CN106002108A - Precise manufacturing method of generator claw pole - Google Patents
Precise manufacturing method of generator claw pole Download PDFInfo
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- CN106002108A CN106002108A CN201610546726.4A CN201610546726A CN106002108A CN 106002108 A CN106002108 A CN 106002108A CN 201610546726 A CN201610546726 A CN 201610546726A CN 106002108 A CN106002108 A CN 106002108A
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- generator
- claw pole
- formed part
- claw
- pole
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种发电机爪极的精密制造方法，属于金属材料塑性加工技术领域。该制造方法首先将坯料进行二次加热后，将加热的毛坯经镦粗制坯后放入带分布式极爪型腔的下浮动凹模型腔中，对坯料进行单向挤压成形，制得发电机爪极成形件；采用磁性退火热处理工艺，退火后对发电机爪极成形件进行冷挤压，完成发电机爪极成形件的内、外型面、凹槽及过渡圆弧半径的冷整形，将冷整形后的发电机爪极成形件再进行数控机械加工，最后得到发电机爪极产品。本发明方法实现了近净成形和洁净制造，能够节约材料和能源；同时改善了产品的性能，提供了产品尺寸精度、减少后道加工工序，生产成本大大降低，具有较好的质量、经济和环境效益。
The invention discloses a precision manufacturing method for a claw pole of a generator, and belongs to the technical field of plastic processing of metal materials. In the manufacturing method, firstly, the billet is reheated, and the heated blank is upset and made into a billet, and then put into the lower floating concave mold cavity with distributed pole claw cavity, and the billet is unidirectionally extruded. Generator claw pole forming parts; using magnetic annealing heat treatment process, the generator claw pole forming parts are cold extruded after annealing, and the inner and outer profiles, grooves and transition arc radius of the generator claw pole forming parts are cold-extruded. Shaping, the cold-shaping formed part of the generator claw pole is then processed by CNC machining, and finally the generator claw pole product is obtained. The method of the invention realizes near-net shape and clean manufacturing, and can save materials and energy; at the same time, the performance of the product is improved, the dimensional accuracy of the product is provided, the subsequent processing procedures are reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, and it has better quality, economy and environmental benefits.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于金属材料塑性加工技术领域，具体涉及一种发电机爪极的精密制造方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing of metal materials, and in particular relates to a precision manufacturing method of claw poles of generators.
背景技术：Background technique:
发电机爪极是汽车发电机的关键部件，爪极形状复杂。属于高筋类回转件。发电机爪极的生产方法目前主要有整体铸造加工，热锻造加工两种方式。其中铸造成形的发电机爪极毛坯材料节省，但内部组织存在疏松、缩孔、夹渣，易出现裂纹，发电效率底下，质量难以满足用户要求，同时生产过程对环境的污染较严重。而热模锻造工艺的主要方法是采用感应加热、预锻和终锻(开式模锻)、切边、退火处理、整形、数控加工。该方法虽然能提高工件的性能质量，满足用户的技术要求。但是仍然存在制造工序多，材料利用率不高，以及加热温度高和工作环境质量差等问题。Generator claw poles are the key components of automobile generators, and the shape of the claw poles is complex. It belongs to high-rib rotary parts. At present, the production methods of generator claw poles mainly include integral casting processing and hot forging processing. Among them, the cast-formed generator claw pole blanks are economical in material, but the internal structure is loose, shrinkage cavity, slag inclusion, cracks are prone to appear, the power generation efficiency is low, and the quality is difficult to meet the user's requirements. At the same time, the production process has serious environmental pollution. The main methods of the hot die forging process are induction heating, pre-forging and final forging (open die forging), trimming, annealing, shaping, and CNC machining. Although this method can improve the performance and quality of the workpiece, it can meet the technical requirements of users. However, there are still many manufacturing processes, low material utilization, high heating temperature and poor quality of working environment.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明针对现有发电机爪极制备中存在的技术问题，提供一种发电机爪极的精密制造方法，以提高产品质量，降低制造成本，实现更加洁净的绿色制造。The invention aims at the technical problems existing in the preparation of the existing claw poles of generators, and provides a precision manufacturing method of claw poles of generators, so as to improve product quality, reduce manufacturing costs, and realize cleaner green manufacturing.
本发明所提供的发电机爪极的精密制造方法，该方法具体步骤如下：The precision manufacturing method of generator claw pole provided by the present invention, the specific steps of this method are as follows:
(1)毛坯加热：先将坯料预热至150-200℃，并在其表面涂上石墨乳，然后将毛坯加热至800-950℃。(1) Blank heating: first preheat the blank to 150-200°C, and coat the surface with graphite milk, then heat the blank to 800-950°C.
(2)精密成形：将加热的毛坯经镦粗制坯后放入带分布式极爪型腔的下浮动凹模型腔中，上浮动凹模下行,与下浮动凹模合成一个整体浮动凹模，整体浮动凹模下行，下凸模开始对坯料进行单向挤压成形，当整体浮动凹模到限位点时，坯料挤压过程结束，制得发电机爪极成形件。(2) Precision forming: put the heated blank into the lower floating concave mold cavity with distributed pole claw cavity after upsetting the blank, the upper floating concave mold goes down, and synthesizes a whole floating concave mold with the lower floating concave mold , the overall floating die goes down, and the lower punch starts to extrude the billet in one direction. When the overall floating die reaches the limit point, the billet extrusion process ends, and the formed part of the claw pole of the generator is obtained.
(3)磁性退火：采用退火工艺处理步骤(2)制得发电机爪极成形件，以消除发电机爪极成形件的内应力，改善组织，提高磁导率，降低矫顽力。(3) Magnetic annealing: use the annealing process to process step (2) to obtain the formed part of the claw pole of the generator, so as to eliminate the internal stress of the formed part of the claw pole of the generator, improve the structure, increase the magnetic permeability, and reduce the coercive force.
(4)整形：将步骤(3)经过磁性退火处理得到的发电机爪极成形件进行冷挤压，完成发电机爪极成形件的内、外型面、凹槽及过渡圆弧半径的冷整形，得到冷整形后的发电机爪极成形件。(4) Shaping: Cold extrusion of the formed part of the claw pole of the generator obtained through the magnetic annealing treatment in step (3) to complete the cold extrusion of the inner and outer profiles, grooves and transition arc radius of the formed part of the claw pole of the generator. Shaping to obtain the cold shaped claw pole formed part of the generator.
(5)对步骤(4)冷整形后的发电机爪极成形件进行数控机械加工，加工发电机爪极成形件的内孔、凸台与平面，最后得到发电机爪极，完成发电机爪极的精密制造。(5) Carry out numerical control machining to the formed part of the generator claw pole after the cold shaping in step (4), process the inner hole, boss and plane of the formed part of the generator claw pole, finally obtain the generator claw pole, and complete the generator claw Extreme precision manufacturing.
本发明方法，实现了近净成形和洁净制造，节约材料和能源消耗。同时改善了零件的性能，产品尺寸精度、减少后道加工工序，生产成本大大降低，具有较好的质量、经济和环境效益。The method of the invention realizes near-net shape and clean manufacturing, and saves material and energy consumption. At the same time, the performance of the parts is improved, the dimensional accuracy of the product is reduced, the subsequent processing procedures are reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, and it has better quality, economic and environmental benefits.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1：本发明精密成形工艺示意图；Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the precision forming process of the present invention;
图2：本发明发电机爪极精密成形结构示意图；Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the precision forming structure of the claw pole of the generator of the present invention;
图3：本发明发电机爪极整形结构示意图；Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the claw pole shaping structure of the generator of the present invention;
图4：本发明发电机爪极成品结构示意图。Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the structure of the finished claw pole of the generator of the present invention.
图中：1：上浮动凹模；2：工件；3：下浮动凹模；4：下凸模，5；下浮动支撑弹簧；6：过渡圆角；7：爪极型面；8：凹槽。In the figure: 1: upper floating die; 2: workpiece; 3: lower floating die; 4: lower punch, 5; lower floating support spring; 6: transition fillet; 7: claw pole profile; 8: concave groove.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的阐述。The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明所提供的一种发电机爪极的精密制造方法的具体步骤如下：The specific steps of a precision manufacturing method for a generator claw pole provided by the present invention are as follows:
1、精密成形：1. Precision forming:
由于爪极现状的特征和材料导磁性能要求，其制造方法采用近净成形与机械加工相结合方式。首先采用精密下料方法剪切棒料，控制坯料的重量误差，并且对下料毛坯进行抛光处理。坯料加热时采用二次加热方法。先预热至150-200℃，并对其表面涂上石墨乳，再感应加热至800-950℃。毛坯加热后首先在制坯工段进行镦粗定外形，然后送至精密成形工序。在成形工段，上、下模具开始处于开启状态，镦粗的工件2被置入带分布式极爪型腔的下浮动凹模3浮动型腔内，上浮动凹模1下行，上、下浮动凹模闭合并形成一个封闭的型腔。随后上、下浮动模具继续下行，下凸模4对工件进行单向挤压，挤压至模具限位点结束。上、下浮动凹模回程、分开，下浮动支撑弹簧5复位。再从下凹模型腔中取出挤压成形件，发电机爪极在该工序一次近净成形。Due to the current characteristics of the claw pole and the requirements of the magnetic permeability of the material, its manufacturing method adopts a combination of near-net shape and mechanical processing. First of all, the precision cutting method is used to cut the bar, control the weight error of the blank, and polish the blank. The secondary heating method is adopted when the billet is heated. First preheat to 150-200°C, and coat the surface with graphite milk, then induction heat to 800-950°C. After the blank is heated, it is first upset and shaped in the blank making section, and then sent to the precision forming process. In the forming section, the upper and lower molds are initially in the open state, and the upset workpiece 2 is placed into the floating cavity of the lower floating die 3 with distributed pole claw cavities, the upper floating die 1 moves downward, and the upper and lower floats The die closes and forms a closed cavity. Subsequently, the upper and lower floating molds continue to move downward, and the lower punch 4 carries out unidirectional extrusion to the workpiece, and the extrusion ends at the limit point of the mold. The upper and lower floating dies return and separate, and the lower floating support spring 5 resets. Then the extruded part is taken out from the concave mold cavity, and the claw pole of the generator is nearly net-shaped in this process.
2、磁性退火：对近净成型后的发电机爪极进行磁性退火处理，消除内应力，改善组织，提高磁导率，降低矫顽力。2. Magnetic annealing: Carry out magnetic annealing treatment on the claw poles of the generator after near-net shaping to eliminate internal stress, improve structure, increase magnetic permeability and reduce coercive force.
3、整形：经磁性退火处理后的发电机爪极冷却后，再送到整形工序进行冷挤压整形。通过整形工序将发电机爪极的过渡圆角6、爪极型面7以及凹槽8挤压到所需的产品尺寸精度，降低表面粗糙度。并采用剪切工序冲切在爪极分模线位置上的毛刺。3. Shaping: After cooling the claws of the generator after magnetic annealing treatment, it is sent to the shaping process for cold extrusion shaping. Through the shaping process, the transition fillet 6, claw pole surface 7 and groove 8 of the generator claw pole are extruded to the required dimensional accuracy of the product to reduce the surface roughness. And use the shearing process to punch out the burrs at the position of the claw pole parting line.
4、机械加工：采用数控加工工艺加工发电机爪极的中心孔、凸台和平面等，最后制得发电机爪极产品。4. Machining: CNC machining is used to process the center hole, boss and plane of the claw pole of the generator, and finally the claw pole product of the generator is obtained.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610546726.4A CN106002108A (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | Precise manufacturing method of generator claw pole |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610546726.4A CN106002108A (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2016-07-12 | Precise manufacturing method of generator claw pole |
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| CN106002108A true CN106002108A (en) | 2016-10-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115133677A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | Brushless generator claw pole forging and finished claw pole manufacturing process based on forging |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1550962A (en) * | 1925-04-06 | 1925-08-25 | Agnes H Hose | Die for forging claw hammers |
| CN1258575A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-07-05 | 武进市龙城精锻有限公司 | Forming process for pawl pole of automobile generator |
| CN1310065A (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-29 | 王玉林 | Hot forging and cold extruding formation process for pawl pole of automobile generator |
| CN1364669A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2002-08-21 | 燕山大学 | Fine forging technology for automobile claw pole forging |
| CN1772412A (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2006-05-17 | 庄龙兴 | Pawl pole of brush-less generator and its manufacture |
-
2016
- 2016-07-12 CN CN201610546726.4A patent/CN106002108A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1550962A (en) * | 1925-04-06 | 1925-08-25 | Agnes H Hose | Die for forging claw hammers |
| CN1258575A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2000-07-05 | 武进市龙城精锻有限公司 | Forming process for pawl pole of automobile generator |
| CN1310065A (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-29 | 王玉林 | Hot forging and cold extruding formation process for pawl pole of automobile generator |
| CN1364669A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2002-08-21 | 燕山大学 | Fine forging technology for automobile claw pole forging |
| CN1772412A (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2006-05-17 | 庄龙兴 | Pawl pole of brush-less generator and its manufacture |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115133677A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏龙城精锻集团有限公司 | Brushless generator claw pole forging and finished claw pole manufacturing process based on forging |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |