上方或与所述辅助塔等高或在所述主冷凝器上方，并且所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器设置在所述除氩塔上方。
附图说明
参照附图中示意性示出的典型实施例，下文更加详细地讨论了本发明以及本发明的其他细节。在图中：
图1示出本发明的第一典型实施例，其具有辅助塔和低压塔的两个顶部馏分的组合，
图2示出第二典型实施例，其具有两个顶部馏分的分离传导，
图3示出第三典型实施例，将气体从除氩塔顶部冷凝器引入辅助塔，并且
图4示出图3的改进，其在辅助塔中具有传质截面。
具体实施方式
图1中仅示出具有附属设备如膨胀涡轮106、110、114的主换热器103。在图2至4的典型实施例中，即使未在图中示出，其呈现的也完全相同。
图1中系统的精馏塔系统具有高压塔1、低压塔2、主冷凝器3、辅助塔4、除氩塔5和除氩塔顶部冷凝器6。在典型实施例中，主冷凝器3构成为六层级联蒸发器，并且除氩塔顶部冷凝器6构成为单层浸浴蒸发器。辅助塔，例如20，包含实际塔板或理论塔板。如果使用有序填料，其优点是选择特别高的特定表面面积，例如1200m2/m3。
压缩和净化的供给空气在三种不同压力下提供。第一压力主要在管线101中。第一压力下的空气的第一部分102在主换热器103中被冷却至冷端，并且形成空气流102a。第一压力下的空气的第二部分104在主换热器103中被冷却至中间温度。中间温度105下的空气被供给第一膨胀涡轮106并且在那里做功膨胀。涡轮膨胀的空气107形成“第三供给空气流”并且经由管线12流过辅助塔4。
第二更高压力下的空气108在主换热器103中被冷却至中间温度，经由管线109通往第二膨胀涡轮110并且做功膨胀以形成空气流111。
在仍然更高的第三压力下，如果压力是超临界的，则另一空气流，称为节流流112，在主换热器中被冷却并且被液化或者伪液化。这里与其名称相反，液态或超临界的节流流113不是节流膨胀，而是在液涡轮(稠密液涡轮)114中做功膨胀。所得的液体空气8形成“第二供给空气流”。
第一供给空气流7由空气流102a和111形成，并且以气态形式被引入高压塔1，更确切地说直接在贮液槽之上。第二供给空气流8稍微更高地主要以液态形式供给到高压塔1中。其中的部分9被直接撤回，在逆流式过冷器10中被冷却并且经由管线11被引入低压塔2。来自膨胀涡轮106的第三供给空气流107以气态形式经由管线12供给到辅助塔4的贮液槽中。
与典型实施例背离，液体空气流11，其一部分或不同的液体空气流，可流过辅助塔4，特别是在中间位置。此外辅助塔不像典型实施例中仅有一个传质部分，而具有两个传质部分，其间供给有液体空气。
高压塔1的顶部氮的一部分13在主冷凝器3中被冷凝。产生的产物液氮14被供给回到第一高压塔1中的第一部分15并且在那里作为回流。第二部分16/17在逆流式过冷器10中被冷却并且作为液氮产物(LIN)回收。来自主冷凝器3的液氮14的第三部分18被供给内部压缩并且最后作为气态压力产物(GANIC)回收。来自高压塔1中间位置的不纯液氮19在逆流式过冷器10中过冷。过冷后的不纯氮20在第一部分20a中供给低压塔2的顶部。剩余的部分经由管线20b流至辅助塔的顶部。
来自高压塔贮液槽的液态粗氧21同样被引至逆流式过冷器10，然后经由管线22流入除氩塔顶部冷凝器6的蒸发空间。在蒸发空间形成的气体23a在中间点被供给低压塔2，正如保持液态的馏分24和辅助塔4的贮液槽液25。
辅助塔4的顶部产物作为第一气态顶部馏分26b经由管线27和28被引至逆流式过冷器10，并且进一步至主换热器103，最后作为第一气态氮产物回收或作为再生气体供给空气净化，其未被示出。低压塔2的顶部产物作为第二气态顶部馏分26a离开，结合第一气态顶部馏分26b，经由管线27和28流过逆流式过冷器10，并且进一步至主换热器103，并最后作为第二气态氮产物(与第一气态氮产物共同)被回收。高压塔1的顶部氮45在主换热器103中被加热并且作为中间压力氮产物(MPGAN)回收；一部分可作为密封气体(SEALGAS)使用。
从低压塔2的中间位置，富氩流29离开并且流至除氩塔5。液体30以逆流方式从除氩塔5的贮液槽流回至低压塔中。
除氩塔的顶部气体38流入除氩塔顶部冷凝器6的液化空间，在此产生的液体39作为回流供给除氩塔5。具有高氩含量的剩余的气体40在主换热器103中的分离的通道组中被加热。
低压塔2之贮液槽中的液氧的第一部分33经由管线31和泵32流入主冷凝器3的蒸发空间。该处产生的气体34和剩余的液体35被供给回到低压塔2中。如果那里有液氧产物(LOX)需求，为了该目的，低压塔2贮液槽中的液氧的第二部分36可被使用，可选择地在逆流式过冷器10中冷却后。第三部分37被供给到内部压缩，然后形成系统的主要产物，即气态压力氧产物(GOXIC)。
塔和冷凝器用以下方式设置：
-低压塔2矗立在高压塔1一侧。
-主冷凝器3位于高压塔1上方。
-辅助塔4设置在主冷凝器3上方。
-除氩塔5位于辅助塔4上方。
-除氩塔顶部冷凝器6安装在除氩塔5上方。
可选地，辅助塔4和除氩塔5可用以下方式设置：
-辅助塔4设置在低压塔2上方。
-除氩塔5位于主冷凝器3上方。
-除氩塔顶部冷凝器6安装在除氩塔5上方。
图2唯一不同于图1的仅仅是来自低压塔2的第二液态顶部馏分(26a)被引入管线27、28和逆流式过冷器10。相比之下，第一气态顶部馏分26b被引入逆流式过冷器并且流过主换热器中的分离的通道。该特征也在随后的图3和4中的系统中被实现。
在图3中，仅仅来自除氩塔顶部冷凝器蒸发空间的气体23的一部分23a流入低压塔2。剩余的部分23b，更确切地说与涡轮膨胀空气共同流入辅助塔4。
在图4中，辅助塔4具有其它传质部分41，其中来自除氩塔顶部冷凝器6的气体23b在该传质部分之下、涡轮膨胀空气12之上被引入。

Claims (13)

1.通过低温空气分离产生氧的系统，具有
-高压塔(1)和低压塔(2)，
-主冷凝器(3)，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述主冷凝器(3)的液化空间被流体连接(13，14，15)至高压塔(1)的顶部，而所述主冷凝器(3)的蒸发空间被流体连接(31，33，34，35)至低压塔(2)，
-连接至所述低压塔(2)的氧产品管线(37)，
-辅助塔(4)，
-用于将气态馏分(12)引入辅助塔(4)之贮液槽部分的装置，所述气态馏分的氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量，并且具有
-用于将来自所述高压塔(1)、主冷凝器(3)或低压塔(2)的液态流作为回流引入辅助塔(4)顶部的回流液体管线(19，20，20b)，其中所述液态流的氮含量至少等于空气的氮含量，
其特征在于
-除氩塔(5)，其被流体连接(29，30)至所述低压塔(2)的中间位置，
-除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的液化空间被流体连接(38，39)至所述除氩塔(5)的顶部，
-粗氧管线(21，22)，其用于将液态粗氧从所述高压塔(1)的贮液槽引入所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的蒸发空间，并且
-塔如下构造，其中
-所述低压塔(2)设置在所述高压塔(1)的旁边，
-所述主冷凝器(3)设置在所述高压塔(1)上方，
-所述辅助塔(4)设置在所述主冷凝器(3)上方，
-所述除氩塔(5)设置在所述辅助塔(4)上方，并且
-所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)设置在所述除氩塔(5)上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于用于从所述辅助塔(4)回收第一气态顶部馏分(26b)作为第一气态氮产物的装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于用于从所述低压塔(2)回收第二气态顶部馏分(26a)作为第二气态氮产物的装备。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于用于分别使所述第一和第二气态顶部馏分(26b，26a)由主换热器(103)中通过的装置，从而使得这些馏分相逆于高压塔(1)的供给空气(102，108，112)被加热。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的系统，其特征在于将气体(23)从所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的蒸发空间引入辅助塔(4)的装置。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述用于将气态馏分(12)引入所述辅助塔的装置被构造为将涡轮膨胀空气引入辅助塔(4)的装置，所述气态馏分的含氧量等于或高于空气中的含氧量。
7.在精馏塔系统中通过低温空气分离产生氧的方法，所述精馏塔系统包括
-高压塔(1)和低压塔(2)，
-主冷凝器(3)，其被构成为冷凝器-蒸发器，其中所述主冷凝器(3)的液化空间被流体连接(13，14，15)至高压塔(1)的顶部，而所述主冷凝器(3)的蒸发空间被流体连接(31，33，34，35)至低压塔(2)，和
-辅助塔(4)，
其中
-氧气流(37)从低压塔(2)排出并且作为氧产物回收，
-氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量的气态馏分(12)被引入所述辅助塔(4)的贮液槽区域，
-来自所述高压塔(1)、主冷凝器(3)或低压塔(2)的液态流(19，20，20b)作为回流被供给所述辅助塔(4)的顶部，其中所述液态流的氮含量至少等于空气中的氮含量，
其特征在于
-富氩流(29)从所述低压塔(2)的中间位置引入除氩塔(5)，
-用于所述除氩塔(5)的回流在构造为冷凝器-蒸发器的除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)中产生，其中所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的液化空间被流体连接至所述除氩塔(5)的顶部，
-粗氧(21，22)从所述高压塔(1)的贮液槽引入所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)的蒸发空间中，
-其中
-所述低压塔(2)设置在所述高压塔(1)的旁边，
-所述主冷凝器(3)设置在所述高压塔(1)上方，
-所述辅助塔(4)设置在所述主冷凝器(3)上方，
-所述除氩塔(5)设置在所述辅助塔(4)上方并且
-所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)设置在所述除氩塔(5)上方。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，第一气态顶部馏分(26b)从辅助塔(4)被回收作为第一气态氮产物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，第二气态顶部馏分(26a)从低压塔(2)被回收作为第二气态氮产物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述第一和第二气态顶部馏分(26b，26a)分别由主换热器(103)中通过，从而使得这些馏分相逆于高压塔(1)的供给空气(102，108，112)被加热。
11.根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的方法，其中，来自所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)之蒸发空间的气体(23b)被引入所述辅助塔(4)。
12.根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氧含量等于或高于空气中的氧含量的气态馏分(12)由涡轮膨胀空气形成。
13.根据权利要求7至10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述低压塔(2)设置在所述高压塔(1)的旁边，所述主冷凝器(3)设置在所述高压塔(1)上方，所述辅助塔(4)设置在所述主冷凝器(3)或所述低压塔(2)上方，所述除氩塔(5)设置在所述辅助塔(4)上方或与所述辅助塔(4)等高或在所述主冷凝器(3)上方，并且所述除氩塔顶部冷凝器(6)设置在所述除氩塔(5)上方。
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