CN106000913A - Photoelectric color separate method and device for nonferrous metals of decommissioned cars - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a non-ferrous metal photoelectric color sorting method and device for decommissioned automobiles. Broken non-ferrous materials pass through a visual detection mechanism one by one on a conveyor belt. Generate color feature signal, match and judge the color feature signal with the color of the target metal type, when the match is passed, the air nozzle behind the end of the conveyor belt will change the movement path of the flying non-ferrous metal broken material so that it falls into a specific hopper. The method can select the target non-ferrous metal species one by one from the non-ferrous metal crushed materials, has high reliability, is suitable for large-sized crushed materials, and does not generate pollution.

Description

Photoelectric color sorting method and device for decommissioned automobile non-ferrous metals

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of metal sorting, and in particular relates to a photoelectric color sorting method and device for decommissioned automobile nonferrous metals.

Background technique

Among the materials of decommissioned vehicles, steel accounts for about 70%, non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, magnesium alloys and a small amount of zinc, lead and bearing alloys) account for about 10%, and the rest are non-metals. Reuse, remanufacturing and recycling are the three main forms of recycling of decommissioned vehicles. For decommissioned vehicles and parts that do not have good reusability and remanufacturability, recycling is generally used to realize resource recovery. The main processes of recycling include rolling, crushing and sorting. Sorting is based on the difference in physical properties of different constituent materials of automobiles to separate types, such as separating metals from non-metals or separating non-ferrous metals from metals. However, At present, there is no equipment to further classify the non-ferrous metals of retired vehicles.

Most domestic universities, scientific research institutes and technology companies have carried out some theoretical research and equipment research and development on non-ferrous metal sorting technology in the field of domestic waste or household appliance recycling. The related patents mainly include:

The invention application with application number 201510336863.0 "a high-frequency eddy current non-ferrous metal sorting machine" and the invention application with application number 201410771784.8 "non-ferrous metal sorting system" both use the principle of eddy current separation - drive the magnetic roller to rotate at high speed, An alternating magnetic field is generated to generate an induced eddy current inside the non-ferrous metal passing through the magnetic field area; the induced eddy current itself generates an alternating magnetic field, which is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic roller, and the two fields interact to generate a repulsive force, thereby making the non-ferrous metal Metals are separated from the material stream for sorting purposes. However, these two invention patents are for sorting non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, etc.) from domestic garbage, not for sorting a certain non-ferrous metal (aluminum or copper) from a mixture of non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, etc.).

The invention application with the application number of 201310446729.7 "Sorting device and method for non-ferrous metals from fine particle waste" discloses a non-ferrous technology separation device for fine particle waste, which includes two-stage eddy current sorting, one-time screening and one-time smart sensor sorting, which can Realize the separation of non-ferrous metals and stainless steel. However, this method has the following disadvantages: 1) It can only sort fine-grained non-ferrous metals, but cannot sort large-grained non-ferrous metals, and the range of sorting particle sizes is narrow; 2) It cannot sort metals one by one, and the sorting accuracy is low ; 3) The structure is complicated and the cost is high.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric color sorting method and device for decommissioned automobile non-ferrous metals. The method can select the target non-ferrous metals one by one from the non-ferrous metal crushed materials, has high reliability, and is suitable for large-sized crushed materials, No pollution.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A photoelectric color sorting method for non-ferrous metals in decommissioned cars, characterized in that: broken non-ferrous metals pass through a visual detection mechanism one by one on a conveyor belt, and the visual detection mechanism collects images, extracts color features and generates colors for the broken non-ferrous metals that enter the field of view. Characteristic signal, match and judge the color characteristic signal with the color of the target metal type. When the match is passed, the air nozzle behind the end of the conveyor belt will change the movement path of the flying non-ferrous metal broken material so that it falls into a specific hopper.

Further, the non-ferrous metal crushing material is the non-ferrous metal crushing material obtained after one-step or multi-step physical-mechanical separation of the decommissioned automobile crushing material (mostly aluminum alloy crushing material and copper alloy crushing material, and a small amount of impurities) , the outer layer of the non-ferrous metal crushing material can show the true color of the metal or alloy (removing the paint, coating or surface rust in the steps of scraping, grinding, etc.).

A photoelectric color sorting device for non-ferrous metals in decommissioned cars based on the photoelectric color sorting method for non-ferrous metals in decommissioned cars, including a conveyor belt and a control cabinet. On the conveyor belt, there is a visual detection mechanism somewhere along the conveyor belt. The visual detection mechanism can identify the types of non-ferrous metal crushed materials passing by. There are air nozzles and hoppers on the upper and lower sides behind the end of the conveyor belt. The air nozzles can detect the flying out. The broken material is sprayed, and the hopper is used to store different kinds of non-ferrous metal broken materials. The driving mechanism of the conveyor belt, the visual inspection mechanism and the control mechanism of the air nozzle are respectively connected with the control cabinet.

Further, the visual detection mechanism includes a light source, a camera, and an image processing module. The light source is set directly below the end of the conveyor belt and points vertically to the conveyor belt. The camera is set right above the end of the conveyor belt and the camera lens points vertically to the conveyor belt. The camera is connected to the image processing module. The image processing module is connected with the control cabinet.

Further, the light source is an adjustable light source.

Further, the crushed material output mechanism includes a vibration box and a discharge channel. The vibration box breaks up the non-ferrous metal crushed material into thin layers and enters the discharge channel. Only a single non-ferrous metal crushed material is allowed between the two sides of the discharge channel. Through the passage, the top surface and the bottom surface of the discharge channel are gradually narrowed, and only a single non-ferrous metal crushed material is allowed to pass between the top surface and the bottom surface of the end of the discharge channel, and the bottom surface of the discharge channel is provided with a drive roller.

Further, two rollers are arranged at both ends of the conveyor belt, wherein one roller is driven by a motor, and the other roller is provided with a tensioning mechanism (the tensioning mechanism is composed of a tensioning screw and a tensioning slide bar, and the rotating tensioning The tightening screw drives the tensioning slide bar to change the position of the roller, so that the conveyor belt is tensioned).

Further, the air nozzles are arranged along the manifold (the material of the manifold is ordinary aluminum alloy, the manifold adopts a T-shaped structure, three sides of the air inlet, one side of the air outlet, the air nozzle is set on the air outlet, and the diameter of the air outlet is 5mm-7.5 mm), the width of the manifold can cover the width of the conveyor belt, each air nozzle is equipped with a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected with the control cabinet, and the manifold is connected with the air compressor and air filter in turn (the air filter is integrated with pressure Table) and gas tank connection (the air compressor and gas tank are relatively large in size and are peripheral equipment, which are only installed when work is required).

Further, the particle size of non-ferrous metal crushing material is 20mm-80mm, the output gas pressure of the gas nozzle is 0.8 Mpa-1Mpa, the angle formed between the gas nozzle and the plane of the conveyor belt is between 30° and 60°, and the transmission speed of the conveyor belt is 0 -4m/s, the preferred speed is 2m/s.

Further, a display screen is provided on the control cabinet.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

Different types of non-ferrous metal crushing materials have different colors. By identifying and sorting the color of non-ferrous metals one by one, the target metal type can be selected, which has high reliability. For crushed materials with large particle size, flexible sorting, no damage to the target object and no pollution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a non-ferrous metal photoelectric color sorting device for decommissioned automobiles in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a manifold in an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-frame; 2-crushed material output mechanism; 3-roller at the head end; 4-tensioning mechanism; 5-conveyor belt; 6-roller at the end; 7-lens; 8-camera; 9 -image processing module; 10-mounting board; 11-solenoid valve; 12-manifold; 13-air nozzle; 14-reducer; 15-motor; 16-display screen; 17-control cabinet; air filter.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figure 2, a photoelectric color sorting method for non-ferrous metals of decommissioned cars is characterized in that: the non-ferrous metal crushed materials pass through the visual detection mechanism one by one on the conveyor belt 5, and the visual detection mechanism collects images of the non-ferrous metal crushed materials entering the field of view 1. Extract the color feature and generate the color feature signal, match and judge the color feature signal and the color of the target metal type, when the match is passed, the air nozzle 13 jet at the rear of the conveyor belt 5 end changes the movement path of the flying non-ferrous metal broken material so that It falls into a specific hopper.

Different types of non-ferrous metal crushing materials have different colors. By identifying and sorting the color of non-ferrous metals one by one, the target metal type can be selected, and the reliability is high. It is suitable for crushed materials with large particle size, flexible sorting, no damage to the target object and no pollution.

Non-ferrous metal crushed materials are non-ferrous metal crushed materials obtained after one-step or multi-step physical-mechanical separation of decommissioned automobile crushed materials (mostly aluminum alloy crushed materials and copper alloy crushed materials, and a small amount of impurities). The outer layer of the crushed material can show the true color of the metal or alloy (removal of paint, coating or surface rust during scraping, grinding, etc.).

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of decommissioned automobile nonferrous metal photoelectric color sorting device based on the above-mentioned decommissioned automobile nonferrous metal photoelectric color sorting method includes a conveyor belt 5 and a control cabinet 17, the head end of the conveyor belt 5 is connected with the broken material output mechanism 2, and the broken material The output mechanism 2 places the non-ferrous metal crushed materials on the conveyor belt 5 one by one. A visual detection mechanism is provided somewhere along the conveyor belt 5. The visual detection mechanism can identify the types of non-ferrous metal crushed materials passing by. The upper and lower sides behind the end of the conveyor belt 5 are respectively There is an air nozzle 13 and a hopper, the air nozzle 13 can spray air on the flying crushed material, the hopper is used to store different types of non-ferrous metal crushed materials, the driving mechanism of the conveyor belt 5, the visual inspection mechanism and the control mechanism of the air nozzle 13 are respectively connected with the control mechanism. Cabinet 17 is connected.

In this embodiment, the conveyor belt 5 is set on the frame 1, and the frame 1 is welded by square steel, and its cross-sectional size is (20-100) mm×(20-100) mm×(2-5) mm , the preferred size is 50mm×50mm×5mm, and the material is Q235A.

As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the visual inspection mechanism includes a light source 18, a camera 8 (for example: Panaonic color camera ANPVC2260) and an image processing module 9 (for example: Panasonic image processing device PV200), and the light source 18 is set on the conveyor belt 5 The end is directly below and vertically pointing to the conveyor belt 5 (the light source 18 is fixed on the frame 1), the camera 8 is set directly above the end of the conveyor belt 5 and the camera lens 7 (for example: Computar lens M2514-MP2) is vertically pointing to the conveyor belt 5 (camera 8 and the image processing module 9 are fixed on the frame 1 through the mounting plate 10), the camera 8 is connected to the image processing module 9, and the image processing module 9 is connected to the control cabinet 17. Wherein, the light source 18 is a light source with adjustable brightness, and the background light can be adjusted according to the environment.

In this embodiment, the crushed material output mechanism 2 includes a vibration box and a discharge channel. The vibration box breaks up the non-ferrous metal crushed material into thin layers and enters the discharge channel. Only a single The non-ferrous metal broken material passes through, and the gap between the top surface and the bottom surface of the discharge channel gradually narrows. Only a single non-ferrous metal crushed material can pass between the top surface and the bottom surface of the end of the discharge channel. The bottom surface of the discharge channel is equipped with a drive roller. .

As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, two rollers (3 and 6) are provided at both ends of the conveyor belt 5, wherein one roller 6 is driven by a motor 15 (for example, using Huazhong CNC servo motor GK6062-6AC61 -FB-b, the motor 15 is connected to the roller 6 through the reducer 14, the reducer 14 is a worm gear type, for example, Shanghai Liyi RV50 7.5 0.75FA), and the other roller 3 is provided with a tensioning mechanism 4 ( The tensioning mechanism is composed of a tensioning screw and a tensioning slide bar, rotating the tensioning screw drives the tensioning slide bar to change the position of the roller 3, so that the conveyor belt 5 is tensioned).

As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the air nozzles 13 are arranged along the manifold 12 (the material of the manifold 12 is ordinary aluminum alloy, as shown in Figure 3, the manifold 2 adopts a T-shaped structure, with three air inlets, Air outlet on one side, air nozzle 13 is arranged on the air outlet, and the diameter of air outlet is 5mm-7.5mm, is 6mm in this embodiment), the width of manifold 12 can cover the width of conveyer belt 5, on each air nozzle 13 A solenoid valve 11 is provided, and the solenoid valve 11 is connected with the control cabinet 17, and the manifold 12 is sequentially connected with the air compressor, the air filter 19 (the pressure gauge is integrated on the air filter 19) and the gas tank. The air compressor and gas tank are relatively large in size and are peripheral equipment, which are only installed when work is required.

In this embodiment, the particle size of the non-ferrous metal crushing material is 20mm-80mm, the output gas pressure of the gas nozzle 13 is 0.8 Mpa-1Mpa, and the angle formed between the gas nozzle 13 and the plane of the conveyor belt 5 is between 30° and 60°. The conveying speed of conveyor belt 5 is 0-4m/s, and preferred speed is 2m/s. The conveyor belt 5 is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), its width is 400mm-800mm, its length is 1000mm-2000mm, its thickness is 5mm, and its appearance color is green.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, a display screen 16 is provided on the control cabinet 17 . The display screen 16 can display the working status and set various parameters (such as adjusting the transmission speed according to the size of the non-ferrous metal crushed material, the output pressure of the air nozzle 13, and the preset target metal type).

In the present invention, the specific operation steps of the decommissioned automobile nonferrous metal photoelectric color sorting device are:

1) Preparation work: The source of sorting materials is non-ferrous metal crushing materials (mainly mixed aluminum and copper alloy crushing) with less impurities (non-ferrous metals) left after the decommissioned automobile crushing materials are sorted by other physical-mechanical methods materials, etc.), to ensure that the mixed non-ferrous metal crushed material is fed into single layer and single grain, and according to the sorting output of the device and the sorted metal type, input the program to the control cabinet 17 to carry out the operation speed of the conveyor belt 5 and the identification signal of the visual inspection mechanism match. In this example, the sorting output is set to 3.5t/h, the speed of the matching conveyor belt 5 is 2m/s, the type of non-ferrous metal selected is copper alloy, and the non-ferrous metal crushed material of mixed decommissioned automobiles provided is about 350kg, of which copper Alloy broken material is about 100Kg.

2) Detection and recognition: start the device, the control cabinet 17 sends an instruction to open the visual detection mechanism and the gas nozzle 13, the camera 8 starts to work and collects images of non-ferrous metal materials entering the field of view of the lens 7, and the image processing module 9 performs color characteristics on the collected images Extract and generate color characteristic signals, and transmit the color characteristic signals to the control cabinet 17 for matching judgment with the color of the target metal type input into the program, so as to realize the identification of non-ferrous metal materials and identify the broken copper alloy materials in the mixture.

3) Material separation: the control air nozzle 13 sprays the non-ferrous metal material identified by high-pressure air separation, and the air pressure provided in this example is 0.8Mpa. Sorting copper alloy broken material in this example is about 95kg, the corresponding aluminum alloy broken material (containing impurities) is about 250kg, and the loss of non-ferrous metal broken material is about 5kg. The sorting accuracy of metal photoelectric color sorting device is as high as 95%.

It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color choosing method, it is characterized in that: non-ferrous metal broken material is the most one by one through vision-based detection mechanism, vision-based detection mechanism carries out image acquisition, color feature extracted to the non-ferrous metal broken material entering field range and generates color characteristic signal, the color of color characteristic signal and metal target kind is carried out matching judgment, when fitting through, the gas jets jet at conveyer belt end rear changes the motion path of the non-ferrous metal broken material flown out makes it fall into specific hopper.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color choosing method the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: non-ferrous metal broken material is the non-ferrous metal broken material that retired automobile broken material obtains after one or multi-step physical-mechanical method sorts, and the outer layer of non-ferrous metal broken material can show the true qualities of metal or alloy.

3. a retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device based on above-mentioned retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color choosing method, it is characterized in that: include conveyer belt and switch board, conveyer belt head end is connected with broken material output mechanism, non-ferrous metal broken material is placed on a moving belt by broken material output mechanism one by one, conveyer belt somewhere along the line is provided with vision-based detection mechanism, the non-ferrous metal broken material kind of process can be identified by vision-based detection mechanism, conveyer belt end rear be respectively provided on two sides with gas jets and hopper up and down, gas jets can be to the broken material jet flown out, hopper is used for depositing different types of non-ferrous metal broken material, the drive mechanism of conveyer belt, the controlling organization of the gentle nozzle of vision-based detection mechanism is connected with switch board respectively.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: vision-based detection mechanism includes light source, camera and image processing module, light source is located at immediately below conveyer belt end and is directed vertically to conveyer belt, camera is located at directly over conveyer belt end and camera lens is directed vertically to conveyer belt, camera is connected with image processing module, and image processing module is connected with switch board.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: light source is luminance adjustable light source.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: broken material output mechanism includes vibrating bin and tapping channel, non-ferrous metal broken material is dispersed as thin layer and inputs tapping channel by vibrating bin, single non-ferrous metal broken material can only be allowed to pass through between two sides of tapping channel, gradually narrow between end face and the bottom surface of tapping channel, single non-ferrous metal broken material can only be allowed between end end face and the bottom surface of tapping channel to pass through, and the bottom surface of tapping channel is provided with live-roller.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the two ends of conveyer belt are provided with two rollers, and wherein, a roller is provided with strainer by motor driving, another roller.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: gas jets is arranged along cylinder manifold, the width of cylinder manifold can cover the width of conveyer belt, it is designed with electromagnetic valve in each gas jets, electromagnetic valve is connected with switch board, and cylinder manifold is connected with air compressor machine, air filter and gas tank successively.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: non-ferrous metal broken material granule size is 20mm-80mm, the output gas pressure of gas jets is 0.8 Mpa-1Mpa, gas jets and conveyer belt plane angulation are between 30 ° to 60 °, and the transfer rate of conveyer belt is 0-4m/s.

A kind of retired automobile non-ferrous metal photoelectric color screening device the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: switch board is provided with display screen.